2024-03-28T20:01:45Z
https://journal.waocp.org/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=3504
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Bladder Cancer Biomarkers: Review and Update
As the recurrence and mortality rates of bladder cancer are high, research is needed to find suitable biomarkersfor early detection, evaluation of prognosis, and surveillance of drug responses. We performed a computerizedsearch of the Medline/PubMed databases with the key words bladder cancer, biomarker, early detection, prognosisand drug response. Several markers were identified at DNA, RNA and protein levels with different sensitivitiesand specificities. Only a few of the potential bladder cancer biomarkers have been approved for clinical use.Efforts now should be concentrated on finding a panel of markers with acceptable sensitivity and specificity forearly detection of bladder cancer.
bladder cancer
Biomarker
Diagnosis
Prognosis
2014
06
01
2395
2403
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28934_7ba0bd6feb2bbe3dbd40e4ddfde67555.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Plant Extracts and Plant-Derived Compounds: Promising Players in Countermeasure Strategy Against Radiological Exposure: A Review
Radiation exposure leads to several pathophysiological conditions, including oxidative damage, inflammationand fibrosis, thereby affecting the survival of organisms. This review explores the radiation countermeasureproperties of fourteen (14) plant extracts or plant-derived compounds against these cellular manifestations. It wasaimed at evaluating the possible role of plants or its constituents in radiation countermeasure strategy. All the 14plant extracts or compounds derived from it and considered in this review have shown some radioprotection indifferent in vivo, ex-vivo and or in vitro models of radiological injury. However, few have demonstrated advantagesover the others. C. majus possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects appearsto be promising in radioprotection. Its crude extracts as well as various alkaloids and flavonoids derived fromit, have shown to enhance survival rate in irradiated mice. Similarly, curcumin with its antioxidant and theability to ameliorate late effect of radiation exposure, combined with improvement in survival in experimentalanimal following irradiation, makes it another probable candidate against radiological injury. Furthermore,the extracts of P. hexandrum and P. kurroa in combine treatment regime, M. piperita, E. officinalis, A. sinensis,nutmeg, genistein and ginsan warrants further studies on their radioprotective potentials. However, one that hasreceived a lot of attention is the dietary flaxseed. The scavenging ability against radiation-induced free radicals,prevention of radiation-induced lipid peroxidation, reduction in radiation cachexia, level of inflammatorycytokines and fibrosis, are some of the remarkable characteristics of flaxseed in animal models of radiation injury.While countering the harmful effects of radiation exposure, it has shown its ability to enhance survival rate inexperimental animals. Further, flaxseed has been tested and found to be equally effective when administeredbefore or after irradiation, and against low doses (≤5 Gy) to the whole body or high doses (12-13.5 Gy) to thewhole thorax. This is particularly relevant since apart from the possibility of using it in pre-conditioning regimein radiotherapy, it could also be used during nuclear plant leakage/accidents and radiological terrorism, whichare not pre-determined scenarios. However, considering the infancy of the field of plant-based radioprotectors,all the above-mentioned plant extracts/plant-derived compounds deserves further stringent study in differentmodels of radiation injury.
Radiation
Plant extracts
Antioxidant
Inflammation
fibrosis
radioprotection
2014
06
01
2405
2425
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28935_d964c031f8f4bb41052bb3b73e2d71bd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), characterized by absence of the estrogen receptor (ER) andprogesterone receptor (PR) and lack of overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2),have a poor prognosis. To overcome therapy limitations of TNBC, various new approaches are needed. Thismini-review focuses on discovery of new targets and drugs which might offer new hope for TNBC patients.
triple negative breast cancer
poor prognosis
targeted therapy
2014
06
01
2427
2431
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28936_81eb35213e361297755f98ca168b61ca.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Implementation of Proteomics for Cancer Research: Past, Present, and Future
Cancer is the leading cause of the death, accounts for about 13% of all annual deaths worldwide. Manydifferent fields of science are collaborating together studying cancer to improve our knowledge of this lethaldisease, and find better solutions for diagnosis and treatment. Proteomics is one of the most recent and rapidlygrowing areas in molecular biology that helps understanding cancer from an omics data analysis point of view.The human proteome project was officially initiated in 2008. Proteomics enables the scientists to interrogate avariety of biospecimens for their protein contents and measure the concentrations of these proteins. Currentnecessary equipment and technologies for cancer proteomics are mass spectrometry, protein microarrays,nanotechnology and bioinformatics. In this paper, we provide a brief review on proteomics and its application incancer research. After a brief introduction including its definition, we summarize the history of major previouswork conducted by researchers, followed by an overview on the role of proteomics in cancer studies. We alsoprovide a list of different utilities in cancer proteomics and investigate their advantages and shortcomings fromtheoretical and practical angles. Finally, we explore some of the main challenges and conclude the paper withfuture directions in this field.
proteomics
cancer
Biomarkers
Mass spectrometry
Bioinformatics
2014
06
01
2433
2438
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28937_353710fdc382634ffdf94129e7e7afed.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Cryptotanshinone Induces Inhibition of Breast Tumor Growth by Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells through the JAK2/STAT4/ Perforin Pathway
Cryptotanshinone (CPT), is a quinoid diterpene isolated from the root of the Asian medicinal plant, Salviamiotiorrhiza bunge. Numerous researchers have found that it could work as a potent antitumor agent to inhibittumor growth in vitro, buith there has been much less emphasis on its in vivo role against breast tumors. Usinga mouse tumor model of MCF7 cells, we showed that CPT strongly inhibited MCF7 cell growth in vivo withpolarization of immune reactions toward Th1-type responses, stimulation of naive CD4+ T cell proliferation,and also increased IFN-γ and perforin production of CD4+ T cells in response to tumor-activated splenocytes.Furthermore, data revealed that the cytotoxic activity of CD4+ T cells induced by CPT was markedly abrogatedby concanamycin A(CMA), a perforin inhibitor, but not IFN-γ Ab. On the other hand, after depletion of CD4+T cells or blocked perforin with CMA in a tumor-bearing model, CPT could not effectively suppress tumorgrowth, but this phenomenon could be reversed by injecting naive CD4+ T cells. Thus, our results suggestedthat CPT mainly inhibited breast tumor growth through inducing cytotoxic CD4+ T cells to secrete perforin.We further found that CPT enhanced perforin production of CD4+ T cells by up-regulating JAK2 and STAT4phosphorylation. These findings suggest a novel potential therapeutic role for CPT in tumor therapy, anddemonstrate that CPT performs its antitumor functions through cytotoxic CD4+ T cells.
CPT
Perforin
cytotoxic CD4+ T cells
Breast tumor
JAK2
STAT4
2014
06
01
2439
2445
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28938_065580988a66e6ed10029e63e218f934.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Elicited by Dendritic Cell-Targeted Delivery of Human Papillomavirus Type-16 E6/E7 Fusion Gene Exert Lethal Effects on CaSki Cells
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary etiologic agent of cervical cancer. Consideration of safety andnon human leukocyte antigen restriction, protein vaccine has become the most likely form of HPV therapeuticvaccine, although none have so far been reported as effective. Since tumor cells consistently express the twoproteins E6 and E7, most therapeutic vaccines target one or both of them. In this study, we fabricated DCvaccines by transducing replication-defective recombinant adenoviruses expressing E6/E7 fusion gene ofHPV-16, to investigate the lethal effects of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against CaSki cells in vitro.Mouse immature dendritic cells (DC) were generated from bone marrow, and transfected with pAd-E6/E7 toprepare a DC vaccine and to induce specific CTL. The surface expression of CD40, CD68, MHC II and CD11cwas assessed by flow cytometry (FCM), and the lethal effects of CTL against CaSki cells were determined byDAPI, FCM and CCK-8 methods. Immature mouse DC was successfully transfected by pAd-E6/E7 in vitro,and the transfecting efficiency was 40%-50%. A DC vaccine was successfully prepared and was used to inducespecific CTL. Experimental results showed that the percentage of apoptosis and killing rate of CaSki cells weresignificantly increased by coculturing with the specific CTL (p <0.05). These results illustrated that a DC vaccinemodified by HPV-16 E6/E7 gene can induce apoptosis of CaSki cells by inducing CTL, which may be used as anew strategy for biological treatment of cervical cancer.
cervical cancer
human papillomavirus
E6/E7 protein
CaSki cell
2014
06
01
2447
2451
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28939_bc7bdfa3a0ac7028e52daa8043503b12.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Ginsenoside Rg1 Induces Apoptosis through Inhibition of the EpoR-Mediated JAK2/STAT5 Signalling Pathway in the TF-1/Epo Human Leukemia Cell Line
Ginsenoside Rg1 is one effective anticancer and antioxidant constituent of total saponins of Panax ginseng(TSPG), which has been shown to have various pharmacological effects. Our previous study demonstrated thatRg1 had anti-tumor activity in K562 leukemia cells. The aim of this study was designed to investigate whetherRg1 could induce apoptosis in TF-1/Epo cells and further to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Herewe found that Rg1 could inhibit TF-1/Epo cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in vitro in a concentrationand time dependent manner. It also suppressed the expression of EpoR on the surface membrane and inhibitedJAK2/STAT5 pathway activity. Rg1 induced up-regulation of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and C-PAPR protein anddown-regulation of Bcl-2 and AG490, a JAK2 specific inhibitor, could enhance the effects of Rg1. Our studiesshowed that EpoR-mediated JAK2/STAT5 signaling played a key role in Rg1-induced apoptosis in TF-1/Epocells. These results may provide new insights of Rg1 protective roles in the prevention a nd treatment of leukemia.
Ginsenoside Rg1
Apoptosis
erythropoietin receptor
JAK2
STAT5
Leukemia
2014
06
01
2453
2459
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28940_0493b1cbb9f5ff73109e035844c5b816.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Comparison of Crude and Age-Specific Incidence Rates of Breast, Ovary, Endometrium and Cervix Cancers in Iran, 2005
Background: Cancer accounts for 12.6% of total deaths in the world (just after heart disease). Materials andMethods: Frequency and age-specific incidence rates of breast and gynecologic cancers in Iran are calculatedbased on the dataset of the National Cancer Registry of Iran in 2005. Results: Gynecologic and breast canceraccounted for 7.6% and 25.6% of total cancer cases, respectively. Ovarian cancer was the most frequentgynecologic cancer followed by endometrium. Endometrial cancer revealed the highest age specific incidencerate followed by ovary (after 59 years). Conclusions: Regarding disease burden, breast and gynecologic casesaccount for 33.4% of total cancer patients. The age specific incidence rate is a useful guide in epidemiologic andfuture plans.
Ovarian Cancer
cervical cancer
Endometrial cancer
gynecologic cancer
Iran
2014
06
01
2461
2464
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28941_03282c1064dac0728c6a781e9c94a0e2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Survival Results and Prognostic Factors in T4 N0-3 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients According to the AJCC 7th Edition Staging System
Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) published a new staging system (7th edition)in 2009. In our study, we evaluated the survival results and prognostic factors among T4 local advanced nonsmallcell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) patients in a large heterogeneous group, in accordance with this new system.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the files of 122 T4 N0-3 M0 LA-NSCLC patients, identifiedaccording to the new staging system, treated at two centers between November 2003 and June 2012. Variablescorrelating with univariate survival at p<0.20 were later included in multivariate Cox regression analysis. Here,selection of relevant predictors of survival was carried out in accordance with the likelihood ratio formulawith p<0.05 regarded as significant. Results: The median age was 60 and the median follow-up period was 17.4months. Median overall survival (OS) was 18.3 months, the 1 year overall survival (OS) rate was 72%, andthe 5 year OS rate was 28%. Statistically significant predictors of survival were (p<0.20) ECOG-PS (EasternCooperative Oncology Group Performance Status), age, T4 factor subgroup, stage and primary treatment inOS univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis for OS ECOG-PS (p=0.001), diagnostic stage (p=0.021), andprimary treatment (p=0.004) were significant. In the group receiving non-curative treatment, the median OSwas 11.0 months, while it was 19.0 months in the definitive RT group and 26.6 months in the curative treatmentgroup. There was a significant difference between the non-curative group and the groups which had definitiveRT and curative operations (respectively p<0.001 and p=0.001) in terms of OS, but not between the groupswhich had definitive RT and curative operations. The median event free survival (EFS) rate was 9.9 months,with rates of 46% and 19% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. On univariate analysis of EFS rate with ECOG-PS,weight loss and staging, statistical significance was found only for thorax computerized tomography (CT)+18Ffluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) use, stage and primary treatment (p<0.20). Inmultivariate analysis with EFS, only the primary treatment was statistically significant (p=0.001). In the groupreceiving non-curative treatment, the median EFS was 10.5 months while in the curative operation group it was14.7 months. When all the primary treatment groups were taken into consideration, grade III/IV side effectswas observed in 57 patients (46.6%). Esophagitis was most prominent among those that received definitiveradiotherapy. Conclusions: Independent prognostic factors among these 122 heterogeneous LA-NSCLC T4 N0-3M0 patients were age at diagnosis, ECOG-PS, stage and primary treatment, the last also being a significantprognostic indicator of EFS. Our findings point to the importance of appropriate staging and a multidisciplinaryapproach with modern imaging methods in this patient group. In those with T4 lesions, treatment selection andthe effective use of curative potential should be the most important goal of clinical care.
T4 local advanced non-small cell lung cancer
primary treatment
non-curative treatment
curative approach
2014
06
01
2465
2472
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28942_f35229639e308f29a60ec690cc783fda.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening and Associated Factors among Older Adult Women in South Africa
Background: Little is known about the cancer screening prevalence and correlates in older adults fromdifferent racial backgrounds. In the context of heightened efforts for prevention and early diagnosis, we collectedinformation on screening for two major types of cancers: cervical and breast cancer in order to establish theirprevalence estimates and correlates among older South African women who participated in the Study of GlobalAgeing and Adults Health (SAGE) in 2008. Materials and Methods: We conducted a national population-basedcross-sectional study with a multi-stage stratified cluster sample of 3,840 individuals aged 50 years or older inSouth Africa in 2008. In this analysis, we only considered the female subsample of (n=2202). The measures usedincluded socio-demographic characteristics, health variables, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements.Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the association of socio-demographic factors,health variables and cancer screening. Results: Overall, regarding cervical cancer screening, 24.3% ever hada Papanicolaou (PAP) smear test, and regarding breast cancer screening, 15.5% ever had a mammography.In multivariate logistic regression analysis, younger age, higher education, being from the White or Colouredpopulation group, urban residence, greater wealth, and suffering from two or more chronic conditions wereassociated with cervical cancer screening, and higher education, being from the White or Indian/Asian populationgroup, greater wealth, having a health insurance, and suffering from two or more chronic condtions wereassociated with breast cancer screening. Conclusions: Cancer screening coverage remains low among elderlywomen in South Africa in spite of the national guideline recommendations for regular screening in order toreduce the risk of dying from these cancers if not detected early. There is a need to improve accessibility andaffordability of early cervical and breast cancer screening for all women to ensure effective prevention andmanagement of cervical and breast cancer.
cancer
mammography
Papanicolaou smear test
chronic diseases
aged ≥50
South Africa
2014
06
01
2473
2476
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28943_5116620c9c844158e95adfa201f07fe1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Canola Oil Influence on Azoxymethane-induced Colon Carcinogenesis, Hypertriglyceridemia and Hyperglycemia in Kunming Mice
Azoxymethane (AOM) is a potent genotoxic carcinogen which specifically induces colon cancer. Hyperlipidemiaand diabetes have several influences on colon cancer development, with genetic and environmental exposureaspects. Here, we investigated plasma lipid and glucose concentrations in Kunming mice randomized into fourgroups; control (no AOM or oil exposure), AOM control, AOM + pork oil, and AOM + canola oil. Aberrantcrypt foci (ACF), plasma cholesterol, plasma triglyceride, plasma glucose and organ weight were examined 32weeks after AOM injection. Results revealed that AOM exposure significantly increased ACF number, plasmatriglyceride and glucose level. Further, male mice displayed a much higher plasma triglyceride level than femalemice in the AOM control group. Dietary fat significantly inhibited AOM-induced hypertriglyceridemia, andcanola oil had stronger inhibitory effect than pork oil. AOM-induced hyperglycemia had no sex-difference andwas not significantly modified by dietary fat. However, AOM itself not change plasma cholesterol level. AOMsignificantly increased liver and spleen weight in male mice, but decreased kidney weight in female mice. Onthe other hand, mice testis weight decreased when fed canola oil. AOM could induce colorectal carcinogenesis,hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia in Kunming mice at the same time, with subsequent studies requiredto investigate their genome association.
azoxymethane
Colon cancer
hypertriglyceridemia
Hyperglycemia
dietary fat
2014
06
01
2477
2483
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28944_dd781e2fbaabd54f9c5f827abdc7c47b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Epigenetic Regulation of Human Riboflavin Transporter 2(hRFT2) in Cervical Cancers from Uighur Women
In the present study, we studied the hypermethylation of the human riboflavin transporter 2 (hRFT2) gene andregulation of protein expression in biopsies from resected tissues from Uighur cervical squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC) patients and their neighboring normal tissues. hRFT2 gene promoter region methylation sequences weremapped in cervical cancer cell line SiHa by bisulfite-sequencing PCR and quantitative detection of methylatedDNA from 30 pairs of Uighur’s CSCCs and adjacent normal tissues by MassARRAY (Sequenom, San Diego, CA,USA) and hRFT2 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In SiHa, we identified 2 CG sitesmethylated from all of 12CpG sites of the hRFT2 gene. Analysis of the data from quantitative analysis of singleCpG site methylation by Sequenom MassARRAY platform showed that the methylation level between two CpGsites (CpG 2 and CpG 3) from CpG 1~12 showed significant differences between CSCC and neighboring normaltissues. However, the methylation level of whole target CpG fragments demonstrated no significant variationbetween CSCC (0.476±0.020) and neighboring normal tissues (0.401±0.019, p>0.05). There was a tendency fortranslocation the hRFT2 proteins from cytoplasm/membrane to nucleus in CSCC with increase in methylationof CpG 2 and CpG 3 in hRFT2gene promoter regions, which may relate to the genesis of CSCC. Our resultssuggested that epigenetic modifications are responsible for aberrant expression of the hRFT2 gene, and mayhelp to understand mechanisms of cervical carcinogenesis.
