2024-03-29T10:09:50Z
https://journal.waocp.org/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=6729
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Cancer Screening Awareness and Practice in a Middle Income Country; A Systematic Review from Iran
Azam
Majidi
Somayye
Majidi
Somayye
Salimzadeh
Maryam
Khazaee-Pool
Alireza
Sadjadi
Hamideh
Salimzadeh
Alireza
Delavari
Objective: Ageing population and noticeable changes in lifestyle in developing countries like Iran caused an increase in cancer incidence. This requires organized cancer prevention and screening programs in population level, but most importantly community should be aware of these programs and willing to use them. This study explored existing evidence on public awareness and practice, as well as, adherence to cancer screening in Iranian population. Methods: Major English databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and domestic Persian databases i.e., SID, Magiran, and Barakat search engines were searched. All publications with focus on Iranian public awareness about cancer prevention, screening, and early detection programs which were published until August 2015, were explored in this systematic review. For this purpose, we used sensitive Persian phrases/key terms and English keywords which were extracted from medical subject headings (MeSH). Taking PRISMA guidelines into considerations eligible documents, were evaluated and abstracted by two separate reviewers. Results: We found 72 articles relevant to this topic. Screening tests were known to, or being utilized by only a limited number of Iranians. Most Iranian women relied on physical examination particularly self-examination, instead of taking mammogram, as the most standard test to find breast tumors. Less than half of the average-risk adult populations were familiar with colorectal cancer risk factors and its screening tests, and only very limited number of studies reported taking at least one time colonoscopy or FOBT, at most 5.0% and 15.0%, respectively. Around half of women were familiar with cervical cancer and Pap-smear test with less than 45% having completed at least one lifetime test. The lack of health insurance coverage was a barrier to participate in screening tests. Furthermore some people would not select to be screened only because they do not know how or where they can receive these services. Conclusion: Low awareness and suboptimal use of screening tests in Iran calls for effective programs to enhance intention and compliance to screening, improving the patient-physician communication, identifying barriers for screening and providing tailored public awareness and screening programs.
Screening
Iran
early detection
screening awareness
2017
12
01
3187
3194
https://journal.waocp.org/article_54358_ab1da29e5f27de6c53f55e926d646134.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasonography and 99mTc-Sestamibi Scintigraphy for Parathyroid Adenoma in Primary Hyperparathyroidism; Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis
Reza
Nafisi Moghadam
Amir Pasha
Amelshahbaz
Nasim
Namiranian
Mohamad
Sobhan-Ardekani
Mahmood
Emami-Meybodi
Ali
Dehghan
Masoud
Rahmanian
Seid Kazem
Razavi-Ratki
Objective: Ultrasonography (US) and parathyroid scintigraphy (PS) with 99mTc-MIBI are common methods for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas but there discrepancies exist with regard to diagnostic accuracy. The aim of the study was to compare PS and US for localization of parathyroid adenoma with a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Methods: Pub Med, Scopus (EMbase), Web of Science and the reference lists of all included studies were searched up to 1st January 2016. The search strategy was according PICO characteristics. Heterogeneity between the studies was accounted by P < 0.1. Point estimates were pooled estimate of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of SPECT and ultrasonography with 99% confidence intervals (CIs) by pooling available data. Data analysis was performed using Meta-DiSc software (version 1.4). Results: Among 188 studies and after deletion of duplicated studies (75), a total of 113 titles and abstracts were studied. From these, 12 studies were selected. The meta-analysis determined a pooled sensitivity for scintigraphy of 83% [99% confidence interval (CI) 96.358 -97.412] and for ultra-sonography of 80% [99% confidence interval (CI) 76-83]. Similar results for specificity were also obtained for both approache. Conclusion: According this meta- analysis, there were no significant differences between the two methods in terms of sensitivity and specificity. There were overlaps in 99% confidence intervals. Also features of the two methods are similar.
parathyroid adenoma
ultra-sonography
scintigraphy
Diagnostic accuracy
2017
12
01
3195
3200
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53526_61d0a9a16a125b0284f4532c85899968.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Breast Cancer Risk From Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors among Women in Southeast Asia: A Meta-Analysis
Ricvan Dana
Nindrea
Teguh
Aryandono
Lutfan
Lazuardi
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine breast cancer risk from modifiable and non-modifiable factors among women in Southeast Asia. Methods: This meta-analysis was performed on research articles on breast cancer risk factors in PubMed, ProQuest and EBSCO databases published between 1997 and October 2017. Pooled odds ratios (OR) are calculated using fixed and random-effect models. Data were processed using Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3). Results: From a total of 1,211 articles, 15 studies (1 cohort and 14 case control studies) met the criteria for systematic review. Meta-analysis results showed that of the known modifiable risk factors for breast cancer, parity (nulipara) had the highest odd ratio (OR = 1.85 [95% CI 1.47-2.32]) followed by body mass index (overweight) (OR = 1.61 [95% CI 1.43-1.80]) and use of oral contraceptives (OR = 1.27 [95% CI 1.07-1.51]). Of non-modifiable risk factors, family history of breast cancer had the highest odd ratio (OR = 2.53 [95% CI 1.25-5.09]), followed by age (≥ 40 years) (OR = 1.53 [95% CI 1.34-1.76]) and menopausal status (OR = 1.44 [95% CI 1.26-1.65]). Conclusion: This analysis confirmed associations between both modifiable risk factors (parity, body mass index and use of oral contraceptives) and non-modifiable risk factors (family history of breast cancer, age and menopausal status) with breast cancer.
breast cancer
risk factors
Southeast Asia
2017
12
01
3201
3206
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53791_09572068e92e8c32cc266325de843011.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Positive Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression, Anxiety and Stress of Family Caregivers of Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Milad
Borji
Hassan
Nourmohammadi
Masoumeh
Otaghi
Amir Hosein
Salimi
Asma
Tarjoman
Background: The family caregivers of patients with cancer mightexperience various physical, mental, and spiritual difficulties, the neglect of which can causeseriousproblems for theentirefamily. If caregivers are left without appropriate treatment and intervention, their level of physical and mental health will substantially decrease-they will, in other words, become"hidden patients." Materials and Methods: The current study is a clinical trial of 80 family caregivers of patients with prostate cancer, who were allocated to control and experimental groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of group cognitive behavioral therapy. The 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were completed before the intervention as well4 and 8 weeks after. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) andvariousstatistical tests. Results: The results showed thatthecognitivebehavioral intervention reduceddepression, anxiety, and stress among familycaregivers. Conclusion: Because of the positive impact of this intervention, its implementation in clinical care by nurses is recommended.
Keywords: Care
cognitive-behavioral therapy
Prostate Cancer
2017
12
01
3207
3212
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53160_5059e89d79f0a5e054507428c01eb8dd.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Pattern of Pediatric Oncology Cases in the Western Region of Nepal
Pramod Kumar
Yadav
Brijesh
Sathian
Rishi
Sherchan
Huda
Fatima
Kirshna
Sharan
Syed Ather
Hussain
Rachit
Chawla
Ahmed
Alsayyah
Alankrita
Taneja
Childhood cancers form a rare and heterogeneous group which fortunately have a higher cure rate than adult cancers. A few non-profit organizations in Nepal have extended support to help patients suffering from cancer, but their main focus has been on adults. The objective of this study was to establish the pattern of childhood cancers in the Western region of Nepal. We reviewed cases receiving external radiotherapy with both palliative and curative intent between 28th September 2010 and 30th September 2015 at the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Manipal Teaching Hospital affiliated with Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. Of the total of 1217 cases, 2.71% involved children. The gender distribution showed a male preponderance (M:F= 1.35:1). The patients’ mean age was 11.4 years (range 2 - 14 years). Considering the caste, Brahmins and Gurungs constituted 33.0% and 21.2%, respectively, of children with cancer.
