West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Long Non Coding RNA Expression Intersecting Cancer and Spermatogenesis: A Systematic Review260126105098010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2601ENAliDianatpourDepartment of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SoudehGhafouri-FardDepartment of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170418 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Numerous similarities have been noted between gametogenic and tumorigenic programs in features such as global hypomethylation, immune evasion, immortalization, meiosis induction, and migration. In addition, aberrant </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">expression of testis specific genes has been detected in various cancers which has led to categorization of these genes as "cancer-testis genes". Most of the examples identified in this category are protein encoding. However, recent studies </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">have revealed that non-coding RNAs, including long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs), may have essential regulatory roles in telomere biology, chromatin dynamics, modulation of gene expression and genome structural organization. All of these functions are implicated in both gametogenic and tumorigenic programs. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In the present study, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">we conducted a computerized search of the MEDLINE/PUBMED and Embase databases with the key words lncRNA, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">gametogenesis, testis and cancer. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We found a number of lncRNAs with essential roles and notable expression in both gametogenic and cancer tissues. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Comparison between cancer tissues and gametogenic tissues has shown that numerous lncRNAs are expressed in both, playing similar roles in processes modulated by signaling </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Evaluation of expression patterns and functions of these genes should pave the way to discovery of biomarkers for early detection, prognostic assessment and evaluation of </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">therapeutic responses in cancers. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50980_7a2b8a84c3edc0a77f459d478391a321.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Association between Polymorphisms of ERCC5 Gene and Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis261126175112710.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2611ENAbolfazlNamaziDepartment of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.MohammadForat-YazdiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Mohammad AliJafariDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.ElnazForoughiDepartment of Restorative and Esthetic, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.SoudabehFarahnakDepartment of Endodontic, Arak university of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.RezvanNasiriDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Arak university of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.MasoudZare-ShehnehDepartment of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.HosseinNeamatzadehDepartment of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Journal Article20170618 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">several epidemiological studies have suggested that polymorphisms of the Excision Repair Cross Complementing Group-5 (ERCC5) gene might be related to gastric cancer risk; however, the results have been inconsistent or controversial. Therefore, we have performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between the ERCC5 gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">An electronic search was conducted of several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles that describe the association between polymorphisms of the ERCC5 gene and susceptibility of gastric cancer. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">total of 33 case control studies in 15 publications were included in the present meta-analysis. There were significant </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">associations between gastric cancer susceptibility and ERCC5 gene rs751402 C>T (T vs. C: OR = 1.166, 95% C = 1.066-1.274, p= 0.001; TT vs. CC: OR = 0.723, 95% CI = 0.587-0.890, p = 0.002; TT+TC vs. CC: OR = 0.853, 95% CI = 0.757-0.961, p = 0.009; TT vs. TC+CC: OR = 0.793, 95% CI = 0.659-0.955, p = 0.015), rs2296147 T>C (C vs. T: OR = 1.268, 95% C = 1.049-1.532, p= 0.014), rs873601 G>A polymorphisms (A vs. G, OR = 1.087, 95% C = 1.021-1.159, p= 0.010; AA vs. GG, OR = 1.184, 95% CI = 1.043-1.343, p = 0.009, AA vs. AG+GG, OR = 1.156, 95% CI = 1.040-1.284, p = 0.007), but not rs2094258 C>T and rs1047768 T>C. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the current meta-analysis demonstrates that rs751402 C>T, rs2296147 T>C, and rs873601 G>A polymorphisms of ERCC5 gene are associated with the susceptibility of gastric cancer. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51127_fb297d057a014ea2a87d93712a0c05a4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001An Overview of Asbestos and Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: An Iranian Perspective261926235114610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2619ENHabibEmamiNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran.AlirezaIlbeigiCancer Registry Center, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.KianKhodadadDalhousie University, Cape Breton Cancer Centre, Sydney, Nova Scotia,
Canada.Journal Article20170717 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Asbestos refers to a group of minerals that appears naturally in the environment as bundles of fibers. The incidence </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">rate of asbestos-related diseases has considerably increased as well as the amount of asbestos utilization in few countries. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare type of aggressive and life threatening neoplasm which arise from </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">various serous surfaces: pleura, peritoneum, tunica vaginalis and pericardium. The first case of MPM was reported in 1947. MPM etiologically is associated to the exposure of asbestos fibers. This form of malignancy is difficult to diagnose in paraclinical work-ups because mesothelioma could occur within 10-20 years of the first-time exposure to </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">asbestos. The burden of MPM is not yet to be wholly understood. The toxic side effects of asbestos on environment and people compelled the European countries to accept the French view upon this matter. However, this approach has not been accepted by some developing countries. This review provides a brief points and facts in relation to MPM and asbestos in Iran. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51146_a4a4a0cb11041fe4d5eb9f1c5d938bfe.