Cervical squamous cell carcinoma
riboflavin transporter gene
DNA Methylation
2014
06
01
2485
2489
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28945_a0abe769ef4417e34af6079ed8901c7a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Experimental Study on Residual Tumor Angiogenesis after Cryoablation
Objective: To explore the mechanism and significance of tumor angiogenesis by observing changes of microvesseldensity (MVD) and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in residual tumor tissuesafter cryoablation. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 nude mice xenograft models with transplanted lungadenocarcinoma cell line A549 were established and randomly divided into 3 groups when the maximum diameterof tumor reached 1 cm: control, cisplatin (DDP) and cryoablation. The nude mice were sacrificed after 21-dcryoablation to obtain the tumor tissues. Then immunohistochemistry was applied to determine MVD and theexpression of VEGF in tumor tissues. Results: The tumor volumes of control group, DDP group and cryoablationgroup were 1.48±0.14 cm3, 1.03±0.12 cm3 and 0.99±0.06 cm3 respectively and the differences were significant(P<0.01), whereas MVD values were 21.1±0.86, 24.7±0.72 and 29.2±0.96 (P<0.01) and the positive expressionrates of VEGF were 36.2±1.72%, 39.0±1.79% and 50.8±2.14% (P<0.01), respectively, showing that MVD wasproportional to the positive expression of VEGF (r=0.928, P<0.01). Conclusions: Cryoablation can effectivelyinhibit tumor growth, but tumor angiogenesis significantly increases in residual tumors, with high expressionof VEGF playing an important role in the residual tumor angiogenesis.
cryoablation
transplanted tumor
A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells
VEGF
microvessel density
2014
06
01
2491
2494
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28946_480bd0b276b4b32cd7afeec4d61733aa.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Lung Cancer in a Teaching Hospital in Iran
Background: Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the most frequent cause ofcancer-related death worldwide. In Iran, it ranks second and third as the cancer-causing death in men and women,respectively. We carried out this study to find out the demographic, clinical, and histological characteristics andrisk factors of lung cancer in a referral tertiary center in Iran. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study wasconducted on cases of primary lung cancer based on the results of registered cancer reports of cytological andpathological specimens between March 2001 and March 2012. Demographic variables, clinical manifestations,histology and location of tumors were determined based on the data found in the medical records of eachpatient. Definite or probable etiologic factors were identified. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version16 and a p-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 203 patients, with a mean age of 65.7years (SD=11.2), with primary lung cancer were identified, 81.3% being men. Of the total, 110 cases (54.2%)were living in urban areas. In 53.2% of cases, the site of tumor was on the right side and in 72.9% of cases thelesion was centrally located. The histological types of lung cancer were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 107cases (52.7%), adenocarcinoma (AC) in 30 cases (14.8%), and small cell carcinoma (SC) in 27 cases (13.3%).Significant correlations between the gender and residence, smoking, and the histological type and location(central or peripheral) of tumor were found. The percentage of smokers was 75.2% in men and 15.8% in women.Conclusions: Smoking was the most important risk factor and squamous cell carcinoma the most commonhistological type of lung cancer in our study. Male sex and being a smoker was associated with histological typesof SCC while being nonsmoker had relationship with adenocarcinoma.
Lung cancer
Epidemiology
histological type
risk factor
2014
06
01
2495
2500
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28947_883211e00cad06509e15c58b65049ced.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Lack of Prognostic Value of Mean Corpuscular Volume with Capecitabine Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Background: Capecitabine is an oral fluoropyrimidine derivative which is frequently used alone or incombination regimens for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Although overall and progression freesurvivals have increased in recent years with the use of new generation drugs, predictive factors that wouldfurther improve the outcomes are needed. Previous studies have demonstrated the relation between posttreatmentincrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and predicting therapy response as well as survival.The present study investigated the clinical impact of MCV elevation in metastatic breast cancer patients treatedwith capecitabine. Materials and Methods: The data of a total of 82 patients from three centers followed betweenJune 2005 and June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic data and hormone receptor statusof the patients, as well as initial examination before and after treatment and data concerning progression wererecorded. MCV ≥100 fl was considered as macrocytosis. Capecitabine was given at a dose of 2500 mg/m2 dailyfor 14 days every three weeks. Pre-treatment and post-treatment MCV and other parameters of complete bloodcount were recorded. Post-treatment initial evaluation was performed after 2 cycles of therapy. Results: Themedian age of the patients was 46.5 years (range 26-72 years) and 54% were premenopausal. Performance statuswas ECOG 0 and 1 in 81 (99%) patients. The median number of cycles for capecitabine therapy was 5 (minmax:2-18). The median ΔMCV level (post-treatment values at sixth week - baseline) was 6.4. Whilst ΔMCVwas ≥6.4 in 42 patients, it was <6.4 in 40 patients. Clinical benefit (complete response+partial response+stabledisease) was observed in 37 (88%) of 42 patients with a median ΔMCV ≥6.4 and in 30 (75%) of 40 patientswith ΔMCV <6.4 with no statistically significant difference (p=0.158). No significant difference was determinedbetween the group with ΔMCV ≥6.4 and the group with ΔMCV <6.4 in terms of progression-free survival (11 vs12 months) (p=0.55) and overall survival (20 months vs. 24 months) (p=0.11). Conclusions: The identification ofnew predictive markers in metastatic breast cancer is very important. In some recent studies, increase in MCVhas been suggested as a marker in tumor response. In the present study, however, no significant difference wasdetermined between tumor response and increase in MCV. Further studies including higher numbers of patientsare needed to determine whether increase in MCV is a predictive marker or not.
breast cancer
capecitabine
mean corpuscular volume
Prognostic factor
2014
06
01
2501
2504
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28948_16b5393b46f9e04ad4abb371ee15068c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Breast Cancers - Preliminary Results from a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern India
Background: The standard radiotherapy (RT) fractionation practiced in India and worldwide is 50Gyin 25 fractions over 5 weeks to the chest wall or whole breast followed by tumour bed boost in case of breastconservation (BCS). A body of validated data exists regarding hypofractionation in breast cancer. We herereport initial results for 135 patients treated at our center with the START-B type of fractionation. Materials andMethods: From May 2011 till July 2012, women with all stages of breast cancer (excluding metastatic), who hadundergone BCS or mastectomy were planned for 40Gy in 15 fractions over 3weeks to chest wall/whole breastand supraclavicular fossa (where indicated) followed by tumour bed boost in BCS patients. Planning was doneusing Casebow’s technique. The primary end point was to assess the acute toxicity and the cosmetic outcomes.Using cosmetic scales; patients were assessed during radiotherapy and at subsequent follow up visits with theradiation oncologist. Results: Of the 135 patients, 62 had undergone BCS and 73 mastectomy. Median age ofthe population was 52 years. Some 80% were T1&T2 tumours in BCS whereas most patients in mastectomygroup were T3&T4 tumours (60%). 45% were node negative in BCS group whilst it was 23% in the mastectomygroup. Average NPI scores were 3.9 and 4.9, respectively. Most frequently reported histopathology report wasinfiltrating ductal carcinoma (87%), grade III being most common (58%), and 69% were ER positive tumours,and 30% were Her 2 Neu positive. Triple negative tumours accounted for 13% and their mean age was young(43 yrs.) The maximum acute skin toxicity at the end of treatment was Grade 1 in 94% of the mastectomygrouppatients and 71% in BCS patients. Grade 2 toxicity was 6% in mast group and 23% in BCS group. Grade3 was 6% in BCS group, no grade 3 toxicity in mastectomy patients and there was no grade 4 skin toxicity inany case. Post RT at 1 month; 39% of BCS patients had persisting Grade I skin reaction which was only 2% inmastectomy patients. At 3 months post RT, 18% patients had persisting hyperpigmentation. At 6 months 8%patients had persisting erythema in the BCS group only. Some 3% BCS and 8% mastectomy patients had lymphedema till the date of evaluation. Cosmetic outcome in BCS patients remained good to excellent 6 months postsurgery and radiotherapy. 1 patient of BCS and 3 patients of mast had developed metastatic disease at the timeof evaluation. Conclusions: Hypofractionated RT is well tolerated in Indian population with reduced acute skintoxicity and good cosmetic outcome. Regimens such as these should be encouraged in other centers to increasemachine output time. The study is on-going to assess long term results.
Hypofractionation
breast cancer
Acute toxicity
skin toxicity
cosmetic outcome
India
2014
06
01
2505
2510
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28949_1bb3426702eb93106df1456c21d92773.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Targeted Efficacy of Dihydroartemisinin for Translationally Controlled Protein Expression in a Lung Cancer Model
Objective: Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with greatest morbidity and mortality around theworld. The keys to targeted therapy are discovery of lung cancer biomarkers to facilitate improvement of survivaland quality of life for the patients with lung cancer. Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is one ofthe most overexpressed proteins in human lung cancer cells by comparison to the normal cells, suggesting thatit might be a good biomarker for lung cancer. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the targeted efficacyof dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on TCTP expression in the A549 lung cancer cell model was explored. Resultsand Conclusions: DHA could inhibit A549 lung cancer cell proliferation, and simultaneously up-regulate theexpression of TCTP mRNA, but down-regulate its protein expression in A549 cells. In addition, it promotedTCTP protein secretion. Therefore, TCTP might be used as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target fornon-small cell lung cancers.
Translationally controlled tumor protein
NCSLC
dihydroartemisinin
Biomarker
targeted therapy
2014
06
01
2511
2515
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28950_e9d0482a79f61fe14a54916c23fad740.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Association Between the Pre-mir-218 Polymorphism and Cancer Risk in the Chinese Population: a Meta-Analysis
Background: Several recent studies have explored associations between pre-mir-218 polymorphism(rs11134527) and cancer risk. However, published data are still inconclusive. To obtain a more precise estimationof the relationship in the Chinese population, we carried out a meta-analysis for the first time. Materials andMethods: Through retrieval from the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science databases, China NationalKnowledge Infrastructure and the Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, a total of four studies wereanalyzed with 3,561 cases and 3,628 controls for SNP pre-mir-218 rs11134527. We calculated odds ratios (ORs)and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) to explore the strength of associations. Results: The results showedthat the rs11134527 polymorphism was associated with decreased cancer risk in GG versus AA and GG versusAA+AG models tested ( GG vs AA: OR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.71-0.94; GG vs AA+AG: OR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.74-0.96),and significantly decreased cervical cancer risk was observed in GG versus AA and GG versus AA+AG models(GG vs AA: OR=0.79, 95%CI: 0.66-0.94; GG vs AA+AG: OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.68-0.94). However, no significantassociation between the rs11134527polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma risk was observed in allcomparison models tested (AG vs AA: OR=0.94, 95%CI: 0.79-1.11; GG vs AA: OR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.70-1.10;GG+AG vs AA: OR=0.92, 95%CI: 0.79-1.08; GG vs AA+AG: OR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.75-1.11). Conclusion: Thefindings suggest that pre-miR-218 rs11134527 polymorphism may have some relation to cancer development inChinese. However, well-designed studies with larger sample size and more detailed data are needed to confirmthese conclusions.
pre-miR-218 rs11134527
Meta-analysis
cervical cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma
2014
06
01
2517
2522
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28951_d6e87ca4e65737d5c4a0ece490542092.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Importance of Postoperative Stimulated Thyroglobulin Level at the Time of 131I Ablation Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Background: Serum thyroglobulin detection plays an essential role during the follow-up of thyroid cancerpatients treated with total/near total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation. The aim of this retrospective studywas to evaluate the relationship between stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level at the time of high dose 131Iablation and risk of recurrence, using a three-level classification in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC) according to the ATA guidelines. Also we investigated the relationship between postoperative stimulatedTg at the time of ablation and DxWBS results at 8-10 months thereafter. Materials and Methods: Patientswith radioiodine accumulation were regarded as scan positive (scan+). If there was no relevant pathologicalradioiodine accumulation or minimal local accumulation in the thyroid bed region, this were regarded as scannegative (scan-) at the time of DxWBS. We classified patients in 3 groups as low, intermediate and high riskgroup for assessment of risk of recurrence according to the revised ATA guidelines. Also, we divided patients into3 groups based on the stimulated serum Tg levels at the time of 131I ablation therapy. Groups 1-3 consisted ofpatients who had Tg levels of ≤2 ng/ml, 2-10 ng/ml, and ≥10 ng/ml, respectively. Results: A total of 221 consecutivepatients were included. In the high risk group according to the ATA guideline, while 45.5% of demonstratedScan(+) Tg(+), 27.3% of patients demonstrated Scan(-) Tg(-); in the intermediate group, the figures were 2.3%and 90.0% while in the low risk group, they were 0.6% and 96.4%. In 9 of 11 patients with metastases (81.8%),stimulated serum Tg level at the time of radioiodine ablation therapy was over 10, however in 1 patient (9.1%)it was <2ng/mL and in one patient it was 2-10ng/mL (p=0.005). Aggressive subtypes of DTC were found in 8 of221 patients and serum Tg levels were ≤2ng/ml in 4 of these 8. Conclusions: We conclude that TSH-stimulatedserum thyroglobulin level at the time of ablation may not determine risk of recurrence. Therefore, DxWBSshould be performed at 8-12 months after ablation therapy.
thyroid carcinoma
radioiodine therapy
Thyroglobulin
I-131
2014
06
01
2523
2527
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28952_f386fe5cc1de9bab6cf9b8eddd26db8f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Knowledge about Cervical Cancer Early Warning Signs and Symptoms, Risk Factors and Vaccination among Students at a Medical School in Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among females and also the most preventable.In the literature there is abundant evidence that awareness regarding cervical cancer and its prevention is lowin the developing countries. Medical students are the future health professionals and can play an importantrole in increasing awareness among the general population. To assess the knowledge regarding symptoms, riskfactors and prevention of cervical carcinoma among medical students in th Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the presentstudy was planned. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administeredquestionnaire with students at the College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, KSA, from December2012 to May 2013. Results: The responses of 188 students (males 111, females 77) in their second, third, fourth,and fifth years were recorded and used in the data analysis. The majority of the students were not aware ofthe early warning signs, symptoms and risk factors. On average, only 43.7% males and 56% of females wereaware about the early signs and symptoms whereas 51.4% males and 57.8% females had knowledge about therisk factors of cervical cancers. Some 55% males and 46.8% females were unable to select the correct answerregarding human papilloma virus (HPV) infection as the cause of cervical cancer. Majority of the students (67%)were not aware about the availability of vaccine against HPV. Conclusions: Lack of knowledge regarding earlysigns and symptoms, risk factors and prevention of cervical cancer was observed in the present study.
cervical cancer
Medical students
Knowledge
HPV vaccine
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2014
06
01
2529
2532
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28953_bc3356a0faddad4dfec4e7094c2216c4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
New Insights into Autonomic Nerve Preservation in High Ligation of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery in Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Aim: To take a deeper insight into the relationship between the root of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)and the autonomic nerve plexuses around it by cadaveric anatomy and explore anatomical evidence of autonomicnerve preservation in high ligation of the IMA in laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. Methods: Anatomicaldissection was performed on 11 formalin-fixed cadavers and 12 fresh cadavers. Anatomical evidence-basedautonomic nerve preservation in high ligation of the IMA was performed in 22 laparoscopic curative resectionsof colorectal cancer. Results: As the upward continuation of the presacral nerves, the bilateral trunks of SHPhad close but different relationships with the root of the IMA. The right trunk of SHP ran relatively far awayfrom the root of IMA. When the apical lymph nodes were dissected close to the root of the IMA along the fasciaspace in front of the anterior renal fascia, the right trunk of SHP could be kept in suit under the anterior renalfascia. The left descending branches to SHP constituted a natural and constant anatomical landmark of therelationship between the root of IMA and the left autonomic nerves. Proximal to this, the left autonomic nervessurrounded the root of the IMA. Distally, the left trunk of the SHP departed from the root of IMA under theanterior renal fascia. When high ligation of the IMA was performed distal to it, the left trunk of SHP could bepreserved. The distance between the left descending branches to SHP and the origin of IMA varied widely from1.3 cm to 2.3 cm. Conclusions: The divergences of the bilateral autonomic nerve preservation around the rootof the IMA may contribute to provide anatomical evidence for more precise evaluation of the optimal positionof high ligation of the IMA in the future.
