2024-03-28T14:55:29Z
https://journal.waocp.org/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=5224
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Circulating Tumor BRAF Mutation and Personalized Thyroid Cancer Treatment
Fatemeh
Khatami
Bagher
Larijani
Seyed
Tavangar
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is now being extensively studied as it is a noninvasive “real-time” biomarker that can provide diagnostic and prognostic information before, during treatment and at progression. These include DNA mutations, epigenetic alterations and other forms of tumor-specific abnormalities such as microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). ctDNA is of great value in the process of cancer treatment. However, up to date, there is no strict standard considering the exact biomarker because the development and progression of cancer is extremely complicated. Also, results of the studies evaluating ctDNA are not consistent due to the different detection methods and processing. The major challenge is still the exact position of ctDNA in cancer management and the exact place of it versus tissue biopsy. actually it is still under the debate that circulating tumor markers will take the place of standard tissue biopsy or will support it to guide us to the more effective interventions?
ctDNA
Thyroid cancer
Diagnosis
Personalized Medicine
2017
02
01
293
294
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44521_b848252187a60cee4b3ea46b6975e4a7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity; Protective Supplements and Gender Differences
Mehdi
Nematbakhsh
Zahra
Pezeshki
Fatemeh
Eshraghi Jazi
Bahar
Mazaheri
Maryam
Moeini
Tahereh
Safari
Fariba
Azarkish
Fatemeh
Moslemi
Maryam
Maleki
Alireza
Rezaei
Shadan
Saberi
Aghdas
Dehghani
Maryam
Malek
Azam
Mansouri
Marzieh
Ghasemi
Farzaneh
Zeinali
Zohreh
Zamani
Mitra
Navidi
Sima
Jilanchi
Soheyla
Shirdavani
Farzaneh
Ashrafi
Cisplatin (CDDP) has been widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent for solid tumors. The most common side effect of CDDP is nephrotoxicity, and many efforts have been made in the laboratory and the clinic to employ candidate adjuvants to CDDP to minimize this adverse influence. Many synthetic and herbal antioxidants as well as trace elements have been investigated for this purpose in recent years and a variety of positive and negative results have been yielded. However, no definitive supplement has so far been proposed to prevent CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity; however, this condition is gender related and the sex hormone estrogen may protect the kidney against CDDP damage. In this review, the results of research related to the effect of different synthetic and herbal antioxidants supplements are presented and discussed with suggestions included for future work.
Cisplatin
Nephrotoxicity
Antioxidant
Herbal agents
Gender
2017
02
01
295
314
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44110_c8fb0ac31caa82ef58592b6f39cf7968.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Potential Role of E4 Protein in Human Papillomavirus Screening: a Review
Aidy Irman
Yajid
Mohd Azali
Zakariah
Anani Aila
Mat Zin
Nor Hayati
Othman
In 2006, cervical cancer was reported as the second most common cancer in women of Malaysia. This type of cancer has been shown to correlate with persistent high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Although HPV is well known to induce cervical cancer, knowledge of pathways that link the latent stage of the viral replication cycle to precancerous and cancerous stages remains incomplete. However, it is interesting to note that the virus can be isolated from tissues ranging from normal to low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions as well as high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), thus prompting scientists to develop HPV detection methods for screening. Detection of HPV using viral proteins such as L1 and E1 is proposed to be very useful in assisting the management of high risk infection and cervical cancer. These tests however can lead to false positive results, largely due to the exisstence of asymptomatic or transient HPV infections within any given individual. Somes observation indicate that use of HPV proteins such as E6 and E7 might lead to false positive results. However, one particular HPV protein, E4 shows potential as an accurate marker of the tissue state following HPV infection. E4 expression has been shown to correlate with the levels of HPV DNA incorporation by the host. Thus, it is possible that E4 could serve as a useful marker to define stages of viral carcinogenesis.
HPV
E4
cervical cancer
Screening
2017
02
01
315
319
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44507_b78cf936e8bdf2dc94cab0778019e452.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Patient-Linked Factors Associated with Delayed Reporting of Oral and Pharyngeal Carcinoma among Patients Attending National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
Laurence Shreenikumari
Alahapperuma
Eshani Anoja
Fernando
Background: Diagnosis of cancer at an early stage improves prognosis following treatment. Unfortunately a large proportion of oral and pharyngeal cancer patients are diagnosed at late stages which require radical treatment with considerable morbidity and mortality. Many researchers have examined different types of delay that could occur between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis. The objective of this research was to identify patient-linked delays between the time of first noticing symptoms and definitive diagnosis, and its association with the stage at diagnosis among oral and pharyngeal carcinoma patients attending the National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 351 patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of oral cavity and pharynx. Data were collected using an interviewer- administered questionnaire and a data extraction sheet. If a patient had taken more than three months to visit a Health Care Practitioner, it was considered as ‘Patient Delay-1’. If a patient had taken more than two weeks following referral to reach for specialized cancer care, it was considered as ‘Patient Delay 2’. Results: Proportions of ‘Patient Delay-1’ and ‘Patient Delay-2’ were 19% (n=252) and 16% (n=322) respectively. Mean time duration between noticing symptoms to definitive diagnosis was 14.1 weeks (SD=10.3). The proportion of advanced-stage cancers at diagnosis was 59.8%. Conclusion: Stage at diagnosis was significantly associated with ‘Patient Delay -1’ (p = 0.001) but not with ‘Patient Delay-2’. ‘Patient Delay-1’ was significantly associated with level of education (p = 0.001) and the cost of travelling (p = 0.048).
Early Detection of Cancer
Pharyngeal Neoplasms
Primary Health Care
Prognosis
Health Care Costs
2017
02
01
321
325
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44508_f9e7571e940ea3cf88253e84b733818b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Frequency of Epstein Barr Virus Type 1 Among Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas in Iranian Patients
Toran
Shahani
manoochehr
makvandi
Alireza
Samarbafzadeh
Ali
Teimoori
Nastran
Ranjbar
Nader
saki
Soheila
Nikakhlagh
Niloofar
Neisi
Zeinab
Hosseini
Samira
Pourrezaei
Abdolnabi
Shabani
Hashem
Radmehr
Hamide
Mehravaran
Hadis
Kiani
Azadeh
Haghi
Background: Around 95% of the world’s population are infected with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which can persist latent in B lymphocytes and epithelial cells life-long. EBV has been linked with lymphoid and epithelial cancers and persistence of EBV infection in lymphoid or epithelial cells may result in virus-associated B-cell tumors or nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC). This study was conducted to determine the frequency of EBV DNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue of Iranian patients. Materials and methods: A total of 50 blocks of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of NPCs from 38 (76 %) male and 12 (24%) female patients were collected from archives of Ahvaz hospitals. Sections were cut at 5 μm and DNA was extracted for detection of EBV DNA and EBV typing by mested PCR. DNA sequencing was performed to confirm PCR results. The distribution of EBV DNA was compared among WHO histological subtypes of NPC. Results: Some 3 female and 11 (22%) male NPC samples showed positive for EBV DNA type 1, 2/14(22.2%)WHO histological type II and 12/41(29.3%) WHO histological type III. Conclusions: The frequency of EBV DNA among NPCs in Iranian patients was found to be 28%, EBV type I predominating. Both WHO histological type II and III NPC subtypes demonstrated approximately the same detection prevalence.
Epstein-Bar (EBV)
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NCP)
Nested PCR
2017
02
01
327
331
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44486_7954009445a8f4ad8e1f258bb48b2065.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Esophageal Cancer and associated Factors among Uzbek-Turkmen and Other Ethnic Groups in the Northern Part of Afghanistan
Mohammad Hassan
Hamrah
Mohammad Shoaib
Hamrah
Mitsuro
Kanda
Junichi
Sakamoto
Mohammad Hussain
Hamrah
Asif
Hami
Ahmad Edris
Hamrah
Ahmad Elias
Dahi
Mohammad Hashem
Hamrah
Background: A high incidence rate of esophageal cancer has been observed in the Northern part of Afghanistan, particularly among those of Uzbek-Turkmen ethnicity. However, there is a paucity of published data from which to compare the prevalence of environmental risk factors for esophageal cancer between Uzbek-Turkmen and other ethnic groups. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of environmental risk factors associated with esophageal cancer in the Northern part of Afghanistan, focusing on ethnicity differences. Methods: This retrospective study covered 168 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer based on endoscopic findings when attending an outpatient clinic from October 2013 to April 2016. Demographic data and burden of relevant environmental risk factors were compared between Uzbek-Turkmen and other ethnic groups. Results: In the total of 168 patients (108 Uzbek-Turkmen and 60 other ethnicities), males had significantly higher rates of opium use, chewing nass (a mixture of tobacco, ash and lime), and smoking than female patients. The mean age of the Uzbek-Turkmen group was 62.9 years, while that of the other ethnic group cases was 59.1. The prevalence of opium use, chewing nass and hot tea consumption was significantly higher in the Uzbek-Turkmen group. Conclusions: This study showed that there were significant differences in prevalence of opium, nass, and hot tea consumption between Uzbek-Turkmen and the other ethnic group patients with esophageal cancer in the northern part of Afghanistan.