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Diagnostic Challenges in Prostate Cancer and 68Ga-PSMA PET Imaging: A Game Changer?262526285084510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2625ENMaseehZamanSection of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Imaging, Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan.0000-0001-9586-7034NosheenFatimaSection of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Imaging, Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan.0009-0000-1681-6416AreebaZamanDow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan.MahwishSajidDepartment of Radiotherapy, KIRAN, Karachi, Pakistan.UnaizaZamanCivil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan.SidraZamanDow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan.Journal Article20170530 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequent solid tumor in men and the third most common cause of cancer mortality among men in developed countries. Current imaging modalities like ultrasound (US), computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and choline based positron emission (PET) tracing have disappointing sensitivity for detection of nodal metastasis and small tumor recurrence. This poses a diagnostic challenge in staging of intermediate </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">to high risk PC and restaging of patients with biochemical recurrence (PSA >0.2 ng/ml). Gallium-</span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">68 </span><span style="font-size: small;">labeled prostate </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">specific membrane antigen (</span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">68</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Ga-PSMA) PET imaging has now emerged with a higher diagnostic yield. </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">68</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Ga-PSMA PET/CT or PET/MRI can be expected to offer a one-stop-shop for staging and restaging of PC. PSMA ligands labeled with alpha and beta emitters have also shown promising therapeutic efficacy for nodal, bone and visceral metastasis. Therefore a PSMA based theranostics approach for detection, staging, treatment, and follow-up of PC would appear </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">to be highly valuable to achieve personalized PC treatment. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50845_8188bfdd6e23d750244d1915f79ebe33.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001A Systems Biology Approach Provides Deeper Insights into Differentially Expressed Genes in Taxane-Anthracycline Chemoresistant and Non-Resistant Breast Cancers262926365115110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2629ENShamimSarhadiDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.SomayehSadeghiDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.FatemehNikmaneshDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.YounesPilehvar-SoltanahmadiDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.ArmanShahabiDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.SedighehFekri AvalDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.0000-0002-6749-0679NosratollahZarghamiDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20170102 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">To date, numerous studies have been conducted to search for reasons for chemoresistance and differences in survival rates of patients receiving chemotherapy. We have sought to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between predicted chemotherapy resistance and sensitive phenotypes by a network as well as gene enrichment approach. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Functional modules were explored with network analysis of DEGs in predicted neoadjuvant taxane-anthracycline resistance versus sensitive cases in the GSE25066 dataset, including 508 samples. A linear model was created by limma package in R to establish DEGs. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A gene set related to phagocytic vesicle membrane was found to be up-regulated in chemoresistance samples. Also, we found GO_CYTOKINE_ACTIVITY and GO_GROWTH_FACTOR BINDING to be up-regulated gene sets with the chemoresistance phenotype. Growth factors and cytokines are two groups of agents that induce the immune system to recruit APCs and promote tolerogenic phagocytosis. Some hub nodes like S100A8 were found to be important in the chemoresistant tumor cell network with associated high rank genes in GSEA. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Functional gene sets and hub nodes could be considered as potential treatment targets. Moreover, by screening and enrichment analysis of a chemoresistance network, ligands and chemical </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">agents have been found that could modify significant gene sets like the phagocytic vesicle membrane functional gene </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">set as a key to chemoresistance. They could also impact on down- or up-regulated hub nodes. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51151_d29b2ec76cbcbe65d820990c2c78a02d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Nepalese Helicobacter pylori Genotypes Reflects a Geographical Diversity than a True Virulence Factor263726415115010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2637ENRabi PrakashSharmaCivil service hospital, Minbhawan, Kathmandu, Nepal.MuhammadMiftahussururDepartment of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879 5593, Japan.Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital-Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.Pradeep KrishnaShresthaCivil service hospital, Minbhawan, Kathmandu, Nepal.PhawineeSubsomwongDepartment of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879 5593, Japan.TomohisaUchidaDepartment of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879 5593, Japan.YoshioYamaokaCivil service hospital, Minbhawan, Kathmandu, Nepal.Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.0000-0002-1222-5819Journal Article20170128 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The data about the association between </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Helicobacter pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">putative virulence factors; </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">jhp0562/β-(1,3)galT </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">with clinical outcomes are still controversial. We identified and analyzed two putative </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">virulence factors in Nepalese strains. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">jhp0562/β-(1,3)galT </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">allelic types were determined by </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">polymerase chain reaction amplification. Histological analysis were classified according to the updated Sydney system and the Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) system. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Among 49 strains, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">negative/</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA2 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">positive (</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA2</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">-positive) was predominant type (57.1%, 28/49) and 20 (40.8%) were </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">positive/</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA2 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">negative. The </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">remaining one (2.0%) was positive for both </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA1 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA2 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA1/iceA2</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">-mixed). Patients infected with </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA1</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">-positive strains tended to be higher OLGA score than </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA2</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">-positive strains [1.45 [1] vs. 0.07 [0.5], P = 0.09, respectively). </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">jhp0562 