West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Pathogenesis and Prevention of Radiation-induced Myocardial Fibrosis5835874512210.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.583ENLi KunLiuDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.WeiweiOuyangDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.Teaching and Researching Section of Oncology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.XingZhaoDepartment of
Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.Sheng FaSuDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.Teaching and Researching Section of Oncology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.YanYangDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.Wen JinDingDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.Da XianLuoDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.Teaching and Researching Section of Oncology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.Zhi XuHeDepartment of
Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.BingLuDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.Teaching and Researching Section of Oncology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.Journal Article20161124 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Radiation therapy is one of the most important methods for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, in radiotherapy for thoracic tumors such as breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and mediastinal lymphoma, the heart, located in the mediastinum, is inevitably affected by the irradiation, leading to pericardial disease, myocardial </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">fibrosis, coronary artery disease, valvular lesions, and cardiac conduction system injury, which are considered radiation-induced heart diseases. Delayed cardiac injury especially myocardial fibrosis is more prominent, and its incidence is as high as 20–80%. Myocardial fibrosis is the final stage of radiation-induced heart diseases, and it increases </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">the stiffness of the myocardium and decreases myocardial systolic and diastolic function, resulting in myocardial electrical physiological disorder, arrhythmia, incomplete heart function, or even sudden death. This article reviews the </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">pathogenesis and prevention of radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis for providing references for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_45122_c0f557cba4fd4d02e1dc19a5c605faf0.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Is Height of Prognostic Significance in Breast Cancer Cases?5895914511510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.589ENYaseminCihanKayseri Education and Research Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Turkey.Journal Article20161202 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation of height with prognosis and other prognostic factors in Turkish breast cancer cases. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We retrospectively reviewed a total of 393 women aged between 26 and 88 years, diagnosed with stage 1-3 invasive ductal breast cancer, treated and followed-up in Kayseri Education and Research Hospital. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Findings: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The mean age at admission was 55.7 years; 77.6% were aged under 65, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">56.7% were postmenopausal, 97.4% had undergone modified radical mastectomy, 47.3% were AJCC stage II, 36.8% </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">N0, 46.0% grade II, 95.4% had received chemotherapy, 81.1% radiotherapy and 71.5% hormonotherapy. Height was under 151 cm in 20.8 %, 151-160 cm in 57.3 % and over 161 in 21.9 %. Follow-up duration differed between 0.3 and 195.3 months. Mean overal survival (OS) was 125.0 (65.6-184.3) months and progression free survival was 91.5 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(37.7-145.2) months, with a tendency for better survival in taller individuals but no signficant variation between </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">height groups. The 5 and 10-year OS rates were 74.5% and 56.4%, and PFS rates were 64.5% and 49.2%. Regarding </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">association of height with other prognostic factors, a significant correlation was found between height and AJCC stage </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(p= 0.011) and estrogen status (ER) (p= 0.043). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In conclusion, overal survival was found to be longer in patients with a height between 151 and 160 cm than those under 151 cm and over 161 cm. The reason for not obtaining </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">significant results might be a relatively small number of patients and lack of the evaluation of clinical and pathologic </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">characteristics together with anthropometric measurements in the patient population. Further studies are warranted to clarify any association. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_45115_b0c08c81e0bd3853fcacd8a33f9ada94.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Association of Human Cytomegalovirus with Hodgkin’s Disease and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas5935974447710.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.593ENHamideMehravaranHealth Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.ManoochehrMakvandiHealth Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.0000-0003-2510-3033AlirezaSamarbaf ZadeHealth Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.NiloofarNeisiVirology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.HadisKianiVirology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.HashemRadmehrVirology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.ToranShahaniVirology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Seyedeh ZeinabHoseiniVirology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.NastaranRanjbariPathology department, ImamkhomeiniHospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.RahilNahid SamieiHealth Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Journal Article20160831 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background and Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can persist lifelong as a latent infection and may result in a series of disorders. Associations with both Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin´s lymphomas have been reported. Expression of the unique long (UL)138 gene of HCMV is linked with the viral latency phase while that of the immediate-early (IE)1 gene is typical of the viral replication phase in patients. This study conducted to determine the prevalence of CMV latent infection in histological tissue samples from patients with Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin´s lymphomas. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Material and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A cross sectional study was carried out with a total of 50 paraffin embedded </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">tissues blocks, including 25 samples for Hodgkin’s disease and 25 samples for non-Hodgkin´s lymphomas. After RNA </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">extraction and cDNA preparation, detection of IE1 mRNA was conducted by RT-PCR and identification of mRNA </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">UL138 was achieved by nested PCR. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Among 25 cases of Non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma, 5 (20%) were positive for UL 138 and 1 (4%) for both IE1 and UL 138. Among 25 cases of Hodgkin only 1 (4%) was positive for UL 138 and all were negative for IE1 .</span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A relatively high 20% rate of expression of UL 138 was detected in patients with non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma, so that latent CMV infection may play a role in development of the disease. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44477_ed8db8a672b8685ac9dbdd56175b2dbc.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Clinical Significance of Circulating Serum Cellular Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) Level in Patients with Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma5996014448410.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.599ENFarukTasInstitute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, TurkeyElifBilginInstitute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, TurkeyKayhanErturkInstitute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, TurkeyDeryaDuranyildizInstitute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, TurkeyJournal Article20161007 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Cellular heat shock proteins (HSPs) play significant roles in sustaining normal cellular conditions. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The stimulated expressions of HSPs result in cellular stabilization at times of stress, such as cancer. The objective of </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">this study was to determine the clinical significance of the serum levels of HSP90 in melanoma patients. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Material and methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total number of 98 melanoma patients were enrolled into this study. Serum HSP90 concentrations were determined by the solid-phase sandwich ELISA method. Age and sex matched 43 healthy controls were included in the analysis. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The median age of patients was 51 years, ranging from 16 to 85 years. The majority of patients were male (61%), had lesions in axial localizations (54%) and had metastatic disease (61%). Moreover, most of the patients with metastatic disease had M1c diseases (73%). The baseline serum HSP90 levels of melanoma patients </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">were significantly higher than those of the control subjects (median values 49.76 v 27.07ng/ml, respectively, p<0.001). </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">However, clinical variables, such as age, gender, site of lesion, histology, lymph node involvement, stage, serum LDH levels and response to chemotherapy, were found not correlated with serum HSP90 concentrations (p>0.05). Moreover, serum HSP90 level was found not prognostic on survival (p=0.683). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Serum levels of HSP90 may have a diagnostic value in melanoma. However, its predictive and prognostic values were not determined. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44484_3b54b1817f2fb9fb2a9eb64fc874ddf9.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Evaluation Expression of Microrna-93 and Integrin Β8 in Different Types of Glioma Tumors6036084471910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.603ENRezaMalekpour AfsharNeuroscience Research Center ,Institue of Neuropharmacology ,Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Keramn, IranHamid RezaMollaeiDepartment of medical Microbiology ,Kerman university of medical sciences , kerman, Iran0000-0001-6874-0011MahdiehShokrizadehNeuroscience Research Center ,Institue of Neuropharmacology,Kerman university of medical sciences , kerman, IranMaryamIranpourPathology and Stem Cell Research Center,
Kerman, IranJournal Article20161010 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">MicroRNAs (miRNAs), are a type of small non-coding RNAs, that induce mRNA degradation or repress translation </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of its target mRNA. Some specific miRNAs, e.g. miR-93, have been </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">discovered to be involved in pathological procedures by targeting some oncogenes or tumor suppressors in glioma. In the present study, real-time RT-PCR data was indicated the expression pattern and prognostic value of miR-93 in patients </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">with types of Glioma.MiR-93 expression was significantly decreased in tumor tissue compared with normal group brain tissues (P<0.001). Low miR-93 expression was significantly correlated with progressive tumor grade (P=0.02).Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that miR-93 decreased expression (HR, 4.3; 95% CI, 0.8–17.2, P=0.02), advanced tumor grade (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 0.2–13.9, P=0.04), for integrinβ8, level expression was inverse. Our data was shown that the down regulation of miR-93 was significantly correlated with unfavorable pathological features in patients with Glioma </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.Suggesting that decreased expression of miR-93can be used as a novel prognostic factor for this disease. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44719_72a2cf9763c11f52e5cbab7ce14af07d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301The Meningioma 1 (MN1) Gene is an Independent Poor Prognostic Factor in Adult Egyptian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients6096134474510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.609ENRoxanShafikNational Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Medical Oncology Department, Egypt0000-0002-7403-839xNaglaaHassanNational Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Medical Oncology Department, Egypt0000-0002-3195-1568YomnaEl-MeliguiNational Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Medical Oncology Department, EgyptHananShafikNational Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Medical Oncology Department, EgyptJournal Article20161106 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Aim: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">To determine the prognostic importance of meningioma 1 (MN1) gene expression levels in the context of other predictive markers for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">MN1 expression was measured in 85 newly diagnosed adults younger than 60 years by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">At diagnosis 67.4% of cases had elevated MN1 expression, this being associated with a worse prognosis, higher incidence of lymphadenopathy and CD34 transcript expression (p=0.02 and <0.001, respectively). No other molecular or clinical </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">characteristics were significantly associated with MN1expression. Patients with high MN1 expression had lower complete response rate at day 15 compared to patients with low MN1 expression (p=0.09) and a signi</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">fi</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">cantly higher </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">relapse rate (21.1% versus 7.7%, respectively, p=0.04). Patients with high MN1 expression had shorter TTP compared to those with low expression, p= 0.07. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">MN1 expression may predict outcome in AML patients. The MN1 gene and micro RNA expression suggest a biological feature that could be used as therapeutic targets. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44745_8f9e7c493c9fa2b2081cdbff43182aa3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Association Between XRCC1 and WRN as Genetic Markers of Stability and Susceptibility to Cancer in Patients with HIV/AIDS and Cancer: a Cross-Sectional Study6156204465310.