Paediatric oncology
Childhood cancer
Nepal
2017
12
01
3213
3215
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53525_5abca072728990300a896fb748096590.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Knowledge, Attitudes, Preventive Practices and Screening Intention about Colorectal Cancer and the Related Factors among Residents in Guangzhou, China
Min-Yi
Wang
Guo-Zhen
Lin
Yan
Li
Hang
Dong
Yu-Huang
Liao
Hua-Zhang
Liu
Ze-Fang
Ren
Background: In Guangzhou, China, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer. The government initiated a CRC screening program in 2015, and investigating the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward CRC would help facilitate the participation of the program. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2014 to September 2015. Questionnaires were passed out with a cluster sample in 15 randomly selected primary schools of Guangzhou China, and one of each student’s family members aged between 20 to 65 years old were included. Results: A total of 6839 questionnaires were obtained and the successful response rate was 78.5%. The majority (88.3%) of them were under 46 years old and female subjects accounted for 65.8%. Over 80% of the respondents knew that CRC was able to be cured by early diagnosis and treatment and that tobacco use, alcohol abuse, and dietary without enough fruits or vegetables may increase the risk of CRC, although a few knowledge scores were relatively low, such as physical exercise as a protective factor and bowel habits change as a symptom suggestive of CRC. In contrast, only 52.2% of the subjects were sure to participate in a future CRC screening provided by local government. We further found that the higher level of knowledge about CRC risk and positive cancer preventive attitude and practice were associated with higher education level, female gender, and positive family history. Conclusion: These results suggested that the priority may be laid on improving the conversion from knowledge to practice to implement screening program in Guangzhou, while efforts should also be made to improve public awareness about CRC.
colorectal cancer
Knowledge
attitudes
Practice
Cross-Sectional study
2017
12
01
3217
3223
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53795_00fb3af962d9b41175e2c75127a21d78.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Concentration- Dependent Effects of Curcumin on 5-Fluorouracil Efficacy in Bladder Cancer Cells
Noushin
Afsharmoghadam
Zahra
Haghighatian
Hamid
Mazdak
Nooshin
Mirkheshti
Razieh
Mehrabi Koushki
Sayyed Ali
Alavi
Purpose: Curcumin (Cur), a herbal ingredient with anticancer properties, has been shown to inhibit growth of malignant cells in vivo and in vitro. However, studies on combination therapy of Cur with chemotherapeutic drugs have been limited. Here, effects of Cur on the cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil (FU) were investigated with epithelial bladder cancer cells (EJ138) in vitro. Methods: EJ138 cells were treated with 5 and 15 μM of Cur and/ or 100 μM of FU. Cell viability was measured by sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. The glucose concentration as an index of cell metabolism was evaluated by an enzymatic method. Total oxidant and antioxidant capacities were estimated by the ferrous oxidation-xylenol (FOX1) method and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), respectively. Results: Combination of 5 μM Cur with FU significantly reduced its cytotoxicity in EJ138 cells, while 15 μM Cur caused an opposite increase. Significant increase in glucose concentration at 24 h and decrease in the FRAP value at 48 h incubation was observed in cells treated with FU in combination with Cur. There were no significant changes in total oxidant capacity with the combination therapy. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a crucial role of Cur concentration in regulating chemotherapeutic agent-induced cytotoxicity. Further investigations are needed to understand the precise mechanisms of action of Cur and determine appropriate doses with combination therapy for clinical application against human cancers.
curcumin
5-fluorouracil
bladder cancer
2017
12
01
3225
3230
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53783_6e76e7269279580996a48cde8eb122a6.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Cellular and Molecular Changes in MNU-Induced Breast Tumours Injected with PF4 or bFGF
Siti Norasikin
Mohd Nafi
Fauziah
Idris
Hasnan
Jaafar
Background: Angiogenic activity has been considered to reflect important molecular events during breast tumour development. The present study concerned cellular and molecular changes of MNU-induced breast tumours subjected to promotion and suppression of angiogenesis. Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats at the age of 21 days received MNU at the dose 70 mg/kg of body weight by intraperitoneal injection. Three months post-carcinogen initiation, mammary tumours were palpated and their growth was monitored. When the tumour diameter reached 1.0 ± 0.05 cm, rats were given bFGF or PF4 intratumourally at a dose of 10 μg/tumour. Entire palpable tumour were subsequently excised and subjected to histology examination, IHC staining, and RT-PCR. Results: No critical morphological changes were observed between pro-angiogenic factor, bFGF, and control groups. However, increase of tumour size with more necrotic and diffuse areas was notable in tumours after anti-angiogenic PF4 intervention. ER and PR mRNA expression was significantly up- and down-regulated in bFGF and PF4 groups, respectively. The trends were significantly associated with peri- and intratumoural MVD counts. However, irrespective of whether we promoted or inhibited angiogenesis, the expression of EGFR and ERBB2 continued to be significantly increased but this was not significantly associated with the MVD score. No significant differences in E-cadherin and LR gene expression were noted between intervention and control groups. Conclusion: ER and PR receptor expression shows consistent responses when tumour angiogenesis is manipulated either positively or negatively. Our study adds to current understanding that not only do we need to target hormonal receptors, as presently practiced, but we also need to target endothelial receptors to successfully treat breast cancer.
MNU-induced breast tumour
PF4
bFGF
2017
12
01
3231
3238
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53784_eac0862cb24ab9e297fc77f4dca4fe6b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Risk Factors for Invasive Fungal Infection among Thai Oncologic Patients with Febrile Neutropenia and Cutaneous Presentation: A 5-Year Retrospective Study in Southern Thailand
Kumpol
Aiempanakit
Surarit
Naorungroj
Kanokphorn
Chiratikarnwong
Sauvarat
Auepemkiate
Benjawan
Apinantriyo
Background: Febrile neutropenia (FNP) is a condition defined by fever and neutropenia. There are current only limited data on related cutaneous manifestations. This study aimed to assess cutaneous lesions and their etiologies in a Thai group of FNP patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 43 non-transplant febrile neutropenic patients with concurrent cutaneous lesions, as determined by dermatopathologic studies at Songklanagarind Hospital in Thailand over a five-year period. Results: The mean age was 39 years (SD: 18.8). Approximately 60% were male. The most common underlying disease was a hematologic neoplasm. Twenty-one of the participants had developed FNP within 7.5±8.7 days after presenting with skin lesions. Twenty-two participants had skin lesions 9.0±11.1 days after FNP diagnosis. Cutaneous manifestations were mostly in the form of multiple lesions (67.4%), of which the most common were nodular skin lesions (37.2%) presenting on the lower extremities of the body (58.1%). The dermatopathologic diagnoses included infections which were almost all fungal and leukemia cutis. The development of skin lesions after FNP proved to be a statistically significant risk factor for fungal infection (OR 8.13, P = 0.009), whereas age (over 40 years) proved to be a statistically significant protective factor (OR 0.20, P = 0.04). Conclusions: There are a variety of cutaneous manifestations in FNP, of which the most common were cutaneous nodular skin lesions in the lower extremities. The most frequent infection was fungal in patients under 40 who had developed skin lesions after FNP.
febrile neutropenia
cutaneous
Fungal infection
hematologic malignancy
Thailand
2017
12
01
3239
3243
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53161_7ee8caedf54e1bb28afd93d5ed576e9e.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Lack of Associations between TLR9 and MYD88 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Yasser B.M
Ali
Rasha M
Foad
Essam
Abdel-Wahed
Background: Genetic factors like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may play an important role in the etiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Mutations in Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) genes may lead to an abnormal immune response that may cause greater cell proliferation and thus alter an individual’s susceptibility to haematological malignancies including CLL. Objective: This work was designed to study any association of the TLR9 (rs2066807C/G and rs187084T/C) and MYD88 (L265P) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with risk of CLL in Egyptians. Materials and methods: One hundred patients with CLL and 100 healthy controls from the Egyptian population were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) method. Results: With TLR9 rs2066807C/G the CC genotype was more frequent in both control and patient groups while for TLR9 rs187084T/C the TT genotype was most common. There were no significant associations with CLL risk. With MYD88 (L265P) only the TT genotype was detected. Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggest that polymorphisms in the TLR9 and MYD88 genes may not contribute to CLL susceptibility. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first dealing with TLR9 and MYD88 gene polymorphisms in CLL patients. Further studies with larger sample size should be conducted to validate these results in the Egyptian population.