Esophageal Cancer
risks factors
ethnic
Andkhoy
Afghanistan
2017
02
01
333
337
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44422_37c2b7d2813cce24c4ac164d42d32804.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Lycopene Extracts from Different Tomato-Based Food Products Induce Apoptosis in Cultured Human Primary Prostate Cancer Cells and Regulate TP53, Bax and Bcl-2 Transcript Expression
Nathalia
Soares
Clara
Machado
Bruno
Trindade
Ingridy
Lima
Etel
Gimba
Anderson
Teodoro
Christina
Takiya
Radovan
Borojevic
Carotenoids are the main tomato components, especially lycopene. Lycopene is more bioavailable in tomato processed products than in raw tomatos, since formation of lycopene cis-isomers during food processing and storage may increase its biological activity. In the current study, we evaluated the influence of lycopene extracts (5 mg / mL) from different tomato-based food products (paste, sauce, extract and ketchup) on cell viability and apoptosis on primary human prostate cancer cells (PCa cels) for 96h. Using MTT assay, we observed a significant decrease on primary PCa cell viability upon treatment with lycopene extracted from either 4 tomato-based food products. Flow cytometeric analysis revealed that lycopene from tomato extract and tomato sauce promoted up to fifty-fold increase on the proportion of apoptotic cells, when compared to the control group. Using real time PCR assay, we found that lycopene promoted an upregulation of TP53 and Bax transcript expression and also downregulation of Bcl-2 expression in PCa cells. In conclusion, our data demostrate that cis-lycopene promoted a significant inhibition on primary PCa cell viability, as well as an increase on their apoptotic rates, evidencing that cis-lycopene contained in tomato sauce and extract cain mainly modulate of primary human prostate cancer cell survival.
tomato-based food products
lycopene
Prostate Cancer
Gene expression
Apoptosis
2017
02
01
339
345
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44019_98d13cc4017ca22a4654bf3110a28bd8.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Relationship of Lifetime Exposure to Tobacco, Alcohol and Second Hand Tobacco Smoke with Upper aero-digestive tract cancers in India: a Case-Control Study with a Life-Course Perspective
Bhawna
Gupta
Narinder
Kumar
Newell
Johnson
Background: Squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADTSCC) are a multifaceted public health problem. Effects of lifestyle risk factors, including tobacco (chewing and smoking), alcohol drinking and exposure to second hand tobacco smoke (SHS) at home and their association with UADT cancers was assessed in a case-control study with a life-course perspective. The study was conducted at two different hospitals in Pune, India. Material and methods: The total sample size (N=480) included 240 histopathologically confirmed cases of UADT cancers and an equal number of controls frequency matched with cases by gender and age distribution (+5 years). All the patients were interviewed face-face using structured questionnaires. Self-reported information on socio-demographic and lifestyle risk factors from childhood to the date of diagnosis of disease/cancer was obtained. Frequency, duration and age of initiation of habits were also recorded to study dose-response relationships. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated through unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for relevant potential confounders. Results: Chewing tobacco emerged as the strongest predictor for UADT cancers (OR=7.61; 95% CI 4.65-12.45) in comparison to smoking and drinking alcohol. Exposure to SHS during childhood (Conclusions: Early exposure to various modifiable lifestyle risk factors has a strong positive association with UADT cancer incidence. Effective future public health interventions with focus on vital time points in life targeting these risk factors could possibly be a major step in primary prevention and control of this cancer at the population level.
Upper aero-digestive tract cancer
Tobacco
drinking alcohol
second hand tobacco smoke
Case-control study
2017
02
01
347
356
https://journal.waocp.org/article_43998_601ab385c3d103d58ad86f647f2c57ae.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Cervical Cancer Screening in Iranian Women: Healthcare Practitioner Perceptions and Views
Mansoureh
Refaei
Nahid
Dehghan Nayeri
Zohreh
Khakbazan
minoo
pakgohar
Background: Although regular screening for cervical cancer with the Papanicolaou test is an important element for reducing the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer, the actual screening program in Iranian women is not sufficiently comprehensive at present. The purpose of this study was to explore healthcare provider perceptions of factors affecting cervical cancer screening in Iranian women. Methods: In this qualitative study performed from September 2015 to August 2016 in Hamadan, Iran, we conducted semi-structured in depth interviews with 14 healthcare providers selected purposefully. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed according to a conventional thematic analysis approach. MAXQDA10 software was employed for data analysis. Results: Four themes were extracted from data: "Inefficient management of cervical cancer screening process, Personal and professional characteristics of health care providers, Individual barriers and facilitators, Need for health system authorities to pay attention". Conclusion: Increased official attention to screening, and identifying challenges and providing strategies based on these challenges will help in achieving a successful screening program. It is necessary to attend to professional features of medical science students and increase the skills of interaction with clients in addition to academic training. Efforts should be made to increase trust in healthcare providers regarding the Pap test and receptiveness of society to this screening modality through informing the public, with encouragement through the media.
Papanicolaou Test
healthcare practitioners
Iran
2017
02
01
357
363
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44520_1f6633b8e57c5521c9991ec14af3b77d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Effects of Cisplatin-Loaded Niosomal Nanoparticleson BT-20 Human Breast Carcinoma Cells
Leila
Kanaani
Iraj
javadi
Meysam
Ebrahimi-Far
Hasan
Ebrahimi shahmabadi
Azim
Akbarzadeh Khiyavi
Torkan
Mehrdiba
Breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of death among women worldwide. Resistance to cisplatin is a main challenge in its treatment. Our present aim was to prepare nanoniosomated cisplatin and examine its efficacy in vitro using the BT-20 cell line. Niosome nanoparticles containing cisplatin were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spectrophotometry and MTT assay. The size and zeta potential of the nanodrug were estimated as 489.3 ± 23.66 nm and 23.4 ± 2.1 mV, respectively. Drug encapsuies confirmed appropriate retention of particles. Nanoparticles also increased the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin by 1.5 times compared to the standard drug. Findings of our study suggest that niosome nanoparticles are good carriers for cisplatin delivery to breast cancer cells.
KEYWORDS: Breast cancer
Cisplatin
Niosome nanoparticles
MTT
Cytotoxicity
2017
02
01
365
368
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44114_bff3b8e686e9c4f13af40387e5b71f6f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Assessment of Anxiety and Depression Status in Turkish Cutaneous Melanoma Patients
Faruk
Tas
Senem
Karabulut
Hulya
Guveli
Sidika
Kurul
Kayhan
Erturk
Murat
Guveli
Hasibe
Kinik
Background: Even though anxiety and depression are two mood disorders encountered commonly in cancer patients only few trials have been carried out so far in melanoma patients. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical prevalence of these disorders in Turkish cutaneous melanoma patients and to clarify possible clinicopathological factors influencing them. Material and methods: A total of 100 consecutive outpatient melanoma patients were enrolled and asked to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire immediately after scheduled visits. Results: A total of 24 participants had clinical anxiety and 8 were diagnosed with borderline anxiety. Fifteen were diagnosed with clinical depression and 20 with borderline depression. Prior to melanoma diagnosis the majority of the patients, 93 and 86, were assessed as normal in terms of their anxiety and depression status, respectively (p<0.001). A statistically significant correlation was found between anxiety and depression scores (p<0.001). The patients with advanced disease were significantly more anxious and depressive than those with early stage disease. None of the other socio-demographic parameters was found to be correlated with anxiety and depression status. Conclusions: Because a large group of Turkish melanoma patients, nearly one third of the cohort, was found to be suffering from relevant anxiety and depression, it is of uttermost importance that psychological support and pharmacological intervention for these patients be commenced as soon as possible.