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.615ENGabriel CarvalhoMaldonadoDepartment of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, faculty Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, BrazilOrlando NascimentoTerra JúniorDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, BrazilAdrianoArnóbioPostgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, BrazilGuilherme RohemAlfradiqueDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, BrazilMaria HelenaOrnellasDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil0000-0002-2983-9593Roberto IrineuDa SilvaPostgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, BrazilDirce BonfimDe LimaDepartment of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, faculty Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, BrazilJournal Article20161111 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HIV-induced immunodeficiency has been implicated as a key factor for risk of cancer. Neoplasia is </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">considered to result from accumulation of damage to the genome. Polymorphisms in repair genes, such as the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">XRCC1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">WRN</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, have been associated with susceptibility to development of cancer in patients with HIV/AIDS. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of polymorphisms in </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">XRCC1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Arg399Gln) and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">WRN </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Cys1367Arg) in </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">patients with HIV/AIDS with or without cancer. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Genotyping for analysis of polymorphisms </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">was carried out by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). Results: In the genotypic and allelic analysis, no increased risk of cancer was observed with any genotype or allele </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">XRCC1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Arg399Gln) singly (prevalence ratio 2.82; p-value= 0.24). However, with the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">WRN </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Cys1367Arg) gene, the heterozygous genotype and arginine allele were associated with increased risk (prevalence ratio= 25.62; p-value= 0.0001). Correlation analysis showed no association between gender and the risk (male p-value= 0.639 and women p-value> 1); however, a positive association for the increased risk of cancer was shown with </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">XRCC1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Arg399Arg) </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">wild-type homozygous and WRN (Cys1367Arg) heterozygous (p-value< 0.001), with heterozygous </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">XRCC1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Arg399Gln) and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">WRN </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Cys1367Arg) (p-value< 0.001), and with variant homozygous </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">XRCC1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Gln399Gln) and heterozygous WRN (Cys1367Arg) (p-value< 0.001). Conclusions: There is no increased risk of cancer in patients who are HIV/AIDS </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">carriers of the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">XRCC1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Arg399Gln) gene singly. However, there is a high risk in patients with HIV/AIDS who have the </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">heterozygous genotype and the arginine allele in the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">WRN </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Cys1367Arg) gene singly. Those with </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">WRN </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Cys1367Arg) heterozygote genotype showed a high risk of cancer with all genotypes of the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">XRCC1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Arg399Gln) gene. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44653_384bf7819b9ca61f2f48560d347af7e0.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Lead Levels in Vegetables from Artisanal Mining Sites of Dilimi River, Bukuru and Barkin Ladi North Central Nigeria: Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk Assessment6216274508910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.621ENOrish EbereOrisakweToxicology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, NigeriaEmmanuel AyubaDagurDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, NigeriaHerbertMbagwuDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, NigeriaNnaemeka ArinzeUdowelleToxicology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, NigeriaJournal Article20161113 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Lead (Pb) contamination of foods and especially of frequently consumed vegetables is a growing public health concern worldwide. Although levels of exposure in developed countries have declined over the past decades, the same cannot be said of developing countries. Health risk assessment has increasingly been employed to determine the potential hazard of heavy metal exposure to humans. In this study vegetable samples (tomatoes, red pepper, brown beans, lettuce, cabbage, Irish potatoes, onions, green beans and carrot), soil samples, irrigation water and sediment samples were collected from the Dilimi River, Bukuru and Barkin Ladi communities in north central Nigeria and analyzed for Pb content using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed levels with ranges from 0.5 – 2.4 mg/kg (Dilimi River), 0.3 – 1.7 mg/kg (Barkin Ladi) and 1.46 – 1.89 mg/kg (Bukuru) in vegetables were largely above the maximum permissible limit recommended by WHO/FAO. The lead levels found in soil samples, which ranged from 9.19 – 36.042 mg/kg, also exceeded some safety standards. At least 75% of the calculated estimated daily intakes of Pb from different vegetable samples were also higher than the permissible tolerable daily intakes PTDI (0.0035 mg/kg day-1) of Pb in both adults and children. Target hazard quotient THQ values > 1 were also observed in children. In conclusion, there is a health risk from consumption of vegetables in these mining communities. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_45089_3b91a3ca3d047216781388420f153a52.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Toxicity of Cisplatin-Loaded Poly Butyl Cyanoacrylate Nanoparticles in a Brain Cancer Cell Line: Anionic Polymerization Results6296324508610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.629ENNejadMohamadiDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranS MaryamKazemiDepartment of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, IranMahshidMohammadianDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IranAttabakToofani MilaniDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IranYounesMoradiDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran, IranMaryamYasemiDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMeysamEbrahimi FarDepartment of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad
University, Shahreza Branch, ShahrezaMaralMazloumi TabriziDepartment of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranHasanEbrahimi ShahmabadiDepartment of microbiology, parasitology and immunology, faculty of medicine, rafsanjan university of medical sciences, rafsanjan, IranAzimAkbarzadeh KhiyaviDepartment of Pilot Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20161108 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Cancer is one of the most important issues in modern medicine and the most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases in many countries. Brain cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death among men and women, ranking third. Chemotherapeutic drugs that aim to prevent uncontrolled proliferation of cells in tissues of the body and induce apoptosis of tumor cells are prominent candidates for development. Since cisplatin has an apoptosis-inducing role, it is widely used as an anticancer agent. In this research, toxicity of cisplatin was studied with the C6 rat glioma cell lined using the MTT method. In addition, nanoparticles underwent SEM microscopic imaging. Particle average size, size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of poly butyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles were found to be 222 nm, 0.470 ± 0.04 and 5.1 ± 0.2 mV, respectively. The results showed that nanoconjugates of cisplatin have more cytotoxic effects on C6 cells than the free drug (P<0.05), pointing to an enhanced potential of the synthesized nano-particles as a new nanocarrier for chemotherapy. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_45086_7291bc976827dfefa21e515d77ed959c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301The Effects of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) on Levels of CD4+ and CD8+ in Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer or Peritoneal Cancer Receiving Platinum Based Chemotherapy6336384461710.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.633ENWineeyaSuknikhomDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok, ThailandRuangsakLertkhachonsukDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok, ThailandTarineeManchanaDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok, ThailandJournal Article20161114 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Adjuvant chemotherapy is a required treatment for most patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) or peritoneal cancer. However, it has many adverse events which may affect oncologic outcomes. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) has been reported to be an immunoenhancer to decrease adverse events of chemotherapy. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Patients were randomized and allocated to receive either AHCC three grams/day (500mg/ capsule) or placebo. These drugs were administrated as two capsules orally three times a day throughout six cycles of chemotherapy. The primary outcome was a change of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell lymphocytes in peripheral blood samples from baseline to completion of chemotherapy. Secondary outcomes were rate of bone marrow suppression, adverse events and quality of life (QOL) as assessed by Thai version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Study outcomes were analyzed in 28 patients, 14 patients in each group. Changes in CD4+ and CD8+ </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">T cell lymphocytes levels were not significantly different between AHCC and placebo group; 43.5/ul (-237.5, 143.3) versus -69.5 /ul (-223.8, 165) for CD4+ level, p=0.61 and 49.5.0 /ul (-80, 153.3) versus 4.0 /ul (-173, 62.5) for CD8+ level, p=0.19. However, CD8+ levels were significantly higher in the AHCC group at the sixth cycle of chemotherapy; 392.5.0 /ul (310.8, 598) versus 259.5 /ul (170.5, 462.3), p=0.03. There was no difference in bone marrow suppression and QOL between the two groups. Adverse events in terms of nausea and vomiting significantly decreased but muscle pain significantly increased in the AHCC group. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Changes in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell lymphocytes from </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">baseline were not significantly increased in AHCC group. However, CD8+T cell lymphocytes levels were significantly </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">higher in the AHCC group at the sixth cycle of chemotherapy. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44617_c805d38aeb07b7826aff8d3617bfe34f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Evolution of Cancer Registration Combining Online Reporting with Follow-up in the Community: Practices in Guangzhou, China6396464484910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.639ENHuazhangLiuCancer Registry, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaGuozhenLinCancer Registry, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaKeLiCancer Registry, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaHaiyuanDingSinosoft Ltd, Kexueyuan South Road,
Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing, ChinaHuanXuCancer Registry, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaYanLiCancer Registry, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaHangDongCancer Registry, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaShaofangSongCancer Registry, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, ChinaJournal Article20161129 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">An efficient registration system with accurate and timely information on cancer incidence and mortality is key to development of policies to prevent and control cancer. A traditional registration system usually needs 3-4 years to collect data and publish a cancer report. However, researchers, policymakers and healthcare professionals need to know the latest cancer registration data quickly. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A computer system has been operating with cases reported online by hospitals and followed up in communities at the Cancer Registry of Guangzhou (CRG) since 2008. The comparability, completeness, accuracy and timeliness of collected data were here evaluated. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">From 2010 to 2014, 181,194 cancer cases from 1,916,253 medical records of cancer were reported to the CRG online. 53,473 cases were deleted as duplicates (47,906), wrong diagnoses (410) or residents of other places (5,157) during the follow up. Successful final follow-up rates were over 90% for both newly and previously diagnosed cases by general practitioners in community clinics. The CRG coding and classi</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">fi</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">cation system follows international standards. The annual trends for all sites by sex were stable from 2010 to 2014. All age-specific incidence rates for childhood cancers were within the limits of the respective international references. The overall M:I ratio for all sites but C44 was 56.7%.,ratios for most sites in Guangzhou being between Hong Kong and Shanghai. A total of 75.7% of the cancer cases reported in 2010–2012 were morphologically verified. Ninety five percent of new cases completed registration within 29.0 months in 2010, reducing to 8.0 months in 2014. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The online report system with community follow up at the CRG yields reasonably accurate and close-to-complete data. It takes less time to confirm diagnosis and other information so that reporting annual incidence one year after the close of registration becomes possible. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44849_8393be8dd868fb3e2e2953e9457ec2ff.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Factors Associated with Cigarette Smoking in Central Parts of Iran6476534509510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.647ENMujtabaShujaHealth Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranNizalSarrafzadeganIsfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranHamid RezaRoohafzaCardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMasoumehSadeghiCardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMahinGhafariSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of
Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranMahdiMohammadianFaculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, IranAbdollahMohammadian HafshejaniDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of
Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20161205 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This study aims to assess factors associated with cigarette smoking in central parts of Iran</span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">. Materials and methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We used the data of the post intervention phase of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP) that was conducted in 2007. Logistic regression was used for calculating crude and adjusted Odds Ratios (OR). The group with the least prevalence of smoking was considered as the Reference Group (RG) and the OR for other parts of the variable </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">was calculated based on the RG and reported with a confidence interval of 95%. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Findings: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Generally, 9513 individuals participated in the study, of which 13.5% were smokers (26.2% of men and 0.8% of women). The OR for cigarette </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">smoking in men compared with women in (RG) was 13.89 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 7.44–24.82). Among rural areas, compared with urban areas in (RG), the OR was 0.98 (95% CI 0.82–1.15); and among elementary education level compared to illiterate individuals the OR was 4.37 (95% CI 1.68–10.76). The OR in individuals in the age group 35–44, compared with the age group of 65 and older in (RG) was 2.49 (95% CI 1.81–3.45). The place most used for </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">cigarette smoking was streets (72.1%); and the main reason for starting or continuing cigarette smoking, according to smokers’ opinions, was pleasure and fun</span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">. Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The highest number of smokers was in 35-44 years men, in rural areas, with elementary education level; so, they are the ones who need more attention through implementation of educational programs for awareness, improved attitudes and practices, and smoking cessation programs. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_45095_317de1ae1a3cca22c25f3e4a7c8f9236.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Prognostic Factors for Large Symptomatic Gists: a Pragmatic Study of Experiences From a University Hospital Over 10 Years6556584507310.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.655ENSupatchaPrasertcharoensukDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandPunnapudThanapongpornthanaSurgical unit , Buriram hospital , Buriram , ThailandVajarabhongsaBhudhisawasdiDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandAkePugkhemDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandKriangsakJenwitheesukDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandAumkhaeSookprasertDivision of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandChawalitPairojkulDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, ThailandJournal Article20161216 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), which are mesenchymal neoplasms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract account for 0.2% of all GI tumors. Several factors have been reported (mostly from studies conducted in Western countries) to be associated with survival in GISTs cases such as tumor site, staging, and tumor size. We conducted a pragmatic study, looking at a 10-year period, aimed at understanding the prognostic factors related to GISTs in a university hospital. The study population consisted of patients with large symptomatic GISTs. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Surgery in the Khon Kaen University Hospital (Thailand). All patients diagnosed with GISTs that were treated between 2006 and 2015 were consecutively enrolled. The diagnosis of GISTs was made by examining the pathological section and immunohistochemistry results. The outcome of this study was the rate of survival after surgical treatment. Prognostic factors were determined using Cox regression analysis. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">There were 124 GISTs patients treated at the university hospital during the 10-year period of the study. The median age of all patients was 54 years (range 24-83 years). Of those, 119 (95.9%) were symptomatic. Rectosigmoid GISTs accounted for 20.2% of all tumors. The median tumor size was 8 cm. A total of 68 patients (54.8%) died. The </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">median survival time for all patients was 7.18 years (1st -3rd quartile range 6.48-7.89). There were three significant </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">factors associated with death including male gender, liver metastasis, and peritoneal metastasis. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Male gender, liver metastasis, and peritoneal metastasis were prognostic factors for large symptomatic GISTs. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_45073_bf8df23d7ae3528c9c9f907d13d574e5.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301A Comparison between the Diagnostic Accuracy of Frozen Section and Permanent Section Analyses in Central Nervous System6596664485010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.659ENRazieAmraeiDepartment of Pathology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAfshinMoradiDepartment of Pathology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1544-0992HaniehZhamDepartment of Pathology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMahsaAhadiDepartment of Pathology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0995-3102MaryamBaikpourDepartment of Pathology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAzadehRakhshanDepartment of Pathology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20161210 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Using diagnostic pathological methods during surgery is a valuable means of determining the appropriate management for patients. Application of Frozen Section in CNS surgeries might face challenges due to friability of brain tissue and its relative inaccessibility. Various studies have evaluated the diagnostic acuity of frozen section compared to gold standard but results have been quite inconsistent. We conducted the present study to evaluate the accuracy of cryostat in diagnosing central nervous system tumors compared to the Gold Standard method. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In this descriptive retrospective study, patients with definite diagnosis of central nervous system tumors made through histopathological evaluations were identified by reviewing the archives of pathology reports during 1996-2013. Demographic data, clinical history, radiologic findings and results of pathologic evaluations were extracted from the </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">medical records and entered into SPSS statistical software v.22 for analysis. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 405 patients diagnosed with CNS tumors were identified, of which 16 patients were not eligible and eventually 389 patients were included </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in the study. Regarding tumor category, subtype and grade, the results of the two methods were totally compatible in </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">303 patients (77.9%) and discrepant in 22.1% of cases. The tumors located in the middle fossa (p=0.031; OR=2.27; 95% CI: 1.08-4.79) and the posterior fossa (p=0.021; OR=2.46; 95% CI: 1.15-5.26) and the tumors biopsied using the stereotactic method (p=0.050; OR=2.42; 95% CI: 1.001-5.83) were associated with an increased chance of discrepant </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">results between the two methods. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Frozen section can correctly diagnose and affect the management of </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CNS lesions in 77.9% of cases. Finding ways to increase the sensitivity and specificity of this method and providing surgeons with more definite and exact intra-operative diagnosis can improve management of central nervous system </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">lesions to a considerable degree. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44850_a0b1cb354a60ccb4c9f5fe091ab87c03.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Study of α-SMA, Collagen, and PCNA in Epithelial Ovarian Neoplasm6676714485110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.667ENNungkiAnggorowatiDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Medical Faculty/Sardjito Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaChatarina RatnaKurniasariDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Medical Faculty/Sardjito Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaKarinaDamayantiDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Medical Faculty/Sardjito Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaTitikCahyantiDepartment of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Universitas Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaIrianiwatiWidodoDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Medical Faculty/Sardjito Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia0000-0002-0346-0550AhmadGhozaliDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Medical Faculty/Sardjito Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaMuhammad MansyurRomiDepartment of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Universitas Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaDwi CahyaniRatna SariDepartment of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Universitas Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaNurArfianDepartment of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Universitas Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaJournal Article20161220 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is an isoform of actin, positive in myofibroblasts and is an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker. EMT is a process by which tumor cells develop to be more hostile and able to metastasize. Progression of tumor cells is always followed by cell composition and extracellular matrix component alteration. Increased α-SMA expression and collagen alteration may predict the progressivity of ovarian neoplasms. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this research was to analyse the characteristic of α-SMA and collagen in tumor cells and stroma of ovarian neoplasms. In this study, PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) expression was also investigated. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Thirty samples were collected including serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell subtypes. The expression of α-SMA and PCNA were calculated in cells and stroma of ovarian tumors. Collagen was detected using Sirius Red staining and presented as area fraction. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The overexpressions of α-SMA in tumor cells were only detected in serous and clear cell ovarian carcinoma. The histoscore of α-SMA was higher in malignant than in benign or borderline ovarian epithelial neoplasms (105.3±129.9 vs. 17.3±17.1, P=0.011; mean±SD). Oppositely, stromal α-SMA and collagen area fractions were higher in benign than in malignant tumors (27.2±6.6 vs 20.5±8.4, P=0.028; 31.0±5.6 vs. 23.7±6.4, P=0.04). The percentages of epithelial and stromal PCNA expressions were not significantly different between benign and malignant tumors. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Tumor cells of serous and clear cell ovarian carcinoma exhibit mesenchymal characteristic as shown by α-SMA positive expression. This expression might indicate that these subtypes were more aggressive. This research showed that collagen and α-SMA area fractions in stroma were higher in benign than in malignant neoplasms. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44851_43e1ba7147cdc53a8bb61c19b5f518b3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Risk Estimation for Lung Cancer in Libya: Analysis Based on Standardized Morbidity Ratio, Poisson-Gamma Model, BYM Model and Mixture Model6736794487810.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.673ENMaryamAlhdiriDepartment of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Alfernag Tripoli, LibyaNor AzahSamatDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, MalaysiaZulkifleyMohamedDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, MalaysiaJournal Article20161217 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Cancer is the most rapidly spreading disease in the world, especially in developing countries, including Libya. Cancer </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">represents a significant burden on patients, families, and their societies. This disease can be controlled if detected early. Therefore, disease mapping has recently become an important method in the fields of public health research and disease </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">epidemiology. The correct choice of statistical model is a very important step to producing a good map of a disease. Libya was selected to perform this work and to examine its geographical variation in the incidence of lung cancer. The objective of this paper is to estimate the relative risk for lung cancer. Four statistical models to estimate the relative risk for lung cancer and population censuses of the study area for the time period 2006 to 2011 were used in this work. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">They are initially known as Standardized Morbidity Ratio, which is the most popular statistic, which used in the field </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">of disease mapping, Poisson-gamma model, which is one of the earliest applications of Bayesian methodology, Besag, York and Mollie (BYM) model and Mixture model. As an initial step, this study begins by providing a review of all </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">proposed models, which we then apply to lung cancer data in Libya. Maps, tables and graph, goodness-of-fit (GOF) </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">were used to compare and present the preliminary results. This GOF is common in statistical modelling to compare </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">fitted models. The main general results presented in this study show that the Poisson-gamma model, BYM model, and Mixture model can overcome the problem of the first model (SMR) when there is no observed lung cancer case in </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">certain districts. Results show that the Mixture model is most robust and provides better relative risk estimates across a range of models. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44878_36b8189d512be3978641f2665018043b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Follicular lymphoma: an Institutional Analysis6816854457910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.681ENAjayGogiaDepartment of Medical Oncology, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India 110029VinodRainaDepartment of Medical Oncology FMRI, Gurgoan, IndiaLalitKumarDepartment of Medical Oncology AIIMS, New Delhi,IndiaAtulSharmaDepartment of Medical Oncology, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India 110029Mehar ChandSharmaDepartment Of Pathology All India Institute Of Medical Sciences New Delhi, IndiaSaumyaMallickDepartment Of Pathology All India Institute Of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India0000000343665873Journal Article20161223 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Follicular lymphoma (FL) is second most common lymphoma in adult, constituted 20% of all lymphoma cases in the west. There is limited information is available on FL from India. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The clinico-pathological profile, treatment outcome and prognostic factors for survival were assessed retrospectively in 181 patients of FL seen at our center over a period of 17 years ( 1996-2012). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">There were 120 males and 61 females. The median age was 51 years (24-80 years). The common presenting features were lymphadenopathy 71%, fatigue 23% and fever 20%. Ann Arbor stage distribution was: stage I - 9%, stage II - 11%, stage III -22 % and stage IV - 58%. Extra nodal involvement and bulky disease were present in 22% and 19% patients respectively. Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) 1 score : Low -25%, Intermediate-45% and high risk in 30% of cases. One forty five patients (80%) received treatment at presentation or during follow-up. Chemotherapeutic regimen used were: CHOP-45 , CVP-51, chlorambucil and prednisolone -7 , BR ( bendamustine and rituximab)-12, RCHOP- 14 RCVP – 7 and other regimen were used in 5 cases. The overall response (ORR) and complete remission (CR) rates were 70% and 35% respectively. Median overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) was 5.5 years and 2.5 years respectively, with median follow up period of 3.0 years. Grade 3 histology, failure to attain CR, low serum albumin, and high risk FLIPI were significantly associated with lower event free survival. High risk FLIPI (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.03-2.10, p=0.003) and failure to attain CR (HR 2.64, CI 1.10-4.30, p=0.001) were predictors of poor OS. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">FL represents 9 % of </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">all lymphoma in adult. This is the largest data from single institute from India. Eighty percentage of patients presented in stage III/IV disease. High risk FLIPI and failure to attain CR were important prognostic variables for OS. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44579_a148b207960daabb0b244878ecd0aee9.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Diagnostic Value of the CareTM HPV Test in Screening for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2 or Worse6876934498110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.687ENMojganKarimi-zarchiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Science, YazdEffatHeydariDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Science, YazdAfsarolsadatTabatabaieDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Science, YazdMansourMoghimiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadooghi University of Medical Science, YazdWesamKootiStudent Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranJournal Article20161228 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Persistent infection with a high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the main etiological factor, so that early early detection of HR-HPV is </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">very important. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Care</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">TM </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HPV, a new method, as compared with Pap smear, PCR, and biopsy for screening purposes. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Material and Method: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In this cross-sectional study, 200 sexually active women aging from 25-50 years referred to the oncology clinic of Shahid Sodoughi Yazd Hospital in 2015 with a variety of cervix epithelial lesions or a need for colposcopy were enrolled. Results for Care</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">TM </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HPV test (cervical), Pap smear, PCR, and biopsy were analyzed using SPSS 15 software and chi-square test, McNemar, and ROC curve analysis. Qualitative variables were compared using a Chi-square test. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Care</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">TM </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HPV test sensitivity in detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II (CIN-II) and also positive and negative predictive values were higher as compared </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">to with other tests (p<0.05). The Pap smear test specificity was highest. There was no significant differences between </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Care</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">TM </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HPV and PCR tests regarding detection of HPV-DNA in cases of CIN-II and worse (p>0.05). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The Care</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">TM </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HPV test has high sensitivity and predictive values for detecting HPV infection, with higher efficacy than the </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Pap smear test for tracking CIN-II. Therefore it may be recommended for use as a screening test in low-income areas. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44981_bc22683db8c17cb9b138ec35a39ecf93.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Low Re-infection Rate of Helicobacter pylori after Successful Eradication in Thailand: A 2 Years Study6956974488910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.695ENRatha-kornVilaichoneGastroenterology Unit, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, ThailandNational Gastric Cancer and Gastrointestinal diseases Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand0000-0003-4298-9331ArtiWongcha-umThe University of Southampton, United KingdomPeranartChotivitayatarakornGastroenterology Unit, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, ThailandJournal Article20161230 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">is an important cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Re-infection rates after successful eradication vary in different regions of the world but only limited studies have been performed in ASEAN Countries to clarify this important issue. The present study was designed to evaluate the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">re-infection rate and predictors of re-infection in Thailand. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We recruited patients with chronic gastritis after 1 and 2 years successful </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">eradication from Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani (Central urban area) and Maesod district, Tak (Northern rural area), Thailand. 13C-UBT was performed to evaluate re-infection status after cessation of PPI, H2 blocker and antibiotics for at least 4 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows Version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 105 subjects were enrolled (40 M and 65F with a mean age of 53.1 years). The overall re-infection rate was 6/105 (5.7%). The 1-year and 2-year </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">re-infection rates after successful eradication were only 5.1% (2/39) and 6.1% (4/66). 1-year and 2-year reinfection rates in urban areas were 2/39 (5.1%) and 1/26 (3.8%), while the 2-year reinfection rate in rural areas was 3/40 (7.5%). Location (urban vs rural area) and sex did not show any association with either 1-year or 2-year </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">re-infection. With 2-year reinfection, the mean age of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">re-infected patients was significantly higher than those who remained cured (63.0 years vs. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">51.6 years, p-value = 0.01). The annual </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">infection rate was 2.9%. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">1-year and 2-year </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">re-infection rates after successful eradication in Thailand appear low in both rural and urban areas. </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">eradication </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">for prevention of significant upper GI disease should be recommended and confirmation of successful eradication should </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">be the aim. Patients at higher risk such as the elderly should be monitored for possible risk of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">re-infection. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44889_3ccfd3b00822bd8503d36d9ab2435edd.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Methylation Status of P16Ink4a in Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancer of Oral Cavity and Oropharynx in Northeastern Thailand6997054485210.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.699ENPiyawutSwangphonDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandHPV
and EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen, ThailandChamsaiPientongDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandHPV
and EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen, ThailandAtiBurassakarnDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandHPV
and EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen, ThailandPatravootVatanasaptDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandHPV
and EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen, Thailand0000-0001-6037-8994PilaiwanKleebkaowDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen, University, ThailandHPV
and EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen, ThailandNatchaPatarapadungkitDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kae, ThailandHPV
and EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen, Thailand3730500123533TanabatTreebupachatsakulDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Khon Kaen Central Hospital, Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, ThailandHPV
and EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen, ThailandSupanneePromthetDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen UniversityHPV
and EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen, Thailand0000-0001-5787-1948BunkerdKongyingyoesDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandTipayaEkalaksanananDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandHPV
and EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University,Khon Kaen, ThailandJournal Article20170104 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Over-expression of p16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">protein is a biomarker for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical cancer. However, absence of p16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">protein expression in HPV-associated cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx has been reported. Among a number of possible reasons for this is methylation, which is frequently noted in the promoter region of p16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and is associated with silencing of the gene and disease severity. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We investigated the relationships between p16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">protein expression, HPV infection and methylation status of the p16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">promoter in </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Fifty-three formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cancer tissue samples </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">from the oral cavity (49 cases) and oropharynx (4 cases) were studied. P16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">protein expression was determined using immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Additional oral tissues lacking squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), and cervical tissues with high-level SILs, were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. High-risk HPV infection was </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">detected using HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization. Methylation status of the p16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">promoter was investigated </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">using sodium bisulfite treatment and methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR).</span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HPV infection was found in 40.8% </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(20/49) and 50.0% (2/4) of oral cavity and oropharynx cancers, respectively. Promoter methylation of p16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">occurred </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in 73.6 % of all cases and differed significantly in frequency between HPV-positive (90.9%, 20/22) and HPV-negative (61.3%, 19/31) samples. Expression of p16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">was found in 35.8% (19/53) and commonly detected in samples with </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">unmethylation (79.5%). Interestingly, the silencing of p16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(64.2%, 34/53) was significantly associated with methylation status (91.2%, 31/34), especially in HPV-infected samples in which the p16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">promoter was methylated </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(52.9%, 18/34). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This result demonstrated high frequency of p16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">promoter methylation status in </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HPV-associated HNSCC subsets that could influence the silent p16</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">INK4a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">expression and might promote disease severity. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44852_00a5b2c1d4f3b255a47d0aa686ce1b4d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301in Vitro and in Vivo Inhibitory Effects of α-Mangostin on Cholangiocarcinoma Cells and Allografts7077134450210.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.707ENRatchadawanrAukkanimartDepartment of Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Sakonnakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47160 ThailandNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandThidarutBoonmarsNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 ThailandLiver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandPraneeSrirajDepartment of Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Sakonnakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47160 ThailandNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandPanupanSripanNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 ThailandLiver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandJirapornSongsriNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 ThailandLiver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandPanaratanaRatanasuwanDepartment of Anesthesiology, , Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 ThailandPorntipLaummaunwaiNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 ThailandParichartBoueroyNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 ThailandSukhonthipKhueangchaingkhwangNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 ThailandBenjamabhornPumhirunrojNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 ThailandAtcharaArtchayasawatNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 ThailandSirintipBoonjaraspinyoDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 ThailandZhiliangWuDepartment of Parasitology Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University, Gifu, JapanChariyaHahnvajanawongLiver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 ThailandKulthidaVaeteewoottacharnLiver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Biochemistry,Faculty of Medicine, KhonKaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 ThailandSopitWongkamDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 ThailandDepartment of Biochemistry,Faculty of Medicine, KhonKaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand0000-0001-9578-3041Journal Article20170113 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">We investigated the anti-cholangiocarcinoma effect of α-mangostin from </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Garcinia mangostana </span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">pericarp extract (GM) in a human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell line and a hamster CCA allograft model. In vitro, human CCA cells were treated with GM at various concentrations and for different time periods; then cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry, and metastatic potential with wound healing assays. In vivo, hamster allografts were treated with GM, gemcitabine (positive control) and a placebo (negative control) for 1 month; tumor weight and volume were then determined. Histopathological features and immunostaining (CK19 and PCNA) characteristics were examined by microscopy. The present study found that α-mangostin could: inhibit CCA cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway; induce G1 cell-cycle arrest; and inhibit metastasis. Moreover, α-mangostin could inhibit CCA growth, i.e. reduce tumor mass (weight and size) and alter CCA pathology, as evidenced by reduced positive staining for CK19 and PCNA. The present study thus suggested that α-mangostin is a promising anti-CCA compound whose ready availability in tropical countries might indicate use for prevention and treatment of CCA. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44502_9dbf924fba893d1f4819dae2b874fb32.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301A Study of Alcohol Consumption and Obesity as Main Risk Factor for Symptomatic Gallbladder Stone: a Case-Control Study7157194458310.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.715ENByung HyoChaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Truck Road, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab EmiratesBan SeokLeeDivision of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Gimhae Jungang hospital, Kyung-nam, South KoreaSang HyubLeeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South KoreaSeung JooKangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Truck Road, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab EmiratesMin JungParkDepartment of Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Truck Road, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab EmiratesJournal Article20170115 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Gallbladder stone (GBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease that can progress to severe cholecystitis </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">and is a strong risk factor for gallbladder cancer (GBC). The present study was conducted to evaluate region-specific </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">causes of GBS which was proved as major risk factor for GBC in Jeju Island, Korea. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Age and sex match case-control study was performed among 171 pairs of case and controls. The cases were patients who were diagnosed </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">with GBS, had definite clinical symptoms, and underwent a cholecystectomy in Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Korea during 2010-2014. The control group included 1:1 age and sex-matched participants without GBS at the Health Promotion Center in the same institute during the same period. We compared the histories of previous chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, vascular occlusive diseases, or parity), alcohol consumption (standard drinks/week [SDW]), smoking habits, body mass index (BMI), and presence of concomitant polypoid lesions of the gallbladder. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A dose-dependent positive relationship existed between BMI and the risk of GBS: BMI 23–27.4 kg/m</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, OR=2.5, , p=0.24; 27.5–29.9 kg/m</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">, OR=8.9, p=0.002; ≥30 kg/m</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, OR=7.2, p=0.004. A negative correlation existed between alcohol consumption and the risk of GBS: Standard drinks per week (SDW), OR=0.24, p=0.002; </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">15・29.9 SDW, OR=0.26, p=0.022; ≥30 SDW, OR=0.2, 95% p=0.005. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The present results suggest that a higher BMI and less alcohol consumption are associated with a risk of symptomatic GBS. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44583_f9ebdab2eb05b3a4e0832d8b8c61d12e.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Oral Complications of The Oromaxillofacial Area Radiotherapy7217254465010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.721ENHakimehAhadianDepartment of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran.SoghraYassaeiDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran.FathollahBouzarjomehriDepartment of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran.MehrdadGhaffari TarghiUndergraduate Student, Students Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran.KhaterehKheirollahiDepartment of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran.0000-0003-4177-0426Journal Article20170121 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The incidence of malignancies is on the rise in different communities, making them the second most important cause of mortality in developed countries. One of the treatment modalities for these malignancies, apart from surgery and chemotherapy, is radiotherapy which might in itself lead to some complications in the area receiving radiation. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of oral complications in patients undergoing radiotherapy of the oromaxillofacial area in Shahid Ramazanzadeh Radiotherapy Center in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The present descriptive/analytical study was carried out from 2014 to 2015 on 144 patients with head and neck malignancies, referring to Shahid Ramazanzadeh Radiotherapy Center, Yazd, Iran. The patients underwent intraoral examinations before radiotherapy, during the second week after radiotherapy and at the end of radiotherapy. The patients’ background data and the presence of oral complications were recorded in special forms. Data were analyzed with SPSS 17, using chi-squared test. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Of 144 patients evaluated, 51 were male </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and 93 were female. During the final examination, all the subjects (100%) had mucositis, xerostomia and candidiasis, with 85.4% of the subjects (123 patients) suffering from gustatory disturbances. Although only 38.1% of the subjects had oral ulcers at the end of the second week, all of them (100%) exhibited such lesions in the final examination. The prevalence rate of tooth hypersensitivity at this stage was 22.9%. During the second examination, 117 subjects (83.3%) exhibited grade I trismus, 42 of which exhibited deterioration toward grade II during the final examination. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results of the present study showed a high rate of oral complications in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy. Mucositis, xerostomia and candidiasis were the most prevalent complications. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44650_b179fbc56152cfc53927275d330f0a29.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301A Comprehensive Model for Predicting Recurrence and Survival in Cases of Chinese Postoperative Invasive Breast Cancer7277334485410.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.727ENXian-HeXieDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Internal
Medicine Oncology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, ChinaYan-FenHuDepartment of Internal
Medicine Oncology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, ChinaChaoJingDepartment of Internal
Medicine Oncology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, ChinaShui-MeiLuoDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaYun-FuLvSurgery Department, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, ChinaHai-TaoYangDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaLi-NaLiDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaHui-JuanChenDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaWan-ZunLinDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaWei-LiZhengDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, ChinaJournal Article20170122 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">We investigated relationships between clinical pathologic data, molecular biomarkers and prognosis of invasive breast cancer based on a Chinese population. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess the status of ER, PR, HER-2 and </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Ki-67, with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) performed to further confirm HER-2 positivity with an equivocal </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">result (IHC 2+). Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses of ER, PR, HER-2, Ki-67, clinical features, therapeutic status and follow-up data were performed according to the establishment principle of the Nottingham prognostic index (NPI). From this study, age, tumor size, lymph node status, ER, HER-2, Ki-67 status were found to be associated with prognosis. Eventually, a prognostic model of (PI= (1.5×age) - size + (0.1×lymph </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">node status) - (0.5×ER) + (2×HER-2) - (0.2×Ki-67)) was established with 288 randomly selected patients and verified with another 100 cases with invasive breast cancer. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">correlation index of 0.376 (P=0.012<0.05) between the prognostic index (PI) and actual prognosis. Remarkably, the consistency with the model predicted recurrence was 93% in the validation set. Therefore, it appears feasible to predict the prognosis of individuals with invasive breast cancer and to determine optimal therapeutic strategy with this model. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44854_69fde74cbb3d0c53b60da053214c8c18.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Fentanyl Inhibits Tumorigenesis from Human Breast Stem Cells by Inducing Apoptosis7357394453310.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.735ENNadirKocakSelcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Konya, TurkeyFilizOzenGoztepe Education and Research Hospital,Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, TurkeyIbrahim HalilYildirimDicle University Faculty of Veterinary Department of Genetics, Diyarbakır, TurkeyYagmurDuranSelcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Konya, TurkeyJournal Article20170126 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic that it is widely used in cancer patients. Since there have been reports of effects </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of analgesic medications on the recurrence and development of resistance to treatment, influences of of fentanyl on MCF-7 and HEK293 cells were evaluated. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real-time PCR assay for the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Oct4</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">, </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Sox2 </span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">and </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Nanog </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">genes as stem cell markers and Bax, Bcl2, and p53 genes as apoptosis markers. MTT assay results showed that fentanyl significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner while significantly increasing apoptosis. In contrast, decrease was noted in HEK-293 cells. In MCF-7 derived cancer stem </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">cells, fentanyl treatment decreased the expression of </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Bax</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">, </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Bcl2</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">, </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Oct4</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">, </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Sox2</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">, </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Nanog </span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">genes when compared to untreated </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">cells. In HEK-293 stem cells, decrease was noted for </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Sox2</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">, </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Nanog </span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">and </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Bax</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">, but increase for </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Oct4</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">. Our study supports an antitumor role of fentanyl by inducing apoptosis and reducing numbers of cancer stem cells in the MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma line. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44533_25af5a725be90de4b2eabe5abdc59731.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Dosimetric Comparison of Three Different Radiotherapy Techniques in Antrum-Located Stomach Cancer7417464465210.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.741ENAlparslanSerarslanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University,Samsun, TurkeyNilgunOzbek OkumusDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University,Samsun, TurkeyBilgeGurselDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University,Samsun, TurkeyDenizMeydanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University,Samsun, TurkeyYalcinDastanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University,Samsun, TurkeyTalatAksuDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University,Samsun, TurkeyJournal Article20170201 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The current optimal radiotherapy (RT) planning technique for stomach cancer is controversial. The </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">design of RT for stomach cancer is difficult and differs according to tumor localization. Dosimetric and clinical studies have been performed in patients with different tumor localizations. This may be the main source of inconsistencies in study results. For this reason, we attempted to find the optimal RT technique for patients with stomach cancer in similar </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">locations. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This study was based on the computed tomography datasets of 20 patients with antrum-located stomach cancer. For each patient, treatments were designed using physical wedge-based conformal RT (WB-CRT), </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">field-in-field intensity-modulated RT (FIF-IMRT), and dynamic intensity-modulated RT (IMRT). The techniques were </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">compared in terms of expected target volume coverage and the dose to organs at risk (OAR) using a dose-volume histogram analysis. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">FIF-IMRT was the most homogenous technique, with a better homogeneity index than WBCRT (p<0.001) or IMRT (p<0.001). However, IMRT had a better conformity index than WBCRT (p<0.001) or FIF-IMRT (p<0.001). Additionally, all OAR, including the kidneys, liver, and spinal cord, were better protected with IMRT than with WBCRT (p=0.023 to <0.001) or FIF-IMRT (p=0.028 to <0.001). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In comparison to FIF-IMRT and WBCRT, IMRT appears to be the most appropriate technique for antrum-located stomach cancer. To establish whether IMRT is superior overall will require clinical studies, taking into account differences in both tumor </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">localization (cardia, body, and antrum) and organ movement in patients with stomach cancer. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44652_3ae21eeaefc07a7420517966dfd62c68.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Association of CYP3A5*3 and CYP1A1*2C Polymorphism with Development of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Egyptian Patients7477524458510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.747ENNahedAbd El WahabClinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, EgyptNevineShafikClinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt0000-0002-2112-3865RoxanShafikClinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt0000-0002-7403-839xSherinTahaClinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, EgyptHananShafikMedical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University,