CLL
MYD88
TLR9
Polymorphism
PCR/RFLP
2017
12
01
3245
3250
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53165_e924213093eab5434cebc4f305e8e9e1.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Inter- and Intra-Observer Variability in Diagnosis of Oral Dysplasia
Shubhasini A
R
Praveen
B N
Usha
Hegde
Uma
K
Shubha
G
Keerthi
G
Shiladitya
Sil
Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are lesions from which malignancy is more likely to develop that from other tissues. The potential for malignant transformation of OPMDs is estimated by determining the degree of dysplastic changes in the epithelium. Dysplasia grading has been criticized for lack of reproducibility and poor predictive value but is still considered the gold standard for diagnosing OPMDs. Since grading of dysplasia is based on architectural and cytological changes, there can be considerable inter- and intra-observer variability due to subjective impressions. This aim in this study was to assess the degree of agreement between two pathologists grading dysplasia in the same patients and review the existing grading system. Materials and Methods: In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 100 patients with clinically diagnosed OPMDs were subjected to biopsy followed by histopathological examination. The slides were examined by two pathologists using WHO and binary systems of classification and both were blinded to the clinical and each other’s histological diagnosis. For statistical analysis the Chi square test was applied. Results: Statistical analysis showed poor inter-observer variability with P values of 0.8 using the WHO classification and 0.3 using the binary classification. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that the existing systems for grading dysplasia are not competent to rule out subjectivity. There is a need for a classification system that can overcome this drawback.
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Epithelial dysplasia
Interobserver agreeability
Grading dysplasia
2017
12
01
3251
3254
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53164_2da8cca626fe977daee0a4daeed5f4df.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Phosphorylated Akt Protein at Ser473 Enables HeLa Cells to Tolerate Nutrient-Deprived Conditions
Moustafa
Fathy
Suresh
Awale
Toshio
Nikaido
Background: Despite angiogenesis, many tumours remain hypovascular and starved of nutrients while continuing to grow rapidly. The specific biochemical mechanisms associated with starvation resistance, austerity, may be new biological characters of cancer that are critical for cancer progression. Objective: This study aim was to investigate the effect of nutrient starvation on HeLa cells and the possible mechanism by which the cells are able to tolerate nutrient-deprived conditions. Methods: Nutrient starvation was achieved by culturing HeLa cells in nutrient-deprived medium (NDM) and cell survival was estimated by using cell counting kit-8. The effect of starvation on cell cycle distribution and the quantitative analysis of apoptotic cells were investigated by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of Akt and phosphorylated Akt at Ser473 (Ser473p-Akt) proteins. Results: HeLa cells displayed extremely long survival when cultured in NDM. The percentage of apoptotic HeLa cells was significantly increased by starvation in a time-dependent manner. A significant increase in the expression of Ser473p-Akt protein after starvation was also observed. Furthermore, it was found that Akt inhibitor III molecule inhibited the cells proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Conclusion: Results of the present study provide evidence that Akt activation may be implicated in the tolerance of HeLa cells for nutrient starvation and may help to suggest new therapeutic strategies designed to prevent austerity of cervical cancer cells through inhibition of Akt activation.
HeLa cells
starvation
austerity
Akt
Akt inhibitor III molecule
2017
12
01
3255
3260
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53801_9deb7ce50ce85b994b7a94b7c4381bae.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Knowledge and Perceptions about Cancer Treatment-associated Infertility among Young Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Asif Husain
Osmani
Ghulam
Haider
Shaharzad
Ali
Faiza
Ali
Munazza
Irfan
Dur
e Fatima
Introduction: Infertility after cancer treatment can cause significant emotional stress and grief for cancer survivors. In this study we assessed knowledge and perceptions among young cancer patients regarding the topic of cancer and infertility related to different treatment options. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on young cancer patients in the Clinical Oncology Department, JPMC, Karachi, from January to August 2013. Patients were requested to fill in questionnaires. Comparisons between gender and age groups were performed using the Student’s t test and Pearson’s Chi-squared. Significance was concluded with a two tailed p-value less than 0.05. Results: The survey included 368 cancer patients, 194 males and 174 females. Ninety percent of respondents of either gender were not aware that cancer or cancer treatment can cause infertility, this being age dependent (P=0.06). However, on being made aware, 98% of males and 91% of females wanted their oncologist to discuss treatment-related infertility prior to initiating cancer treatment (P=0.005) and 92% and 78%, respectively, wanted to consider fertility preservation techniques prior to treatment (P<0.0001). Of age groups 15-30 years and 31-50 years, 91 % and 81% wanted to consider FP prior to cancer treatment (P =0.011). Among 226 married individuals, 89% males and 79% females underestimated that effects that infertility issues might have on their relationships with their spouses. Conclusions: We recommend physicians and oncology care givers to initiate discussion of the topic of cancer and treatment-related infertility with young cancer patients during their initial management planning.
Keywords : Fertility Preservation (FP)
Infertility
Cancer treatment
2017
12
01
3261
3265
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53785_e9bb643cc1218a402955781f950e7209.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Seroepidemiological Study of Hepatitis B, C and HIV among Blood Donors in Kerman
Majid
Mohsenizadeh
Hamid Reza
Mollaei
Motahareh
Ghazizadeh
Background: Infections transmitted through blood transfusions are the most important issue associated with blood donation. We aimed to provide an assessment of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among blood donors in Kerman province of Iran. Methods: Between 2014-2016, 99,187 samples were examined in a retrospective study in five blood transfusion centers in Kerman province. Serologic screening for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV1/2 was conducted for all samples and positive cases were confirmed. Result: The positives with the initial serological screening tests for HBsAg , anti-HCV and HIV 1/2 numbered 524, 409 and 285, respectively, and based on confirmation tests, final results were 196 , 72 and 1. The highest prevalences of HBV and HCV were reported as 0.36% in Jiroft city and 0.1% in Rafsanjan city. Co- infection with HBV and HCV was observed in the city of Sirjan. Conclusion: Blood-borne viral infections in people with low education levels were more common. The prevalence in Kerman province was low as compared to previous studies carried out in other regions of Iran. Application of standard operating procedures, with updated equipment, as well as planning for the use of molecular methods are necessary for the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, to monitor blood-transmitted infections.
Blood donors
Hepatitis B Virus
Hepatitis C Virus
HIV
2017
12
01
3267
3272
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53859_4de85790dbb483147454be61f6ce6c01.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Aloe-Emodin Influence on the Lysosomal Compartment of Hela Cells
Wojciech
Trybus
Grzegorz
Król
Ewa
Trybus
Anna
Stachurska
Anna
Kopacz- Bednarska
Teodora
Król
Background: Aloe-emodin belongs to the group of anthraquinones having extremely high biological activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the range of morphological and biochemical changes in HeLa cells treated with aloe-emodin, especially with regard to the lysosomal compartment. Methods: Marking of lysosomes was performed with neutral red staining for conventional light microscopy and acridine orange staining for confocal microscopy. To evaluate ctivity of lysosomal enzymes and permeability of the lysosomal membrane, spectrophotometric techniques were employed. Results: Aloe-emodin caused increased permeability of lysosomal membranes in HeLa cells, expressed inter alia by extinction of the orange color of acridine orange (lysosomal marker) and in reduction of neutral red uptake by lysosomes. These changes are accompanied by release of cathepsins from the interior of the lysosomes with a simultaneous highly significant increase in their activity in the cytoplasm. Conclusion: The results indicate that aloe-emodin can activate lysosomal pathway-dependent apoptosis in HeLa cells.
Anthraquinones
aloe-emodin
lysosomal compartment
cathepsins
Apoptosis
2017
12
01
3273
3279
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53802_33b5551406ffe414da9baf9804759ccc.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
The Correlates of Kidney Dysfunction – Tumour Nephrectomy Database (CKD-TUNED) Study: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study
Robert J
Ellis
Sharon J
Del Vecchio
Keng Lim
Ng
Evan P
Owens
Jeff S
Coombes
Christudas
Morais
Ross S
Francis
Simon T
Wood
Glenda C
Gobe
Background: Tumour nephrectomy conveys a significant risk of adverse renal functional outcomes postoperatively, however there are limited strategies for predicting patients at increased risk of these outcomes. The Correlates of Kidney Dysfunction – Tumour Nephrectomy Database (CKD-TUNED) study is a prospective observational study evaluating the risk of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease in tumour nephrectomy patients. Methods: The CKD-TUNED study involves analysis of clinical data and collection of tissue, urine and blood samples for the purposes of forming a tissue repository resource for future investigation. Recruitment began in 2013 and is expected to continue until 2023, with a projected sample size between 700-1000 subjects. Results: All relevant ethics and site-specific approvals have been granted and all relevant infrastructure is in place. Study methods are undergoing validation and refinement. As of June 2017 there are 267 participants enrolled in the study. Conclusion: It is anticipated that this study will have the potential to identify risk factors for adverse renal functional outcomes following tumour nephrectomy, which can be used in the development of predictive models with clinical utility, and in turn improve patient outcomes.