Anxiety
depression
Melanoma
Prevalence
Turkish
2017
02
01
369
373
https://journal.waocp.org/article_43845_c7be97e41becb2ffa55766ddb06d4146.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Frequency of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Related Variables in Southern Iran (Ahvaz City): 10-Year Retrospective Study
Sedigheh
Bakhtiari
Hamed
Mortazavi
Masoumeh
Mehdipour
Nahal
Jafarian
Nastaran
Ranjbari
Somayeh
Rahmani
Objective: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a life threatening lesion but there has been only limited research about its frequency in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in the records of the pathology department of Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz between 2005 and 2015. Methods: The retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted using 55,708 medical records of cancer throughout the body, accumulated in the pathology department of Imam Khomeini in Ahvaz in the designated period. Information about age, gender, site of involvement, histological characteristics, status of lymph node metastasis, smoking habit, family history, job and education level was extracted and data were analyzed with the Chi-square test with SPSS version 22. Result: Of the total of 55,708 records, 582 patients (1.04%) had head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. The male to female ratio was 2.85. The frequencies in the head, mouth and neck were 28.7%, 22% and 49.3% respectively. Significant relationships between being male and location (neck) (p = 0.002), age (60 to 80 years old) and being a farmer (p = 0.001) was observed. The most important correlated risk factors were: smoking, sunlight exposure, rural residence, job and education level. Conclusion: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were found to account for 1.04% of all cancers in Ahvaz, one of the southern provinces of Iran.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Iran
Epidemiology
2017
02
01
375
379
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44427_814623cec785bf883ebee596f5ad4ded.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
VEGFR-3 Expression in Oral Lichen Planus
Zahra
Zolfaghari
Maryam
Seyedmajidi
Majid
Sharbatdaran
Ali
Bijani
Fatemeh
Mozaffari
Pouyan
Aminishakib
Background and objective: Given the postulated the role of inflammation and possible contribution of lymphangiogenesis in oral lichen planus, this study aimed to assess any associated presence of VEGFR-3. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 52 formalin fixed and paraffin embedded blocks of oral lichen planus (pathological diagnosis based on Modified WHO criteria), comprising 25 of erosive and 27 of reticular type, along with 60 samples of normal mucosa (with minimal inflammation from clinical and histopathological aspects) obtained at crown lengthening surgery. Four micron sections were cut from paraffin blocks and stained with H and E for confirmation of diagnosis and by immunohistochemistry with primary antibodies against VEGFR-3. Negative controls were provided by omission of primary antibody and placenta was considered as a positive control. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-wallis tests and P Findings: VEGFR-3 expression was apparent in 61.5% of lichen planus specimens and 5% of those from normal mucosa (p<0.001). Also, the average number of stained vessels was significantly higher in oral lichen planus than in normal mucosa (p<0.001). VEGFR-3 expression in oral lichen planus (p=0.262) and the average number of stained vessels (p=0.092) demonstrated no significant difference according to the type. Conclusion: It appears that VEGFR-3 expression might be involved in the pathogenesis of the oral lichen planus through increasing lymphatic vessels and lymphangiogenesis
VEGFR-3
immunohistochemistry
Oral lichen planus
2017
02
01
381
384
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44005_b93cfbf98e0c0e035dc4fac1fef95b2a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Quality of Life in Cervical Cancer Survivors and Healthy Women: Thai Urban Population Study
Pichita
Prasongvej
Tongta
Nanthakomon
Kankamol
Jaisin
Athita
Chanthasenanont
Supapen
Lertvutivivat
Chamnan
Tanprasertkul
Kornkarn
Kornkarn Bhamarapravatana
Komsun
Suwannarurk
Background : To determine a baseline quality of life (QoL) in cervical cancer survivors compared to that of healthy subjects in the tertiary Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand. Materials and Methods: The investigation was conducted at the outpatient gynecological department of Thammasat University Hospital between January and June 2016. A total of 192 women were entered into the study (97 cervical cancer survivors; 37 after radical hysterectomy (RH), 43 with concurrent chemoradiation (CRT), and 17 featuring both RH and CRT; and 95 control subjects from the same outpatient department with no history of malignancy). Participant QoL was assessed using a Thai version of the EORTC-QLQ-C30 (European Organization for Research Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life) and a general survey for the assessment of sociodemographic data was also conducted. Results: There were significant differences in physical, role, emotional and social functions between cervical cancer survivor and control groups. Global health, fatigue, pain, appetite loss, and financial difficulties also demonstrated statistically significant variation. Cervical cancer survivors treated by RH had higher scores for emotional and social function and global health than the control group. Moreover, they had less appetite loss, fatigue and financial difficulties. However, patients treated with CRT experienced more pain than the control group. All cervical cancer survivors had lower physical function scores than the control group. Conclusion: Quality of life in cervical cancer survivors is better than in healthy peers in some domains. Cervical cancer survivors treated with RH may have a better QoL than healthy peers. Early detection for early stage cervical cancer remains most important because treatment in early stages does not cause lowering of the QoL.
cervical cancer
Quality of Life
Radical hysterectomy
Concurrent chemoradiation
2017
02
01
385
389
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44462_e5133c73588fb01efba24b941df1a65f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Meta-Analysis of Serum Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Precursor as a Biomarker for Diagnosis of Small Cell Lung Cancer
Ping
Lv
Yi
Wang
Lang
Huang
Fei
Wang
Guo
Zhou
Hu
Ma
Background: The serum level of gastrin-releasing peptide precursor (proGRP) is generally. elevated in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of serum proGRP in SCLC cases remains controversial. The study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of this biomarker by meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: The Cochrane, Clinical trials, Pubmed, Web of Science and Embase databases were searched and diagnostic values were calculated or extracted. Statistical analysis was accomplished with RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0 software. Results: A total of 27 studies with 7268 participants were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR and DOR were 0.754 (95% CI: 0.700-0.802), 0.945 (95% CI: 0.916-0.965), 13.804 (95% CI: 9.096-20.948), 0.260 (95% CI: 0.213-0.317) and 53.101 (95% CI: 34.327-82.145) respectively. The AUC was 0.910 (95% CI: 0.880-0.930). Significant publication bias was not found (P =0.622). Conclusions: The meta-analysis indicated that serum proGRP is indeed a useful biomarker with good sensitivity and high specificity for diagnosis of SCLC. Therefore proGRP can be expected to be widely applied in the clinic for identification of lung cancer patients.
proGRP
Diagnosis
SCLC
Meta-analysis
2017
02
01
391
397
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44104_d1277ea5826bbaae917d70e0ffca3d04.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of an Ethylacetate Fraction of Picria Fel-Terrae Lour. Herbs
Denny
Satria
Jansen
Silalahi
Ginda
Haro
Syafruddin
Ilyas
Poppy
Hasibuan
Background: Excessive production of oxygen free radicals and imbalance in the mechanisms responsible for antioxidant protection may result in the onset of many diseases including breast cancer. Objective: To evaluate antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of an ethylacetate fraction (EAF) of Picria fel-terrae Lour. Herbs in the T47D cell line. Methods: Phenolic and total flavonoid contents in EAF were determined. EAF was tested for cytotoxicity and effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis, as well as antioxidant activity. Results: EAF was found to contain high levels of phenolic agents (92.88 ± 0.50 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid (84.39 ± 0.07 mg QE/g). The EAF of Picria fel-terrae Lour. herbs was found to have an IC50 of 62.98μg/mL, caused accumulation in G0-G1 and S phase and increased early and late apoptosis. Antioxidant activity in DPPH assays gave an IC50 of 166.90 ± 0.10 μg/mL. Conclusions: The results reveal that EAF of Picria fel-terrae Lour. herbs has antiproliferative activity and strong antioxidant potential. Further studies are now needed to isolate the responsible antiproliferative and antioxidant components.
Antiproliferative
Antioxidant
Picria fel-terrae Lour
ethylacetate fraction
2017
02
01
399
403
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44105_271adce8918bb3634f442cb8eae28b16.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
The Optimal Cut-Off Level of The Fecal Immunochemical Test For Colorectal Cancer Screening in a Country with Limited Colonoscopy Resources: A Multi-Center Study from Thailand
Satimai
Aniwan
Thawee
Ratanachu-Ek
Supot
Pongprasobchai
Julajak
Limsrivilai
Ong-Ard
Praisontarangkul
Pises
Pisespongsa
Pisaln
Mairiang
Apichat
Sangchan
Jaksin
Sottisuporn
Naruemon
Wisedopas
Pinit
Kullavanijaya
Rungsun
Rerknimitr
Background: Selecting the cut-off point for the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs is of prime importance. The balance between the test performance for detecting advanced neoplasia and the available colonoscopy resources should be considered. We aimed to identify the optimal cut-off of FIT for advanced neoplasia in order to minimize colonoscopy burden. Methods: We conducted a multi-center study in 6 hospitals from diverse regions of Thailand. Asymptomatic participants, aged 50-75 years, were tested with one-time quantitative FIT (OC-SENSOR, Eiken Chemical Co.,Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and all participants underwent colonoscopy. We assessed test performance in detecting advanced neoplasia (advanced adenoma and CRC) and measured the burden of colonoscopy with different cut-offs [25 (FIT25), 50 (FIT50), 100 (FIT100), 150 (FIT150), and 200 (FIT200)ng/ml]. Results: Among 1,479 participants, advanced neoplasia and CRC were found in 137 (9.3%) and 14 (0.9%), respectively. From FIT25 to FIT200, the positivity rate decreased from 18% to 4.9%. For advanced neoplasia, an increased cut-off decreased sensitivity from 42.3% to 16.8% but increased specificity from 84.2% to 96.3%. The increased cut-off increased the positive predictive value (PPV) from 21.5% to 31.5%. However, all cut-off points provided a high negative predictive value (NPV) (>90%). For CRC, the miss rate for FIT25 to FIT 150 was the same (n=3, 21%), whereas that with FIT200 increased to 35% (n=5). Conclusions: In a country with limited-colonoscopy resources, using FIT150 may be preferred because it offers both high PPV and NPV for advanced neoplasia detection. It could also decrease colonoscopy workload, while maintaining a CRC miss rate similar to those with lower cut-offs.