Autonomic nerves preservation
inferior mesenteric artery
high ligation
colorectal cancer
Anatomy
2014
06
01
2533
2539
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28954_7f1cce79793fde91f71b6a9b4204560a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Diagnosis and Therapy of Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: Clinical Analysis of 10 Cases
Background: Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PHNEC) is rarer than extrahepatic gastrointestinalneuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). It is difficult to make a correct diagnosis and poses a challenge for management.Materials and Methods: Ten PHNEC patients were admitted to our hospital from June 2006 to June 2011.Laboratory tests and imaging scans were performed for diagnosis and exclusion of extrahepatic NEC. All patientswere AFP - and CA199- . Seven patients had solid tumors with cystic changes on ultrasonography, CT and/orMRI. For the initial treatment, four patients received combined-therapy and six monotherapy. Consideringoverall treatment, six patients received combined-therapy and four patients monotherapy. Staging criteria ofprimary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC, AJCC 7th edition) were used to differentiate the stage of all patients:3 patients were stage Ⅰ, 2 stageⅡ, 4 patients stageⅢ and 1 stageⅣ. All patients were followed up and clinicaldata were gathered. Results: The median follow-up duration was 38.5 months. The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and6-year disease-free survival was 80.0%, 46.2% and 46.2% and 0% respectively. The overall survival rates were100%, 67.1%, 67.1% and 33.6% respectively. Patients in early-stages (Ⅰ/Ⅱ) had similar disease-free and overallsurvival as those in advanced-stages (Ⅲ/Ⅳ). Patients with monotherapy had significant shorter disease-freeand overall survival than the patients with combination-therapy. Conclusions: PHNEC has a unique specificityduring its occurrence and development. The staging criteria of PHC might not be suitable for the PHENT. Moreconvenient and effective features need to be found in imaging and laboratory detection. Surgical resection, TACE,chemotherapy and radiofrequency ablation should be performed in combination and actively for patients withPHNEC or recurrence to get the best effectiveness; they might extend the disease-free and overall survival.
neuroendocrine carcinoma
carcinoid tumor
Diagnosis
therapy
2014
06
01
2541
2546
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28955_49c8c9ecc7f45bcdce61f4e46363c849.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Perception of Patients with Cancer towards Support Management Services and Use of Complementary Alternative Medicine - a Single Institution Hospital-Based Study in Saudi Arabia
Background: To evaluate the perception of cancer patients toward treatment services and influencingfactors and to inquire about the use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM). Materials and Methods:Information was obtained through pre-tested structured questionnaires completed by cancer patients duringtreatment at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results: Of 242 patients, 137 (64.6%)accepted to enter this study. Most were Saudi (n=93, 68%), female (n= 80, 58%), educated at university (n=71,52%), married (n=97, 72%) and with breast cancer (n=36, 26%). One-hundred (73%) patients were satisfiedwith the services provided; 61% were Saudi. Ninety-four (68%) respondents were satisfied with the explanationof their cancer. Twenty-eight (21.6%) patients received CAM, of them 54.0% received herbal followed by rakia(21.0%), nutritional supplements/vitamins (7.0%) and Zamam water (18.0%), with significant differences amongthem (p =0.004). Seven (5%) patients believed this therapy could be used alone; 34 (25%) patients believed itcould be used with other treatments, regardless of whether they themselves used this therapy. Fifty-three (53%)satisfied patients felt they received enough support; 31 (58%) patients received support from family and friends;22 (41.6%) patients received support from the health-care team. Patients who received information about theirdisease from their physicians and those who felt they had enough support were more satisfied. The patientswho took alternative treatment were older age, mostly female and highly educated but values did not reachsignificance. Conclusions: We stress enhancing the educational and supportive aspects of cancer-patient servicesto improve their treatment satisfaction and emphasize the need for increasing the educational and awarenessprograms offered to these patients.
Perception
cancer
services
Support
complementary alternative medicine
Saudi Arabia
2014
06
01
2547
2554
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28956_9d2f72fdca77b480b00ab0bd1b840b96.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Diabetes Mellitus and HbA1c Levels Associated with High Grade Prostate Cancer
Pirpose: The aim of this study to analyze the association between history of diabetes mellitus (DM) with riskof prostate cancer (PCa) and cancer grade among men undergoing radical prostatectomy for PCa. Materialsand Methods: 50 patients with DM and 50 patients without DM who undervent radical prostatectomy (RP)were included in the study. Age at biopsy, height, weight, digital rectal examination (DRE), pre-biopsy PSAlevels, prostate volume, histopathologic diagnosis after surgery and gleason scores were collected data from allpatients. Histologic material obtained at biopsy was given a Gleason score; tumours with a Gleason score ≥7 wereconsidered high grade and <7 were considered low grade. Results: The mean age at the time of biopsy was 63.7in patients with DM and 61.6 in patients without DM. Diabetic men had significantly lower PSA levels (p=0.01).Mean PSA level 7.04±2.85 in patients with DM and 8.7±2.86 in patients without DM, respectively. Also, diabeticmen had higher RP tumor grade than men without DM (p=0.04). We found that HbA1c levels were higher inpatients who have high grade prostate cancer (p<0.05). Conclusions: Diabetic men undergoing RP have lowerPSA levels and have significantly higher grade PCa. We must be careful for screening PCa in patients with DM.Although the patients had lower PSA levels, they might have high grade disease.
Diabetes Mellitus
Prostate Cancer
HbA1c
Gleason score
PSA
2014
06
01
2555
2558
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28957_bd263e7bac8e99a917bd2ef5354f6ee9.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Expression and Prognostic Roles of TRPV5 and TRPV6 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer after Curative Resection
Purpose: We investigated the expression of epithelial Ca2+ channel transient receptor potential vanilloid(TRPV) 5 and 6 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and assessed their prognostic role in patients aftersurgical resection. Materials and Methods: From January 2008 to January 2009, 145 patients who had undergonesurgical resection of NSCLCs were enrolled in the study. Patient clinical characteristics were retrospectivelyreviewed. Fresh tumor samples as well as peritumor tissues were analyzed for TRPV5/6 expression usingimmune-histochemistry (IHC) and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Patients were grouped based on their TRPV5 and TRPV6 levels in the tumor tissues, followed up after surgery,and statistically analyzed to examine the prognostic roles of TRPV5 and TRPV6 on patients’ survival aftersurgical resection of NSCLCs. Results: Using IHC, among the 145 patients who had undergone surgical resectionof NSCLCs, strong protein expression (grade≥2) of TRPV5 and TRPV6 was observed in a lower percentageof primary tumor tissues than in non-tumor tissues of same patients. Similar findigns were obtained with theRT-PCR test for mRNA levels. Decreased overall mRNA levels of TRPV5 and TRPV6 were associated with aworse overall survival rate (p=0.004 and p=0.003 respectively) and shorter recurrence-free survival (p﹤0.001 andp﹤0.001 respectively). The combining effect of TRPV5 and TRPV6 on survival was further investigated usingmultivariate analysis. The results showed that a combination of low expression of TRPV5 and TRPV6 couldbe an independent predictor of poor recurrence-free survival (p=0.002). Conclusions: Decreased expression ofTRPV5/6 in tumor tissues was observed in NSCLC patients and was associated with shorter median survival timeafter surgical resection. Combined expression of TRPV5 and TRPV6 in tumor tissues demonstrated promisingprognostic value in NSCLC patients.
non-small-cell lung cancer
TRPV5
TRPV6
Prognostic marker
2014
06
01
2559
2563
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28958_2fb89a2e6435b8b01aa8580c569c553c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Aflatoxin B1 Promotes Cell Growth and Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells through H19 and E2F1
H19 is an imprinted oncofetal gene, and loss of imprinting at the H19 locus results in over-expression ofH19 in cancers. Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) is regarded as one of the most dangerous carcinogens. Exposure to AFB1would most easily increase susceptibility to diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) but any possiblerelationship between AFB1 and H19 is not clear. In present study, we found that AFB1 could up-regulate theexpression of H19 and promote cell growth and invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Knockingdown H19 RNA co ld reverse the effects of AFB1 on cell growth and invasion. In addition, AFB1 induced theexpression of E2F1 and its knock-down could down-regulate H19 expression and suppress cell growth andinvasion in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Furthermore, E2F1 over-expression could up-regulate H19expression and promote cell growth and invasion, with binding to the H19 promoter being demonstrated bychromatin immunoprecipitation assays (ChIP). In summary, our results suggested that aflatoxin B1could promotecell growth and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells through actions on H19 and E2F1.
H19
AFB1- cell growth and invasion
Hepatocellular carcinoma
E2F1
2014
06
01
2565
2570
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28959_75ccf5986d53209f57d0d359e15e620a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
The Exonuclease 1 Glu589Lys Gene Polymorphism and Cancer Susceptibility: Evidence Based on a Meta-analysis
Background: Published studies on the association between the exonuclease 1 (EXO1) Glu589Lys polymorphismand cancer susceptibility have yielded conflicting results. Thus, a meta-analysis of published studies was performedto assess the possible association. Materials and Methods: All eligible case-control studies published up to January2013 on the association between the EXO1 Glu589Lys polymorphism and cancer susceptibility were identified bysearching PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and hand search. Either fixed-effect or random-effect modelswere used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis software version 2.2. Results: A total of 4,391 cancer cases and 4,339 controls from 10 studieswere included. Overall, no significant association between the EXO1 Glu589Lys polymorphism and cancersusceptibility was observed in either genetic model. However; in subgroup analyses by cancer type, a significantassociation between EXO1 Glu589Lys and lung cancer risk was found (Lys vs Glu: OR=1.23, 95%CI=1.07-1.41, pheterogeneity=0.05). Further, subgroup analysis by ethnicity indicated that there was a statistically increasedcancer risk in Asians (Lys vs Glu: OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.30-1.55, pheterogeneity=0.07; Lys/Lys vs Glu/Glu: OR=1.93,95%CI=1.20-3.12, pheterogeneity=0.01; Lys/Lys+Glu/Lys vs Glu/Glu: OR=1.52, 95%CI=1.37-1.68, pheterogeneity=0.42;Lys/Lys vs Glu/Lys+Glu/Glu: OR=1.68, 95%CI=1.07-2.65, pheterogeneity=0.02). However, significant association wasabsent in Caucasians. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests, for the first time, that the EXO1 Glu589Lyspolymorphism is not associated with overall cancer susceptibility, although marginal associations were found forlung cancer and Asian subgroups. Additional well-designed studies with larger sample size focusing on differentethnicities and cancer types are needed to confirm these findings.
EXO1
Polymorphism
EXO1 Glu589Lys polymorphism
cancer susceptibility
Meta-analysis
2014
06
01
2571
2576
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28960_ea9a001c25d9cbf850cc54ae9960bf19.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Outcomes of Triple-Negative Versus Non-Triple-Negative Breast Cancers Managed with Breast-Conserving Therapy
Background: Triple negative breast cancer is associated with aggressive behavior and high risk of local andregional failure. Aggressive surgical intervention is considered suitable. This makes role of breast conservingtherapy (BCT) debatable in these patients. The objective of this study was to compare outcome of BCT for triplenegative versus non-triple negative breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients whounderwent breast conserving therapy from 1999 to 2009 at Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital and had completereceptor status information were extracted. Patients were divided into triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) andnon-TNBC. Patient characteristics, medical treatment modalities and adverse events were compared. Expectedfive year locoregional recurrence free, disease free and overall survival was calculated. The Cox proportionalhazard model was used to identify independent predictors of outcome. Results: A total of 194 patients with TNBCand 443 with non-TNBC were compared. Significant difference was present for age at presentation (p<0.0001),family history (p=0.005), grade (p<0.0001) and use of hormonal therapy (p<0.0001). The number of locoregionalfailures, distant failures and mortalities were not significantly different. No significant difference was present in5 year locoregional recurrence free (96% vs 92%, p=0.3), disease free (75% vs 74%, p=0.7) and overall survival(78% vs 83%, p=0.2). On multivariate analysis, tumor size, nodal involvement and hormonal treatment wereindependent predictors of negative events. Conclusions: Breast conserving therapy has comparable outcomesfor triple negative and non-triple negative breast cancers.
triple negative breast cancer
breast conservative therapy
outcome
2014
06
01
2577
2581
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28961_37d97134c4338106a3e2c899367d680e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Blending of Soybean Oil with Selected Vegetable Oils: Impact on Oxidative Stability and Radical Scavenging Activity
Background: Soybean oil may protect against cancer of the breast and prostate. It may also exert beneficialinfluence in combination with other oils. Here, blends (20%, v/v) of sea buckthorn oil (SEBO), camellia oil(CAO), rice bran oil (RBO), sesame oil (SEO) and peanut oil (PEO) with soybean oil (SBO) were formulated.Materials and Methods: Oxidative stability (OS) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) of SBO and blendsstored under oxidative conditions (60℃) for 24 days were studied. By blending with different kinds oils, levelsof polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased, while monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content increased.Progression of oxidation was followed by measuring peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine (PAV), conjugated dienes(CD) and conjugated trienes (CT). Results: Inverse relationships were noted between PV and OS at terminationof storage. Levels of CD and CT in SBO, and blends, increased with increase in time. The impact of SEO asadditives on SBO oxidation was the strongest followed by RBO, CAO, SEBO and PNO. Conclusions: Oxidativestability of oil blends was better than SBO, most likely as a consequence of changes in fatty acids and tocopherols’profile, and minor bioactive lipids found in selected oils. The results suggest that these oil blends could contributeas sources of important antioxidant related to the prevention of chronic diseases associated to oxidative stress,such as in cancer and coronary artery disease
Vegetable oil blends
Soybean oil
Oxidative stability
antiradical properties
2014
06
01
2583
2589
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28962_6a37f593ecadeeca1703c44818558b9c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Expression of ERCC1, MSH2 and PARP1 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Prognostic Value in Patients Treated with Platinum-based Chemotherapy
Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of the expression of excision repair cross-complementation groupl (ERCC1), MutS protein homolog 2 (MSH2) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) in non-small-cell lungcancer patients receiving platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Immunohistochemistrywas applied to detect the expression of ERCC1, MSH2 and PARP1 in 111 cases of non-small cell lung cancerparaffin embedded surgical specimens. Through og-rank survival analysis, we evaluated the prognostic valueof the ERCC1, MSH2, PARP1 and the related clinicopathological factors. COX regression analysis was used todetermine whether ERCC1, MSH2 and PARP1 were independent prognostic factors. Results: In the enrolled111 non-small cell lung cancer patients, the positive expression rate of ERCC1, MSH2 and RARP1 was 33.3%,36.9% and 55.9%, respectively. ERCC1 (P<0.001) and PARP1 (P=0.033) were found to be correlated with thesurvival time while there was no correlation for MSH2 (P=0.298). Patients with both ERCC1 and PARP1 negativecancer had significantly longer survival time than those with ERCC1 (P=0.042) or PARP1 (P=0.027) positivealone. Similalry, the survival time of patients with both ERCC1 and PARP1 positive cancer was shorter thanthose with ERCC1 (P=0.048) or PARP1 (P=0.01) positive alone. Conclusion: Patients with ERCC1 or PARP1negative non-small cell lung cancer appear to benefit from platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
DNA repair gene
ERCC1
MSH2
RARP1
non-small cell lung cancer
Prognosis
Chemotherapy
2014
06
01
2591
2596
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28963_57ffe7740da0f4a9465992a32d580dd0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention: Awareness and Meeting the Recommendations among Adult Saudis
Background: There is a scarcity of information about the proportion of the adult Saudi population thatmeet the recommended guidelines of physical activity (PA) to reduce cancer risk. Moreover, their awarenessabout the role of PA in cancer prevention is unclear. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed at estimatingthe proportion of adult Saudis meeting the PA guidelines, specifically those recommended by American CancerSociety (ACS) for cancer prevention, and to assess the public awareness about the role of PA in cancer prevention.Materials and Methods: Using a multistage sampling method, 2,127 adult Saudis of both genders were recruitedfrom 6 urban and 4 rural primary health care centers in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Participants were personallyinterviewed to gather information about their sociodemographic characteristics, searching activity about PA andcancer, and the time spent in leisure time PA (moderate and vigorous)/week using the Global Physical ActivityQuestionnaire with show cards. Finally, items about the role of PA in cancer risk reduction were inquired.Results: Of the included participants, 11.6% met the recommendations for cancer prevention (≥45 minutes ofmoderate-vigorous PA activity/≥5 days/week or 225 minutes/week). Multivariate regression showed that beingmale (AOR=1.49, CI=1.09-2.06), <20 years of age (AOR=3.11, CI=2.03-4.76), and unemployed (AOR=2.22,CI=1.57-3.18) were significant predictors for meeting PA recommendations for cancer prevention. Only 11.4%of the sample indicated correctly the frequency and duration of PA required for an average adult to be physicallyactive and while >70% of them indicated the role of PA in prevention of hypertension, coronary heart disease andlowering elevated blood cholesterol, only 18.6% and 21.7% correctly mentioned the role of PA in reducing colonand breast cancer risk, respectively. Poor knowledge was found among those with less than college educationand aged ≥50 years. The level of knowledge was significantly positively correlated with total leisure time PA ofthe participants. Conclusions: A minority of adult Saudis in Al Hassa was aware about the role of PA in cancerprevention and engaged in sufficient LTPA for cancer risk reduction benefits, highlighting the need for publichealth actions to include policies and programs that address factors deterring their participation in LTPA andincreasing their awareness with remedies to manage the prevalent misconceptions.
physical activity
Cancer Prevention
recommendations guidelines
Adults
Knowledge
Saudi Arabia
2014
06
01
2597
2606
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28964_07433c43e0f595399ccbb7f01b341b46.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
What is the Most Effective Strategy for Improving the Cancer Screening Rate in Japan?