kidney cancer
renal cell carcinoma
Chronic kidney disease
nephrectomy
glomerular filtration rate
2017
12
01
3281
3285
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53166_8047a0a034d2eb532f2c588330f0ac04.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Prognostic Significance of Indicators of Systemic Inflammatory Responses in Glioblastoma Patients
vildan
kaya
Mustafa
Yıldırım
Gözde
Yazıcı
Ayşen
Yeşim Yalçın
Nuri
Orhan
Aslan
Güzel
Background: High-grade gliomas, with glioblastomas as the most frequently observed histologic subtype, are the most common primary brain tumours in adults. It is considered that inflammatory responses play a major role in malignancies, including tumour progression. This study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the thrombocyte to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as indicators of systemic inflammatory response (SIR) in glioblastoma patients. Methods: A total of 90 patients treated for glioblastoma were retrospectively evaluated. Absolute counts were used to generate NLR and PLR. A SIR was considered to be present with an NLR ≥5 and/or PLR ≥150. Results: Median follow-up time was 11.3 months (range: 1-70 months). The 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 55.2% and 19.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that there was no correlation between overall survival and gender (p=0.184), comorbid disease (p = 0.30), clinical presentation (p = 0.884), or tumour lateralization (p = 0.159). Multivariate analysis showed that overall survival was significantly correlated with SIR based on NLR (HR: 2.41), and ECOG performance status (HR: 1.53). The prognostic factors that affected survival, other than SIR, were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (p = 0.003), and tumour localization (p = 0.006). Conclusion: The present findings confirm that NLR based on peripheral blood counts prior to treatment can be used as a prognostic factor in patients with glioblastoma. Since tumour aggression increases and survival decreases as the NLR value rises, choice of treatment modality is facilitated for glioblastoma patients.
Glioblastoma
Prognosis
neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio
thrombocyte to lymphocyte ratio
2017
12
01
3287
3291
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53803_536386ad2e966470da0128013a1d841f.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
BRCA1 Promoter Methylation and Expression - Associations with ER+, PR+ and HER2+ Subtypes of Breast Carcinoma
Mohit
Kumar
Ram Krishna
Sahu
Aditi
Goyal
Sonal
Sharma
Navneet
Kaur
Ravi
Mehrotra
Usha Rani
Singh
Suresh
Hedau
Introduction: Considering the increasing trend in incidence rates, morbidity and mortality of breast cancer, there is an urgent need to identify and validate new biomarkers for early detection and better management. The purpose of the study was to investigate BRCA1 protein expression and promoter methylation of the BRCA1 gene and their association with molecular subtypes based on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity. Materials and Methods: A total of 114 breast cancer tissue biopsies were collected for methylation specific PCR (MSP) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Results: Seven tissue microarrays were constructed. BRCA1 protein expression was reduced in 55/114 (48.2%) and in the majority of ER-negative tumors (73.3%) (p<0.001). Similarly BRCA1 expression was reduced in the majority of PR-negative tumors (69.2%) but without statistical significance (p value=0.083). BRCA1 methylation was positive in 59.6% cases. A subset regarding ER+, PR+ and HER2+ was identified which consisted of 31.6% in which an inverse relationship between BRCA1 methylation and protein expression was noted. Conclusion: Reduced expression was associated with ER and PR negative status which is linked with a poor prognosis. BRCA1 protein expression might thus be used as a prognostic indicator to predict treatment response to hormone therapy.
breast cancer
BRCA1
ER
PR and HER2 Neu
2017
12
01
3293
3299
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53198_74ab3d159ae216bb42ea659be59a0f4c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Astrocyte Elevated Gene 1 (AEG-1): A Promising Candidate for Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Maryam
Seyedmajidi
Shabnam
Sohanian
Hamid
Abbaszadeh Bidokhti
Dariush
Moslemi
Ali
Bijani
Background: Astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1), also known as metadherin, is an oncogene which is overexpressed in various types of cancer, playing important roles in invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance. Hence it might be used as a therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of AEG-1 as a novel molecular marker in oral squamous cell carcinomas and establish correlations with clinicopathologic factors. Materials and Methods: Thirty formalin fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of OSCC cases and 30 samples of normal oral mucosa with minimal inflammation were selected and stained immunohistochemically for AEG-1. Staining intensity and percentage of stained cells were scored according to nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of epithelial cells. Relationship between immunoreactivity and clinicopathologic factors were examined by T-test and Mann-Whitney. Results: AEG-1 expression in OSCCs was greater than in normal oral mucosa (P<0.05). However, nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of AEG-1 was not associated with any of the clinicopathologic factors, age and gender of patients, tumor location, smoking history, tumor staging and grading, metastasis to lymph nodes and distant metastasis ( P>0.05). Conclusion: The current results support some role of AEG-1 in genesis of oral squamous cell carcinomas.
oral squamous cell carcinoma
Metastasis
Prognosis
AEG-1
immunohistochemical staining
2017
12
01
3301
3305
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53169_c6d01df7062e1ab1bc106c88acdadc12.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Utility of 5-Methylcytosine Immunohistochemical Staining to Assess Global DNA Methylation and Its Prognostic Impact in MDS Patients
Dinesh
Chandra
Seema
Tyagi
Jasdeep
Singh
Roopam
Deka
Prabhu
Manivannan
Pravas
Mishra
Hara Prasad
Pati
Renu
saxena
Background: DNA methylation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorders. It is reported to be an independent prognostic factor affecting overall survival (OS). Our aim was to analyze the role of global DNA methylation using an anti-5-methylcytosine (5-MC) antibody by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of bone marrow biopsy (BM Bx) specimens in MDS patients, assessing correlations with various clinical and biological prognostic factors. Material and methods: A total of 59 MDS cases, classified as per the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 guidelines, were evaluated over a period of 4 years. Clinical data were retrieved from departmental case records and anti-5-MC expression was analyzed with formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections of BM Bx specimens of MDS patients and controls. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 52 years (15-85years). Patients were categorized into low risk (59%) and high risk (41%) according to International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). The median follow-up time was 10 months (1 to 37 months). We generated a methylation score (M-score) using anti-5-MC and with the derived cut-off of 30.5 from the receiver operator curve (ROC), there was a significant difference between the two groups in the percentage of BM blasts (p=0.01), WHO sub-type (p=0.01), IPSS (p=0.004), progression to AML (p=0.04) on univariate analysis. Interestingly, patients showing a high M-score (M-score ≥ 30.5) demonstrated a significantly shorter OS and progression to AML. However, on multivariate analysis, only BM blasts (p=0.01) and IPSS (p=0.02) remained independent variables for progression to AML and OS respectively. Conclusion: Immunostaining with anti-5-MC antibody with BM Bx samples is a simple and cost effective technique to detect global methylation, a powerful tool to predict overall survival in patients with MDS.
DNA Methylation
5-methylcytosine
Myelodysplastic syndrome
2017
12
01
3307
3313
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53167_cd053b49e5e7e0f1ef2f155c13ad1e23.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Comparison of Salivary Antioxidants in Children with Primary Tooth Abscesses before and after Treatment in Comparison with Healthy Subjects
Asghar
Zarban
Sediqe
Ebrahimipour
Gholam-Reza
Sharifzadeh
Anousheh
Rashed-Mohassel
Mina
Barkooi
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of children with primary molar abscesses before and two weeks after extraction of the infected tooth. Materials and methods: Forty one children aged between 3-6 years participatesd in this cross sectional study. The antioxidant activity of saliva was investigated in 20 patients with tooth abscesses affecting one of the first primary molars before and after tooth extraction in the case group and once in 21 children with no caries or dental problems in the control group. The FRAP (ferric reduction antioxidant power) method was used to measure the antioxidant power of salivary samples and TAC values were calculated. Data were analyzed with SPSS Version 16 using the paired t-test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean antioxidant index increased in children after (509.2 ± 138.4) treatment (before 483.4 ± 183.6), but this difference was not significant (P=0.61). Also, there was no difference in the mean antioxidant index in control group (494.5±147.9) compared the study group before (P=0.83) and after (P=0.75) treatment. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study the total antioxidant capacity of saliva was not compromised in children with abscessed teeth.