Fecal Occult Blood Test
Colorectal cancer screening
colonoscopy
colorectal cancer
2017
02
01
405
412
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44420_aac901ecac61c9bf254aac68eb41960c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Mutation Analysis of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1/2) and DNA Methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) in Thai Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Tanasan
Sirirat
Suporn
Chuncharunee
Pimjai
Nipaluk
Teerapong
Siriboonpiputtana
Takol
Chareonsirisuthigul
Nittaya
Limsuwannachot
Budsaba
Rerkamnuaychoke
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell disorder which features several genetic mutations. Recurrent genetic alterations identified in AML are recognized as causes of the disease, finding application as diagnostic, prognostic and monitoring markers, with potential use as targets for cancer therapy. Here, we performed a pyrosequencing technique to investigate common mutations of IDH1, IDH2 and DNMT3A in 81 newly diagnosed AML patients. The prevalences of IDH1, IDH2 and DNMT3A mutations were 6.2%, 18.5%, and 7.4%, respectively. In addition, exclusive mutations in IDH1 codon 132 (R132H, R132C, R132G and R132S) were identified in all IDH1-mutated cases indicating that these are strongly associated with AML. Interestingly, higher median blast cell counts were significantly associated with IDH1/2 and DNMT3A mutations. In summary, we could establish a routine robust pyrosequencing method to detect common mutations in IDH1/2 and DNMT3A and demonstrate the frequency of those mutations in adult Thai AML patients.
acute myeloid leukemia
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
DNA methyltransferase
Pyrosequencing
2017
02
01
413
420
https://journal.waocp.org/article_43436_40554f5ac47f842bf25edaeb3bafe023.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Epidemiological Characteristics of Retinoblastoma in Children Attending Almouassat University Hospital, Damascus, Syria, 2012-2016
Ahmad
Al Hasan
Rashad
Murad
Khaldoun
Zaid
Jourjous
A Daoud
Khaled
Zaid
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a malignant tumor that originates from the developing retina. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms and usually children under the age of five years are affected. Early diagnosis and treatment of Rb and non-ocular tumors can reduce morbidity and increase longevity. Treatment in the early stages may allow a good prognosis and salvage of visual function.The aim of this study is to present descriptive epidemiological aspects of retinoblastomas in children seen at Almouassat University Hospital (AUH) in Damascus, Syria from 1 January 2012 to 31 October 2016In this retrospective, observational hospital survey, medical records of 37 retinoblastoma cases were reviewed. The male/female (M/F) ratio was 1.6. The most frequent presenting sign was leukocoria (56.7%) and 81% of cases were diagnosed between the ages of 4 months and 3 years. More than 73% of cases were diagnosed early at stages I and II.
retinoblastoma
Epidemiology
children
2017
02
01
421
424
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44494_3af1e9d7f49081d5cf6e07446cb3a519.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Comparison of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Carboplatin Retreatment in Gynecologic Cancer Patients between One and Two Hour Infusions: a Randomized Trial Study
Weerawich
Pornwattanakrilert
Prapaporn
Suprasert
Objective: To compare the incidence rate of carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) in gynecologic cancer patients receiving one-hour or two-hour carboplatin retreatment infusions. Setting: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: Recurrent gynecologic cancer patients 25 to 80-years of age who were scheduled to receive carboplatin retreatment after previously receiving at least six cycles of carboplatin without a history of platinum allergy were invited to enroll. They were randomized to receive either a one-hour or two-hour carboplatin infusion in each cycle. The nurses recorded any occurrence of HSR. Patients who developed carboplatin HSR were discontinued from the study. Results: Forty-five patients were enrolled and randomized to receive either a one-hour carboplatin infusion arm in 69 cycles or a two-hour infusion arm in 67 cycles. Both groups were well balanced regarding median age, body mass index, type of cancer, history of drug allergy, median platinum free interval time, median total number of previous carboplatin cycles, premedication type, regimen and median total dose of carboplatin. Five (3.67%) of the 136 cycles resulted in carboplatin HSR, all of which were Grade 1. Of these, four cycles developed HSR during the one-hour infusion and only one cycle with a two-hour infusion (P=0.37). The onset of carboplatin HSR occurred within 30-105 minutes after infusion start. Conclusion: Extending the carboplatin infusion time to two hours from one hour did not significantly decrease carboplatin HSR.
Carboplatin
hypersensitivity reaction
gynecologic cancer
extended infusion time
2017
02
01
425
430
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44021_81a750a09a20b7523eea7522f39cd07a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Value of Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) Mapping and Biopsy using Combined Intracervical Radiotracers and Blue Dye Injections for Endometrial Cancer
Farah
Farzaneh
Atefeh
Moridi
Zahra
Azizmohammadi
Mojtaba
Ansari J
Maryam Sadat
Hosseini
Maliheh
Arab
Tahereh
Ashrafganjoei
Mina
Mazaheri
Background: Lymphadenectomy, as part of the initial surgical staging of patients with endometrial carcinoma, remains a controversial topic in gynecologic oncology. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping has become a well-accepted procedure for melanomas and breast cancer; a number of investigators have begun to explore the utility and accuracy of this technique with regard to endometrial cancer. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate SLN mapping of early stage endometrial cancer with blue dye in conjunction with a radioactive tracer. Subjects and methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, patients with stage I and II endometrial cancer who were candidates for systemic lymph node dissection during surgery were enrolled, some underwent lymph node mapping and SLN biopsy using combined intra cervical radiotracer and blue dye injections and some applying only an intra cervical radiotracer. SLNs and other lymph nodes were sent for pathological assessment. Sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value, and the negative predictive value were calculated as predictive values for the radiotracer and blue dye. Results: Pre-operative lymph node mapping showed SLN in 29 out of 30 patients. Intra operations in 29/30 patients, SLNs were harvested by gamma probe; in 13 out of 19 patients SLNs were detected by blue dye. The median number of SLNs per patient was 3 and the total number of SLNs detected was 81. Four patients had positive pelvic lymph nodes. All of the positive nodes were SLNs. Using this technique (radiotracer and blue dye) an overall detection rate of 96.7%, an NPV of 100%, a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 3.85% were achieved. Conclusion: Results of SLN research for endometrial cancer are promising and make feasible the possibility of avoiding unnecessary aggressive surgical procedures in near future by advances in SLN mapping.
Sentinel Lymph Node
radiotracer
blue dye
cervical injection
Endometrial cancer
2017
02
01
431
435
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44109_7787e35dededf054029162caeea4c6e3.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Edible Mushrooms from Niger Delta, Nigeria: Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment
sorbari
igbiri
Nnaemeka
Udowelle
Osazuwa
Ekhator
Rose
Asomugha
Zelinjo
Igweze
orish
orisakwe
In the oil-rich Niger Delta, hydrocarbon pollution and oil spillages, gas flaring and sundry anthropogenic activities constitute sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with food contamination playing a major role in human exposure. In this study we assessed PAH levels in wild and cultivated edible mushroom species consumed by the general population from the oil producing Niger Delta, Nigeria. The concentrations of USEPA-16 PAHs were determined by gas chromatography and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were calculated. The concentrations of USEPA-16 PAHs ranged from 0.02 mg/kg – 3.37 mg/kg. The dietary intake of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic USEPA-16 PAHs (Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Anthracene, Phenanthrene, Flourene, Flouranthene, Pyrene, Benzo[a]Anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo[a]Pyrene, Benzo[b]Flouranthene, Benzo[K]Flouranthene, Benzo[g,h,i] Perylene, Dibenz[a,h]Anthracene and Ideno[1,2,3-cd]Pyrene) for adults, adolescents and seniors ranged from 0.00 – 0.05 mg/kg/day, 0.00 – 0.06 mg/kg/day and 0.00 – 0.07 mg/kg/day. The BaPeq ranged from 0.02 – 2.76 with margin of exposure MOE values of BaP ranging from 3,500,000 to 700,000, 3,500,000 and 3,500,000 to 7,000,000 for adults, adolescents and seniors indicating very insignificant health risk. The incremental lifetime cancer risk was within the safe range of 1.56x10-8 – 1.73x10-6 with the highest calculated risk found for wild Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom species from the study area.
superfoods
farm produce
Organic pollutants
risk assessments
public health
2017
02
01
437
447
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44448_d7490ba738f9bddb0464fedf1f9a742f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Effects of a Self-Encouragement Program on Stress of Mothers of Children with Cancer Referred to Imam Ali Hospital, Zahedan, In 2015
Mahdieh
Saljughi
Narges
Sadeghi
Introduction: In addition to the physical problems for the patients themselves, cancer can cause several social and psychological problems to the family, especially the mother in pediatric cases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a self-encouragement program on stress of mothers of children with cancer referred to Imam Ali Hospital of Zahedan in 2015. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 44 mothers with children suffering from cancer, referred to the hospital during October and November of 2015. Convenience sampling was used, and the mothers were randomly allocated into two 22-member groups. The Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) was the data collection instrument. Educational classes were held in the hospital. Confidentiality and mutual respect were observed by each and every member of the group. Data obtained before and after the intervention were analyzed using the independent t-test, paired t-test and ANOVA. The significance level was set at 0.05. Findings: The most frequent diseases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (47%) and brain tumors (16%). The results indicated that the mean score of stress in the control group did not significantly between the two time points (P=0.106). In the intervention group, however, there was a significant difference in stress mean scores before (54.3±2.0) and after (37.1±1.8) the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: Self-encouragement can help mothers dealing with a diseased child to feel less stressed. Therefore, they may be able to act more effectively when faced with problems.