Background: Cancer screening rates in Japan are much lower than those in Western countries. This studyevaluated the relationship between cancer screening rates and strategies used to improve screening rates, anddetermined which strategy is the most effective. Materials and Methods: All municipalities are responsible forconducting gastric, lung, colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screenings in Japan. Of the 1,746 municipalitiesin total, 92-99% were included in the analyses for each cancer screening. Using national data in 2009, thecorrelations between cancer screening rates and strategies for improving screening rates of all municipalities,both large (populations of over 30,000) and small (populations of under 30,000), were determined. The strategiesused were as follows: sending personal invitation letters, personal visits by community health workers, use of aclinical setting for screening, and free screening. Results: Of all four strategies used to improve cancer screeningrates, sending personal invitation letters had the highest correlations with all screening rates, with the exceptionof breast cancer screening. The partial correlation coefficients linking this strategy with the screening ratesin all municipalities were 0.28, 0.32, 0.30, and 0.26 for gastric, lung, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening,respectively. In large municipalities, the correlations between the number of examinees in a clinical setting andthe screening rates were also relatively high, particularly for cervical cancer screening (r=0.41). Conclusions:Sending personal invitation letters appears to be particularly effective in improving cancer screening rates inall municipalities. All municipalities should implement a system that sends personal invitation letters for cancerscreening. In large municipalities, increasing the availability of screening in a clinical setting is also effective inimproving cancer screening rates.
cancer screening
screening rate
strategy to increase participation- correlation
Japan
2014
06
01
2607
2612
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28965_c8c6270a01224cf53181b279efa9ed9d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Expression of Fas/FasL in CD8+ T and CD3+ Foxp3+ Treg Cells - Relationship with Apoptosis of Circulating CD8+ T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Aims: Dysfunction of the host immune system in cancer patients can be due to a number of factors, includinglymphocyte apoptosis. Several studies showed that Foxp3+T cells take part in inducing this process by expressingFasL in tumor patients. However, the relationship between apoptosis, CD8+T cells and Foxp3+T cells in HCCpatients is still unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the correlation between apoptosis levelsand Fas/FasL expression in CD8+T lymphocytes and Foxp3+T cells in patients with HCC. Methods: CD8+T cellsand CD3+Foxp3+T cells were tested from peripheral blood of HCC patients and normal controls and subjectedto multicolor flow cytometry. The expression of an apoptosis marker (annexin V) and the death receptor Fas inCD8+T cells and FasL in CD3+Foxp3+T cells were evaluated. Serum TGF-β1 levels in patients with HCC weremeasured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between apoptosis and Fas expression, aswell as FasL expression in CD3+Foxp3+T cells was then evaluated. Results: The frequency of CD8+T cells bindingannexin V and Fas expression in CD8+T cells, were all higher in HCC patients than normal controls and theproportion of apoptotic CD8+T cells correlated with their Fas expression. Serum TGF-β1 levels correlated inverselywith CD3+Foxp3+T cells. Conclusions: Fas/FasL interactions might lead to excessive turnover of CD8+T cellsand reduce anti-tumor immune responses in patients with HCC. Further investigations of apoptosis inductionin Fas+CD8+T cells in vitro are required.
Hepatocellular carcinoma
CD8+T lymphocytes-CD3+Foxp3+T cells
Apoptosis
Fas
Fas Ligand
2014
06
01
2613
2618
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28966_c31b9c6f7a32263aa67f27b58c89e12b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
EGF Reverses Multi-drug Resistance via the p-ERK Pathway in HepG2/ADM and SMMC7721/ADM Hepatocellular Carcinoma Models
Aim: To investigate signaling pathways for reversal of EGF-mediated multi-drug resistance (MDR) inhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models. Materials and Methods: HCC MDR cell strain HepG2/adriamycin(ADM) and SMMC7721/ADM models were established using a method of exposure to medium with ADMbetween low and high concentration with gradually increasing concentration. Drug sensitivity and reversalof multi-drug resistance by EGF were determined and the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzedby flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of ERK1, ERK2, ERK5 and expression of Bim were detected by Westernblotting. Results: The results showed that HepG2/ADM and SMMC7721/ADM cells were resistant not only toADM, but also to multiple anticancer drugs. When used alone, EGF had no anti-tumor activity in HepG2/ADMand SMMC7721/ADM cells in vitro, while it increased the cytotoxicity of ADM. EGF induced cell apoptosis andG0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in HepG2/ADM And SMMC7721/ADM cells, while enhancing activity of p-ERKsand up-regulated expression of BimEL. Conclusions: EGF might enhance the chemosensitivity of HepG2/ADMand SMMC7721/ADM cells via up-regulating p-ERKs and BimEL protein.
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Multi-drug resistance
EGF
ERK
BimEL
2014
06
01
2619
2623
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28967_545012728564b16845e8dee5309de563.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Serum Levels of Trace Elements in Patients with Prostate Cancer
Background: Trace elements are major components of biological structures; however, excessive levels ofthese elements can be toxic. Materials and Methods: In the present study, serum levels of trace elements weremeasured in 30 patients with newly diagnosed as prostate cancer and 32 healthy volunteer by using furnaceatomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: It was found that there was an increase in serum levels of Co,Cu, Mg and Pb (p<0.05), whereas a decrease in serum levels of Fe, Mn, and Zn levels in patients with prostatecancer (p<0.05). Conclusions: These changes may be important in the pathogenesis of prostate cancers; however,further prospective studies are needed to identify relationships between prostate cancer and trace elements.
Prostate Cancer
Trace element
patient serum levels
2014
06
01
2625
2629
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28968_205f49d3cb00be6cc0bed48d4507b2a3.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Lack of Association of Intron 3 16 bp Polymorphism of TP53 with Breast Cancer among Iranian-Azeri Patients
Background: p53 gene is a well-known tumor suppressor gene that has several polymorphisms in both itsexons and introns. It has been suggested that intron 3 16 bp duplication polymorphism may affect the genefunction resulting in reduction or suppression of p53 anti tumor activity. In most case control studies a duplicatedallele has been noticeably more frequent in cases rather than controls but there are also conflicting results. Theaim of this study was to assess the association of intron 3 16 bp duplication polymorphism of p53 with breastcancer risk among Iranian-Azeri population. We also analyzed the clinicopathological information of patientsas an epidemiological description of breast cancer in the north-west of Iran. Materials and Methods: This casecontrolstudy was performed on 221 breast cancer patients and 170 controls. Genomic DNA was extracted fromperipheral blood samples and tumor tissues. p53 PIN3 genotype was determined using electrophoresis of PCRproducts on 8% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels and silver staining. Results: In the control and case groups,respectively, 62.9% and 61.1% had no 16 bp insertion (A1A1 genotype), 7.1% and 7.7% had insertion in bothp53 alleles (A2A2) and 30% and 31.2% were heterozygous (A1A2). There was no significant difference betweengenotype frequencies as well as allelic frequencies in two case and control groups. Conclusions: According tothe result of the present study, the intron 3 16 bp duplication polymorphism of p53 could not be assessed as amarker of risk factor for predisposition to breast cancer in Azeri population. However, a high frequency of A2allele (22.1%) in our population suggested that intron 3 16 bp duplication polymorphism may be a valuablemarker for study in other cancers with well designed large groups.
Intron 3
p53 gene
Polymorphism
breast cancer
2014
06
01
2631
2634
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28969_f2c18a465075c0fab6cff1dc8573b6aa.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Mini-Array of Multiple Tumor-associated Antigens (TAAs) in the Immunodiagnosis of Esophageal Cancer
Sera of cancer patients may contain antibodies that react with a unique group of autologous cellular antigenscalled tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). The present study aimed to determine whether a mini-array ofmultiple TAAs would enhance antibody detection and be a useful approach in esophageal cancer detection anddiagnosis. Our mini-array of multiple TAAs consisted of eleven antigens, p53, pl6, Impl, CyclinB1, C-myc, RalA,p62, Survivin, Koc, CyclinD1 and CyclinE full-length recombinant proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbentassays (ELISA) were used to detect autoantibodies against eleven selected TAAs in 174 sera from patients withesophageal cancer, as well as 242 sera from normal individuals. In addition, positive results of ELISA wereconfirmed by Western blotting. In a parallel screening trial, with the successive addition of antigen to a finaltotal of eleven TAAs, there was a stepwise increase in positive antibody reactions. The eleven TAAs were the bestparallel combination, and the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing esophageal cancer was 75.3% and 81.0%,respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 74.0% and 82.0%, respectively, indicating that theparallel assay of eleven TAAs raised the diagnostic precision significantly. In addition, the levels of antibodies toseven antigens, comprising p53, Impl, C-myc, RalA, p62, Survivin, and CyclinD1, were significantly different invarious stages of esophageal cancer, which showed that autoantibodies may be involved in the pathogenesis andprogression of esophageal cancer. All in all, this study further supports our previous hypothesis that a combinationof antibodies might acquire higher sensitivity for the diagnosis of certain types of cancer. A customized miniarrayof multiple carefully-selected TAAs is able to enhance autoantibody detection in the immunodiagnosis ofesophageal cancer and autoantibodies to TAAs might be reference indicators of clinical stage.
Esophageal Cancer
tumor-associated antigen
autoantibody
Diagnosis
2014
06
01
2635
2640
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28970_138c17aced670dcf9d256ed8d3f1f4d4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Glycididazole Sodium Combined with Radiochemotherapy for Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Background: To evaluate efficacy and side effects of glycididazole sodium (CMNa) combined withchemotherapy (cisplatin plus 5-FU/folic acid, PLF) and radiotherapy in treating patients with locally advancednasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Patients with Ⅲ~Ⅳ stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC),were randomly divided into treatment group (46 patients) and control group (45 patients). Both groupsreceived radiotherapy concomitant with PLF chemotherapy. The treatment group at the same time cwas givenCMNa (800 mg/m2 before radiotherapy), by l h intravenous drip, three times a week. Results: When the doseof radiation was over 60 Gy, complete response rates of nasopharyngeal tumor and lymph node metastases intreatment group were significantly higher than in the control group (93.5% vs 77.8%; 89.1% vs 93.5%, p<0.05).Three months after radiotherapy, complete response rate of nasopharynx cancer and lymph node metastasesin treatment group was both 97.8%, again higher than in the control group (84.4% and 82.2%) (p<0.05). In thetreatment group, 1, 3, 5 year disease-free survival rates were 95.7%, 86.7% and 54.5%; and in control group,the corresponding disease-free survival rates were 93.3%, 66.2% and 38.6%, respectively, the difference beingstatistically significant (log-rank =5.887, p=0.015). One, 3, 5 year overall survival rates in two groups of patientswere 97.8%, 93.5%, 70.4% and 95.5%, 88.07%, 48.4%, respectively, again with a statistically significant difference(log-rank=6.470, p=0.011). Acute toxicity and long-term radiotherapy related toxicity in the two groups did notdiffer (p>0.05). Conclusions: Glycididazole sodium could improve curative effects without increasing adversereactions when treating paitents with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Nasopharyngeal cancer
glycididazole sodium
radiotherapy
Toxicity
Prognosis
2014
06
01
2641
2646
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28971_f255fa580e8c962ed74bffe8cc6bebd9.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Pretreatment Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Aid in Colorectal Cancer
Background: Colorectal cancers(CRC) are the third most common cancer in the western world, with surgerypreferred for management of non-metastatic disease and post surgical treatment usually arranged according tothe TNM staging system. However, there is still prognostic variation between patients who have the same stage. Itis increasingly recognized that variations within disease course and clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patientsare influenced by not only oncological characteristics of the tumor itself but also host response factors. Recentstudies have shown correlation between the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in various cancers.The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been described as a marker for immune response to various stimuliincluding cancer. Material-Methods: Two hundred eighty-one CRC patients were included in our retrospectiveanalysis, separated into two groups according to a cut-off value for the NLR. Patient data including age, gender,vertical penetration, anatomic location, and differentiation of the tumor, TNM stage, survival rate, and diseasefreesurvival were analyzed for correlations with the NLR. Results: Using ROC curve analysis, we determined acut-off value of 2.2 for NLR to be best to discriminate between patient survival in the whole group. In univariateanalysis, high pretreatment NLR (p=0.001, 95%CI 1.483-4.846), pathologic nodal stage (p<0.001, 95%CI 1.082-3.289) and advanced pathologic TNM stage (p<0.001, 95%CI 1.462-4.213) were predictive of shorter survival. Inmultivariate analysis, advanced pathologic TNM stage (p=0.001, 95%CI 1.303-26.542) and high pretreatmentNLR (p=0.005, 95%CI 1.713-6.378) remained independently associated with poor survival. Conclusions: Highpre-treatment NLR is a significant independent predictor of shorter survival in patients with colorectal cancer.This parameter is a simple, easily accessible laboratory value for identifying patients with poorer prognosis.
colorectal cancer
inflammatory response
neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio
Prognosis
2014
06
01
2647
2650
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28972_0f627627ec25efc4ac9231bd189374d8.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Elevated Serum Neutrophil to Lymphocyte and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratios Could be Useful in Lung Cancer Diagnosis
Background: Lung cancer (LC) is still the primary cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and late diagnosis is amajor obstacle to improving lung cancer outcomes. Recently, elevated preoperative or pretreatment neutrophilto lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) detected inperipheral blood were identified as independent prognostic factors associated with poor survival with variouscancers, including colon cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer. Objective: The aim ofthis study was to examine whether MPV, NLR and PLR could be useful inflammatory markers to differentiatelung cancer patients from healthy controls. An investigation was also made of the relationship between thesemarkers and other prognostic factors and histopathological subgroups. Materials and Methods: Retrospectivelyeighty-one lung cancer patients and 81 age-sexes matched healthy subjects included into the study. Patientswith hypertension, hematological and renal disease, heart failure, chronic infection, hepatic disorder and othercancer were excluded from the study. The preoperative or pretreatment blood count data was obtained fromthe recorded computerized database. Results: NLR and PLR values were significantly higher in the LC patientscompared to the healthy subjects.( NLR: 4.42 vs 2.45 p=0.001, PLR: 245.1 vs 148.2 p=0.002) MPV values weresimilar in both groups (7.7 vs 7.8). No statistically significant relationship was determined between these markers(MPV, NLR and PLR) and histopathological subgroups and TNM stages. Conclusions: NLR and PLR can beuseful biomarkers in LC patients before treatment. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm thesefindings.
Lung cancer
Platelets
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Ratios
2014
06
01
2651
2654
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28973_c66bc9d0bdff44ce1d68abfbad98ce02.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Talin-1 Correlates with Reduced Invasion and Migration in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Background: Talin-1 is a cytoskeleton protein that participates in cell migration and plays a role in tumorformation, migration, and metastasis in different types of cancer. Chinese investigators have observed that thelevels of Talin-1 protein and mRNA expression in HCC tissues are significantly lower than in the adjacent noncanceroustissue. However, Japanese investigators have reported that Talin-1 is upregulated in HCC. Tln2 ashomologous gene of Tln-1, which encodes a very similar protein, but the role of Talin-2 is very little known inprimary liver cancer (PLC). We investigated whether the expression of Talin-1 in PLC may be associated with thehistological subtype as well as the role of Talin-1 in tumor cell invasion and migration using human hepatocellularcarcinoma cell lines. Materials and Methods: We measured the mRNA expression levels of Talin-1 and Talin-2 infive human liver cancer cell lines and normal human liver cell (LO2 cell line) by real-time PCR and the proteinexpression levels of Talin-1 by Western blot. Migration and invasion of the cells were assessed using transwellassays and cell scratch experiments, respectively, and proliferation was assessed by soft AGAR colony formation.Results: Talin-1 and Talin-2 expression differed significantly between the five human liver cancer cell lines andLO2 cell line (p<0.05). Compared with the LO2 cell line, the invasion and migration capabilities of the five cancercell lines differed significantly (p<0.05). Similarly, the colony-forming ability differed (p<0.05). Conclusions: Highlevels of Talin-1 expression are correlated with reduced invasion and migration as well as decreased malignancyin human liver cancer cell lines; the suppression of Talin-1 promotes invasion and migration. In addition, Talin-2may be correlated with invasion and migration in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepatocellular carcinoma
HCC
Talin-1
Talin-2
migration
Invasion
Cell lines
2014
06
01
2655
2661
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28974_3b3f4ca2b7c96e5686b35ec97f816666.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Genotype CC of rs1800947 in the C-Reactive Protein Gene May Increase Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer: a Meta-Analysis
Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been shown to be relatedto circulating CRP level, risk and prognosis in cancer patients. However, accumulating evidence of rs1800947involvement in risk of cancer is inconsistent. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to obtain a more preciserelationship. Materials and Methods: The pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval were assessedin 10 eligible articles with 12 studies containing 5,601 cancer cases and 8,669 cancer-free controls. Results: Nosignificant association was observed overall and in subgroups in comparison of genotype GC vs GG (PH=0.847,OR=0.939, 95%CI=0.810-1.087), GC/CC vs GG (PH=0.941, OR=1.021, 95%CI=0.901-1.157) and allele C vs G(PH=0.933, OR=1.026, 95%CI=0.909-1.159). However, statistically significance was evident in comparison ofgenotype CC vs GG in cancer risk (PH=0.586, OR=2.854, 95%CI= 1.413-5.763), especially in colorectal cancer(PH=0.481, OR=4.527, 95%CI= 1.664- 12.315). Conclusions: Genotype CC of rs1800947 in the CRP gene isstrongly associated with increased cancer risk, particularly in colorectal cancer.