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">negative/</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">β-(1,3)galT </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">positive was predominant type (25/51, 49.0%), followed by double positive for </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">jhp0562/β-(1,3)galT </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(15/51, 29.4%) and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">jhp0562 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">positive</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">/β-(1,3)galT </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">negative (11/51, 21.6%). Activity in the corpus was significantly higher in </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">jhp0562 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">negative/</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">β-(1,3)galT </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">positive than double positive of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">jhp0562/β-(1,3)galT </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">positive </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">[mean (median); 1.24 (1) vs. 0.73 (1), P = 0.03]. There was association between </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and subtype of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">vacA </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">signal region </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(e.g., s1a, s1b or s1c) and combination subtypes of signal and middle regions (e.g., s1a-m1c) (P = 0.02, r = 0.29; and P = 0.002, r = 0.42, respectively). In addition, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">jhp0562/β-(1,3)galT </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">genotypes associated with </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">cagA </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">pre-</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">EPIYA </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">type </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(e.g., 6 bp-, 18 bp-, or no deletion-type) (P = 0.047, r = 0.15). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The inconsistency results of the association between </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iceA</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">jhp0562/β-(1,3)galT </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and histological scores suggesting that these genes may associate with genetic heterogeneity rather than as a true virulence factor. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51150_96b2a35e9cf6506f36e1d1d4805f2d7a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001p16INK4a Expression in Cervical Lesions Correlates with Histologic Grading - a Tertiary Level Medical Facility Based Retrospective Study264326475097810.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2643ENUshaSarmaPathology Department, Tezpur Medical College, Tezpur, India.IraBiswasO and G Department, Guwahati, India.AlakanandaDasO and G Department, Guwahati, India.Gokul ChandraDasO and G Department, Guwahati, India.ChandanSaikiaPathology Department, Demonstrator, Guwahati, India.BidulaSarmaM Ed
Classes, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, India.Journal Article20170213 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">p16INK4a is a tumor-suppressor protein and cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor that blocks cdk4- and cdk6-mediated pRb phosphorylation to inhibit E2F-dependent transcription and cell-cycle progression. Because the E7 protein of high-risk HPVs inactivates pRB, the resulting overexpression of p16INK4a may be a good marker for infection </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">with high risk HPV types. Immunostaining of p16INK4a allows precise identification of even small CIN or cervical </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">cancer lesions in biopsy sections and can help reduce inter-observer variation in the histopathological interpretation of cervical biopsy specimens. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the expression of p16 INK4a in cervical biopsies and to compare the grade of cervical neoplasia with intensity of staining. The study covered 110 cervical biopsy tissue blocks over a period of 2 years, (85 cases of CIN of varying grade and invasive cervical cancers and 25 of non-neoplastic lesions). Immunostaining with p16INK4a antibodies followed standard operating procedures. The results showed an increasing trend for p16INK4a immunoreactivity from benign to higher grade lesions. Out of 25 cases of non dysplasia (15 cervicitis &10 immature squamous metaplasia), 8%(2/25) showed P16INK4a expression (grade 1). Among low grade lesions like CIN1, 32% (8/25) cases demonstrated P16INK4a expression (grade 1). Some 52.3% (11/21) of CIN2 cases proved positive. The intensity of p16INK4a expression in CIN 2 was grade 1 in 33%, grade 2 in 14% and grade 3 in 4.7% of cases. All the CIN3 lesions and cervical squamous cell carcinomas exhibited grade 3 anti p16INK4a antibody staining. The association of p16INK4a expression with histologic grade of cervical </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">pathology was highly significant (χ</span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: small;">-value:51.81, p<0.0001). The staining intensity increase with higher grade disease </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">was also statistically significant (χ</span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: small;">-value :133.95, p<0.0001). </span>West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Body Misperception and Its Associated Factors among Cancer Survivors in Korea264926565112310.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2649ENHyun-YoungShinDepartment of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University, College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.Hee-JinHwangDepartment of
Family Medicine, International St. Mary`s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of
Korea, Simgokro 100gil 25, Seo-Gu Incheon city, Republic of Korea.JaeminKimDepartment of
Family Medicine, International St. Mary`s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of
Korea, Simgokro 100gil 25, Seo-Gu Incheon city, Republic of Korea.Journal Article20170217 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">As the number of cancer survivors is increasing, the importance of their healthcare management is becoming emphasized. For this purpose, appropriate recognition of the importance of body weight is necessary. This study concerned misconceptions about body weight and related factors among cancer patients. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This cross-sectional study involved 1,159 participants who participated in the 2007-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess cancer information, socioeconomic status, health behavior, and psychological factors. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Men had a higher rate of underestimation and a lower rate of overestimation of body weight than women (34.7% vs. 22.9%; 10.9% vs. 15.5%, respectively). Underestimation of body weight was positively associated with a self-assessment of being in poor health in men (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.58- 3.75) and in elderly women (OR 3.70, 95% CI 2.44-5.23). Overestimation of body weight was positively associated with depression in men (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.01-4.63) and a high educational level/high-income level and having tried to control weight in women (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.16-3.18; OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.00-2.47; OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.82-5.77, respectively). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Higher socioeconomic status (SES), depression, self-rated health status, age, and weight control trials were found to be associated with underestimation and overestimation of body weight in cancer survivors. From this study, it is evident that more efforts are needed to remove misperceptions and to develop healthy behavior for cancer survivors by various means. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51123_aceb9bbca86596325c30ff32ef5a3e3c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Risk Factors for Hydatidiform Mole: Is Husband’s Job a Major Risk Factor?265726625075910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2657ENHouriehShamshiri MilaniInfertility and Reproductive Health Research Centre (IRHRC) , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran.Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine,Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MortezaAbdollahiNutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SaraTorbatiDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medicine,Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.TahaAsbaghi NaminiDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medicine,Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.EznollahAzarghashbDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medicine,Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170225 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The hydatidiform mole (HM) is a precancerous placenta considered as a gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). It may convert to more invasive forms of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), endangering women’s health by more severe complications. Most GTN cases originate from HM, which is associated with uterine bleeding, preeclampsia and thyroid problems. Its etiology has not been adequately explored, but some risk factors have been reported. The aim of the present study was to assess any relationships between molar pregnancy and factors including mothers’ and husbands’ occupations. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In this case control study, seventy complete molar pregnancies (cases) </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">were compared with 200 normal pregnancies (controls) in 5 educational hospitals affiliated to medical universities </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in Tehran, Iran. Data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression modeling. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">There was no significant relationship between the risk of molar pregnancy and age, education, blood RH, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">parity, duration of OCP use, intra-uterine device usage, smoking, consanguinity of woman and husband, ethnicity, history of infertility, history of moles in the family, and dwelling ownership. The two groups were statistically different regarding husbands’ jobs, history of abortion, use OCP, and ABO blood group. The odds ratio with a husband’s physical </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">job having exposure to dust and soil was 18.2 (CI: 8.26-43.03, PV˂0.001). Logistic regression analysis only showed </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">husband’s job and husband’s physical job exposure to dust and soil as predictors. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Husband’s jobs and especially exposure to dust and soil could be a major risk factor for molar pregnancy. More studies on the epidemiology, occupational health, microbiology and genetics are warranted to shed more light on this abnormal pregnancy. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50759_c3d27582ddd111c0dbf9b25dd1ea732b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Breast Cancer Screening Disparity among Korean American Immigrant Women in Midwest266326675115410.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2663ENHee YunLeeSchool of Social Work University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, United States.Mi HwaLeeSchool of Social Work, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.Yoo JeongJangDepartment of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, United States.Do KyungLeeSchool of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, United States.Journal Article20170312 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Purpose: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Using three breast cancer screening methods such as mammogram, Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), and Breast Self-Examination (BSE), this study investigated breast cancer screening rates and its associated factors in Korean American immigrant women. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Method: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Cross-sectional data were obtained from 168 Korean immigrant women aged 40 and older in Midwest. The Andersen’s Behavioral Model (1995) theoretically guided this study and logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with screening receipt and performance. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Study </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">participants reported low screening rates, specifically mammography and CBE uptake. About 71% of the women had </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">a mammography at least once in their lifetime, while about 36% indicating receipt of a mammogram in the last three years. About 59% of the women received a CBE at least once in their lifetime, while about 32% had CBE in the past three years. About 74% of study participants have performed BSE at least once in their life time, while about 69% have done it in the past three years. Knowledge of screening method was consistently correlated with participant’s three breast cancer screening uptake. Additional factors that were positively associated with screening included older age, low barriers to mammograms, and lower educational attainment. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Overall, study participants reported low rates of breast cancer screening receipt and performance. It is required to promote screening uptake among Korean immigrant women, especially women with young age, a lower level of education, and lack of health accessibility. A community-based language-appropriate health education program should be developed to increase health care access. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51154_407583639ec054d68fbcfc95e20e1400.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Stage Association of Preoperative Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen with Gastric Adenocarcinoma in Iranian Patients266926725097610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2669ENAfshinShafaghiGI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center (GCSPRC),Guilan University of Medical Sciences), Rasht, Iran.FariborzMansour-GhanaeiGastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS), Rasht, Iran.0000-0002-6264-0025FarahnazJoukarGastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS), Rasht, Iran.0000-0003-0102-0575FarhadNabaviCaspian Digestive Diseases Research Center (CDDRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS), Rasht, Iran.AlirazaMansour-GhanaeiShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) ,Tehran, Iran.AidinEsrafilian SoltaniCaspian Digestive Diseases Research Center (CDDRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS), Rasht, Iran.Journal Article20170316 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality and the fourth most common cancer globally. Tumor markers are needed for appropriate management and monitoring of treatment to improve quality of life. Recently, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been widely used as a tumor marker in the diagnosis </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and follow-up of some malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of CEA detection in the </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">course of disease in gastric cancer patients at different stages. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Seventy six cases of gastric adenocarcinoma from the Rasht Razi Hospital were studied between January 2016 and December 2016, along with a control group of 152 people. Serum CEA was measured by ELISA reader. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 14.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). The two groups were also compared by cross-table analysis using Pearson’s </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">chi-square test, with P-values </span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CEA was positive in 61.8 % of patients versus 2.6% of the control group (P = 0.0001). Some 21% of patients at stages I and II (initial disease) and 40.8% at stages </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">III and IV (advanced disease) demonstrated positive CEA. which was significantly correlated with higher N stage and </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">poor differentiation. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our study showed that a high preoperative CEA level was not prevalent in early stage gastric cancer patients. We recommend to design other prospective studies and meta-analyses for elucidation of </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">claims for diagnostic efficacy. </span></span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50976_4f13fab79fe3909234f05675be607f26.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Impact of Her-2 Overexpression on Survival of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer267326785076010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2673ENGiovana TavaresDos SantosPathology Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil.Natália DresslerCamilloSanta Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Brazil.Maiquidieli DalBertoPathology Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil.João CarlosProllaLaboratory of Pathology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Brazil.Ivana Beatrice MânicaDa CruzBiogenômica Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.Adriana VialRoeheDepartment of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Pathology Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil.Rosicler LuziaBrackmannLaboratory of Pathology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Brazil.Keli CritineReiterPathology Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil.Claudia GiulianoBicaDepartment of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil.Journal Article20170319 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Introduction: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease which is increasingly important as a public health problem. In Brazil, 57,960 new cases have been estimated to be the burden in 2016 and 2017. Despite advances in early diagnosis and therapy, approximately 20-30% of patients, even with early stage lesions, will develop distant metastatic disease. Tumors with similar clinical and pathological presentations may have differing behavior, so it </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">is important to understand specific biological characteristics. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">To investigate tumor markers of primary </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">tumors featuring pleural metastasis to identify organ-specific characteristics of metastatic breast cancer. Methods: </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In a historical cohort study, immunohistochemistry was performed on cell blocks of neoplastic pleural effusions and results were compared with clinicopathological data. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The median survival time with Her-2 overexpression in malignant pleural effusions was 2.2 months, whereas cases without overexpression survived, on average, for seven months (p = 0.02). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We emphasize that metastases may behave independently of primary tumors, but the present results indicate that therapeutic agents targeting Her-2 overexpression could increase survival in metastatic breast cancer cases. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50760_09efcc6af066377c98b37879bd1b5d69.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Analysis of ARID2 Gene Mutation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma267926815112410.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2679ENLakshmi PrabhaDasDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, India.Raghuram HariPittyDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, India.KannanAsokanDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, India.0000000240746873KrithikaC.LDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, India.0000000164322904AnandiM.SDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, India.ArvindRamanathanEnable Biolabs, Madurai Meenakshipuram Extension, Urapakkam, Chennai, India.Journal Article20170322 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The ARID2 gene, encoding a sub unit of the chromatin remodelling complex, has a possible tumour suppressor function and has been found to be frequently mutated in various tumours, including gingivo buccal oral squamous cell carcinomas. The present study was designed to analyse the presence of ARID2 gene mutations in the distinct genetic South Indian (Dravidian) population. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Genomic DNA from thirty biopsy </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">tissue samples of histopathologically confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were subjected to PCR amplification with intronic primers encompassing exons 19 and 20 of ARID2. Subsequently, the PCR amplicons were purified and subjected to Sanger sequencing using forward primers for analysis of mutational status. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our study yielded a 6% occurrence of mutations in the ARID2 gene among the thirty OSCC samples. Two samples showed a C(5174)A nonsense mutation whereby the "C" nucleotide was substituted with an "A" nucleotide at position 5174, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">resulting in the conversion of serine amino acid at codon 1725 to a premature STOP codon. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Identification of ARID2 gene mutations in OSCCs in this distinct ethnic population reaffirms that aberrations in the chromatin </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">remodelling complex could indeed also contribute to tumorigenesis, thus providing new insights for future research. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51124_88a119e5f519676a94dd970759f8e317.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Genetic Polymorphisms of Fas/FasL Promoter Associated with Hepatitis C cirrhosis and HCC268326885114810.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2683ENSallyAbedDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.MohamedEl-DosokyDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.MaysaaEl Sayed ZakiDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.MohamedEL-Shafey,Department of
Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.Journal Article20170326 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Aim: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The present study was performed to determine any associations of genetic polymorphisms of Fas/FasL promoter regions, at Fas670 and Fas1377 and FasL844, with hepatitis C cirrhosis and HCC, with a focus on severity of disease. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Totals of 120 patients with cirrhosis and 101 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were enrolled. All had chronic HCV infection as indicated by positive anti-HCV antibodies and positive HCV RNA on real time PCR. One hundred healthy control subjects were also included in the study. Patients were subjected to full clinical, radiological and histopathological examinations. In addition to routine laboratory tests for liver function tests, Fas670 and Fas1377 and FasL844 genetic polymorphisms of Fas/FasL promoter regions were assessed by RFLP-PCR (restriction fragment length polymorphism with polymerase chain reaction). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Significant higher levels of the AG genotype in Fas670 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and Fas1773 were observed in patients with cirrhosis and HCC (P=0.0001) as compared to control subjects. In addition, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the CC genotype in FASL844 was also more common in patients (P=0.01). Furtehrmore, there was a significant </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">association of substitution of A by G alleles in Fas670 and Fas1773 with advanced BCA staging (P=0.02, P=0.0001 respectively) and larger tumor size >5cm (P=0.01, P=0.0001 respectively) and in Fas670 with advanced pathological </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">grading (P=0.0001). Moreover the CC genotype of FASL844 was significantly linked with advanced BCA, large tumor </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">size >5cm and advanced pathological grading (P=0.0001). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The findings of the present study highlight </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">associations of genetic polymorphisms of promoter regions in Fas and Fas L with cirrhosis and HCC associated with chronic HCV. Support was also obtained for the conclusion that single nucleotide polymorphisms of the Fas/ FasL system impact on clinical and histopathological grading of HCCs. Further large scale studies are recommended for </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">confirmation. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51148_3736a8eee1509b4a16bc20fc36cb5b67.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in Breast Cancer Subtypes268926935078410.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2689ENEnriqueSoto-Perez-de-CelisCancer Care in the Elderly Clinic, Department of Geriatrics. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Mexico.YaninChavarri-GuerraDepartment of Hemato-Oncology. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Mexico.EucarioLeon-RodriguezDepartment of Hemato-Oncology. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Mexico.ArmandoGamboa-DominguezDepartment of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Mexico.Journal Article20170405 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Tumor associated neutrophils (TAN) are related to aggressiveness and a poor prognosis with human cancers. However, the relevance of TAN in breast cancer has not been previously investigated and here we sought to determine their presence among different subtypes. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We analyzed patients with stage I-III breast cancers between 2006 and 2012. Tumors were divided into three subtypes: hormone-receptor [ HR]-positive, HER2-negative </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(HR+,HER2-ve); HER2-positive and triple negative (TN). Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were examined and the number of TAN per 10 high power fields (HPF, 40x) was recorded. Tumors with >1 TAN per 10 HPF were considered TAN-positive. Fisher’s exact test was used to test for independence between qualitative variables, and </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">logistic regression models were applied for multivariate analysis. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 133 patients were assessed for </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">inclusion and 105 were analyzed (28 excluded on various criteria). Some 72 tumors (69%) were classified as HR+, HER2-ve, 15 (14%) as HER2+ and 18 (17%) as TN. Totals of 16 TN (88%), 8 HER2+ (53%) and 4 HR+, HER2-ve tumors (5%) were TAN+ (p<0.001), including 79% of HR-ve tumors (19 of 24), in contrast to 11% of their HR+ve counterparts (9 of 81) (p<0.001). HER2 expression (p=0.023) and tumor grade (p<0.001) were also associated with TAN positivity. On multivariate analysis, only HR negativity (OR 16.85; 95% CI 4.4-64.6, p=<0.0001) was associated </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">with a higher likelihood of TAN positivity. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">TAN are present in most TN tumors. We found an absence of </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HR expression to be the only predictor of TAN positivity. These results raise the question as to whether TAN, as part of </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the tumor microenvironment, have a role in the aggressiveness and progression of TN tumors and thus warrant further investigation in this breast cancer subtype, particularly in relation to response to treatment and prognosis. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50784_b378a1ceff9453591ea8df450f105b67.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Evaluation on Efficacy and Safety of Arsenic Trioxide Plus Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Versus Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization alone for Unresectable Primary Liver Cancer269527015093710.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2695ENHai-TaoYangDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China.Si-JingZhouDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China.Rui-FenShenDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China.Shui-MeiLuoDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China.Li-NaLiDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China.HengLinDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China.Department of Oncology, Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital, Fuzhou, 350008, ChinaHui-JuanChenDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China.Zi-yuanLiaoDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China.Wan-ZunLinDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China.Xian-HeXIeDepartment of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China.Journal Article20170408 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Currently, some clinical trials of arsenic trioxide (As203) plus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of unresectable primary liver cancer (PLC) had been conducted, but the results were controversial. </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis on 14 clinical trials (1076 cases) to evaluate efficacy and safety of As203 </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">plus TACE versus TACE alone for unresectable PLC. The primary end points included objective response rate (ORR), karnofsky performance score (KPS) improvement rate, and 1-year survival rate. The second end points were adverse events consisting of leukopenia, liver dysfunction, nausea/vomiting, fever, myelosuppression and pain. Our study </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">showed that, compared with TACE alone, As203 plus TACE appeared a significant benefit on ORR (RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.15,1.50, P < 0.0001), KPS improvement rate (RR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03,1.48, P = 0.02) and 1-year survival rate (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.15,1.49, P < 0.0001). Additionally, no remarkable difference of adverse events were observed between two arms: leukopenia (RR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.90,2.32, P = 0.13), liver dysfunction (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.76,1.21, P = 0.71), nausea/vomiting (RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.84,1.44, P = 0.48), fever (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.82,1.61, P = 0.43), myelosuppression (RR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.74,1.56, P = 0.72) and pain (RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.57,1.36, P = 0.57). This study demonstrated that As203 plus TACE produced a favorable efficacy without enhancing adverse events and was a </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">promising combination therapy option for unresectable PLC. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50937_5b7c597592c8081e86a822922eaf2f03.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Pegfilgrastim Versus Filgrastim for Primary Prophylaxis of Febrile Neutropenia in Patients with non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Cost-Effectiveness Study270327074825610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2703ENRaminRavangardDepartment of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Health Human Resource Research Center, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.NajmeBordbarDepartment of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.KhosroKeshavarzHealth Human Resource Research Center, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.MehdiDehghaniDepartment of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hematology research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.0000-0002-2979-0865Journal Article20170410 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Aim: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">One method to deal with febrile neutropenia is the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factors (G-CSFs). </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Pegfilgrastim or Filgrastim injection can lead to a reduction in febrile neutropenia and severe neutropenia in patients receiving chemotherapy. This study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of using Pegfilgrastim, 3-day Filgrastim </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and 1-day Filgrastim medication strategies for the primary prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia in patients with relapsed </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma after salvage chemotherapy who referred to two referral centers affiliated to Iran, Shiraz </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">University of Medical Sciences in 2014. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Method: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This cost-effectiveness study was conducted on 131 patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The outcome of the study was the prevention of febrile neutropenia. The cost data were collected from the health payer’s perspective for each medication strategy by reviewing the patients’ medical records and using expert opinion. The results were presented in terms of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the sensitivity analysis was used to assess the robustness of results. In this study, the collected data were analyzed </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">using Excel 2007 and Tree-age 2011. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results showed that the degrees of febrile neutropenia prevented by </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Pegfilgrastim, 3-day Filgrastim and 1-day Filgrastim strategies were 0.97, 0.95 and 0.83, respectively, and the average annual costs of hospitalization per patient were, 5299, 4959 and 5808 PPP$. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results showed that </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">while 1-day Filgrastim was absolutely predominant, using the 3-day Filgrastim and Pegfilgrastim strategies were more cost-effective. Therefore, they can be recommended respectively as the first and second treatment priorities in patients </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma after salvage chemotherapy. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_48256_42312cd439215af6b296eab3b02defbf.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Bayesian Inference on Malignant Breast Cancer in Nigeria: A Diagnosis of MCMC Convergence270927165114110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2709ENRopo EbenezerOgunsakinStatistics Department, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa.LougueSiakaStatistics Department, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa.Journal Article20170423 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">There has been no previous study to classify malignant breast tumor in details based on Markov Chain </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Monte Carlo (MCMC) convergence in Western, Nigeria. This study therefore aims to profile patients living with benign </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and malignant breast tumor in two different hospitals among women of Western Nigeria, with a focus on prognostic factors and MCMC convergence. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A hospital-based record was used to identify prognostic factors for malignant breast cancer among women of Western Nigeria. This paper describes Bayesian inference and demonstrates its usage to estimation of parameters of the logistic regression via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. The result of the Bayesian approach is compared with the classical statistics. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The mean age of the respondents was 42.2 ±16.6 years with 52% of the women aged between 35-49 years. The results of both techniques </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">suggest that age and women with at least high school education have a significantly higher risk of being diagnosed with </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">malignant breast tumors than benign breast tumors. The results also indicate a reduction of standard errors is associated </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">with the coefficients obtained from the Bayesian approach. In addition, simulation result reveal that women with at </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">least high school are 1.3 times more at risk of having malignant breast lesion in western Nigeria compared to benign breast lesion. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We concluded that more efforts are required towards creating awareness and advocacy campaigns on how the prevalence of malignant breast lesions can be reduced, especially among women. The application of Bayesian produces precise estimates for modeling malignant breast cancer. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51141_b386ad57e20da577e96b32882cfca6ff.