Stress
Self-encouragement
cancer
children
Mothers
2017
02
01
449
453
https://journal.waocp.org/article_43624_e8d90c36b6bcda2deef4418f3ce991a7.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
High Fluoroquinolone Resistant Strains of Helicobacter Pylori in the Golden Triangle
Ratha-korn
Vilaichone
Thawee
Ratanachu-ek
Pornpen
Gamnarai
Phawinee
Subsomwong
Tomahisa
Uchida
Yoshio
Yamaoka
Varocha
Mahachai
Background and aims: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections, associated with fatal GI diseases such as gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma, remain a major health problem in ASEAN countries. The Golden triangle has long been known as one of Asia’s main opium-producing areas. There have been no prior studies of H. pylori infection in this area. The major objectives of this project were therefore to establish prevalence, antibiotic resistance patterns and associated predictive in the Golden triangle. Methods: We recruited dyspeptic patients in Chiang khong and Chiang saen districts, Chiangrai province of Thailand. All subjects underwent gastroscopy, and 3 antral gastric biopsies were collected for rapid urease tests and H. pylori culture. E-tests were used to evaluate the MICs for metronidazole (MNZ), levofloxacin (LVX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), amoxicillin(AMX), tetracycline (TET) and clarithromycin (CLR). Results: Total of 148 patients was included. H. pylori infection was present in 36.3%(37/102) of Chiang khong and 34.8 % (16/46) of Chiang saen subjects and the overall H. pylori infection rate was 35.8% (53/148). Antibiotic resistance was demonstrated in 44%, including 2% for CLR and 26% for MNZ, whereas fluoroquinolone resistance was demonstrated to be as high as 25% in Chiang khong. Multi-drug resistant H. pylori was detected in 4%. There was no AMX and TET resistance in this study. The prevalence of CLR resistance on a background of gastritis was significantly higher than peptic ulcer disease in the golden triangle area (100%vs 0%: P= 0.04). Conclusions: H. pylori remains a common infection in the Golden triangle. MNZ resistance appears to be high, whereas fluoroquinolone resistance is prevalent and is becoming a significant problem in this area. Diagnosis of gastritis might be a predictor of CLR resistance in the Golden triangle. H. pylori eradication with an appropriate regimen by using the local antibiotic resistant pattern is a key important tool to reduce H. pylori associated GI diseases in this particular part of the world.
Helicobacter pylori
Antibiotic Resistance
Golden triangle
2017
02
01
455
458
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44106_23fea6983b834458e63c089b891bb96e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Histopathologic Evolution of Urothelial Carcinoma Recurrence in Transurethral Resection of the Urinary Bladder:35 Consecutive Cases And Literature Review
Ali
Koyuncuer
Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the malignancy most frequently encountered in the urinary bladder.The primary aim of this study was to make a reappraisal of histopathologic features, recurrence and progression. Materials and Methods: The records of cases consecutively diagnosed with UC in the state hospital pathology laboratory were collected. Cases were classified according to age, gender, histologic grade, pathologic staging [primary Tumor (pT)] ,tumor configuration, primary or recurrent status, and progression. Results: A total of 35 (29 male and 6 female) cases were examined. The mean age was 68.9 years with a male-to-female incidence ratio of 4.8:1. Low-grade UCs accounted for 20 (57.1%) and high-grade for 15 (42.9%). A papillary pattern was observed in 80% of the UCs, classified into the following pathological stages: 11 (31.4%) pTa, 22 (62.9%) pT1, and 2 (5.9%) pT2 cases. Eleven patients progressed to a higher stage (pT1 to pT2), and three cases from low to higher grade. We analyzed results for 26 (74.3%) cases aged 65 years or older. Conclusions: UCs have a great tendency for recurrence but potentially may be amenable to effective local or systemic treatments.
Bladder
Carcinoma
Grade
stage
Recurrence
Urothelial
2017
02
01
459
463
https://journal.waocp.org/article_43627_c1c33810e3376bd0c4000893d9b762df.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Anxiety Disorders in Family Caregivers of Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Oncologic Treatment in Malaysia
Siti Hazrah
Selamat Din
Nik Ruzyanei
Nik Jaafar
Hazli
Zakaria
Suriati
Mohamed Saini
Siti Nor Aizah
Ahmad
Marhani
Midin
Background: Anxiety is recognized as a normal psychological reaction of those caring for cancer patients. However, anxiety disorders in caregivers may interfere with their care-giving role and require further clinical attention. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety disorders among caregivers of breast cancer patients receiving oncologic treatment in Kuala Lumpur Hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 caregiver-patient dyads, recruited by non-random sampling at Kuala Lumpur Hospital. Data were collected in 2 stages: 1) the caregivers were screened for psychological distress using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Scale (DASS-21) while other related factors for the patients and their caregivers were obtained; 2) the identified distressed caregivers (n=64) were then administered the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to diagnose anxiety disorders. Results: A total of 11.5% (n=15) of the caregivers reported suffering from anxiety disorders. Bivariate analysis found duration of caregiving (OR=3.31; CI=2.21-11.93), shared caregiving (OR=4.07; CI=1.34-12.36), and patients’ treatment type (OR=3.42; CI=1.92-12.76) were significantly associated with anxiety disorders (p value <0.05), with shared caregiving and patient’s treatment type remaining significant using logistic regression (p value < 0.05, R2 = 0.255). Conclusions: Every one in ten of the caregivers in this study had a diagnosable anxiety disorder, associated with certain care-giving factors and patients’ treatment. This should alert clinicians to such risk and indicates psychological support needs for family caregivers.
family caregivers
anxiety disorders
psycho oncology
cancer
2017
02
01
465
471
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44496_e0d396c2e317b951f9a447e4aec428e6.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Metformin Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells
Son
Trinh
Huyen
Nguyen
Kween
Saimuang
Virapong
Prachayasittikul
Waraporn
Chan-on
Background: Metformin is an oral anti-diabetic agent that has been widely prescribed for treatment of type II diabetes. Anti-cancer properties of metformin have been revealed for numerous human malignancies including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with anti-proliferative effects in vitro. However, effects on CCA cell migration and invasion have not been fully investigated. The present study aimed to explore the inhibitory effects of metformin on motility, migration and invasion of the CCA cell line HuCCT1, and examine molecular mechanisms underlying metformin effects. Methods: HuCCT1 cells were exposed to increasing doses of metformin. Viability and growth of HuCCT1 cells were assessed by MTS and colony formation assays, respectively. Motility, migration and invasion of metformin-treated HuCCT1 cells were determined in vitro using wound healing, transwell migration and matrigel invasion assays. Expression of signaling molecules and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was assessed by Western blotting. Results: It was observed that metformin significantly decreased HuCCT1 cell viability and colony formation. The agent also markedly reduced wound closure, migration and invasion of HuCCT1 cells. Furthermore, metformin exposure resulted in decreased STAT3 activation and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 expression. In addition, it upregulated the expression of E-cadherin, while downregulating that of N-cadherin, Snail, and MMP-2. Conclusion: These results demonstrated inhibitory effects of metformin on CCA cell migration and invasion, possibly involving the STAT3 pathway and reversal of EMT markers expression. They further suggest that metformin may be useful for CCA management.
cholangiocarcinoma
Metformin
migration
Invasion
EMT
2017
02
01
473
477
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44421_320d80d9b5cf5f7740f9e9a2ae4490fe.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Efficacy and Toxicity of Low-Dose versus Conventional-Dose Chemotherapy for Malignant Tumors: a Meta-Analysis of 6 Randomized Controlled Trials
Xianhe
Xie
Yupeng
Wu
Shuimei
Luo
Haitao
Yang
Lina
Li
Sijing
Zhou
Ruifen
Shen
Heng
Lin
Low-dose chemotherapy has emerged as a new strategy for control of cancer. However, there is a controversy as to whether low-dose chemotherapy is an effective way to manage many human malignancies. To shed light on this controversy, we performed a meta-analysis of relative merits between low-dose and conventional-dose chemotherapy in different carcinomas. Studies published before February 29, 2016 were reviewed for the meta-analysis and selected according to defined criteria. The effect levels of low-dose chemotherapy regarding overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and severe adverse events (SAEs) (Grade≥3) were calculated as risk ratios (ORs) or adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Six randomized controlled studies (RCTs) have provided data for low-dose chemotherapy versus conventional-dose chemotherapy for 838 cases and 833 cases, respectively. Interestingly, low-dose chemotherapy achieved the same desired potency as conventional-dose chemotherapy, with no differences in pooled ORR (RR=1.00, 95%CI [0.89, 1.13]; (P=0.97), OS (HR=1.07, 95%CI [0.90, 1.26]; P=0.44) and PFS (HR=1.02, 95%CI [0.84, 1.23]; P=0.87) values. Furthermore, pooled data for common SAEs showed that, compared with conventional-dose chemotherapy regimen, low-dose chemotherapy regimen resulted in significant less mucositis (P<0.0001), thrombocytopenia (P<0.00001), anemia (P=0.0001) and febrile neutropenia (P=0.004). At the same time, no statistically significant differences were observed with regard to treatment-related death (P=0.36), diarrhea (P=0.49), leucopenia (P=0.11), neutropenia (P=0.74) and nausea/vomiting (ʺʺ0.21). Publication bias was assessed by Egger?s test and the funnel plot. In conclusion, the meta-analysis seems to support the idea that low-dose chemotherapy may play an important role in achieving the same desired potency as conventional-dose chemotherapy in managing malignant tumors. Moreover, low-dose regimen seems to possess positive advantages of lower toxicity which is a particular concern for most patients.