C-reactive protein gene
rs1800947
colorectal cancer
risk factor
2014
06
01
2663
2667
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28975_e6520c0c213255f2b4cd6127d322ea3b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Profile of Colorectal Polyps: a Retrospective Study from King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Aim: To evaluate the predominant colorectal polyps in the Almadinah region of Saudi Arabia. Materials andMethods: In this iretrospective study, we analyzed pathology reports of colonoscopies performed in King FahadHospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia during the period 2006 to 2013. Data based on patient age, gender, size, siteand type of polyps and the degree of dysplasia were analyzed by software SPSS 17 and compared with otherpublished studies from different geographic regions of the world. Results: During these years, 224 patients hadcolonic polyps, of whom 149 (66.5%) were men and 75 (33.5%) were women. The most common types of polypswere adenomatous (166), followed by hyperplastic polyps (24), juvenile (18), inflammatory (13), lipomatous(2) and one patient with Peutz-Jegher polyps. Tubulovillous adenoma was the commonest adenomatous polyp(102), followed by tubular (41) and villous (23) types. The sigmoid colon was the most commonly involved region(36.6%). Dysplasia was significantly associated with female patients who had large size tubulovillous polypslocated in the left colon. Conclusions: The type and distribution of colorectal polyps in Saudi Arabia is verysimilar to Western countries. Patient gender, and size, histological type and location of polyps are closely relatedto dysplastic change in colonic polyps.
Colorectal polyps
histological type
dysplasia
factors
Saudi Arabia
2014
06
01
2669
2673
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28976_19ecfdfaaad8c7357ed55e0336c0180c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Risk Factors in French Polynesia
Background: To investigate differentiated thyroid cancer risk factors in natives of French Polynesia is ofinterest because of the very high incidence of this cancer in the archipelago. Materials and Methods: To assessthe role of various potential risk factors of thyroid cancer in the natives of French Polynesia we performed acase-control study. The study included almost all the French Polynesians diagnosed with differentiated thyroidcarcinoma between 1981 and 2003 (n=229) and 373 French Polynesian control individuals from the generalpopulation without cancer. Results: Thyroid radiation dose received from nuclear fallout before the age of15, a personal history of neck or/and head medical irradiation, obesity, tallness, large number of children, anartificial menopause, a familial history of thyroid cancer, a low dietary iodine intake, and having a spring asthe main source of drinking water were found to be significant risk factors. No roles of smoking habits, alcoholconsumption, iodine containing drugs, and exposure to pesticides were evidenced. Conclusions: Except forsmoking, differentiated thyroid carcinoma risk factors in natives of French Polynesia are similar to those inother populations. Our finding on the role of having a spring as a drinking water origin is coherent with someother studies and could be due to geological factors.
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma
nuclear test
French Polynesia
radiation induced cancer
2014
06
01
2675
2680
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28977_5e2e8acb83cd41b58ce3e4d7400a893a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Drainage Alone or Combined with Anti-tumor Therapy for Treatment of Obstructive Jaundice Caused by Recurrence and Metastasis after Primary Tumor Resection
Aim: To compare drainage alone or combined with anti-tumor therapy for treatment of obstructive jaundicecaused by recurrence and metastasis after primary tumor resection. Materials and Methods: We collect 42 patientswith obstructive jaundice caused by recurrence and metastasis after tumor resection from January 2008 - August2012, for which percutaneous transhepatic catheter drainage (pTCD)/ percutaneous transhepatic biliary stenting(pTBS) were performed. In 25 patients drainage was combined with anti-tumor treatment, antineoplastic therapyincluding intra/postprodure local treatment and postoperative systemic chemotherapy, the other 17 undergoingdrainage only. We assessed the two kinds of treatment with regard to patient prognosis. Results: Both treatmentsdemonstrated good effects in reducing bilirubin levels in the short term and promoting liver function. The timeto reobstruction was 125 days in the combined group and 89 days in the drainage only group; the mean survivaltimes were 185 and 128 days, the differences being significant. Conclusions: Interventional drainage in thetreatment of the obstructive jaundice caused by recurrence and metastasis after tumor resection can decreasebilirubin level quickly in a short term and promote the liver function recovery. Combined treatment prolongsthe survival time and period before reobstruction as compared to drainage only.
Metastatic tumor - surgical excision - jaundice - interventional treatment
- antineoplastic therapy
2014
06
01
2681
2684
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28978_c34ed1b34c2e513d405a08b261d4ce8b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ Lymphocyte Subgroups and their Surface Receptors NKG2D and NKG2A in Patients with Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Background: To explore the prevalence of lymphocyte subgroups CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ and their surfacereceptors NKG2D and NKG2A in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Atotal of 40 patients with NSCLC were divided into different groups according to different clinical factors (TNMstaging, pathological patterns and genders) for assessment of relations with CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ and thesurface receptors NKG2D and NKG2A of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Results: Patientsin the advanced group had evidently lower levels of CD3+ CD4+ but markedly higher levels of CD3+ CD8+ inperipheral blood than those with early lesions (p<0.05). In addition, NSCLC patients in the advanced group hadobviously higher CD3+ CD4+ NKG2D and CD3+ CD8+ NKG2A expression rates but lower CD3+ CD4+ NKG2A andCD3+ CD8+ NKG2D expression rates (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between NSCLCpatients with different genders and pathological patterns in expression levels of lymphocyte subgroups CD3+CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ and their surface receptors NKG2D and NKG2A. Conclusions: Unbalanced expressionof surface receptors NKG2D and NKG2A in CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ lymphocytes may be associated witha poor prognosis, greater malignancy and immunological evasion by advanced cancers, related to progressionof lung cancer.
non-small cell lung cancer
lymphocyte subgroup
Blood
flow cytometer
2014
06
01
2685
2688
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28979_10842dbf055508acf8cc4d42036d5d9b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Risk Factors for Appendiceal Metastasis with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Purpose: To investigate the risk factors for appendiceal metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer and comparefindings with the previous studies. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-four patients withepithelial ovarian cancer were assessed in this study. All of them had undergone a surgical procedure includingappendectomy. Of these, 21 (15.7%) patients who had appendiceal metastasis were analyzed as the case groupand the patients with no metastasis were the controls, compared according to stage, grade, histology of tumor,preoperative Ca125 levels, presence of ascites, peritoneal cytology, diameter and site of tumor considered asrisk factors. Results: We found statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of stage, grade,right-sided tumor location, presence of ascites, diameter of tumor≥10 cm and positive peritoneal cytology(p<0.05). In the logistic regression model, stage, grade, presence of ascites, right-sided location and diameter oftumor were independent risk factors. ROC curve analysis showed that stage, grade and diameter of the tumorwere discriminative factors for appendiceal metastasis. Conclusions: In epithelial ovarian cancer, stage, grade,presence of ascites, right-sided location and large tumor size have importance for estimation of risk of appendicealmetastasis. As we compare our findings with previous studies, there is no definite recommendation for the riskfactors of appendiceal metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer and more studies are needed.
Appendix
Metastasis
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
2014
06
01
2689
2692
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28980_adb926b682a417ce52189e2fba6082dd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Counts of Slackia sp. strain NATTS in Intestinal Flora are Correlated to Serum Concentrations of Equol both in Prostate Cancer Cases and Controls in Japanese Men
Background: Isoflavones, which are included in soybeans, have been suggested to protect against prostatecancer. Equol, one of isoflavones, is an intestinally derived bacterial metabolite of daidzein. A newly identifiedequol-producing bacterium, Slackia sp. strain NATTS, with a high equol-producing activity was isolated fromhuman feces in Japanese adults. Counts of Slackia sp. strain NATTS in intestinal flora have not been assessedwith regard to prostate cancer risk. In this study, we investigated the association of serum isoflavones andcounts of Slackia sp. strain NATTS with prostate cancer risk in a case-control study. Materials and Methods:Concentrations of isoflavones and counts of Slackia sp. strain NATTS in feces were measured from 44 patientswith prostate cancer and 28 hospital controls. The risk of prostate cancer was evaluated in terms of odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by the logistic regression analysis. Results: The detection proportions ofSlackia sp. strain NATTS in cases and controls were 34.1% and 25.0%, respectively. Counts of Slackia sp. strainNATTS were significantly correlated with serum concentrations of equol both in cases and controls (Spearmancorrelation coefficients, rs=0.639 and rs=0.572, p<0.01, respectively). Serum concentrations of genistein, daidzein,glycitein, and equol were not significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer. Conclusions: This study foundthat counts of Slackia sp. strain NATTS correlated with serum concentrations of equol both in prostate cancercases and controls, but serum isoflavone concentrations were not associated with risk of prostate cancer in ourpatients.
Slackia sp. strain NATTS
equol
Daidzein
Prostate Cancer
Japanese men
2014
06
01
2693
2697
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28981_3bffc5c3878943d666468f98ba192abb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Impact of AhR, CYP1A1 and GSTM1 Genetic Polymorphisms on TP53 R273G Mutations in Individuals Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
This study was to undertaken to investigate the impacts of AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms onthe R273G mutation in exon 8 of the tumor suppressor p53 gene (TP53) among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) exposed to coke-oven workers. One hundred thirteen workers exposed to PAH and 82 control workerswere recruited. We genotyped for polymorphisms in the AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1, and TP53 R273G mutation inblood by PCR methods, and determined the levels of 1-hydroxypyrene as PAH exposure marker in urine usingthe high pressure liquid chromatography assay. We found that the distribution of alcohol users and the urinaryexcretion of 1-OHP in the exposed workers were significantly higher than that of the control workers (p=0.004,p<0.001, respectively). Significant differences were observed in the p53 genotype distributions of smokingsubjects (p=0.01, 95%CI: 1.23-6.01) and PAH exposure (p=0.008, 95%CI: 1.24-4.48), respectively. Further,significant differences were observed in the p53 exon 8 mutations for the genetic polymorphisms of Lys/Argfor AhR (p=0.02, 95%CI: 0.70-15.86), Val/Val for CYP1A1 (p=0.04, 95%CI: 0.98-19.09) and null for GSTM1(p=0.02, 95%CI: 1.19-6.26), respectively. Our findings indicated that polymorphisms of PAH metabolic genes,such as AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1 polymorphisms may interact with p53 genetic variants and may contribute toPAH related cancers.
2014
06
01
2699
2705
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28982_8f472880788f5ea30349ab3fdddfae0d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Modification of a Smoking Motivation Questionnaire for Chinese Medical Students
Introduction: Smoking prevalence among the medical students is high in China. Therefore, understandingthe smoking motivations of medical students is crucial for smoking control, but currently there are no scalesquestionnaires customized for probing the smoking motivations of medical students. This aim of study wasto test and modify a questionnaire for investigating smoking motivations among medical students. Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,125 medical students at Xuzhou Medical College in China in2012.The model fit and validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the reliability was testedby single-item reliability, composite reliability, and item-total correlation. Results: The prevalence of smokingwas 9.84 % among study population. In the modified scales, the global fit indices identified a CFI value of 0.96,TLI was 0.96, and the RMSEA was 0.063. CFA supported the two dimensional structure of the instrument. Theaverage variance extracted ranged from 0.45 to 0.62. All single-item reliability scores were greater than 0.20,and the composite reliability ranged from 0.74 to 0.91. Conclusion: Modified scales could be the preliminaryinstrument used in evaluating the smoking motivations of medical students. However, it should be further assessedusing other forms and methods of validity and reliability, additional motivations of smoking, and the survey ofother medical colleges in China.
Smoking motivation questionnaire
Medical students
validity and reliability
2014
06
01
2707
2711
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28983_ab1f1f91651920e2538c5ce86ef19c69.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Changes in Economic Status of Households Associated with Catastrophic Health Expenditures for Cancer in South Korea
Background: Cancer imposes significant economic challenges for individuals, families, and society. Householdsof cancer patients often experience income loss due to change in job status and/or excessive medical expenses.Thus, we examined whether changes in economic status for such households is affected by catastrophic healthexpenditures. Materials and Methods: We used the Korea Health Panel Survey (KHPS) Panel 1st-4th (2008-2011 subjects) data and extracted records from 211 out of 5,332 households in the database for this study. Toidentify factors associated with catastrophic health expenditures and, in particular, to examine the relationshipbetween change in economic status and catastrophic health expenditures, we conducted a generalized linearmodel analysis. Results: Among 211 households with cancer patients, 84 (39.8%) experienced catastrophic healthexpenditures, while 127 (40.2%) did not show evidence of catastrophic medical costs. If a change in economicstatus results from a change in job status for head of household (job loss), these households are more likely toincur catastrophic health expenditure than households who have not experienced a change in job status (oddsratios (ORs)=2.17, 2.63, respectively). A comparison between households with a newly-diagnosed patient versushouseholds with patients having lived with cancer for one or two years, showed the longer patients had cancer,the more likely their households incurred catastrophic medical costs (OR=1.78, 1.36, respectively). Conclusions:Change in economic status of households in which the cancer patient was the head of household was associatedwith a greater likelihood that the household would incur catastrophic health costs. It is imperative that the Koreangovernment connect health and labor policies in order to develop economic programs to assist households withcancer patients.
Job status
cancer
Household
catastrophic health expenditure
Korea
2014
06
01
2713
2717
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28984_f73bcbf0b5730683b32c96bf2c15cf07.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Methylation of SFRPs and APC Genes in Ovarian Cancer Infected with High Risk Human Papillomavirus
Background: Secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) genes, new tumor suppressor genes, are negativeregulators of the Wnt pathway whose alteration is associated with various tumors. In ovarian cancer, SFRPsgenes promoter methylation can lead to gene inactivation. This study investigated mechanisms of SFRP andadenomatous polyposis coli (APC) genes silencing in ovarian cancer infected with high risk human papillomavirus.Materials and Methods: DNA was extracted from 200 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ovarian cancer and theirnormal adjacent tissues (NAT) and DNA methylation was detected by methylation specific PCR (MSP). High riskhuman papillomavirus (HPV) was detected by nested PCR with consensus primers to amplify a broad spectrumof HPV genotypes. Results: The percentages of SFRP and APC genes with methylation were significantly higherin ovarian cancer tissues infected with high risk HPV compared to NAT. The methylated studied genes wereassociated with suppression in their gene expression. Conclusion: This finding highlights the possible role of thehigh risk HPV virus in ovarian carcinogenesis or in facilitating cancer progression by suppression of SFRP andAPC genes via DNA methylation.
Ovarian Cancer
HPV
DNA Methylation
SFRPs and APC genes
MSP
Wnt pathway
2014
06
01
2719
2725
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28985_d3d2977fa566455471d0de73179ab548.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Incidence and Mortality of Female Breast Cancer in Jiangsu, China
Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the incidence and mortality of female breastcancer in Jiangsu Province of China. Methods: Incidence and mortality data for female breast cancer andcorresponding population statistics from eligible cancer registries in Jiangsu from 2006 to 2010 were collected andanalyzed. Crude rates, age-specific rates and age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality were calculated,and annual present changes (APCs) were estimated to describe the time trends. Results: From 2006 to 2010, 11,013new cases and 3,068 deaths of female breast cancer were identified in selected cancer registry areas of Jiangsu.The annual average crude incidence and age-standardized incidence by world population (ASW) were 25.2/ and17.9/100,000 respectively. The annual average crude and ASW for mortality rates were 7.03/ and 4.81/100,000.The incidence was higher in urban areas than that in rural areas, and this was consistent in all age groups. Nosignificant difference was observed in mortality between urban and rural areas. Two peaks were observed whenlooking at age-specific rates, one at 50-59 years and another at over 85 years. During the 5 years, incidence andmortality increased with APCs of 4.47% and 6.89%, respectively. Compared to the national level, Jiangsu isan area with relatively low risk of female breast cancer. Conclusion: Breast cancer has become a main publichealth problem among Chinese females. More prevention and control activities should be conducted to reducethe burden of this disease, even in relatively low risk areas like Jiangsu.
Breast cancer - incidence - mortality - trend analysis - cancer registry - Jiangsu
China
2014
06
01
2727
2732
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28986_fafc07a033ccc9959e51421ea4818bea.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Comparison of Two Methods to Extract DNA from Formalin- Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues and their Impact on EGFR Mutation Detection in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Objective: Molecular pathology tests are often carried for clinicopathological diagnosis and pathologists haveestablished large collections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) banks. However, extraction ofDNA from FFPE is a laborious and challenging for researchers in clinical laboratories. The aim of this studywas to compare two widely used DNA extraction methods: using a QIAamp DNA FFPE kit from Qiagen and aCobas Sample Preparation Kit from Roche, and evaluated the effect of the DNA quality on molecular diagnostics.Methods: DNA from FFPE non-small cell lung carcinoma tissues including biopsy and surgical specimens wasextracted with both QIAamp DNA FFPE and Cobas Sample Preparation Kits and EGFR mutations of nonsmallcell lung carcinomas were detected by real-time quantitative PCR using the extracted DNA. Results andConclusion: Our results showed that DNA extracted by QIAamp and Cobas methods were both suitable to detectdownstream EGFR mutation in surgical specimens. Howover, Cobas method could yield more DNA from biopsyspecimens, and gain much better EGFR mutation results.