Total Antioxidant Capacity
Saliva
dental infection
primary tooth
FRAP
2017
12
01
3315
3318
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53226_17bc5c2401f2a07d75ebe8c6fb0ae1ea.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Almost Complete Lack of Human Cytomegalovirus and Human papillomaviruses Genome in Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions in Shiraz, Southwest of Iran
Sahar
Bakhtiarizadeh
Seyed Younes
Hosseini
Ramin
Yaghobi
Aliakbar
Safaei
Jamal
Sarvari
Breast cancer ranks as the most common cancer among women worldwide. There have been controversial reports regarding contributions of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to its development. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HPV and HCMV positivity in benign and malignant breast tumors. Materials and Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 150 breast cancers (invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas) and 150 non-malignant breast lesions (fibroadenomas, fibrocystic disease and adenosis) were examined. All samples were first deparafinized then subjected to commercial DNA extraction. The β-globin gene fragment was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the quality of extracted DNA. The presence of HPV and HCMV genomic DNA was determined using PCR and Real time PCR techniques, respectively. Results: The mean ages of the test and control groups were 35.2 and 45 years, respectively. For HCMV, none of the malignant lesions were positive and only 2 of the 150 benign samples demonstrated presence of the virus. No HPV genomic DNA was found in either malignant or benign cases. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated no relationship between HCMV or HPV infection with breast cancer development. Whether investigations in larger populations with longer follow-up might demonstrate any role remains unclear.
breast cancer
HPV
HCMV
benign breast tumors
malignant breast tumors
2017
12
01
3319
3324
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53199_9361b3b79cbecf7c44c0bdecbdb48c3b.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Quality of Life Determinants in Breast Cancer Patients in Central Rural India
Nitin
Gangane
Pravin
Khairkar
Anna-Karin
Hurtig
Miguel
San Sebastián
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women throughout world, with incidence rates increasing in India. Improved survival in breast cancer patients has resulted in their quality of life (QOL) becoming an important issue. Identifying determinants for QOL may provide insights into how to improve their living conditions. This study aimed to assess socio-demographic and clinical factors, as well as the role of self-efficacy, in relation to QOL among women with breast cancer in rural India. Methods: A total of 208 female patients with infiltrating carcinoma of the breast participated in the study. A questionnaire was administered that included sections for socio-demographic characteristics, clinical stage of the cancer and patient delay in seeking health care. A standardized instrument to measure self-efficacy was applied. To assess QOL, the WHOQOL – BREF instrument was used. Results: The overall mean score for QOL was 59.3. For domain 1 (physical health) the mean score across all groups was 55.5, for psychological health 58.2, for social relationships 63.2 and for environmental factors, 60.4. The environmental domain in QOL was negatively associated with lower education. Being divorced/widowed/unmarried had a negative association with the psychological health and social relationship dimensions, whereas higher income was positively associated with QOL parameters such as psychology, social relationships and environmental factors. Self-efficacy was positively associated with all four domains of QOL. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated a moderate QOL in women with breast cancer in rural India. Young age, lack of education and being without a partner were negatively related to QOL, and employment as casual and industrial workers, high monthly family income and higher self-efficacy were positively associated with QOL. A comprehensive public health initiative is required, including social, financial and environmental support, that can provide better QOL for breast cancer survivors.
breast cancer
QOL
self efficacy
Rural India
2017
12
01
3325
3332
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53174_fcebe73cc311803fa4a21baa56575239.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Effects of Damnacanthal and Nordamnacanthal on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Migration of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Gohar
Shaghayegh
Aied M
Alabsi
Rola
Ali-Saeed
Abdul
Manaf Ali
Vui King
Vincent-Chong
Nor Hadiani
Ismail
YF
Choon
Rosnah Binti
Zain
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the developed world, with one-third of people diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime. Oral cancer commonly occurs involving the buccal mucosa (cheeks), tongue, floor of the mouth and lip. It is one of the most devastating and disfiguring of malignancies. Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as ‘noni’, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. It is native to the Pacific islands, Hawaii, Caribbean, Asia and Australia. The plant displays broad curative effects in pharmacological studies. Damnacanthal (DAM) and Nordamnacanthal (NDAM), anthraquinone compounds isolated from the roots of Morinda citrifolia L., has been used for the treatment of several chronic diseases including cancer. The objectives of this study were to evaluate cytotoxicity, morphological changes, cell death mode (apoptosis/necrosis), and cell migration induced by DAM and NDAM on the most common type of oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)cells. Anti-proliferative effects of these compounds against OSCC cell lines were determined by MTT assay. The mode of cell death was analysed by phase contrast and fluorescent microscopy as well as flow cytometry. In addition, cell migration was assessed. The results showed that DAM and NDAM exerted cytotoxicity against OSCC cells with IC50 values of 1.9 to >30 μg/ml after 72 h treatment. Maximum growth inhibition among the tested cell lines for both compounds was observed in H400 cells, and thus it was selected for further study. The study demonstrated inhibition of H400 OSCC cell proliferation, marked apoptotic morphological changes, induction of early apoptosis, and inhibition of cell migration by DAM and NDAM. Therefore, this information suggests that these compounds from noni have potential for used as anti tumor agents for oral cancer therapy.
Damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal
Human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)
Cytotoxicity
Apoptosis
Cell migration
2017
12
01
3333
3341
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53171_d9193d3b86b6af0dc6c8c15293f5a1b9.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Synergistic Effect of Forbesione From Garcinia hanburyi in Combination with 5-Fluorouracil on Cholangiocarcinoma
Parichart
Boueroy
Chariya
Hahnvajanawong
Thidarut
Boonmars
Sunitta
Saensa ard
Wareeporn
Wattanawongdon
Charuphan
Kongsanthia
Kanin
Salao
Suwin
Wongwajana
Natthinee
Anantachoke
Vichai
Reutrakul
Background: Chemotherapy for advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is largely ineffective; thus innovative combinations of chemotherapeutic agents and natural compounds represent a promising strategy. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of forbesione combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in hamster cholangiocarcinoma (Ham-1) cells both in vitro and in vivo. The anti-tumor effects of 5-FU combined with forbesione in vitro were determined using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and the effects in vivo were assessed in transplanted Ham-1 allograph models. Using ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) staining, the morphological changes of apoptotic cells was investigated. The expressions of apoptosis-related molecules after combined treatment with forbesione and 5-FU were determined using real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Forbesione or 5-FU alone inhibited proliferation of Ham-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner and their combination showed a synergistic proliferation inhibitory effect in vitro. In vivo studies, forbesione in combination with 5-FU exhibited greater inhibition of the tumor in the hamster model compared with treatment using either drug alone. Forbesione combined with 5-FU exerted stronger apoptotic induction in Ham-1 cells than did single drug treatment. The combination of drugs strongly suppressed the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and procaspase-3 while enhancing the expression of p53, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), caspase-9 and caspase-3, compared with single drug treatments. These results explained the decreased expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) positive cells and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells in Ham-1 cell tumor tissues of the treated hamsters. There was no apparent systemic toxicity observed in the treated animals compared with the control groups. Forbesione combined with 5-FU strongly induced apoptosis in Ham-1 cells. The growth inhibitory effect of combined treatment using these two drugs was much greater than treatment with either drug alone, both in vitro and in vivo.
Forbesione
5-fluorouracil
cholangiocarcinoma
Synergism
Apoptosis
2017
12
01
3343
3351
https://journal.waocp.org/article_52228_c65b5df84a752b205f2f921129511d3d.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Low Body Mass Index Is an Independent Predictive Factor after Surgical Resection in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Masaki
Tomita
Takanori
Ayabe
Kunihide
Nakamura
Background: The effect of body mass index (BMI) on postoperative survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been controversial. We retrospectively analysed the effect of preoperative BMI on postoperative outcomes of NSCLC surgery. Methods: Consecutive 384 NSCLC patients were enrolled. Patients were subdivided into 3 groups: low BMI group (BMI2), normal BMI group (BMI=18.5-24.0 kg/m2) and high BMI group (BMI>24.0 kg/m2). The prognostic significance of BMI was examined retrospectively. Results: The 5-year survival of patients with low, normal and high BMI groups were 46.3%, 74.3% and 84.3%, respectively. The low BMI group had a poorer prognosis than the other groups (p<0.001). The survival of high BMI group had a more favorable trend than that of normal BMI group, but this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.057). On multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for cancer-specific survival were male gender (p=0.0061), non-adenocarcinoma histology (p=0.0003), pN1-2 status (p=0.0007), high serum CEA level (p<0.0001) and low BMI (low vs. others: p <0.0001). Conclusions: Preoperative BMI is an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC patients after surgical resection, with low BMI patients having an unfavorable prognosis.