EgyptAmiraDarwishMedical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University,
EgyptJournal Article20170202 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Aim: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme catalyzes the phase I metabolism reaction which metabolize endogenous and exogenous DNA-reactive chemical compounds and xenobiotics which could induce genotoxicity and increase the risk for leukemia. We aimed to detect frequency of CYP3A5*3 and CYP1A1*2C polymorphisms in Egyptian acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and to determine role of allele’s variants as a risk factor for developing leukemia. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Patients and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A case-control study was conducted on seventy acute myeloid leukemia patients and thirty control subjects. Samples were analyzed for prevalence of CYP3A5*3 and CYP1A1*2C polymorphisms using PCR - restriction fragment length polymorphism method. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CYP3A5*3 polymorphism (3/3) and (1/3) genotype </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">were significantly elevated in AML group compared to control group (p=0.002). However, no statistical significant </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">differences were found between patients and control group as regard CYP1A1*2C polymorphism. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our results suggest that Egyptians carrying CYP3A5*3 polymorphism might have an increased risk of AML emphasizing </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the significance of effective phase I detoxification in carcinogenesis. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44585_2b64770393e76c954e3e3849a83d0ced.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Analysis of Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity Risk Factors in Iranian Patients with Solid Tumors: a Cohort, Prospective and Single Institute Study7537584474310.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.753ENZahraEsfahani-MonfaredChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAdnanKhosraviTobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAliSafavi NainiTracheal Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5686-1094GolnarRadmandTobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranKianKhodadadInternal medicine, Dalhousie University, Cape Breton Cancer Centre, Sydney, Nova Scotia, CanadaJournal Article20170204 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Cisplatin has been associated with irreversible hearing damage. Up to now, there is no therapeutic </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">intervention showing benefit in preventing Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">risk factors contributing to hearing impairment after cisplatin administration in Iranian patients. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Hearing thresholds of 124 patients before and after cisplatin administration were assessed with reference to pure-tone audiometry averages at several frequencies from 2006 to 2010. Mean values were calculated at each tested frequency in each ear at baseline and subsequent follow-up audiometry. Hearing impairment was assessed with the Münster score. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The mean age at diagnosis and the median cumulative Cisplatin dose were 47.3 years and 453.8 milligrams, respectively. Bilateral hearing loss, mostly of grade 1, and tinnitus were detected in 26% and 3.2% of patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that a high cumulative dose of cisplatin was the most important risk factor for developing hearing </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">damage (P=0.034). The most significant changes in the status of the auditory system and the most severe threshold </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">shift from base line (35 dB) were observed at a frequency of 8 kHz. Also, patients who received higher individual </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">doses of Cisplatin showed significantly more tinnitus (P=0.002). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results are testament to benefits of </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">routine audiometric monitoring program during cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Further research should be performed to understand other risk factors, such as genetic predictors of Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44743_7654024dc877a00ab61d254a9a5eccc2.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Comparison between MR Perfusion and 18F-FDG PET in Differentiating Tumor Recurrence from Nonneoplastic Contrast-enhancing Tissue7597634458610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.759ENYogeshKumarYale New Haven Health at Bridgeport Hospital, Department of Radiology, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT, USANishantGuptaSt. Vincent's Medical Center ,
Department of Radiology, 2800 Main Street, Bridgeport, CT, USAManishaManglaSUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse NY, USAKusumHoodaYale New Haven Health at Bridgeport Hospital, Department of Radiology, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT, USARajivManglaSUNY Upstate
Medical University, Department of Radiology, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USAJournal Article20170208 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Comparison of the accuracy of MR perfusion and 18-FDG-PET for differentiating tumor progression from nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods and Materials: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Retrospective review of MR perfusion and 18-FDG-PET in 23 cases of primary brain tumors (17 high grade and 6 low grade glial neoplasms) and 5 cases of metastatic lesions with enhancing lesions on post-treatment MRI was performed. The accuracy of MR perfusion versus 18-FDG-PET for distinguishing between nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue and tumor recurrence was assessed. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Both CBV (p<0.004) and SUV (p<0.02) are higher in recurrent tumors than necrosis. MR perfusion has an accuracy of 94.5% for differentiating between tumor recurrence and necrosis, while 18-FDG-PET has an accuracy of 85.1% for differentiating between tumor recurrence and nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Overall, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">recurrent tumor demonstrates significantly higher CBV and SUV than nonneoplastic contrast-enhancing tissue. However, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">MR perfusion appears to be more accurate than FDG PET for distinguishing the two entities. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44586_35f3db6801608d47a3fba1e0b91e4eea.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Tim-3 Up-regulation in Patients with Gastric Cancer and Peptic Ulcer Disease7657704489010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.765ENMahdiehNaghavi-AlhosseiniDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranMolecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranMohsenTehraniDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranMolecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranAbolghasemAjamiDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranMolecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranAlirezaRafieiDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranMolecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran0000000217666605TarangTaghvaeiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Gut and Liver Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranLalehVahedi-LarijaniDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranHadiHossein-NatajDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranHosseinAsgarian-OmranDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranImmunogenetic Research
Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranJournal Article20170208 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein-3 (Tim-3), an inhibitory immunoregulatory receptor, has been recently implicated in tumor biology and tumor-associated immune suppression. In the present study, expression of Tim-3 was evaluated in gastric cancer (GC) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) at both mRNA and protein levels. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 133 gastric tissue biopsies, comprising 43 from GC cases, 48 from PUD and 42 from non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) serving as controls were collected. Additionally, non-neoplastic adjacent tissue biopsies were also obtained from 6 patients with GC. Infection with </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Helicobacter pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">was determined by the rapid urease test for all participants and H&E staining was conducted for GC and PUD patients. Tim-3 relative mRNA expression was </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">determined by SYBR Green based Real-Time PCR using β-actin as a reference gene. Tim-3 protein expression was </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">also studied by immunohistochemistry in 7 GC, 7 PUD and 10 NUD tissue samples. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Tim-3 was expressed at higher levels in GC (p=0.030) and PUD (p=0.022) cases compared to he NUD group. Among paired samples obtained from gastric cancer patients, tumor tissues showed elevated Tim-3 expression (p=0.019) in comparison with adjacent </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">non-neoplastic biopsies. Tim-3 mRNA findings were supported by detection of more Tim-3 protein in cancerous </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(p=0.002) and ulcerative (p=0.01) tissues than in controls. Tim-3 was similarly expressed in </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">positive and negative cases.</span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Higher Tim-3 expression in patients with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer implies that it might be involved in immune regulation and establishment of these gastrointestinal diseases. Targeted immunotherapy by blocking of inhibitory receptors like Tim-3 could be a promising approach for gastric cancer treatment. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44890_e65e65c356e63b2425fd681b04540221.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Euphorbia Triaculeata Forssk. Extract7717774489110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.771ENZarraqAl-FaifiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaYahyaMasrahiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaMagdy SayedAlyZoology Department, faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt0000-0002-7086-925XTurkiAl-TurkiNatural Resources and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi ArabiaTarekDardeerDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20170209 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">To evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Euphorbia triaculeata </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Forssk. plant extract from </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Jazan region, Saudi Arabia, in an in vitro cancer model, which could be beneficial in anticancer therapy against human </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), prostate cell line (PC-3), human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) and normal </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A). The human foreskin fibroblast cell line, (Hs68), was also included in the cell </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">panel. Doxorubicin and 5-Flurouracil, broad-spectrum anticancer drugs, were used as the positive control. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Cytotoxicity of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Euphorbia triaculeata </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">plant extract was investigated by employing MTT assay and the genotoxicity was assessed by using comet assay. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Both toxicity tests exhibited significant toxicity results. In the comet assay, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Euphorbia triaculeata </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">extract exhibited genotoxic effects against MCF-7 DNA and PC 3 but not on HEPG2 cell lines in a time-dependent manner by increasing the mean percentage of DNA damage. </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Euphorbia triaculeata </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">extract </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">showed significant toxicity against cancer cells. Comparison with positive control signifies that cytotoxicity exhibited </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">by methanol extract might have moderate activity. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The present work confirmed the cytotoxicity and </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">genotoxicity of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Euphorbia triaculeata </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">plant. However, the observed toxicity of this plant extract needs to be confirmed </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">by additional studies. Based on our results, further examination of the potential anticancer properties of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Euphorbia triaculeata </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">plant species and the identification of the active ingredients of these extracts is warranted. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44891_c4e6afe9b1d521a8c16e838315bbcea1.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Application of Pineapple Juice in the Fish Digestion Process for Carcinogenic Liver Fluke Metacercaria Collection7797824498310.