DNA Extraction
cobas
QIAamp
EGFR mutation
2014
06
01
2733
2737
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28987_43837cb52cf5cb720e85c335725f393a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Psychometric Analysis of a Persian Version of the EuropeanOrganization for Research and Treatment of Cancer OG25 Quality of Life Questionnaire in Oesophagogastric Cancer Patients
Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a fundamental outcome in oncology patients and qualityof life (QOL) assessment requires clinically relevant questionnaires. The purpose of this study was translationand definition of measurement properties and the clinical validity of Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) -OG25module in Persian patients with oesophagus, oesophagogastric junction (OGJ) or gastric cancers. Materials andMethods: The translation procedure followed European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer(EORTC) guidelines. Both EORTC QLQ-OG25 and a core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) were administeredto patients with oesophagus (150), OG junction (93) and gastric (32) cancer undergoing multi-modal treatments.Convergent and discriminant validity, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and known-groups comparisons were used toexamine reliability and validity. Results: In all, 275 patients (mean age 62 years) completed both questionnaires.Compliance rate was high and the questionnaire module was well accepted. We found good reliability for multiitemsubscales of QLQ-OG25 (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients 0.76-0.89). About 73% had TNM staging and scalesdistinguished between clinically distinct groups of patients. However, patients in palliative group experiencedcompromised functional status and worse treatment-associated symptoms than those in the potentially curativegroup. Test-retest scores were consistent. Multi-trait scaling analysis demonstrated good convergent anddiscriminant validity. Conclusions: Overall, the Persian version of QLQ-OG25 demonstrated psychometricand clinical validity that supports its application as a supplement to the original tool (EORTC QLQ-C30) whenassessing HRQL in patients with upper-gastrointestinal (GI) cancer both in curative and palliative phases.
Health related quality of life
EORTC QLQ-OG25
Psychometric properties
Iran
2014
06
01
2739
2745
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28988_3d9072dbbb48713e8c8788381a63643c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Distribution and Haplotype Associations of XPD Lys751Gln, XRCC1 Arg280His and XRCC1 Arg399Gln Polymorphisms with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in the Malaysian Population
Background: DNA repair pathways play a crucial role in maintaining the human genome. Previous studiesassociated DNA repair gene polymorphisms (XPD Lys751Gln, XRCC1 Arg280His and XRCC1 Arg399Gln)with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. These non-synonymous polymorphisms may alter DNA repair capacity andthus increase or decrease susceptibility. The present study aimed to determine the genotype distribution of XPDcodon 751, XRCC1 codon 280 and codon 399 polymorphisms and haplotype associations among NPC cases andcontrols in the Malaysian population. Materials and Methods: We selected 157 NPC cases and 136 controls fromtwo hospitals in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for this study. The polymorphisms studied were genotyped by PCRRFLPassay and allele and genotype frequencies, haplotype and linkage disequilibrium were determined usingSNPstat software. Results: For the XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism, the frequency of the Lys allele was higher incases than in controls (94.5% versus 85.0%). For the XRCC1 Arg280His polymorphism, the frequency of Argallele was 90.0% and 89.0% in cases and controls, respectively and for XRCC1 Arg399Gln the frequency of theArg allele was 72.0% and 72.8% in cases and controls respectively. All three polymorphisms were in linkagedisequilibrium. The odds ratio from haplotype analysis for these three polymorphisms and their associationwith NPC was 1.93 (95%CI: 0.90-4.16) for haplotype CGC vs AGC allele combinations. The global haplotypteassociation with NPC gave a p-value of 0.054. Conclusions: Our study provides an estimate of allele and genotypefrequencies of XRCC1Arg280His, XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms in the Malaysianpopulation and showed no association with nasopharyngeal cancer.
Single nucleotide polymorphism
Haplotype
linkage disequilibrium
DNA repair genes
Malaysia
2014
06
01
2747
2751
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28989_4999fdc32b91a7a585bcdb45d7ad8553.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Knockdown of GCF2/LRRFIP1 by RNAi Causes Cell Growth Inhibition and Increased Apoptosis in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells
Background: GC-binding factor 2 (GCF2) is a transcriptional regulator that represses transcriptional activityof the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by binding to a specific GC-rich sequence in the EGFR genepromoter. In addition to this function, GCF2 has also been identified as a tumor-associated antigen and regardedas a potentially valuable serum biomarker for early human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. GCF2is high expressed in most HCC tissues and cell lines including HepG2. This study focused on the influence ofGCF2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Materials and Methods: GCF2 expression at bothmRNA and protein levels in HepG2 cells was detected with reverse transcription (RT) PCR and Western blotting,respectively. RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to knock down GCF2 mRNA and protein expression.Afterwards, cell viability was analyzed with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and cell apoptosis and caspase 3activity by flow cytometry and with a Caspase 3 Activity Kit, respectively. Results: Specific down-regulation ofGCF2 expression caused cell growth inhibition, and increased apoptosis and caspase 3 activity in HepG2 cells.Conclusions: These primary results suggest that GCF2 may influence cell proliferation and apoptosis in HepG2cells, and also provides a molecular basis for further investigation into the possible mechanism at proliferationand apoptosis in HCC.
GC-binding factor 2
Hepatocellular carcinoma
tumor associated-antigen
Proliferation
Apoptosis
2014
06
01
2753
2758
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28990_c9adf685c878bfd236523d659cf40eb5.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Computer Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Image Manifestations of Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Cell Carcinomas
Aim: This study aims to investigate the manifestation of CT, MRI and dynamic enhanced scans for primaryhepatic neuroendocrine cell carcinoma. Methods: CT or MRI arterial and venous phase scan images of 19cases of pathologically confirmed PHNEC were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 14 cases (73.68%) with singlelesion, 5 cases (26.3%) with multiple lesions, with an average diameter of 13.2 cm. Some 12 cases (63.16%)showed inhomogeneous enhancement, seven cases (36.8%) showed homogeneous enhancement, 13 cases (68.4%)demonstrated significant enhancement in the arterial phase, 13 cases (68.4%) had significantly enhanced portalvenous phase including 7 cases (36.8 %) with portal venous phase density or signal above the arterial phaseand 5 cases (26.3%) with the portal vein density or signal below the arterial phase. Seven cases (36.8%) hadcontinued strengthened separate shadows in the center of the lesion. Thrombosis were not seen in portal veins.Conclusion: CT and MRI images of liver cell neuroendocrine carcinoma have certain characteristics that canprovide valuable information for diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Neuroendocrine cell carcinoma
Liver
Tomography/X-ray compute
MRI
2014
06
01
2759
2764
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28991_7c579cc91866c9024e2f9b5c94d240a0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Diet Patterns and Risk of Squamous Cell Oesophageal Carcinoma: A Case-control Study in Uruguay
Background: Oesophageal cancer presents high incidence rates in the so-called Brazilian-Uruguayan belt.Materials and Methods: The present study included 1,170 participants (234 cases and 936 controls) which wereanalyzed by unconditional multiple logistic regression in order to examine risk of oesophageal squamous cellcarcinoma (OESCC) associated with several food groups. Results: Boiled red meat (OR 2.59, 95%CI 1.69-3.97),lamb meat (OR 1.64, 95%CI 1.07-2.51), processed meat (OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.01-2.21), whole milk (OR 1.78,1.19-1.68), fresh vegetables and fruits (OR 0.42, 95%CI 0.27-0.63), mate consumption (OR 2.04, 95%CI 1.32-3.16), and black tea (OR 0.10, 95%CI 0.04-0.28) were significantly associated with risk of OESCC. Conclusions:Hot beverages (mate) and hot foods (boiled meat) appear to be important determinants in the risk of OESCC,allowing the penetration of carcinogens in tobacco and alcohol into the oesophageal mucosa.
Brazilian-Uruguayan belt
hot beverages
hot foods
mate drinks
Black tea
2014
06
01
2765
2769
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28992_d5c98328cbb7a2528766b18686d7d7a2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Two Decades of Experience with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast in the Cancer Institute of Tehran, Iran
Background: Breast cancer screening and higher quality mammography have resulted in an increase in thediagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ worldwide. We compared the incidence and other factors in our cases ofductal carcinoma in situ between two recent decades. Materials and Methods: Medical records of cases of ductalcarcinoma in situ who had been admitted to the surgery wards of the Cancer Institute of Tehran, Iran wereevaluated from March 1993 to March 2003 as phase 1, and from April 2003 to April 2013 as phase 2. Results:Ratio of ductal carcinoma in situ to overall breast cancer was 1.27 and 3.93 in phases 1 and 2, respectively. Ratesof excisional or incisional biopsies versus core needle biopsies and clinically versus mammographically detectedcases as well as median size of tumors dropped between the 2 phases while a substantial rise in the numberof patients attending for screening was seen in this time period. Surgical treatments followed a trend frommodified radical mastectomy and axillary lymphatic dissection toward breast conserving surgery and sentinelnode dissection or no axillary intervention. Conclusions: Our study shows a considerable trend toward earlierdetection of breast cancer and evolution of treatment strategies toward standard less invasive surgery of DCISin Iran.
Breast carcinoma
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Epidemiology
Screening
Iran
2014
06
01
2771
2776
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28993_aa37f03d5720b97dd81c2b9c3ef0498f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
ATAD2 is Highly Expressed in Ovarian Carcinomas and Indicates Poor Prognosis
The purpose of this study was to explore the expression of ATAD2 in ovarian tumor tissue as well as itsrelationship with degree of malignancy. Tumor tissue from 110 cases of ovarian cancer was collected in accordancewith the Declaration of Helsinki for evaluation of ATAD2 expression iimmunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR(qPCR) and Western blotting. The correlation between the ATAD2 expression and and the prognosis of ovariancancer was evaluated by Cox regression model. In addition, HO-8910 and OVCAR-3 cells were transfected withtwo siRNAs targeting ATAD2. Cell viability was evaluated with MTT assay, and cell migration by transwellmigration assay. ATAD2 was shown to be highly expressed in 65.5% (72/110) of ovarian cancer cases, bothat transcriptional and protein levels. Moreover, highly expression was positively correlated with degree ofmalignancy. Knock-down of ATAD2 in HO-8910 and OVCAR-3 cells was found to reduce cell migration. Inaddition, follow-up visits of the patients demonstrated that the 5-year survival rate was lower in patients withhigh expression of ATAD2. Our study suggested that ovarian tumor tissue may have highly expressed ATAD2,which is associated with tumor stage, omentum-metastasis, ascites and CA-125. Increased ATAD2 may playimportant roles in tumor proliferation and migration. ATAD2 could serve in particular as a prognostic markerand a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
ATAD2
Ovarian Cancer
5-year survival rate
CA-125
Prognosis
2014
06
01
2777
2783
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28994_4d4a3a564adebd87f436b90897bff8c7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Mortality Characteristics and Prediction of Female Breast Cancer in China from 1991 to 2011
Aims: To analyze time-dependent changes in female breast cancer (BC) mortality in China, forecast the trendin the ensuing 5 years, and provide recommendations for prevention and management. Materials and Methods:Mortality data of breast cancer in China from 1991 to 2011 was used to describe characteristics and distribution,such as the changes of the standardized mortality rate, urban-rural differences and age differences. Trendsurfaceanalysis was used to study the geographical distribution of mortality. In addition, curve estimation, timeseries modeling, Gray modeling (GM) and joinpoint regression were performed to estimate and predict futuretrends. Results: In China, the mortality rate of breast cancer has increased yearly since 1991. In addition, ourdata predicted that the trend will continue to increase in the ensuing 5 years. Rates in urban areas are higherthan those in rural areas. Over the past decade, all peak ages for death by breast cancer have been delayed,with the first death peak occurring at 55 to 65 years of age in urban and rural areas. Geographical analysisindicated that mortality rates increased from Southwest to Northeast and from West to East. Conclusions: Thestandardized mortality rate of breast cancer in China is rising and the upward trend is predicted to continuefor the next 5 years. Since this can cause an enormous health impact in China, much better prevention andmanagement of breast cancer is needed. Consequently, disease control centers in China should place more focuson the northeastern, eastern and southeastern parts of China for breast cancer prevention and management,and the key population should be among women between ages 55 to 65, especially those in urban communities.
epidemiological characteristics
female breast cancer
prediction
standardized mortality
China
2014
06
01
2785
2791
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28995_8d880d7757cc0196fa1505b9cedbfe1a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Efficacy of High Dose Radiotherapy in Post-operative Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiform - A Single Institution Report
Background: Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is a highly aggressive tumor with median survival ofapproximately 14 months. Management consists of maximal surgical resection followed by post-operativechemoradiation with concurrent then adjuvant temozolamide. The standard radiotherapy dose is 60Gy in 2-Gyfractions recommended by the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG). With the vast majority of tumorrecurrences occurring within the previous irradiation field and the poor outcome associated with standardtherapy, regimens designed to deliver higher radiation doses to improve local control and enhance survival areneeded. In this study, we report a single institutional experience in treatment of 68 consecutive patients withGBM, treated with resection, and given post-operative radiotherapy followed by concurrent and/or adjuvantchemotherapy. Results: Of the 80 patients who entered this study, 68 completed the treatment course; 45 (66.2%)males and 23 (33.8%) females with a mean age at diagnosis of 49.0±12.9 (21-75) years. At a median follow up of19 months, 39 (57.3%) patients had evidence of tumor progression and 36 (52.9%) had died. The median overall survival for all patients was 16 months and progression free survival for all patients was 6.02 months. Allpotential prognostic factors were analyzed to evaluate their effects on overall survival. Age ≤50 year, concurrentand adjuvant chemotherapy and extent of surgery had significant p values. We found lower progression rateamong patients who received higher doses of radiotherapy (>60Gy). Higher radiation doses improved progressionfree survival (p=0.03). Despite increasing overall survival, this elevation was not significant. Conclusions: Thisstudy emphasize that higher radiation doses of (>60Gy) can improve local control and potentially survival, sowe strongly advise prospective multi centric studies to evaluate the role of higher doses of radiotherapy on GBMpatient outcome.
GBM surgery
high dose radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
outcome
2014
06
01
2793
2796
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28996_7ca431050e4f214157f389b13a8560f1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: Clinicopathologic and Survival Characteristics in Yazd, Iran
Background: Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer in the Western worldand its incidence appears to be rising. However, population-based studies on endometrial cancer providingsurvival estimates by age, histology, and stage in Asia have been sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate theclinicopathological data and survival for patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma treated at three institutions inYazd, Iran. Materials and Methods: Medical and anatomicopathological records at the Department of Pathologyand Radiotherapy of the Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Madar private hospital, between2005 and 2012 were reviewed. All cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma were included. The Kaplan-Maiermethod was used for survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model for multiple regression analysis.Results: The study included 84 patients. Stages I, II, III, and IV were identified in 65.4%, 21.5%, 11.9% and1.2%, respectively. Disease-free survival rate was 73.9±3.77 months (95% confidence interval, 64.51-83.22months) and relapse occurred in 12.3% of the patients. The overall survival rate was 78. 2±3.65 months (95%confidence interval, 71.0-85.3 months). A multivariate analysis revealed that stage and grade were associatedwith overall survival. Conclusions: In this survival analysis of patients with endometrial cancer, we found thatthe prognosis of endometrial cancer was fair but strongly varied by stage and grade, and moderately varied byhistology and age.
Cancer stage - endometrial adenocarcinoma - prognosis - survival - Yazd
Iran
2014
06
01
2797
2801
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28997_6147f27dfa3bb3b84e5efee22783154b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Antitumor Constituents from Anthriscus Sylvestris (L.) Hoffm
Bioassay-guided chemical investigation of the roots of Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. resulted in theisolation of nine compounds, whose structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 wasisolated from this plant for the first time and compounds 3 and 9 were first found from this genus. Differentpolar fractions of A. sylvestris extract and compounds 1, 6-8 and 9 were evaluated for antitumor activities againstHepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), MG-63 (human osteosarcoma cells), B16 (melanoma cells) and HeLa(human cervical carcinoma cells) lines by the MTT method. The petroleum ether fraction of A. sylvestris extractexhibited excellent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 18.3 μg/ml. Among the isolates from the petroleumether fraction, compound 7 showed significant inhibition against the growth of the four tumor cells with IC50values ranging from 12.2-43.3 μg/ml.