Body mass index
non-small cell lung cancer
Prognosis
2017
12
01
3353
3356
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53175_e236b8a9b4177001a009a2625d63ee27.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis for a Biomarker Panel Related to Human Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Majid
Rezaei-Tavirani
Sina
Rezaei-Tavirani
Vahid
Mansouri
Mohammad
Rostami-Nejad
Mostafa
Rezaei-Tavirani
Background: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the mostlethal cancers in the world with a very poor prognosis. Identification of molecular diagnostic methods is an important goal. Since protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis is a suitable method for molecular assessment, in the present research a PPI network related to EAC was targeted. Material and Method: Cytoscape software and its applications including STRING DB, Cluster ONE and ClueGO were applied to analyze the PPI network. Result: Among 182 EAC-related proteins which were identified, 129 were included in a main connected component. Proteins based on centrality analysis of characteristics such as degree, betweenness, closeness and stress were screened and key nodes were introduced. Two clusters were determined of which only one was significant statistically. Gene ontology revealed 50 terms in three groups associated with EAC. Conclusion:The findings indicate nine crucial proteins could form a candidate biomarker panel for EAC. Furthermore, an important cluster with 27 proteins related to the disease was identified. Gene ontology analysis of this cluster showed main related terms to closely correspond with those for colorectal cancer.
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC)
Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Network Analysis
Cluster analysis
Gene ontology
2017
12
01
3357
3363
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53179_8c7330929d819f74207bb973a4282ecb.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Treatment-Related Quality of Life in Nepalese Women with Breast Cancer
Saraswati
Bhandari
Aurawamon
Sriyuktasuth
Kanaungnit
Pongthavornkamol
Objective: To identify the level of quality of life and its predictors in Nepalese women with breast cancer while receiving chemotherapy. Methods: This cross-sectional study with a predictive design was conducted for a conveniently selected sample of 85 Nepalese women with primary breast cancer receiving chemotherapy at outpatient clinics of three cancer hospitals of Kathmandu, Nepal. Data were collected during December 2016 and February 2017 using demographic sheets, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire and the modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the sample was 50.2 years (SD = 11.50). Study participants reported moderate to poor quality of life (M = 33.5, SD = 23.5). Multiple regression analysis showed that age, years of education, stage, past breast surgery, overall symptom severity, and social support significantly explained 56.8% of the variance in quality of life (R2 = .568, F (8,76) = 12.469, p = .000). However, overall symptom severity (β = -.477, p= .000) and social support (β = .183, p = .050) were the most important predictors. Conclusions: As Nepalese women reported decreased quality of life, nurses should provide preventive and supportive services to improve the quality of life of their patients during chemotherapy.
breast cancer
Correlates
Nepal
treatment
Quality of Life
2017
12
01
3365
3371
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53189_46137950b353991a726bfa7c824b2cb3.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Human Papilloma Virus Genotype Distribution in Cervical lesions in Zanjan, Iran
Shahrzad
Ahmadi
Hossein
Goudarzi
Ahmad
Jalilvand
Abdolreza
Esmaeilzadeh
Objective: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women all over the world, and main cause is persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) strains. It has been reported that the distribution and prevalence of HPV types varies by geographical region, so that this is important for prevention by type-specific vaccines. The aim of current study was to determine the genotype distribution of HPV using the INNO-LiPA genotyping assay in Zanjan province, North West Iran. Methods: A total of 112 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from cases of low-grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were collected. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify DNA for genotyping. Results: Among the 112 samples from females (ranging from 20 to 69 years, mean age 43.8 ± 10.1) tested for HPV DNA, 50 samples were positive. Based on results of genotyping, most common HPV genotypes were HPV18 (48%) followed by HPV-6 (24%), HPV73 (16%), HPV-51(8%), HPV-31(8%), HPV-16 (8%), HPV-56 (4%), HPV-44 (4%). Conclusion: While HPV infection is the major etiological factor for cervical cancer, presence was relatively low in our survey. In the positive cases, however, HPV18 was the most common in line with many other populations. The fact that types vary among different populations must clearly be taken into account in design of vaccines for our country.
Human papilloma virus
INNO-LiPA
Cervical cancer
Zanjan
Iran
2017
12
01
3373
3377
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53180_f374aa4eb067a65d687a27149c2d63de.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Limited Understanding of Pap Smear Testing among Women, a Barrier to Cervical Cancer Screening in the United Arab Emirates
Fatima Ahmed
AL-Hammadi
Fatema
Al-Tahri
Asma
Al-Ali
Satish C
Nair
Mahera
Abdulrahman
Global data indicate that cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Important factors that affect interventions for early diagnosis of cervical cancer include social beliefs and values and poor knowledge. These may contribute to women’s participation in screening for cervical cancer and have a significant impact on decisions to take preventive action. The present study was conducted with 599 women in the UAE between September 2016 and March 2017. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine knowledge about cervical cancer and screening, demographic characteristics and perceived barriers. Knowledge about the Pap smear test was limited, and awareness that they should undergo the Pap smear test every three years even with an initial negative/normal Pap smear result was abysmal. In spite of the positive attitude of the women towards the Pap smear test, almost 80% of the women surveyed had no knowledge of precancerous lesions. Having higher income (21/29, 72%, p=0.027) and more miscarriages were associated with better practice of Pap smears (19/26, 73%, p=0.010). Knowledge levels were significantly higher (66.3±22.2,) that values for attitude (60.5±20.9, p= 0.03, 95% CI {0.22-11.3}, Chi-square 4.38) and practice (53.7 24.1, p= 0.001, 95% CI {6.9-18.1}, Chi-square 19.7). A well-designed health education programme on cervical cancer and benefits of screening should increase the awareness among women in UAE. One point to stress is that better communication with health professionals and improvement of access to health care services should increase the rate of cervical cancer screening.
Women health
Screening
Cervical cancer
United Arab Emirates
2017
12
01
3379
3387
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53786_2d123fdd4f4e1bde338de328926fa573.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Cox Regression and Parametric Models: Comparison of How They Determine Factors Influencing Survival of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Elahe
Khaksar
Mohsen
Askarishahi
Seyedhossein
Hekmatimoghaddam
Hassanali
Vahedian_Ardakani
Background and objectives: The present study of survival rate of patients with non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) compared the efficiency of Cox semi-parametric vs. parametric models in determination of influencing factors. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were gathered from 190 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of NSCLC referred to Shahid Sadoughi and Shohadaye Kargar Hospitals in Yazd, Iran during 2005 to 2014. To identify and compare factors influencing the survival rate, a Cox semi-parametric model was fitted to the data. Data analysis was performed using the R software version R3.3.1, and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The average age was 64.5 years. About 40% of patients had stage 4 disease. The median survival was 8 months. After comparing the models, the more efficient was the log-normal distribution (AIC=889.3829), with which disease stage, type of therapy, and age were significant factors. Among the different types of therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy yielded higher survival rates, and increased age was associated with lower survival. Conclusion: The most efficient model was a log-normal model. Implementation of optimal therapies at early stages can improve the survival of patients.
Key words: Cox proportional hazards model
Influential factors
Non-small cell lung carcinoma
Parametric model
survival
2017
12
01
3389
3393
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53190_a638d776fcbc412701c546185d0bfe33.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Lung Lesion Detection in CT Scan Images Using the Fuzzy Local Information Cluster Means (FLICM) Automatic Segmentation Algorithm and Back Propagation Network Classification
M
Lavanya
P Muthu
Kannan
Lung cancer is a frequently lethal disease often causing death of human beings at an early age because of uncontrolled cell growth in the lung tissues. The diagnostic methods available are less than effective for detection of cancer. Therefore an automatic lesion segmentation method with computed tomography (CT) scans has been developed. However it is very difficult to perform automatic identification and segmentation of lung tumours with good accuracy because of the existence of variation in lesions. This paper describes the application of a robust lesion detection and segmentation technique to segment every individual cell from pathological images to extract the essential features. The proposed technique based on the FLICM (Fuzzy Local Information Cluster Means) algorithm used for segmentation, with reduced false positives in detecting lung cancers. The back propagation network used to classify cancer cells is based on computer aided diagnosis (CAD).