low-dose
conventional-dose
Chemotherapy
malignant tumors
RCT
2017
02
01
479
484
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44107_edd4b101d4d89cf49fda3d7545aaa174.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Hyperuricemia at The Time Of Diagnosis is a Factor for Poor Prognosis in Patients With Stage II and III Colorectal Cancer (Uric Acid and Colorectal Cancer)
Ahmet Ozan
Cetin
Muhyettin
Omar
Serkan
Calp
Hasan
Tunca
Nevin
Yilmaz
Burak
Ozseker
Ozgur
Tanriverdi
Purpose: In this pilot study we investigated whether serum levels of uric acid, the final breakdown product of purine metabolism, might influence cancer-related events in stage II and III colorectal cancer patients. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, a total of 150 stage II and III colorectal adenocarcinoma patients with no exclusion criteria were included. Serum uric acid levels of the patients measured at diagnosis and demographic, clinical, laboratory analyses were performed and histologically features recorded. Patients were stratified into quartiles according to serum uric acid level with different cut-off values. Results: The mean serum uric acid level of all patients was determined o be 6.97±2.87 md/dL (range, 3.1-12.4). Median follow-up time was 98 (range 9-98) months and the proportion of patients who did not relapse was 22%. It was determined that majority of the patients who had serum uric acid levels over 8.37 mg/dL had stage IIIB lesions, were smokers, were among those who lost weight, with metastasis to the liver and with significantly leukocyte and platelet counts. Conclusions: Serum uric acid levels measured at the time of diagnosis may be associated with cancer-related events so we can conclude a prognostic value of increase in colorectal cancer patients.
Uric Acid
colorectal cancer
Prognosis
2017
02
01
485
490
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44113_16a1e1576f441b4322a5de89d161f8c0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Evolution of the Histo-Epidemiological Profile of Urological Cancers in Togo
Tchin
Darre
Kue
Folligan
Tchilabalo Matchonna
Kpatcha
Kokou
Kanassouwa
Edoe
Sewa
Sassil
Dare
Kodjo
Tengue
Koffi
Amegbor
Gado
Napo-Koura
Background: Urological cancers are an important public health issue and pose problems with diagnosis and adequate management in developing countries. Our aim was to determine and report epidemiological and histological features of urological cancers in Togo. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted of cases of urological cancers observed in the laboratory of pathological anatomy of the CHU Tokoin over the last 4 years (2012-2016). The parameters studied were frequency, age, sex, sites of development and histological type. Results: Epidemiological data were collected for 182 cases, representing 16.4% of all cancers (1108 cases). The annual frequency was 45.5±1.1 cases on average. The male:female sex ratio was 8.6 with a mean age of 60.2 years. Regarding location, in decreasing order of frequency, the tumors were found in the prostate (n=121 cases; 66.5%), bladder (n=28; 15.4%), kidney (n=19; 10.4%), testis (n=10; 5%), penis (n=3; 1.7%) and scrotum (n=1; 0.5%). Histologically, prostate cancers were predominantly adenocarcinomas (n=116 cases; 95.8%) with a Gleason score of 6 (n=46; 39.7%) predominant. Bladder cancers were mainly squamous cell carcinomas (n=11; 39.3%) followed by transitional carcinomas (n=9 cases; 32.1%) and adenocarcinomas (n=7; 25%). Kidney cancers were predominantly nephroblastomas (n=10, 52.6%) in children and clear cell carcinomas (n=8 cases; 42.1%) in adults. Testicular cancers were Burkitt lymphomas in 5 cases. The cases of penis and scrotum cancers were all squamous cell carcinomas. Conclusion: Urological cancers are experiencing an upsurge in frequency in Togo, dominated by prostate cancer, with a high frequency of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder due to endemic bilharziasis.
Key words: Cancer
urology
Epidemiology
histology
Togo
2017
02
01
491
494
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44485_4918c020d95afa2d8806f7f41478fb87.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Assessing the Effect of Waterpipe Smoking on Cancer Outcome - a Systematic Review of Current Evidence
Kamran Habib
Awan
Kamran
Siddiqi
Shankargouda
Patil
Quratul Ann
Hussain
Background: Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is widely believed to be a safe and hazard-free tobacco habit. However, a number of studies have indicated that exposure to several toxicants and carcinogens through WPS is strongly related to serious health hazards. The current paper presents a narrative review on the effects of WPS on cancer outcome. Methods: The addressed focused question was "Is there an association between waterpipe smoking and cancer outcome?" PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science and the Cochrane databases were searched until June 2015 using the key words "Waterpipe", "Hookah", "Narghileh", "Shisha", "Hubbly Bubbly" "cancer" in various combinations. Letters to the Editor, review articles, case-reports and unpublished articles were excluded. Results: A total of 16 studies were included: six on lung cancer, three on oesophageal cancer, two on gastric cancer, two on bladder cancer, and one each on nasopharyngeal, pancreatic and prostate cancers. Our search did not yield any study that evaluated the risk of oral cancer in WPS users. The available evidence showed a significant association of WPS with lung cancer (UOR 6.0, 95% CI 1.78–20.26); however, no association was observed with bladder, nasopharyngeal, pancreatic and prostate cancers. Gastric (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.7-7.1) and oesophageal cancers (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.41-2.44) were observed to have weak associations with WPS. Conclusion: Regardless of the limitations, there is sufficient evidence to suggest associations of WPS with cancer, particularly in the lung. Future well-designed studies are required to identify and quantify with confidence all the health effects of this form of smoking.
Waterpipe smoking
Shisha
Tobacco
cancer
Systematic review
2017
02
01
495
502
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44108_7e4c5da4bdddfe04baf85aff2117773e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Association of the Asp1312Gly Thyroglobulin Gene Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in an Iranian Population
Maryam
Abidi
Shima
Fayaz
Pezhman
Fard-Esfahani
Background and aim: While the causes of thyroid cancer in most patients remain largely unknown, it has recently been reported that there may be links to particular chromosome regions. In particular, polymorphisms (SNPs) in the thyroglobulin (TG) gene could be susceptibility factors. Methods: In this case-control study, any association of the Asp1312Gly single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the TG gene (rs2069556) with susceptibility to differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) was investigated among 103 Iranian patients and 100 controls who had no history of any type of cancer. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood by salting out procedure. High Resolution Melting (HRM) technique was used to detect this SNP. Results: Data were analyzed with SPSS software and the results showed that the recessive GG genotype was associated with an increased risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma when compared to the AA+AG genotypes (OR: 2.06; CI: 1.09-3.89; P-value: 0.025). Conclusion: Although our study demonstrated that differentiated thyroid cancer is significantly associated with this polymorphism, further studies with larger populations are required to confirm our findings.
High resolution melting (HRM) analysis
thyroid carcinoma
Single nucleotide polymorphism
2017
02
01
503
506
https://journal.waocp.org/article_43620_2830f83538a6179b9335a9dce98e54f3.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
ERCC1 Expression in Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Mohamed Ali
El Baiomy
Wagdi F
El Kashef
Background: Possible targeted therapies for metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) include cytotoxic chemotherapy that causes interstrand breaks (platinum-based drugs). The excision repair cross-complementation 1 (ERCC1) enzyme plays an essential role in the nucleotide excision repair pathway, removing platinum-induced DNA adducts and contributing to cisplatin resistance. Detecting ERCC1 overexpression is important in considering treatment options for metastatic TNBC, including individualized approaches to therapy, and may facilitate improved responses or reduction of unnecessary toxicity. We hypothesized that assigning cisplatin based on pretreatment ERCC1 expression would improve response and survival. This study was conducted to assess the impact of ERCC1 expression on PFS, OS and response rates in metastatic triple negative breast cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: From June 2012 to November 2013, 52 metastatic triple negative breast cancer patients were enrolled. ERCC1 protein expression was detected from pretreatment biopsies by Immunohistochemistry. All patients received cisplatin plus paclitaxel. The primary end point was the impact of ERCC1 expression on PFS and OS. Results: 34 patients (65.4%) showed positive ERCC1 expression while 18 (34.6%) proved negative. Positive ERCC1 expression was associated with short PFS (median, 5 months vs. 7 months; P = 0.043), short OS (median, 9 months vs. 11 months; P = 0.033) and poor response to cisplatin based chemotherapy (P = 0.046). Conclusions: This prospective study further validated ERCC1 as a reliable biomarker for customized chemotherapy in metastatic triple negative breast cancer patients. High expression of ERCC1 was thereby fond to be significantly associated with poor outcome in patients treated with platinum based chemotherapy.