Anthriscus sylvestris
anthricin
constituents
antitumor activities
2014
06
01
2803
2807
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28998_5cbec7150591e90c497a777596b4bc58.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Genetic Variations in TERT-CLPTM1L Genes and Risk of Lung Cancer in a Chinese Population
Background: This study was conducted to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and cleft lip and palate transmembrane1-like (CLPTM1L)and lung cancer risk in a Chinese population. Methods: We performed a hospital-based case-control study,including 980 lung cancer cases and 1000 cancer-free controls matched for age and sex. Each case and controlwas interviewed to collect information by well-trained interviewers. A total of 5 ml of venous blood was collectedfor genotype testing of TERT rs2736098 and CLPTM1L rs401681 using TaqMan methodology. Results: Theresults revealed that the variant homozygote TERT rs2736098TT was associated with an increased risk of lungcancer (OR=2.017, 95%CI=1.518-2.681), especially lung adenocarcinoma (OR=2.117, 95%CI=1.557-3.043)and small cell carcinoma (OR=1.979, 95%CI: 1.174-3.334), compared with the TERT rs2736098CC genotype.Similar results were observed in non-smokers. Conclusion: The TERT rs2736098 polymorphism might affect thesusceptibility to lung cancer in Chinese populations. The associations need to be verified in larger and differentpopulations.
Lung cancer
TERT
CLPTM1L
Single nucleotide polymorphism
China
2014
06
01
2809
2813
https://journal.waocp.org/article_28999_0993068c8ee01b9299c9f0b9f782e834.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Lack of any Impact of Histopathology Type on Prognosis in Patients with Early-Stage Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of patients with stage IA-IIB cervicalcarcinoma and to investigate a possible correlation of histology with prognosis. Materials and Methods: Twohundred fifty one patients with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histology for FIGO(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage IA-IIB uterine cervical carcinomas at the RadiationOncology Clinic of GH Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital between January 1996 and December 2006were selected, analyzed retrospectively and evaluated in terms of general characteristics and survival. Diseasefreesurvival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and differenceswere compared with the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis using a Cox-proportional hazards model was usedto adjust for prognostic factors and to estimate hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results:There was no differences between the two tumour types in age, stage, pelvic nodal metastasis, parametrialinvasion, surgical margin status, DSI, LVSI, maximal tumor diameter, grade, and treatment modalities. 5-yearOS and DFS were 73% and 77%, versus 64% and 69%, for SCC and adenocarcinoma, respectively (p> 0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed independent prognostic factors including pelvic nodal metastasis and resectionmargin status for OS (p=0.008, p=0.002, respectively). Conclusions: Prognosis of FIGO stage IA-IIB cervicalcancer patients was found to be the same for those with adenocarcinoma and SCC.
adenocarcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Uterine cervical carcinoma
histology
Prognosis
2014
06
01
2815
2819
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29000_41b17fe91807669b8a79dd914ec75747.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Esophageal Cancer, Gastric Cancer and the use of Pesticides in the Southwestern of Turkey
Background: Esophageal and gastric cancer generally have a poor prognosis and may share common riskfactors. It has been demonstrated that the pesticide usage may contribute to development of many cancer types.In this study, the relation between amount of pesticides used in agriculture and esophageal and gastric cancerincidence was researched. Materials and Methods: Findings from the data bank of the Ministry of HealthProvincial Health Directorate Cancer Records Center between the years of 1998-2010 were used. All patientswho were diagnosed with gastric and esophageal cancer histopathologically were included. Data for annualpesticide usage were obtained from Provincial Agriculture Directorate for the same time period. Statisticalanalysis was performed using the Spearman test. Results: One thousand eight hundred and ninety-six patientswere involved in the study, 1,233 males (65%) and 663 females (35%), 230 with esophageal cancer (12.1%) and1,666 with gastric cancer (87.9%). No statistically significant relation was apparent between pesticide amountused and esophageal cancer (p: 0.87). Conclusions: In our study, there was no relationship between pesticideusage and esophageal or gastric cancer. However, the time between pesticide usage and cancer development wasnot known, qualifying the comparison.
Esophageal Cancer
Gastric cancer
pesticide usage
Turkey
2014
06
01
2821
2823
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29001_63c758bfea3414244b3228d402f332aa.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Cleistocalyx nervosum Extract Ameliorates Chemical-Induced Oxidative Stress in Early Stages of Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis
Purpose: To study the effect of Cleistocalyx nervosum extract (CE) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN) andphenobarbital (PB) induced oxidative stress in early stages of rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Materials and Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, with Group 1 as a negative control and Group 2 was a positivecontrol receiving DEN injections once a week and PB in drinking water for 6 weeks. Two weeks before DENinitiation and PB treatment, Groups 3 and 4, were fed with 500 and 1000 mg/kg of CEs, respectively, for 8weeks. Results: A number of GST-P-positive foci, preneoplastic lesions, in the liver were markedly increased incarcinogen administered rats, but was comparatively decreased in rats treated with 1000 mg/kg of CE. The CEreduced malondialdehyde in serum and in the livers of rats treated with DEN and PB. Moreover, CE significantlyincreased the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in rat liver. Conclusions: CE appeared to exertits chemopreventive effects by modulating antioxidant status during DEN and PB induced early stages ofhepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
Antioxidant
Cleistocalyx nervosum
GST-P form
hepatocarcinogenesis
2014
06
01
2825
2830
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29002_b2a434a76f0de0b2246628a57c03d275.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Mortality of Urinary Tract Cancer in Inner Mongolia 2008-2012
The aim of this study was to determine the mortality rate and burden of urinary tract cancers among residentsof Inner Mongolia. We analyzed mortality data reported by the Death Registry System from 2008 to 2012. Therate of mortality due to urinary tract cancer was 2.04 per 100,000 person-years for the total population, 2.91for men, and 1.11 for women. Therefore, the mortality rate for men was 2.62-fold the mortality rate for women,constituting a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Over the period 2008 through 2012, the total potentialyears of life lost was 1388.1 person-years for men and 777.1 person-years for women, and the average years oflife lost were 7.71 years per male decedent and 12.0 years per female decedent. Mortality due to urinary tractcancers is substantially greater among the elderly population. Further, the mortality rate associated with urinarytract cancers is greater for elderly men than it is for elderly women. Therefore, in Inner Mongolia, urinary tractcancers appear to pose a greater mortality risk for men than they do for women.
Urinary
mortality
potential years of life lost (PYLL)
Inner Mongolia
China
2014
06
01
2831
2834
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29003_7e25f9d62286cfcc43e25b4a4c65b7d1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Up-regulating of RASD1 and Apoptosis of DU-145 Human Prostate Cancer Cells Induced by Formononetin in Vitro
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant cancers in men. The isoflavone formononetin is a mainactive component of red clover plants. In the present study, we assessed the effect of formononetin on humanprostate cancer DU-145 cells in vitro, and elucidated posssible mechanisms. DU-145 cells were treated withdifferent concentrations of formononetin and cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, cell apoptosis byHoechst 33258 and flow cytometry, and protein levels of RASD1, Bcl-2 and Bax by Western blotting. The resultsshowed that formononetin inhibited the proliferation of DU-145 cells in a dose-dependent manner. DU-145 cellstreated with different concentrations of formononetin displayed obvious morphological changes of apoptosisunder fluorescence microscopy. In addition, formononetin increased the proportion of early apoptotic DU-145cells, down-regulated the protein levels of Bcl-2 and up-regulated those of RASD1 and Bax. The level of RASD1reached its maximum at 48h post-treatment, and rapidly decreased thereafter. Together, we present evidence thatformononetin triggered cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by up-regulating RASD1.
Formononetin
prostate cancer cells
Apoptosis
RASD1
2014
06
01
2835
2839
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29004_dff6566636dba06483cdb9d8628b4467.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Family History Attributes and Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Turkey
Background: When dealing with breast cancer, early detection is closely associated with determining andclosely monitoring high risk groups. The aim of this study was to determine the preventable risk factors thatare specific for our country, and to understand which risk factors were most predominant. Materials andMethods: The study was planned as a case-control design. Women diagnosed with breast cancer who visitedthe Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Radiation Oncology outpatient clinics of the Izmir Dokuz EylulUniversity (DEU) School of Medicine were accepted as the case group. Then a control group matched for agewas established among females who visited the outpatient clinics on the same days. A questionnaire preparedby the researchers was implemented using a face-to-face interview technique. The Mann-Whitney U test wasused in the comparisons of the group averages, and the Pearson chi-square test in the comparisons betweengroups. In order to determine the dominant risk factors, binary logistical regression test was implemented.Results: A total of 138 patients, 69 cases and 69 controls, were included in the study. A significant difference canbe detected between the groups in terms of BMI, smoking, breast cancer prevalence among first degree familymembers, presence of breast cancer among distant family members, existence of other types of cancers amongfamily members and the age of onset of menopause (p<0.05). Logistical regression analysis revealed that thepresence of breast cancer among first degree relatives increased the risk of developing breast cancer 5.7 times.Conclusions: Although some results of this study are compatible with findings in the literature, some are not. Inorder to determine unique risk factors, there is a clear need for large-scale studies.
breast cancer
risk factors
preventive oncology
Turkey
2014
06
01
2841
2846
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29005_f39ff5b87bbb77275edba4a65b4e4559.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Parental Age-Related Risk of Retinoblastoma in Iranian Children
Background: Retinoblastoma is a rare malignant intraocular neoplasm. About 90% of cases feature a germlinemutation in the RB1 gene and these will develop retinoblastoma during their early childhood. An associationbetween mutations in germline cells and aging has been demonstrated. This suggests a higher incidence ofchildhood cancer including retinoblastoma among children of older parents. Materials and Methods: In thepresent study we aimed to determine the association of paternal and maternal age with an increased risk ofretinoblastoma in a case-control study in Iranian population. The study was carried out on 240 persons who wereborn during 1984-2012 in Mahak and Mofid hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The statistical analysis included studyingthe mean age of parents and in order to know whether parental age of patients is different from parental age ofcontrol group, (t-test) compare averages test is used perfectly. By binary logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs)and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: The results of statistical analysis including thestudy of mean parental age by the use of (t-test) compare averages test showed a significant difference betweenparental ages of patients and controls. Logistic regression showed that coefficients were significant for maternalbut not paternal age. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that advanced maternal age can increase the risk ofretinoblastoma in offspring, but the paternal age has no significant effect.
retinoblastoma
parental age
increased risk
statistical analysis
2014
06
01
2847
2850
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29006_6b18b997add2b6b1a4f9afb35c396faf.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma: a Heterogeneous Disease
The aim of this study is to evaluate clinicopathologic characteristics and the multi-disciplinary treatment resultsof metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) patients treated in a single institute. Seventeen female patients with MBCtreated in our department between June 2000 and January 2012 were identified and retrospectively evaluated.The median age at diagnosis was 46 years (range, 26-66 years). The median tumor size at diagnosis was 3.5 cm(range 1.5-12 cm). Six (35%) patients underwent breast conservation surgery and 11 (65%) mastectomy. Axillarylymph node metastasis was found in 6 (35%) patients. Twelve (71%) had triple negative tumors. PostoperativeRT and systemic adjuvant treatment was given to all patients accordingly to stage and biological characteristics.Median follow-up time was 27 months (range, 12-151 months). At the time of this analysis, 14 (82%) patientswere alive with no evidence of disease, and 1 (6%) was alive with disease. The 3-year OS was 91% and 5-year80%, and DFS rates were 76% and 76%, respectively. Despite the young age of our patients with mostly highgrade tumors, larger tumor size and higher rates of lymph node metastasis, the survival outcomes in our studyare favorable in comparison with previously reported series.
Adjuvant radiotherapy
Metaplastic breast cancer
postoperative radiotherapy
Prognosis
2014
06
01
2851
2856
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29007_6aec0f551e893c7fc205134a4aaf0217.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
The G801A Polymorphism in the CXCL12 Gene and Risk of Breast Carcinoma: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis Including 2,931 Subjects
More and more evidence indicates that the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene might be associatedwith susceptibility to breast carcinoma in humans being. However, individually published results havebeen inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between the G801Apolymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma risk. A complete search strategy was done by theelectronic databases including PubMed and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. A meta-analysis includingseven individual studies was carried out in order to explore the association between the G801A polymorphism inthe CXCL12 gene polymorphisms and breast carcinoma. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinomarisk were assessed by the random-effects model. A significant relationship between the G801A polymorphism inthe CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma was discovered in an allelic genetic model (OR: 1.214, 95%CI: 1.085-1.358, p=0.001), a homozygote model (OR: 1.663, 95%CI: 1.240-2.232, p=0.001), a heterozygote model (OR:1.392, 95%CI: 1.190-1.629, p=0.000), a recessive genetic model (OR: 1.407, 95%CI: 1.060-1.868, p=0.018) and adominant genetic model (OR: 1.427, 95%CI: 1.228-1.659, p=0.000). On sub-group analysis based on ethnicity,significance was observed between the European group and the mixed group. A significant relationship wasfound between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma risk. Individuals with theA allele of the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene are under a higher risk for breast carcinoma.
Breast carcinoma
breast cancer
Meta-analysis
G810A
Polymorphism
CXCL12
2014
06
01
2857
2861
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29008_226718889379b9ec3d568b51c16fd494.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
The 765G>C Polymorphism in the Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene and Gastric Cancer Risk: an Update by Meta-analysis
Background: The 765G>C polymorphism in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene has been extensively investigatedfor association with gastric cancer (GC). However, the results of different studies have been inconsistent. The aimof this study is to comprehensively evaluate the genetic risk of -765G>C polymorphism in the COX-2 gene forGC. Materials and Methods: We searched Pubmed, Embase, Medline, CNKI database, Wanfang database, Weipudatabase, and Chinese Biomedical database, covering all publications (last search been performed on Jan 10,2014). Statistical analyses were performed using Revman 5.2 and STATA 10.0 software. Results: A total of 1,874cases and 3,005 controls in 10 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated thatthe variant C allele carriers (GC+CC) had a 69% increased risk of GC when compared with the homozygote GG(odds ratio (OR)=1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-2.61 for GC+CC vs GG). In the subgroup analysis byethnicity, significant elevated risks were associated with C allele carriers in Asians (OR=1.75, 95%CI=1.40-2.18,and p<0.00001) and in Indians (OR=8.38, 95%CI=4.34-16.16, and p<0.00001) but not in Caucasians (OR=1.07,95%CI=0.81-1.42, and p=0.62) or in Dutch (OR=0.53, 95%CI= 0.33-0.87, and p= 0.01).In the subgroup analysisby Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) status, a significantly increased risk was identified among H. pylori (+) (OR=3.58,95%CI=2.33-3.50, and p<0.00001) and H. pylori (-) (OR=2.32, 95%CI=1.46-3.69, and p=0.0004). Conclusions:This meta-analysis suggested that the -765G>C polymorphism in the COX-2 gene could be a risk factor for GCin Asians and Indians.
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
Gastric cancer
Polymorphism
Meta-analysis
2014
06
01
2863
2868
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29009_1a96b3c1c2a0c7c000d881ac0e358c09.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Situation of HPV16 E2 Gene Status During Radiotherapy Treatment of Cervical Carcinoma
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) integration within the E2 gene has been proposed as a critical eventin cervical carcinogenesis. This study concerned whether HPV16 status and E2 gene intactness are predictive ofradiation response in patients with cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Biopsies of 44 patients with cervicalcancer were collected before or after radiotherapy. The presence of HPV16 was assessed by polymerase chainreaction (PCR) using specific primers for the L1 region. E2 disruption was detected by amplifying the entire E2gene. Results: HPV16 DNA was found in 54.5% of the clinical samples. Overall, 62.5% of the HPV16 positivetumors had integrated viral genome and 37.5% had episomal genome. There was a tendency of increase ofHPV16 E2 negative tumors compared with HPV16 L1 ones in advanced stages (75% versus 20% in stage IIIrespectively). Detection of E2 gene appeared influenced by the radiotherapy treatment, as the percentage ofsamples containing an intact HPV16 E2 was more frequent in pretreated patients compared to radiotherapytreated patients (66.6% versus 20%). The radiation therapy caused an eight-fold [OR= 8; CI=1.22-52.25; p=0.03]increase in the risk of HPV16 genome disruption. The integration status is influenced by the irradiation modalities,interestingly E2 disruption being found widely after radiotherapy treatment (75%) with a total fractioned doseof 50Gy. Conclusions: This study reveals that the status of the viral DNA may be used as a marker to optimizethe radiation treatment.
HPV16
PCR
L1 gene
E2 gene
radiotherapy
2014
06
01
2869
2873
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29010_fb5e368df9810a372e174fe3c5c1e87f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Underutilization of Curative Treatment among Patients with Non Small Cell Lung Cancer: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre in India
Background: Lung cancer is one of the commonest and most lethal cancers throughout the world. The majorityof the patients present at advance stage and are not suitable for curative intent treatment. Even among patientswith localized disease, there has been underutilization of curative treatment modalities. The aim of this study wasto analyze the radical treatment utilization rates in patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated atour centre. Materials and Methods: We analyzed case records of 104 patients with a pathologically confirmeddiagnosis of NSCLC having stage 1-3B disease who were treated at our centre over last 3 years, to assess theutilization of curative treatment modalities i.e. surgery or radical radiotherapy. Results: The median age of thiscohort was 58 years. Out of 104 patients only 33 (31.7%) received curative intent treatment, 14 undergoing curativeresection and 19 receiving radical doses of radiotherapy. The baseline characteristics of both the groups (withor without radical treatment) were not different. Major factors associated with underutilization with curativetreatment were progressive disease or loss of follow up after chemotherapy and inappropriate use of TKI and/or palliative radiotherapy in patients with stage 1-3B disease. Patients who did not receive radical treatmenthad inferior PFS and OS than those who received radical treatment. Conclusions: In our practice we observedgross underutilization of curative intent treatment modalities in patients with NSCLCs which is associated withinferior survival.