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.779ENPanupanSripanDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandLiver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandRatchadawanAukkanimartDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandLiver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47160, ThailandThidarutBoonmarsDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandLiver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandPraneeSrirajDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandLiver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47160, ThailandJirapornSongsriDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandLiver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandParichartBoueroyDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandSukhonthipKhueangchaingkhwangDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandBenjamabhornPumhirunrojDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandAtcharaArtchayasawatDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandNeglected, Zoonosis and Vector-Borne Disease Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandJournal Article20170212 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Pepsin is common digestive enzyme used for fish digestion in the laboratory to collect trematode metacercariae. In a field study, to survey the infected fish is needed a huge yield of pepsin and it is very expensive. Therefore, our purpose of this study was to investigate the candidate enzyme from pineapple juice which has a digestive enzyme called bromelain, a mixture of proteolytic enzymes, to digest fish in order to harvest metacercariae. Fish were divided into 2 groups: one group in which metacercariae were harvested using acid pepsin as a control and other groups in which the fish was digested using fresh pineapple juices. The results showed that pineapple juice is able to digest fish similarly to pepsin. The Pattavia pineapple juice had the highest number of metacercariae similar to the control. For Trat Si Thong pineapple juice,we found the number of metacercariae was less than control. This result suggests that the Pattavia pineapple juice was optimal juice for fish digestion to metacercaria collection and can be used instread of pepsin acid. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44983_7b63995db9c2f72f3b1e97019a48dcca.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Codon Usage Optimization and Construction of Plasmid Encoding Iranian Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Oncogene for Lactococcus Lactis Subsp. Cremoris MG13637837884473110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.783ENAmir HosseinMohseniDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR IranVadoodRazavilarDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR IranHosseinKeyvaniDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranMohammad RezaRazaviDepartment of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran.Ramazan AliKhavari-NejadDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR IranJournal Article20170214 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">HPV 16 intratypic sequence variations has been recognized in association with oncogenic potential diverge and </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">geographic distribution. This study aimed to investigate nucleotide modifications and optimization of HPV 16 E7 </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">regions from Iranian infected women. Cervical biopsies from 79/163 HPV 16 positive cancer patients detected in our study were analyzed by PCR in a couple of cloning of a complete ORF of the E7 gene, and sequencing. The most frequently observed variant was C196T in E7 which led to an amino acid change of R66W. In addition, only </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">one common variant T234G was identified from all specimens, but it did not lead to any amino acid change. We also </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">detected nucleotide variations A86G, and C188T in samples. Among 99 codons in E7 gene, 56 codons were improved for </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Lactococcus lactis subsp</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">. </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">cremoris </span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">MG1363 resulting in a reduced G+C content from 43.1% to 34.0%. Also, the AT%, ENC, and CAI values were 66, 20±1.1, and 1.000 instead of 56.90, 60 ±1.1, and 0.406 respectively. Finally we constructed expression vector pNZ8148 encoding optimized E7 oncoprotein of HPV 16. This study declared for the </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">first time, the genetic variations of HPV 16 E7 in IRAN. We conclude that plasmid pNZ8148-HPV 16-opti E7 can be </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">potential vaccine candidates in the future. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44731_a3fe31d66f5a73b18d6ca6b64c1c90ed.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301HSP27 and HSP70 Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma7897944504910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.789ENCaio Cesar FlorianoLuzDepartments of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, BrazilJulianaNogutiLos Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, United States of AmericaLeandro BorgesDe AraújoDepartments of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, BrazilGianni Mara SilvaDos SantosStatistics, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, BrazilThiagoSimao GomesDepartments of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, BrazilRicardoArtigiani NetoDepartments of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, BrazilJournal Article20170220 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Twenty-eight specimens of Esophael squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were obtained by surgery procedures.The </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">tissues were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. In each case, all available hematoxylin and eosin stained </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">sections were examined and a representative block was selected. The ages of these patients ranged from 40 to 93 years, with a mean age of 60 years. Results. The histological grade of tumors was 4 well-differentiated, 19 moderately differentiated and 5 poorly differentiated. Expression of Hsp27 and Hsp70 in ESCC was demonstrated in 23 (82,14%) and 26 (92,86%) cases, respectively. Adjacent normal mucosa was positive in 11 (39,29%) samples and 9 (32,15%) samples for Hsp27 and Hsp70, respectively. No relationship between the expression of Hsp27 and Hsp70 with the clinicopathological parameters, including gender, age, surgical margin, lymph node status and tumor differentiation. The median follow-up period was 60 months. Survival analysis of patients with ESCC showed no relationship with the expression of Hsp27 and Hsp70. Conclusion. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Hsp27 and Hsp70 are expressed in ESCC tissues, but they are not good prognostic factor for patients with ESCC. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_45049_84b0863ea608b1a3e1ff16fb86da866a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Comparing Apoptosis and Necrosis Effects of Arctium Lappa Root Extract and Doxorubicin on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Cell Lines7958024498210.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.795ENFereshtehGhafariAnatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran.Mohammad RezaRajabiFaculty of Medicine, Shahed University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran.TahereMazoochiAnatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran.MohsenTaghizadehResearch center for biochemistry and nutrition in metabolic disorders, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran.HosseinNikzadGametogenesis Research Center. Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran.Mohammad AliAtlasiAnatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran.AliakbarTaherianGametogenesis Research Center. Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran.Journal Article20170218 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and very common malignancy in women worldwide. The efficacy </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of chemotherapy as an important part of breast cancer treatment is limited due to its side effects. While pharmaceutical companies are looking for better chemicals, research on traditional medicines that generally have fewer side effects is quite interesting. In this study, apoptosis and necrosis effect of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Arctium lappa </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and doxorubicin was compared in MCF7, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 containing 10% FBS and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin. MTT assay and an annexin V/propidium iodide (AV/PI) kit were used respectively to compare the survival rate and apoptotic effects of different concentrations of doxorubicin and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Arctium lappa </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">root extract on MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Arctium lappa </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">root extract was able to reduce cell viability of the two cell lines in a dose and time dependent manner similar to doxorubicin. Flow cytometry results showed that similar to doxorubicin, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Arctium Lappa </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">root extract had a dose and time dependent apoptosis effect on both cell lines. 10μg/mL of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Arctium lappa </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">root extract and 5 μM of doxorubicin showed the highest anti-proliferative and apoptosis effect in MCF7 and MDA231 cells. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The MCF7 (ER/PR-) and MDA-MB-231 (ER/PR+) cell lines represent two major breast cancer subtypes. The similar anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Arctium lappa </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">root extract and doxorubicin (which is a conventional chemotherapy drug) on two different breast cancer cell lines strongly suggests its anticancer effects and further studies. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44982_96cd129c2d4997f64e796aba10ea7c52.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Eradicating Breast Cancer: Longevity Impact on Kuwaiti Women8038094509110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.803ENMuhammadAl-RamadhanKuwait Institute for Scientific Research Techno-Economics Division, Kuwait.Journal Article20161020 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">To explore salient trends in incidence and mortality from breast cancer among Kuwaiti females and to quantify the number of years that could be saved if breast cancer deaths were eliminated. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Appling life table technique, the paper constructs a bridged, multiple decrement and cancer-elimination life tables for Kuwaiti females. Data sources include Kuwait Cancer Control Center Registry along with vital statistics on mortality by age groups, nationality, and causes of death according to ICD-10 revision. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Result: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The study finds that, without interventions, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">nearly 2.5% of Kuwaiti female live births are expected to die from breast cancer. By contrast, if this disease were to be completely eradicated, Kuwaiti females are expected to gain half a year of life expectancy at birth. Likewise, a 10% reduction in deaths attributed to breast cancer would produce a gain of 11 days of life at age 30. The gain would augment to 51 days when death is reduced by 50%. Kuwaiti females aged 50 would add almost 5 months when breast cancer is eradicated, while a 20 percent reduction in breast cancer mortality would raise their life expectancy by 26 days. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results strongly support policy interventions of Kuwait’s government by instituting a well-documented public health policy for chronic diseases and mitigating the increase of cancer prevalence. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_45091_8f23cf7974fff5715be420f4d7fe6e97.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Selective Toxicity of Non Polar Bioactive Compounds of Persian Gulf Sea Squirt Phallusia Nigra on Skin Mitochondria Isolated from Rat Model of Melanoma8118184473210.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.811ENYaldaArastPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNinaSeyed RaziPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEnayatollahSeydiResearch Center for Health, Safety and Environment (RCHSE), Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.ParvanehNaserzadehPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMelikaNazemiPersian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute , Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran.JalalPourahmadjaktajiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesJournal Article20170223 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer and one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Marin animals have attracted much attention in recent years as useful substances having application in medicine. It was shown that Phallusia nigra (P. nigra) known as sea squirt could play an important role in cancer therapy. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This study </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">was designed to figure out the probable selective toxicity of n-hexane, diethyl ether, methanolic and aqueous extracts </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of P. nigra on cancerous mitochondria isolated from the skin of melanoma induced rats. In our study, mitochondria were isolated from the skin tissue of both melanoma induced and normal healthyrats. Different concentrations of four </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">different extracts of P. nigra (250, 500 and 1000 μg/ml) were added to mitochondrial samples obtained from both groups, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">separately. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our results showed that n-hexane, diethyl ether and methanolic extracts (but not aqueous extract) of P. nigra in all concentrations applied (250, 500 and 1000 μg/ml) significantly induced toxic alterations only in the cancerous but not normal healthy skin mitochondria including; increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">mitochondrial swelling, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cytochrome c release. Flow-cytometry </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">analysis demonstrated that n-hexane, diethyl ether and methanolic extracts of P. nigra progressively induced apoptosis </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and necrosis only on melanoma cells but not healthy skin cells. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our results suggest that non polar bioactive </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">compounds in P. nigra may be hopeful candidates for further studies including molecular identification, confirmatory in vivo experiments and finally clinical trials designed for new drug treatment of melanoma skin cancer. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_44732_1af2c0369b3627674993895610881782.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Urinary Iodine Concentrations in Cancer Patients8198214504710.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.819ENSaeedKargarDepartment of General Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranSeyed MostafaShiryazdiDepartment of General Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranSeyed RezaAtashiDepartment of General Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranHosseinNeamatzadehDepartment of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranMother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranMahdiehKamali4Department of Perinatology, School of Medicine, Tehran University Medical of Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170302 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">It has been suggested that incidence of some cancers, especially examples in the breast and stomach may be influenced by the iodine intake. However, only few studies are available at present. Therefore, we have conducted the present assessment of iodine status in Iranian patients diagnosed with a malignancy. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This cross-sectional study was conducted in 85 patients diagnosed with different types of cancer at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran. The method used was based on the Sandell–Kolthoff reaction. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 17.4 μg/L, with ≤20 μg/L indicative of severe iodine deficiency. According to the WHO/IC C IDD/UNIC EF classification, 88.1%, 7.1% and 2.4% of patients had a UIC </span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The UIC values indicate that Iranian cancer patients were seriously iodine deficient according to WHO/UNIC EF/ IC C IDD, and that this is a suitable index to assess iodine status in Iranians. Daily consumption of salt fortified with iodine or other approaches to increase intake might be effective strategies for prevention or reduction of malignancies. </span></span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_45047_dce3c90715ef57d24c232b98b922669c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Patterns, Beliefs, Norms and Perceived Harms of Hookah Smoking in North Iran8238304508810.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.823ENRahman BerdiOzouni-DavajiHealth Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranYousefDadban-ShahamatEnvironmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranFarshidHajili-DavajiSchool of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranKamalMirkarimiHealth Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranAbdurrahmanCharkaziHealth Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranBagherPahlavanzadehDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNavisa SadatSeydghasemiSchool of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranGholamrezaSharifiradPublic Health Department, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IranMitraMoodiSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education &Health Promotion, Health School, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IranAyoubElahiMaraveh Tappeh Health Care Center, Maraveh TappehJournal Article20170301 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Introduction: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Hookah smoking is considered as a public health threat around the globe. The aim of this study was to investigatethe hookah smoking patterns, beliefs, norms and perceived harms in Golestan province of Iran. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A cross-sectional study was conducted on 395 hookah smokers using convenience sampling method in 2015. To collect data, Heinz’s hookah patternwas utilized. Ordinal regression models were used to exploring of covariates related to the odds of life time, last-30-day, and current hookah use. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In general, 357 (90.4%) subjects were male smokers. Most of subjects smoked hookah in café (62.2%) and with friends (75.6%). The majority of them (71.1%) did not consider themselves as a hooked person. Cigarette smoking (OR =.65, 95 % CI .42-.98), low perceived addictiveness of hookah than cigarettes (OR =2.33, 95 % CI 1.45-3.73), Social context of hookah smoking with friends in café (OR =1.14, 95 % CI 1.08-1.2), and number of close friends who smoked hookah (OR =1.38, 95 % CI 1.18-1.61) were effective variables affected the past month use of hookah. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Development, implementation and assessment of interventions particularly adapted to hookah smoking regarding increase of perceived harm of hookah than cigarette </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and its probable addiction focusing on close friends appeared to be beneficial. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_45088_8b4c3ffd3da8e96c01a98c87886438f5.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Reciprocal Interactions of Leukemic Cells with Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Promote Enrichment of Leukemic Stem Cell Compartments in Response to Curcumin and Daunorubicin8318404512310.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.831ENSaeedMohammadiHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMohsenNikbakhtHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed MehdiSajjadiCellular and Molecular Research
Centers, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.FaribaRadBlood Transfusion
Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, IranBahramChahardouliHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJavidSabour TakanluHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranShahrbanoRostamiHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranKamranAlimoghaddamHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranArdeshirGhavamzadehHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed HamidGhaffariHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170303 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">A predominant challenge in developing curative leukemia therapy is interactions of leukemic cells with the bone marrow stromal microenvironment. We aimed to investigate the role of stromal cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and osteoblasts (OBs), in curcumin (CUR) and daunorubicin (DNR) induced apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. We used KG1 and U937 as leukemia cell line models and treated them with CUR and DNR. The cells were then co-cultured with BMSCs or a combination of BMSCs and OBs as feeders. After 24 hours of co-culture, BMSCs or OBs were sorted and separated from the leukemia cells and apoptosis levels were analyzed </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">by annexin/propidium iodide (PI) staining on flow cytometry. Potentially involved molecular pathways were analyzed </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">at gene and protein levels by Real time PCR and western blotting, respectively. The results showed AML cells co-cultured with BMSCs plus OBs to be more resistant to drug induced-apoptosis compared to co-culture with BMSCs </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">alone or without co-culture. Expression levels of OPN, CXCL-12, IL-6, STAT-3 and VCAM-1 were also significantly </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">up-regulated in OBs and AML cells, at both mRNA and protein levels after co-culture, with concurrent enrichment of </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CD34+ AML cells. Our data showed, in a stromal cell niche-based model, that OBs revoke the influence of BMSCs </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">on leukemic cells and promote enrichment of both CD34+ and CD34- leukemic stem cell (LSC) compartments in response to CUR and DNR. Up-regulation of OPN, CXCL-12, IL-6, STAT-3 and VCAM-1 in OBs and AML cells in co-culture might be part of molecular mechanisms that block CUR or CUR+DNR-induced apoptosis and promote enrichment of CD34+ and CD34- LSCs. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_45123_deb12d458fe2f269fbffce9ce20aa69a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Role of Dietary Crocin in In Vivo Melanoma Tumor Remission8418464513610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.841ENHamidBakshiDepartment of Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Bhopal, MP, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacy,
School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, United Kingdom.FaruckHakkimBiology Division,
Department of Basic Sciences, College of Applied Sciences, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra, OmanSmithaSamDepartment of Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Bhopal, MP, IndiaFaridehJavidDepartment of Pharmacy,
School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, United Kingdom.Journal Article20170130Background:<br /> Melanoma is a deadly form of malignancy. Early diagnosis might pave the way to cure but its aggressive nature leads to rapid dissemination and colonization of distant organs. Dietary herbs may play a significant role in prevention of cancer. In this study, we tested anti-tumor efficacy of the <em>Crocus sativus</em> derived active constituent crocin, it is well established to have anti-cancer properties in different cancer models by our group and other groups. Notably, crocin is reported to exert anti-proliferative effect on melanoma cells (B16F10) in vitro. However, roles of crocin on <em>in vivo</em> melanoma tumor remission have not yet been reported to our knowledge. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Melanoma tumor model was established by transplanting B16F10 (5 X 105) cells into C57BL/6 mice, which were then observed for tumor development and once the tumor volume reached 6 mm, mice were divided into (Group I: tumor-bearing animals treated with normal saline and Group II: counterparts treated with crocin at 2 mg/kg body weight for 21 days). . Tumor remission and tumor growth related parameters such as tumor silent period (TSP), tumor volume doubling time (VDT), growth delay (GD), and mean survival time (MST) were determined. In addition, serum protein profiles were analyzed. <strong>Results: </strong>The 21 days crocin treatment significantly reduced the tumor burden in mice, extending the mean survival time significantly as compared to control. Crocin treatment also significantly increased the TGD and TSP and decreased VDT. Furthermore, while serum proteins such as albumin and globulin (alpha1, alpha2, beta, and gamma) were altered due to tumor burden, crocin treatment resulted in their levels near to normal at the end of the experimental period. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provided clear evidence that crocin may exhibit significant melanoma tumor remission properties by positively modulating tumor growth related parameters. In future, the molecular mechanisms of crocin action should be studied extensively in melanoma models before defining crocin-based melanoma drug formulations.https://journal.waocp.org/article_45136_6fad54e6d499905542f965703ba8cc52.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Breast Cancer Awareness among Women in Western Amazon: a Population Based Cross-Sectional Study8478564514610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.847ENMarlaSchillingNational School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Postgraduate Program in Public Health and Environment, Brazil.IlceSilvaNational School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Postgraduate Program in Public Health and Environment, Brazil.0000-0002-7134-3030SimoneOpitzFederal
University of Acre; Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Brazil.Maria FernandaBorgesFederal
University of Acre; Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Brazil.SergioKoifmanNational School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Postgraduate Program in Public Health and Environment, Brazil.RosalinaKoifmanNational School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Postgraduate Program in Public Health and Environment, Brazil.0000-0002-2746-7597Journal Article20170201 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A general lack of women`s awareness of breast cancer has been one of the barriers to screening and early presentation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate levels of knowledge about risk factors, and early warning signs of breast cancer, and to determine factors associated with better levels of comprehension. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 478 women over 40 years old, living in Rio Branco city, western Amazon. All were interviewed using the "Breast cancer knowledge, attitudes and practice scale", developed by American Cancer Society. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Among the respondents, only 28.6% of women were aware that advanced age highly increases the risk. Around 30% of participants recognized nipple retraction as a sign of breast cancer. Breast cancer knowledge varied according to age in such a way that the mean scores were high from 40-69 years and decreased </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">dramatically among those aged ≥70 (β=-0.06,p=0.031). Access to health services such as the Pap-test (β=2.45,p=0.027) and attending a gynecologist in the past two years (β=1.88,p=0.005) were statistically associated with the score of </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">breast cancer knowledge. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The findings indicate that women living in urban areas, having gynecological </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">assessment, considering herself at high risk of developing breast cancer and thinking that breast cancer is a fatal disease are statistically asso </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_45146_34c5f4428ce49d080b5e2bbc9391eae8.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736818320170301Prevalence of CTR1 and ERCC1 Polymorphisms and Response of Biliary Tract Cancer to Gemcitabine-Platinum Chemotherapy8578614517110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.3.857ENSkolchartPongmaneratanakulDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, ThailandSuebpongTanasanvimonMedical Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand0000-0002-3904-4719ThitimaPengsuparpDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, ThailandNutthadaAreepiumDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, ThailandJournal Article20161227 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Purpose: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Biliary tract cancer (BTC)is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage for which curative surgery is not possible and gemcitabine-platinum chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for advanced cases. Several studies had focused on biomarkers to predict response from platinum drugs in lung cancer, but information is limited for BTC. In this study, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the copper transporter (CTR1) and excision repair cross-complementary group 1 (ERCC1) genes were investigated as predictive biomarkers of objective response to gemcitabine-platinum. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This cohort study aimed to assess any associations of genetic polymorphisms of these proteins active in drug pathway with treatment response in advanced BTC patients. Twenty six patients were enrolled. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and genetic polymorphisms were assessed by Taqman allelic discrimination assay. Response was evaluated according to RECIST version 1.1 . Results: For the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CTR1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">polymorphism, GT was the most common genotype (61.5%) followed by GG (34.6%), and TT (3.8%). For the ERCC1 polymorphism, only 2 genotypes were found, CC and CT at 57.7% and 42.3%, respectively. Genetic polymorphisms were not found to be singly associated with response. However, when the 2 genetic polymorphisms were combined, GG/CC showed a higher response rate than the others (p=0.018, Fisher’s Exact Test). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This is the first study </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">to show an association between </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CTR1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">ERCC1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">polymorphisms and response to gemcitabine-platinum in advanced BTC patients. These polymorphisms might be used as biomarkers to predict response in such cases in the future. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_45171_83c674fee6127b9b6f8ac9d2c272ec5f.pdf