ERCC1
Triple negative
Metastatic
Breast
2017
02
01
507
513
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44510_46efe8bdef8d1ebdbace827e66a971fd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Validation of an Indonesian Version of the Breast Cancer Awareness Scale (BCAS-I)
Solikhah
Supannee
Promthet
Nitchamon
Rakkapao
Cameron
Hurst
Background: Raising breast cancer awareness is a key strategy to reduce associated mortality. While a paucity of adequately validated instruments for breast cancer awareness is applicable across cultures, even outside the health care setting such instruments have been developed. Objective: This study investigated the validity and psychometric properties of a breast cancer awareness scale in Indonesia (BCAS-I). Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among Indonesian women conveniently selected within three provinces (Yogyakarta, South of Sumatera and East Nusa Tenggara) located in rural-urban areas using stratified random sampling. First, we translated all questionnaires from English to the local language and then back-translated. The third step was to perform psychometric testing of the adapted instrument by establishing internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha score 0.79) and construct validity by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: In the 856 participants who responded (responded rate = 98.28%), the age ranged from 18 to 80 years old (mean = 30, SD = 11). The BCAS-I was shown to have good internal consistency, and CFA demonstrated the model fit data adequately (χ2 = 922.267, df = 515, p <0.001, comparative fit index = 0.965, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.96, goodness-of-fit index = 0.97, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.97, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.03 95% confidence interval: 0.027, 0.034). The final version of BCAS-I consists of 33 items across 5 domains that cover most key aspects of breast cancer awareness for this population. Conclusion: The BCAS-I demonstrated good psychometric properties and was found to be valid to provide a measurement of breast cancer awareness in Asian women in general and Indonesian women in particular.
breast cancer
Breast cancer awareness
Instrument Validation
Indonesian Women
2017
02
01
515
522
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44428_8be86975af1e5002f6c433650b530ee2.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Correlation between Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Disease Activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a Cross-Sectional Study
Ahmad
Piroozmand
Hamed
Haddad Kashani
Batool
Zamani
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease for whose pathogenesis viral infections are important. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the main infectious etiological agent. This study aimed to quantitative evaluation of EBV in SLE patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients with SLE diagnosed based on American College of Rheumatology criteria were selected using purposive sampling. All were included in the study after obtaining informed consent for participation. Whole blood samples were taken and buffy coat preparations were isolated to determine viral load using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method and assessment with the SLE disease activity index (SLE-DAI). Results: From a total of 40 patients, 37 cases (92.5%) were women. The EBV test was positive in 67.5% and mean viral load was 5396 ± 1891.9 copy/ml. Twenty of forty patients had active and 50% inactive disease, mean EBV viral loads being 6798 and 28.25 copy/ml, respectively (P-value = 0.003). In terms of the severity of disease activity, 17.5 % of female patients had mild to moderate activity, whilst 32.5% of them had severe activity, with respective viral loads of 5,803.3 and 29.73 copy/ml (P-value = 0.003). Conclusion: The Epstein-Barr viral load in SLE patients with active disease was found to be markedly higher than in inactive cases. Thus, EBV may have an important role in the pathogenesis and activity of SLE.
Epstein-Barr Virus
Viral load
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Real-Time PCR
Infection
2017
02
01
523
527
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44449_9ce3cce9084099f9140c13435ed34eb5.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Carcinogenic Liver Fluke and Others Contaminated in Pickled Fish of Northeastern Thailand
Ratchadawan
Aukkanimart
Thidarut
Boonmars
Pranee
Sriraj
Panupan
Sripan
Jiraporn
Songsri
Panaratana
Ratanasuwan
Porntip
Laummaunwai
Apiporn
Suwannatrai
Surasit
Aunpromma
Sukhonthip
Khueangchaingkhwang
Benjamabhorn
Pumhirunroj
Atchara
Artchayasawat
Narong
Khuntikeo
Watcharin
Loilome
Nisana
Namwat
Puangrat
Yongvanit
Sirintip
Boonjaraspinyo
Twenty provinces in northeastern Thailand were investigated for fluke metacercariae contamination in pickled fish, or pla-som, during January –June 2016. A total of 129 pickled fish shops were randomly chosen. Samples were digested with acid-pepsin and those found to be infected with metacercariae were fed to hamsters to test for metacercariae infectivity. The results demonstrated that only 20.2% of the pla-som samples were infected with fluke metacercariae (mc), at various levels (1 to 268 mc/kg). All recovered fluke metacercariae were inactive, degenerated and could not develop to adults in the animal model. In conclusion, the fluke mc infection status in pla-som was correlated with the prevalence of fluke infection in this region known for high O.viverrini and cholangiocarcinoma development. Clearly, systematic control of the fluke life cycle is needed. Whether pickling is an effective preventive measure needs further assessment.
Fluke
Pickled fish
cholangiocarcioama
Survey
Metacercariae
2017
02
01
529
533
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44495_57d4457bc404c289ac884276aeee91a4.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Bone Mineral Density in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Farzaneh
Rohani
Khadijeh
Arjmandi Rafsanjani
Gholamreza
Bahoush
Mansoureh
Sabzehparvar
Mohammad
Ahmadi
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) after completion of treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 103 survivors of ALL aged 13.5 ± 0.45 who completed their treatment at least one year earlier were enrolled. Among these, 49.5% and 51.5% received chemotherapy alone and chemotherapy plus cranial radiotherapy, respectively. Bone mineral content, BMD, and bone mineral apparent density in the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) and forearm were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). BMD Z-scores were classified according to International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) criteria. Results: The mean BMD Z-scores ± SD forLS, FN and forearm were -1.60 ± 0.12, -1.21 ± 0.9 and -2.43 ± 0.14 respectively with significant differences (P<0.001). Considering the lowest BMD Z-score in LS and FN areas (at any site) and according to the ISCD classification, 62.1%, 33% and 4.9% of the patients had normal BMD, low BMD and osteoporosis, respectively. Also, 8.7% of patients had developed fractures after completion of the treatment period, 4.9% having BMD Z-Scores Conclusions: ALL patients are at risk for low BMD and fracture. Therefore, applying DEXA scanning is recommended after completion of therapy for prevention of BMD reduction and osteoporosis.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
treatment
Bone
Chemotherapy
fracture
2017
02
01
535
540
https://journal.waocp.org/article_43241_244ee4e35a05a75b60598d5c67c454f6.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Diagnostic Value of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies and Pathologic Methods for Benign and Malignant Breast Masses and Axillary Node Assessment
Mojtaba
Ahmadinejad
Leila
Hajimaghsoudi
Seyyed Mohsen
Pouryaghobi
Izadmehr
Ahmadinejad
Koorosh
Ahmadi
Bacground: The goal of this study was to evaluate the fine needle aspiration (FNA) preoperatively together with Touch Print, Crush Print, frozen section and pathologic methods to reach a diagnosis for patients with breast and axillary masses. Methods: This study was conducted on 107 patients, and included 111 samples of breast and 43 of axillary masses taken at surgery. Data on epidemiological and clinical features of the patients were collected using a questionnaire. The results of the methods of FNA, Touch Print, and Crush Print were compared with the results of pathology after operations. Results: Comparison between the diagnosis values of FNA with pathology for breast cancer showed sensitivity, sensitivity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, positive mendacious percentages, and negative mendacious percentages of 80.4%, 98%, 97.3%, 87.6%, 2%, and 19.6% , respectively, and for metastatic axillary lymph nodes, 80%, 95.6%, 94.1%, 84.6%, 4.4%, and 20%. Comparison of diagnosis values of FNA with Touch Print and Crush Print for breast cancer gave values of 82.2%, 89%, 97.3%, 89%, 1.6%, and 17.8%, respectively, and for metastatic axillary lymph nodes 84.2%, 95.8%, 94.1%, 88.4%, 14.2%, and 15.8%. Conclusion: Use of these methods, compared with pathology, can decrease cost, time, and a need for a second surgery and related complications.