CT
CAD
FLICM
FP
2017
12
01
3395
3399
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53191_5535255558d034132c2f3e065c8b9971.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Cancer Mortality, Early Detection and Treatment among Adult New Zealanders: Changes in Perceptions between 2001 and 2014/5
Rosalina
Richards
Bronwen
McNoe
Ella
Iosua
Anthony I
Reeder
Richard
Egan
Louise
Marsh
Lindsay
Robertson
Brett
Maclennan
Anna Tiatia
Faatoese Latu
Robin
Quigg
Anne-Cathrine
Petersen
Background: Beliefs about cancer risk and experience of early detection and treatment can impact on willingness to engage with these initiatives. This study describes changes in perceptions of cancer mortality, early detection and treatment among adult New Zealanders (NZ) between two cross-sectional studies conducted in 2001 and 2014/5. Methods: Data was collected via telephone interviews conducted by trained interviewers in 2001 (231 females and 207 males, 64% response rate) and 2014/5 (588 females and 476 males, 64% response rate). Participants were asked to identify the most common three causes of cancer mortality among women and then men. They were also asked to note their agreement or otherwise with statements about early detection and treatment of cancer. Results: There was an increase in proportions of men who correctly identified prostate cancer as one of the top three causes of cancer mortality among men, and also an increase among women who correctly identified bowel cancer as one of the top three. Most participants agreed that there were benefits from early detection for cancer outcomes. Over time, there was a significant decline in proportions which felt that most cancer treatment is "so terrible it is worse than death" and that alternative therapy has an "equal or better chance of curing cancer." Conclusion: Internationally, there is little information available about changes in cancer perceptions over time, these findings suggest some changes in perceptions of treatment and awareness of types of cancer with the highest mortality in NZ, which should support timely engagement with early detection and treatment services.
cancer
Perception
Early Detection of Cancer
Early Diagnosis
cross-sectional studies
2017
12
01
3401
3406
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53194_5c94cc50394c229047f7fe34f230c096.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Descriptive Epidemiology of Cancers in Togo from 2009 to 2016
Tchin
Darre
Tchilabalo M
Kpatcha
Aklesso
Bagny
Nidain
Maneh
Faré
Gnandi-Piou
Boyodi
Tchangai
Sassil
Dare
Solange
Adani-Ifé
Atchi
Walla
Koffi
Amégbor
Gado
Napo-Koura
Background: Cancer is a global public health problem. According to World Report on Cancer in 2000, developing countries are becoming increasingly affected. Methods: This retrospective and descriptive 8-year study of all histological confirmed cancers was conducted using data from the anatomical pathology laboratory registry of Togo’s only laboratory. The parameters were frequency, site and histological type as well as age and gender. Results: We found 1,738 cancers in patients aged from 4 months to 109 years (mean, 50.4 ± 4. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.3. The most frequent localizations of the cancers were the prostate (10.3%) followed by the breast (9.9%), the stomach (8.4%) and the cervix (7.2%). In women, the median age was 47.4 ± 2.9 years, and the most common cancers were breast cancer (21.2%), followed by cervical cancer (16.3%). In men, the median age was 53.2 ± 7.3 years and the most frequent cancers were prostate cancer (18.5%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (13.2%) and stomach cancer (10.7%). In children, Burkitt’s lymphoma (41.8%), retinoblastoma (11.6%) and nephroblastoma (9.6%) were the most important cancers. Conclusion: Cancers are frequent in Togo, those of the prostate, breast and cervix being most important with a worse prognosis. Emphasis should be placed on early detection and diagnosis.
cancer
Epidemiology
histology
Togo
2017
12
01
3407
3411
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53195_eeb3e320fe14f2a4e2ea8a05e80f60a0.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Unexpected Lower Expression of Oncoprotein Gankyrin in Drug Resistant ABCG2 Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Maryam
Taheri
Khadijeh
Jamialahmadi
Fatemeh
Kalalinia
Background: Development of a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype to chemotherapy remains a major barrier in the treatment of cancer. Gankyrin (p28, p28GANK or PSMD10) is an oncoprotein overexpressed in different carcinoma cell lines. The aim of this study was to compare Gankyrin expression level in MDR cells (MCF-7/ADR and MCF-7/ MX) and non-MDR counterparts (MCF-7). Methods: Gankyrin, MDR1 (also known as ABCB1; the ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1) and ABCG2 (also known as BCRP; the human breast cancer resistance protein) mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression levels of Gankyrin. Results: The PCR results showed that the expression of Gankyrin was significantly lower in the ABCG2 overexpressing cell line MCF-7/MX than in non-resistanct MCF-7 cells. In contrast, there were no significant differences in mRNA expression of Gankyrin in the MDR1 overexpressing cell line MCF-7/ADR in comparison with MCF-7 cells. Similarly, Western blot analysis confirmed lower expression of Gankyrin protein in the MCF-7/MX cell line (26% compared to controls) but not in MCF-7/ADR cells. Conclusion: These findings showed that there may be a relation between down-regulation of Gankyrin and overexpression of ABCG2 but without any clear relationship with MDR1 expression in breast cancer cell lines.
Multidrug Resistance
Gankyrin
PSMD10 protein
breast cancer
MCF-7 Cells
2017
12
01
3413
3418
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53200_b1a137c9863b6ff925fb0151fcbdf489.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Vitamin D Deficiency Associated with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case- Control Study
Zahra
Heidari
Mahdi
Nikbakht
Mohammad Ali
Mashhadi
Mahdi
Jahantigh
Nasrin
Mansournia
Vahid
Sheikhi
Mohammad Ali
Mansournia
Objective: In recent decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased throughout the world. It is unclear whether factors such as vitamin D deficiency may have been involved in this increase. The present case-control study was conducted to examine any association between Vitamin D deficiency and thyroid cancers. Methods: The study was conducted on 85 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer diagnosed based on fine needle aspiration biopsy as the case group and 85 healthy controls. Serum levels of vitamin D were evaluated before thyroidectomy. For each patient in the case group, one healthy euthyroid person without any thyroid nodules from the general population matched based on season, sex, age (± 1 year) and BMI (± 1) was selected. Finally, 85 pairs were obtained considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thyroid function, thyroid antibodies and serum vitamin D were assessed and thyroid sonography was performed in all participants. Results: In the patient group, 72 (85%) were female and 13 (15%) were male. The mean (SD) serum vitamin D level was 8.00 (±3.7) in patient group, as compared to 13.4 (±7.90) in the control group, the difference being significant (OR: 6, 95 % CI: 1.02-113.3; P=0.046). Conclusion: A significant association was noted between vitamin D deficiency and differentiated thyroid cancer. Further studies with a prospective design are necessary to further define the roles of this factor.
Vitamin D
Thyroid cancer
etiology
2017
12
01
3419
3422
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53787_417f88c8846f5750862e936831f25d4c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
TP53 Gene Pro72Arg (rs1042522) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism as Not a Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer in the Iranian Azari Population
Milad
Asadi
Dariush
Shanaehbandi
Armin
Zarintan
Negar
Pedram
Behzad
Baradaran
Venus
Zafari
Masoud
Shirmohamadi
Shahriyar
Hashemzadeh
Background: The p53 protein participates critically in several cellular functions such as cell growth and DNA repair. Polymorphisms in the TP53 locus have repeatedly been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancers all over the world. Over 200 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been characterized, but one well-known example at at codon 72, Pro72Arg (rs1042522), has the displayed inconsistent results with regard to cancer risk. Herein, we aimed to evaluate whether Pro72Arg (rs1042522) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TP53 gene might be associated with risk of colorectal cancer in the Iranian Azari population. Methods: Blood samples were taken from 100 healthy controls and 100 colorectal cancer patients with Iranian-Azeri ethnicity. Genotyping was performed with Tetra-ARMS PCR. Results: The alleles of the TP53 gene Pro72Arg SNP did not significantly differ in prevalence between patients and controls (P>0.05). Additionally, genotypes of Pro72Arg SNP were not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk in the studied population. Conclusions: Pro72Arg SNP of TP53 gene may not be involved in the disease pathogenesis in Iranian Azari patients with colorectal cancer.