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
treatment utilization
curative intent treatment
India
2014
06
01
2875
2878
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29011_67edf9c3def3e383b0c3bfcd264f1f13.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Self-Disclosure of Breast Cancer Diagnosis by Iranian Women to Friends and Colleagues
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common form of cancer in Iranian women, and it remains a majorhealth problem. An increasing number of young women are being diagnosed with BC, and therefore, there is anincreasing likelihood that more women will survive breast cancer for many years. Many opine that self-disclosureof BC diagnosis is important because talking about cancer helps people to make sense of their experiences; infact, self-disclosure appears to play an important role in many health outcomes. However, this has not yet beenstudied in BC patients in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the status of self-disclosure of BC diagnosisby Iranian women to friends and colleagues. Materials and Methods: All BC records for 2001-2011 of employedwomen were studied at five hospitals in Mashhad. Data about the self-disclosure of BC diagnosis were gatheredthrough telephone interviews, and the participants filled out a questionnaire about their status of self-disclosureof BC diagnosis to various groups of people. Results: The mean age of employed women at the time of diagnosiswas 44.3±6.7 years. Over 60% self-disclosed to work colleagues and over 90% to bosses/managers. Seventy percent reported that they had support from their family and husband’s family, while 95% reported that they hadsupport from parents, siblings, children and friends. Conclusions: Most employed women self-disclosed freelyto family, friends, colleagues and bosses/managers. Apparently, self-disclosure of breast cancer diagnosis mayhave negative effects at work. About half of patients reported that they had support from family, managers andcolleagues; however, for nearly 28% of employed women, disclosure had less positive effects. In particular, italtered their perception of others, produced difficulties with work and family and diminished closeness with thepeople who were told. However, the stigma of BC is far less than it once was.
breast cancer
self-disclosure
employed women
Iran
2014
06
01
2879
2882
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29012_5096b886a91b140a6f8a5d53b4c47aab.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Anti-tumor Effects and Apoptosis Induction by Realgar Bioleaching Solution in Sarcoma-180 Cells in Vitro and Transplanted Tumors in Mice in Vivo
Background: Realgar which contains arsenic components has been used in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) as an anticancer drug. However, neither Realgar nor its formula are soluble in water. As a result, highdose of Realgar has to be administered to achieve an effective blood medicine concentration, and this is associatedwith adverse side effects. The objective of the present study was to increase the solubility of a formula usinghydrometallurgy technology as well as investigating its effects on in vitro and in vivo cell proliferation andapoptosis in Sarcoma-180 cell line. Materials and Methods: Antiproliferative activity of Realgar BioleachingSolution (RBS) was evaluated by MTT assay. Further, effects of RBS on cell proliferation and apoptosis werestudied using flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. Kunming mice were administered RBS invivo, where arsenic specifically targeted solid tumors. Results: The results indicated that RBS extract potentlyinhibited the tumor growth of Sarcoma-180 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry and transmissionelectron microscopy further indicated that RBS significantly induced cell apoptosis through the inhibition of cellcycle pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Further, on RBS administration to mice, arsenic was specificallytargeted to solid tumor.s Conclusions: RBS could substitute for traditional Realgar or its formula to work as apotent tool in cancer treatment.
anti-tumor
realgar bioleaching solution
Apoptosis
Sarcoma
180(S180)
2014
06
01
2883
2888
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29013_6da6cb4e581083ea87323ffe72351e5b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Association of DR4 (TRAIL-R1) Polymorphisms with Cancer Risk in Caucasians: an Updated Meta-analysis
Death receptor 4 (TRAIL-R1 or DR4) polymorphisms have been associated with cancer risk, but findingshave been inconsistent. To estimate the relationship in detail, a meta-analysis was here performed. A search ofPubMed was conducted to investigate the association between DR4 C626G, A683C and A1322G polymorphismsand cancer risk, using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. The results suggested that DR4 C626Gand A683C polymorphisms were indeed associated with cancer risk (for C626G, dominant model, OR 0.991,95%CI 0.866-1.133, p=0.015; for A683C, additive model, OR=1.140, 95%CI: 0.948-1.370, p=0.028; dominantmodel, OR=1.156, 95%CI: 0.950-1.406, p=0.080) in the Caucasian subgroup. However, the association was notsignificant between DR4 polymorphism A1322G with cancer risk in Caucasians (For A1322G, additive model: OR1.085, 95%CI 0.931-1.289, p=0.217; dominant model: OR 1.379, 95%CI 0.934-2.035, p=0.311; recessive model:OR 1.026, 95%CI 0.831-1.268 p=0.429.). In summary, our finding suggests that DR4 polymorphism C626G andA683 rather than A1322G are associated with cancer risk in Caucasians.
Death receptor 4 (DR4)
Polymorphism
Caucasians
Cancer risk
2014
06
01
2889
2892
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29014_6f0fe9a0093b27c54dd009fc042f2e8b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Model-Based Survival Estimates of Female Breast Cancer Data
Background: Statistical methods are very important to precisely measure breast cancer patient survivaltimes for healthcare management. Previous studies considered basic statistics to measure survival times withoutincorporating statistical modeling strategies. The objective of this study was to develop a data-based statisticalprobability model from the female breast cancer patients’ survival times by using the Bayesian approach topredict future inferences of survival times. Materials and Methods: A random sample of 500 female patients wasselected from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry database. For goodness of fit, thestandard model building criteria were used. The Bayesian approach is used to obtain the predictive survival timesfrom the data-based Exponentiated Exponential Model. Markov Chain Monte Carlo method was used to obtainthe summary results for predictive inference. Results: The highest number of female breast cancer patients wasfound in California and the lowest in New Mexico. The majority of them were married. The mean (SD) age atdiagnosis (in years) was 60.92 (14.92). The mean (SD) survival time (in months) for female patients was 90.33(83.10). The Exponentiated Exponential Model found better fits for the female survival times compared to theExponentiated Weibull Model. The Bayesian method is used to obtain predictive inference for future survivaltimes. Conclusions: The findings with the proposed modeling strategy will assist healthcare researchers andproviders to precisely predict future survival estimates as the recent growing challenges of analyzing healthcaredata have created new demand for model-based survival estimates. The application of Bayesian will produceprecise estimates of future survival times.
Bayesian method
Model development
predictive inference
2014
06
01
2893
2900
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29015_e9ddee89852e24cdaf27318873a0bc57.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Colorectal Cancer Screening Practices of Primary Care Providers: Results of a National Survey in Malaysia
The incidence of colorectal cancer has been increasing in many Asian countries including Malaysia duringthe past few decades. A physician recommendation has been shown to be a major factor that motivates patientsto undergo screening. The present study objectives were to describe the practice of colorectal cancer screeningby primary care providers in Malaysia and to determine the barriers for not following recommendations. Inthis cross sectional study involving 132 primary care providers from 44 Primary Care clinics in West Malaysia,self-administered questionnaires which consisted of demographic data, qualification, background on the primarycare clinic, practices on colorectal cancer screening and barriers to colorectal cancer screening were distributed.A total of 116 primary care providers responded making a response rate of 87.9%. About 21% recommendedfaecal occult blood test (FOBT) in more than 50% of their patients who were eligible. The most common barrierwas “unavailability of the test”. The two most common patient factors are “patient in a hurry” and “poor patientawareness”. This study indicates that colorectal cancer preventive activities among primary care providers arestill poor in Malaysia. This may be related to the low availability of the test in the primary care setting and poorawareness and understanding of the importance of colorectal cancer screening among patients. More awarenessprogrammes are required for the public. In addition, primary care providers should be kept abreast with thelatest recommendations and policy makers need to improve colorectal cancer screening services in health clinics.
Colorectal cancer screening
practices
Barriers
colorectal cancer
Primary Care
Malaysia
2014
06
01
2901
2904
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29016_8bc9a571e2b6e98df73d275d57dfb9a6.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of Non-endometrioid Carcinoma of Endometrium: Siriraj Hospital Experience
Background: To study the incidence of non-endometrioid carcinoma of endometrium and compare the clinicalcharacteristics and treatment outcomes with endometrioid carcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: Thisstudy included 236 patients with endometrial carcinoma at Siriraj Hospital whom were diagnosed and treatedfrom 2003 through 2006. The clinical characteristics, pathological features, treatment and clinical outcomeswere collected from the medical records. The 5-year survival was calculated according to 2009 FIGO staging.Results: Non-endometrioid carcinoma of endometrium accounted for 10.2% of all endometrial carcinomas(24/236 patients). The 5 -year survival rate was significantly lower in the non-endometrioid group compared tothe endometrioid group (77.3% vs 96%, p<0.001) and clinical data pointed to greater malignancy. Conclusions:Non-endometrioid carcinoma of endometrium is relative rare but is more aggressive, has more distant metastasisat diagnosis with a worse survival rate than endometrioid carcinoma. Only patients in stage IA with no residualdisease on a hysterectomy specimen may not need adjuvant treatment.
endometrial carcinoma
non-endometrioid
survival outcome
distant metastasis
2014
06
01
2905
2909
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29017_d2adf8e05319a0a121f19c814e50c6a3.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Luteolin Sensitizes Two Oxaliplatin-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines to Chemotherapeutic Drugs Via Inhibition of the Nrf2 Pathway
Oxaliplatin is a first-line therapy for colorectal cancer, but cancer cell resistance to the drug compromisesits efficacy. To explore mechanisms of drug resistance, we treated colorectal cancer cells (HCT116 and SW620)long-term with oxaliplatin and established stable oxaliplatin-resistant lines (HCT116-OX and SW620-OX).Compared with parental cell lines, IC50s for various chemotherapeutic agents (oxaliplatin, cisplatin anddoxorubicin) were increased in oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines and this was accompanied by activation of nuclearfactor erythroid-2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) . Furthermore,luteolin inhibited the Nrf2 pathway in oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Luteolin alsoinhibited Nrf2 target gene [NQO1, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and GSTα1/2] expression and decreased reducedglutathione in wild type mouse small intestinal cells. There was no apparent effect in Nrf2-/- mice. Luteolincombined with other chemotherapeutics had greater anti-cancer activity in resistant cell lines (combined indexvalues below 1), indicating a synergistic effect. Therefore, adaptive activation of Nrf2 may contribute to thedevelopment of acquired drug-resistance and luteolin could restore sensitivity of oxaliplatin-resistant cell linesto chemotherapeutic drugs. Inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway may be the mechanism for this restored therapeuticresponse.
luteolin
colorectal cancer
oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines
Nrf2
sensitization
2014
06
01
2911
2916
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29018_13b4cdc9c6f7fbdc3c596e104acf3d15.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Association between the TP53BP1 rs2602141 A/C Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background: The p53-binding protein 1 (TP53BP1) gene may be involved in the development of cancer throughdisrupting DNA repair. However, investigation of associations between TP53BP1 rs2602141 A/C polymorphismand cancer have yielded contradictory and inconclusive outcomes. We therefore performed a meta-analysis toevaluate the association between the TP53BP1 rs2602141 A/C polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Materialsand Methods: Published literature from PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science,Google (scholar), CBMDisc, Chongqing VIP database, and CNKI database were retrieved. Pooled odds ratios(ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed or random-effects models. Publicationbias was estimated using funnel plots, Begg’s and Egger’s test. Results: A total of seven studies (3,018 casesand 5,548 controls) were included in the meta-analysis. Our results showed that the genotype distribution ofTP53BP1 rs2602141 A/C was not associated with cancer risk overall. However, on subgroup analysis, we foundthat TP53BP1 rs2602141 A/C was associated with cancer risk within an allele model (A vs C, OR=1.14, 95%CI:1.01-1.29) and a codominant model (AA vs CC, OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.06-1.74) in Asians rather than in Caucasians.Subgroup analysis by cancer type, genotype, and with or without adjustment for controls showed no significantassociation. Conclusions: The findings suggested an association between rs2602141 A/C polymorphism in TP53BP1gene and increased risk of cancer in Asians.
TP53-binding protein 1
cancer
Polymorphism
Gene
Meta-analysis
2014
06
01
2917
2922
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29019_c8e256793f3b9aeb1977b81a15dce798.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Multicenter Epidemiologic Study on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Turkey
Background: Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is one of the important health problems in Turkey, being verycommon and highly lethal. The aim of this study was to determine clinical, demographic features and risk factors.Materials and Methods: Nine hundred and sixth-three patients with HCC from 13 cities in Turkey were includedin this study. Results: Only 205 (21%) of the 963 patients were women, with a male:female predominance of4.8:1 and a median age of 61 years. The etiologic risk factors for HCC were hepatitis B in 555 patients (57.6%),453 (81%) in men, and 102 (19%) in women, again with male predominance, hepatitis C in 159 (16.5%), (14.9%and 22.4%, with a higher incidence in women), and chronic alcohol abuse (more than ten years) in 137 (14.2%)(16.8% and 4.9%, higher in males). The Child-Pugh score paralleled with advanced disease stage amd also a highlevel of AFP. Conclusions: According to our findings the viral etiology (hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections)in the Turkish population was the most important factor in HCC development, with alcohol abuse as the thirdrisk factor. The Child-Pugh classification and AFP levels were determined to be important prognostic factors inHCC patients.
Hepatocellular carcinoma
etiologic factors
Alpha-fetoprotein
Turkey
2014
06
01
2923
2927
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29020_69d315255cb1a8fe7e77aed7194bb9bc.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Pre-Operative Evaluation of Ovarian Tumors by Risk of Malignancy Index, CA125 and Ultrasound
Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performances of risk of malignancy index (RMI), CA-125 and ultrasoundscore in differentiating between benign and borderline or malignant ovarian tumors and find the best diagnostictest for referral of suspected malignant ovarian cases to gynaecologic oncologists. Materials and Methods: Thisprospective study covered 467 women with pelvic tumors scheduled for surgery at our hospital between July2011 and July 2013. The RMI was obtained from ultrasound score, CA125 and menopausal status. The diagnosticvalues of each parameter and the RMI were determined and compared using Statistical Packages for SocialSciences Version 14.0.1. Results: In our study, 61% of ovarian tumors were malignant in the post-menopausalage group. RMI with a cut-off 150 had sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 97% in detecting ovarian cancer.CA-125>30 had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 83%. An ultrasound score more than 2 had a sensitivityof 96% and specificity of 81%. RMI had the least false malignant cases thus avoiding unnecessary laparotomies.Ultrasound when used individually had the best sensitivity but poor specificity. Conclusions: Our study hasdemonstrated the RMI to be an easy, simple and applicable method in the primary evaluation of patients withpelvic masses. It can be used to refer suspected malignant patients to be operated by a gynaecologic oncologist.Other models of preoperative evaluation should be developed to improve the detection of early stage invasive,borderline and non-epithelial ovarian cancers.
Ovarian tumours
RMI
CA125
Ultrasound
Malignancy
staging
2014
06
01
2929
2932
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29021_bdcaa2e17b96e5c40aaac664682141a1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
Optimizing Nutrition Support in Cancer Care
Involvement of a multidisciplinary team in cancer care may have added benefits over the existing system ofpatient management. A paradigm shift in the current patient management would allow more focus on nutritionalsupport, in addition to clinical care. Malnutrition, a common problem in cancer patients, needs special attentionfrom the early days of cancer care to improve quality of life and treatment outcomes. Patient management teamswith trained oncology dietitians may provide quality personalized nutritional care to cancer patients.
Malnutrition
Nutritional Status
intervention
cancer care
2014
06
01
2933
2934
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29022_e96ac7a6c3e28de64465ea83fce36a73.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2014
15
6
The Intelligent Clinical Laboratory as a Tool to Increase Cancer Care Management Productivity
Studies of the causes of cancer, early detection, prevention or treatment need accurate, comprehensive,and timely cancer data. The clinical laboratory provides important cancer information needed for physicianswhich influence clinical decisions regarding treatment, diagnosis and patient monitoring. Poor communicationbetween health care providers and clinical laboratory personnel can lead to medical errors and wrong decisionsin providing cancer care. Because of the key impact of laboratory information on cancer diagnosis and treatmentthe quality of the tests, lab reports, and appropriate lab management are very important. A laboratoryinformation management system (LIMS) can have an important role in diagnosis, fast and effective access tocancer data, decrease redundancy and costs, and facilitate the integration and collection of data from differenttypes of instruments and systems. In spite of significant advantages LIMS is limited by factors such as problemsin adaption to new instruments that may change existing work processes. Applications of intelligent softwaresimultaneously with existing information systems, in addition to remove these restrictions, have important benefitsincluding adding additional non-laboratory-generated information to the reports, facilitating decision making,and improving quality and productivity of cancer care services. Laboratory systems must have flexibility tochange and have the capability to develop and benefit from intelligent devices. Intelligent laboratory informationmanagement systems need to benefit from informatics tools and latest technologies like open sources. The aimof this commentary is to survey application, opportunities and necessity of intelligent clinical laboratory as atool to increase cancer care management productivity.
Intelligent
clinical laboratory
cancer care
cancer management
Productivity
2014
06
01
2935
2937
https://journal.waocp.org/article_29023_6d484e87d06aa013979ea836df22f7a1.pdf