Breast
Axillary
Mass
Fine-Needle Aspiration
Pathology
2017
02
01
541
548
https://journal.waocp.org/article_43629_19bdb66cfcd99ca2b7372eb5b2c1424d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Association between the DNA Repair Gene XRCC3 rs861539 Polymorphism and Risk of Osteosarcoma: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mohammad Reza
Sobhan
Mohammad
Forat-Yazdi
Mahta
Mazaheri
Masoud
Zare-Shehneh
Hossein
Neamatzadeh
Objective: Although there are a few studies investigating the relation between X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing 3 (XRCC3) gene rs861539 polymorphism and osteosarcoma (OSA), the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the associations between XRCC3 rs861539 polymorphism and OSA risk. Methods: We have retrieved published literature from PubMed, Google scholar, and ISI Web of Knowledge up to 25 January 2017. Odds ratios were pooled using either fixed-effects or random effects models. Overall and subgroup analyses were performed. Statistical analysis was performed running comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) 2.0 software. Results: A total of four studies with 515 cases and 1,109 controls were identified in order to investigate the association between XRCC3 rs861539 polymorphism and OSA risk. The results showed that XRCC3 rs861539 polymorphism was associated with OSA in allelic (T vs. C: OR= 1.563, 95% CI: 1.244-1.963, p= <0.001), homozygote (TT vs. CC: OR= 2.574, 95% CI: 1.573-4.212, p= <0.001), dominant (TT+TC vs. CC: OR= 1.255, 95% CI: 1.011-1.558, p= 0.039), and recessive (TT vs. TC+CC: OR= 2.224, 95% CI: 1.393-3.552, p= 0.001), but not with heterozygote (TC vs. CC: OR= 1.361, 95% CI: 0.982-1.885, p= 0.064). The XRCC3 rs861539 polymorphism conferred susceptibility to OSA in Asians, but not in Caucasians. Additionally, we observed no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis investigating the association between XRCC3 rs861539 polymorphism and OSA risk. Our results revealed a significant association between the XRCC3 rs861539 polymorphism and risk of OSA, especially in Asian populations. Future more comprehensive and well-designed case control studies with larger sample size are needed to warrant these findings.
osteosarcoma
XRCC3
rs861539 polymorphism
Meta-analysis
2017
02
01
549
555
https://journal.waocp.org/article_43333_21e512daac369c9d1c7279c9339e1736.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
The Pre-Treatment Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio: a Useful Tool in Predicting Non-Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer Cases
Suphawat
Laohawiriyakamol
Somrit
Mahattanobon
Supparerk
Laohawiriyakamol
Puttisak
Puttawibul
Background: The sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a highly accurate predictor of overall axillary nodal status in early breast cancer patients. There is however, still a debate on which patients with a positive SLN can benefit from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Numerous studies have been designed to identify variables that are predictive of non-SLN metastasis to avoid a complete ALND. The aim of this study was to determine whether the pre-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be a predictive factor of non-SLN metastasis in early breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The records of 214 consecutive patients with cT1-3N0 invasive breast cancer who had undergone intraoperative SLN evaluation at Songklanagarind Hospital between the 1stof March 2011 and the 30thof May 2016 were examined. Data on patient demographics, tumor variables and NLR were collected and factors for non-SLN metastasis were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. The power of the NLR was quantified with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves as measured by the areas under curves (AUC). Results: Multivariate analysis established presence of lymphovascular invasion (OR 8.4, 95%CI 2.3-31.3, p=0.002), macrometastasis (OR 6.6, 95%CI 1.8-24.7, p=0.005), and NLR (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.1-4.8, p=0.033) as predictive factors of non-SLN metastasis with statistical significance. The AUC for NLR was 0.7 (95%CI 0.6-0.8) with an optimal cut-off of 2.6 giving a sensitivity of 62%, a specificity of 83.8%, a positive predictive value of 77.3% and a negative predictive value of 70.5%. Conclusion: Pre-treatment NLR is a useful diagnostic aid for predicting additional non-SLN metastasis.
Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio
NLR
breast cancer
non sentinel lymph node
2017
02
01
557
562
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44503_9667639f88e37bc2da8d456b885599ab.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Compliance with Tobacco Promotion and Sale Laws in School Neighbourhoods in India
aswini
balappanavar
Vikrant
Mohanty
Abrar
Hussain
Objective: Regulation of sale of tobacco has given sufficient attention in India and little information exists about the impact of bans near schools. Our study aim was to check the levels of tobacco promotion, advertising and sales in school neighborhoods’ of Central Delhi. Methods: Using multistage random sampling 15 schools were selected in Central Delhi. Areas 100 meters around each were mapped using a map tool and screened using a self designed questionnaire consisting of 26 questions, both closed and open ended, to determine the details of outlets, sales of tobacco and tobacco products, advertising, promotions, school roles, and children seeking tobacco. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The response rate was 65%. Outlet licenses were present in only 6 (3.47%). The point sale of tobacco was most frequently in tea stalls and a total of 173 (41.2%) outlets had some form of tobacco sale. The brands of smokeless tobacco sold more were shikar (50%) and classic citrus (30%). Advertisement or promotion of sales was mainly in the form of signs and displays (53%). Major schools did not have any no tobacco boards displayed. Conclusion: Sale of tobacco continues in central Delhi with a lack of compliance with the rules of COPTA. The implications of this non compliance in the Capital region is of major significance for the rest of the country.
COPTA
Tobacco
Tobacco sale and advertisement
Tobacco outlets
Tobacco free schools
2017
02
01
563
570
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44504_8600f486b3f8bb420e0ccd4dffa2718b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Five-Year Survival is Not a Useful Measure for Cancer Control in the Population: an Analysis Based on UK Data
Siqi
Li
Xiongfei
Pan
Michael
Kashaf
Qingping
Xue
Huijing
Luo
Yanyan
Wang
Ying
Wen
Chunxia
Yang
Background: Five-year survival is an important metric for progress in cancer control broadly used both in the cancer literature and by the public. In order to assess its validity and relation to other common metrics, we analyzed the relationship between 5-year survival, incidence and mortality using publicly available cancer registry data from England and Wales. Methods: Five-year survival, incidence and mortality data were obtained from the online database of a registered charity, Cancer Research UK. We extracted sex-specific age-standardized mortality, incidence, and 5-year survivalfor16 types of cancer over the period from 1976 to 1995. The relationships between 5-year survival, incidence and mortality were estimated using both Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: All 16cancer types showed an increase in 5-year survival for both genders from 1976 to 1995, ranging from 0.2% (pancreas and lung cancer) to 16.6% (prostate cancer) for males and 0.2% (pancreas cancer) to 16.6% (leukemia) for females. From 1976 to 1995, there was no significant correlation between changes in 5-year survival and cancer mortality for either sex (males, Pearson r=0.16, Spearman r=-0.06; females, Pearson r=-0.33, Spearman r=-0.43). A positive relationship between 5-year survival and incidence was noted among males, but not among females (males, Pearson r=0.61, Spearman r=0.53; females, Pearson r=0.03, Spearman r=0.11). However, after excluding breast and prostate cancer, the positive association became weaker and became statistically non-significant for males (Pearson r=0.47; Spearman r=0.41). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there are no reliable relationships between changes in 5-year survival and cancer incidence or mortality. Increases in 5-year survival might therefore represent poor indicators of progress in cancer control at the population level. In the absence of over-diagnosis, 5-year survival might only indicate improved diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.
Cancer control
Surveillance
Incidence
mortality
5-Year Survival
2017
02
01
571
576
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44522_bf526d296c1a6571dcb9fab003c937eb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
2
Expression of Cytokines Interleukin-2, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-10 and Transforming Growth Factor β in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Biopsies Obtained from Mexican Patients
Maria Alicia
Diaz Orea
Veronica Muñoz
Perez
Eduardo
Gómez Conde
Victor Omar
Castellanos Sánchez
Rogelio
Gonzalez Lopez
Juan Carlos
Flores Alonso
M Elena
Cárdenas
A Luisa
Galicia
Aurelio
Mendoza
Objective: In this study, expression of Interleukin-2, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor beta in diffuse and intestinal type gastric cancers from Mexican patients was assessed for use as markers of malignancy. Methods: A total of 30 biopsies from gastric adenocarcinomas, 60% diffuse, 20% intestinal and 20% mixed in type, were studied by immunohistochemistry. Results: Regarding expression of cytokines, 23% were positive for IL-2, 26.7% for IL-4, 16.6% for IL-10 and none for TGF-β. There were found Significant statistically stage differences were noted.For example, for stages I-II 100% were IL-2 positive (p = 0.009), 87.5% were IL-4 positive (p = 0.005) and 100.0% IL-10 positive (p = 0.009). Young women were more likely to suffer gastric adenocarcinoma. In biopsies of male patients with gastric cancer, there was an increased expression of IL-2 and in biopsies from female patients in IL4. There was significantly greater detection of IL-4 and IL-10 expression in stages I and II than in stages III and IV. It was also found that IL-4, IL-10 had a higher positive expression in patients biopsies with low-level differentiations than patients with well differentiated gastric cancer in which cases were undetected. Conclusions: These results suggest that positive expression of IL-4 and IL-10 may be useful as a molecular marker to distinguish stage I and II diffuse gastric cancers which can be more readily controlled.
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Cytokines
IL2
IL4
IL10
2017
02
01
577
582
https://journal.waocp.org/article_44560_8c6757efda7fa7cde9a25b3a4cae62ea.pdf