Tp53
Pro72Arg polymorphism
colorectal cancer
2017
12
01
3423
3427
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53809_7f5fbde2174fc389136d88fbb8d85fd5.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
EpCAM-based Flow Cytometric Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Gallbladder Carcinoma Cases
Namrata Punit
Awasthi
Swati
Kumari
Azfar
Neyaz
sameer
gupta
Akash
Agarwal
Ashish
Singhal
Nuzhat
Husain
Purpose: Liquid biopsy has entered the arena of cancer diagnostics in the past decade and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is one diagnostic component. CTCs in gallbladder cancer (GBC) have hitherto not been comprehensively analysed. Methods and Results: The current study focused on the diagnostic role of CTCs in 27 cases of treatment-naive GBC and 6 normal controls as well as 6 cases of cholecystitis. An EasySep kit featuring negative immunomagnetic bead separation and flow cytometric detection of EpCAM positive and CD45 negative cells revealed CTCs in 25 of the 27 cases. At a cut-off point of ≥1, the CTC count discriminated GBC from controls with a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 92.6%, 91.7% and 92.3%, respectively. CTC levels in turn correlated significantly with clinico-pathological parameters of cases in terms of known prognostic indicators, with significant diagnostic potential at a cut-off point of >4, to discriminate disease stage I and II vs. III and IV GBC. With a cut-off of >3, the CTC count discriminated tumor stages I and II vs. III and IV and at >6 CTCs could discriminate metastatic vs. non metastatic GBCs with a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 55. 6%, 100.0% and 85.2, respectively. A review of CTC in pancreatico-biliary malignancies is included. Conclusion: Detection and quantification of CTCs may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for GBC diagnosis in correlation with radiological studies.
circulating tumor cells
Gall bladder cancer
Liquid Biopsy
Flowcytometry
EpCAM
2017
12
01
3429
3437
https://journal.waocp.org/article_54072_714de445c775c73e68ec566250a0515a.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Dosimetric Validation of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy with Three 6MV Beam-Matched Linear Accelerators
Sangaiah
Ashokkumar
K M
Ganesh
k
Ramalingam
K
Karthikeyan
N
Jagadeeshkumar
Background: To avoid inconvenience to patients due to linear accelerator down time in busy radio-therapy departments, treatment plans can be switched between linear accelerators provided that all exhibit the same same dosimetric characteristics. In other words linear accelerators should be beam-matched. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of beam-matching using VMAT plans. Materials and Methods: Dosimetric data with a 6MV beam from am Clinac 2100CD were taken as baseline values and other two units, a 2300CD and a Unique Performance, were factory tuned in accordance. An analysis of PDD data was performed for different field sizes to evaluate energy matching. Beam profiles for field sizes of 10×10 cm2 and 40 × 40 cm2 at depths of 1.5 cm and 10 cm were analyzed. The relative output factor and MLC dosimetric properties were compared with each machine to determine variability among the different models. Thirty patients from our database were selected, ten each for head and neck, thorax and pelvis sites. VMAT plans were created in the Eclipse treatment planning system for a Clinac 2100 CD for reference. and verification plans were created for each to compare point dose measurements. Results: The TPR 20/10 for 10 × 10 cm2 was well matched, showing no energy differences. Deviation of all point dose measurements fell within ±3%. Planar dose maps all showed greater than 95% of points with a passed area γ-value less than 1. Conclusion: Our study evaluation of beam matching with treatment planning modeling showed good agreement fior 6 MV beams across all three linear accelerators used in our clinical environment.
VMAT
AAA
TPS
Beam Matching
2017
12
01
3439
3444
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53789_d4734d45a302f47306e185a18d69dc80.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Genistein and Trichostatin A Induction of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene Expression, Apoptosis and Cell Growth Inhibition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG 2 Cells
Masumeh
Sanaei
Fraidoon
Kavoosi
Habibeh
Salehi
Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation play important roles in determining gene expression. Hypermethylation of CpG islands of the promoter region of tumor suppressor genes can greatly influence carcinogenesis through transcriptional silencing. Acetylation of lysine in histone tails causes relaxation of chromatin, which facilitates gene transcription, while deacetylation is associated with condensed chromatin resulting in gene silencing. DNA demethylating agents such as genistein (GE) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) such as trichostatin A (TSA) may strongly reactivate silenced genes and exposure to these two agents in combination is reported to enhance estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) reactivation and induction of apoptosis. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of these compounds on ERα gene expression, cell viability and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hep G2 cells. GE exerted biphasic effects; it stimulated cell growth at a low concentration (1 μM) but inhibitory influence was noted with high concentrations (10, 20 and 40 μM). In contrast, TSA demonstrated inhibitory effects on growth at all of concentrations tested. Furthermore, GE and GE/TSA significantly induced apoptosis at all concentrations, but TSA only after 72 h. GE induced ERα re-expression and this was maximal in combined treatment groups treated with GE/TSA for 72 h. Discussion: Our finding clearly indicates that GE and TSA have an inhibitory cell growth, induce apoptosis and reactivate the ERα gene expression. Conclusion: GE and TSA can significantly inhibit the growth of HCC cells and play a significant role in apoptosis and reactivation of ERα gene.
Genistein
Trichostatin A
Hepatocellular carcinoma
2017
12
01
3445
3450
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53788_67cd2c23d5bff199204ad9dec596977c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Cancer Detection in Microarray Data Using a Modified Cat Swarm Optimization Clustering Approach
Pandi
M
Balamurugan
R
Sadhasivam
N
Objective: A better understanding of functional genomics can be obtained by extracting patterns hidden in gene expression data. This could have paramount implications for cancer diagnosis, gene treatments and other domains. Clustering may reveal natural structures and identify interesting patterns in underlying data. The main objective of this research was to derive a heuristic approach to detection of highly co-expressed genes related to cancer from gene expression data with minimum Mean Squared Error (MSE). Methods: A modified CSO algorithm using Harmony Search (MCSO-HS) for clustering cancer gene expression data was applied. Experiment results are analyzed using two cancer gene expression benchmark datasets, namely for leukaemia and for breast cancer. Result: The results indicated MCSO-HS to be better than HS and CSO, 13% and 9% with the leukaemia dataset. For breast cancer dataset improvement was by 22% and 17%, respectively, in terms of MSE. Conclusion: The results showed MCSO-HS to outperform HS and CSO with both benchmark datasets. To validate the clustering results, this work was tested with internal and external cluster validation indices. Also this work points to biological validation of clusters with gene ontology in terms of function, process and component.
Cancer diagnosis
Gene Treatments
Genomics
Leukaemia Cancer
breast cancer
2017
12
01
3451
3455
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53790_c7cfeccd3535b39712d4f01f7b8dd81c.pdf
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
1513-7368
1513-7368
2017
18
12
Comparison of Diagnostic Yield of a FISH Panel Against Conventional Cytogenetic Studies for Hematological Malignancies: A South Indian Referral Laboratory Analysis of 201 Cases
Vishal
Ashok
Ramya
Ranganathan
Smitha
Chander
Sharat
Damodar
Sunil
Bhat
Nataraj
K S
Satish Kumar
Anumula
Sachin Suresh
Jadhav
Mahesh
Rajashekaraiah
Sundareshan
TS
Objectives: Genetic markers are crucial fort diagnostic and prognostic investigation of hematological malignancies (HM). The conventional cytogenetic study (CCS) has been the gold standard for more than five decades. However, FISH (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) testing has become a popular modality owing to its targeted approach and the ability to detect abnormalities in non-mitotic cells. We here aimed to compare the diagnostic yields of a FISH panel against CCS in HMs. Methods: Samples of bone marrow and peripheral blood for a total of 201 HMs were tested for specific gene rearrangements using multi-target FISH and the results were compared with those from CCS. Results: Exhibited a greater diagnostic yield with a positive result in 39.8% of the cases, as compared to 17.9% of cases detected by CCS. Cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) benefited the most by FISH testing, which identified chromosomal aberrations beyond the capacity of CCS. FISH was least beneficial in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) where the highest concordance with CCS was exhibited. Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) demonstrated greater benefit with CCS. In addition, we found the following abnormalities to be most prevalent in HMs by FISH panel testing: RUNX1 (21q22) amplification in ALL, deletion of D13S319/LAMP1 (13q14) in CLL, CKS1B (1q21) amplification in multiple myeloma and deletion of EGR1/RPS14 (5q31/5q32) in MDS, consistent with the literature. Conclusions: In conclusion, FISH was found to be advantageous in only a subset of HMs and cannot completely replace CCS. Utilization of the two modalities in conjunction or independently should depend on the indicated HM for an optimal approach to detecting chromosomal aberrations.
Keywords: Chromosomal aberration
cytogenetics
Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization
Hematological malignancies
2017
12
01
3457
3464
https://journal.waocp.org/article_53810_963f09a2cce5b34e956b62674c3580c3.pdf