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001The DNA Methyltransferase 3B -149 Genetic Polymorphism Modulates Lung Cancer Risk from Smoking271727235112510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2717ENChung-YuLaiInstitute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.Department of Surgery, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.Center for General Education, Chung Shan Medical University,Taichung, Taiwan.Chia-ChenHuangDepartment of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.Chin HungTsaiDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.Jiun YaoWangDepartment of Family Medicine, Cheng Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.Chih LingKerrDepartment of Surgery, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.Yi YuChenDepartment of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.Yan WeiCaiDepartment of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.Ruey-HongWongDepartment of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.Journal Article20170423 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Smoking can cause increase of DNA methylation and hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, this possible contributing to subsequent lung cancer development. DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) is crucial in regulation of DNA methylation and it has been proposed that green tea might lower cancer risk through inhibiting its activity. Here, we designed a case-control study to investigate whether the DNMT3B -149 genetic polymorphism could modulate lung cancer risk due to smoking. Possible interactions of smoking and green tea consumption with this DNMT3B genetic polymorphism were also assessed. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 190 lung cancer patients and 380 healthy controls were recruited. Questionnaires were administered to obtain data on sociodemographic and lifestyle </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">variables, as well as family history of lung cancer. Genotypes for DNMT3B -149 were identified by polymerase chain </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">reaction. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Smoking, green tea consumption, exposure to cooking fumes, family history of lung cancer, and </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the DNMT3B -149 genotype (odds ratio (OR)=2.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-6.10) were all significantly </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">associated with the development of lung cancer. Smokers carrying the DNMT3B -149 TT genotype were at elevated risk compared to non-smokers carrying DNMT3B -149 (OR=7.69; 95% CI 2.55-23.14). Interaction of smoking with </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">DNMT3B -149 genotypes was significant regarding lung cancer risk. However, interaction between green tea drinking </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and DNMT3B -149 genotypes was not. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The DNMT3B -149 TT genotype might increase the smoking-associated lung cancer risk. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51125_ae38958761ffd5eae3de4c28ab01509a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Free Radical Scavenging Properties of Annona squamosa272527315078510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2725ENBibaVikasDivision of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India.0000-0001-6489-6385AkhilB SDivision of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India.RemaniPDivision of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India.KSujathanDivision of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India.0000-0001-9599-7752Journal Article20170601 <br /> <em><span style="font-size: small;">Annona squamosa </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">has extensively been used in the traditional and folkloric medicine and found to possess many biological activities. Different solvents, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">Annona squamosa </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">seeds (ASPE, ASCH, ASEA, ASME) have been used to prepare plant extracts. The present investigations dealt with the free radical scavenging activity of four extracts using various techniques such as total reducing power estimation, total phenolic count, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect, evaluation of ABTS cation decolorisation capacity, FRAP assay, hdroxyl radical scavenging assay, super oxide assay and Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay of the extracts. The results showed that the four extracts of </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">Annona squamosa </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">showed significant </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">reducing power in four extracts. The total phenolic contents in petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">extracts and positive control were 0.64±0.17, 0.54±0.27, 0.49±0.24, 0.57±0.22 and 0.66±0.33. The antioxidant capacity by ABTS assay of ASPE, ASCH, ASEA, ASME and positive control, trolox showed 77.75±0.5,73.25±1.7,78.5± 1.2 , 80 ± 0.8 μg/ml and 94.2 ± 0.9 respectively. The (50 % scavenging activity) SA</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">50 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of ASPE and ASCH, ASEA and ASME was </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">found to be 34.4 μg/ml, 43.8 μg/ml 34.7 μg/m and 28.8 μg/ml respectively by DPPH assay. The percentage of </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">hydroxyl radical scavenging increased with the increasing concentration of the extracts. ASPE, ASCH, ASEA and </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">ASME showed superoxide radical scavenging activity, as indicated by their values 66 ± 0.5, 68 ± 1 ,63 ± 1 and 70 ± 0.5 μg/ml respectively compared to gallic acid which was 97 ± 0.5 μg/ml. The values for scavenging of nitric oxide for ASPE, ASCH, ASEA and ASME were 91.0 ± 1.0, 66.75 ± 0.5, 71.75 ± 1.1 and 75.75 ± 1.15 μg/ml while value for standard ascorbic acid was 91.0 ± 1.0 μg/ml. The results revealed strong antioxidants in four extracts may lead to the </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">development of potent antioxidant agents from </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">Annona squamosa </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">seeds. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50785_ef69ed214f85a1f3d82ade31e64001e0.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Colorectal Cancer Incidence Trend and Projections in Tunisia (1994 - 2024)273327395112610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2733ENHouyemKhiariDepartment of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiez Institute of Tunis, Tunisia.Hizem WidedBen AyoubDepartment of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiez Institute of Tunis, Tunisia.HajerBen KhadhraDepartment of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiez Institute of Tunis, Tunisia.MohamedHsairiDepartment of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiez Institute of Tunis, Tunisia.Journal Article20170612 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objectives: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this study was to describe trends of colorectal cancer incidence during the period 1994-2009 and to generate projections until 2024. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The North-Tunisia Cancer Registry (NTCR) was the source of data for patients with CRC. This registry lists, since 1994, cases of malignant tumors in people living in North Tunisia, including </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the District of Tunis, the north east and the north west. Cases were classified using the International Classification </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of Diseases for Oncology. Data were analyzed using R software and Joinpoint one was employed to analyse trends. Projections were performed using the Age Period Cohort based on poisson regression. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">During the period 1994 to 2009, 6,909 new cases of CRC were registered in Northern Tunisia. The age standardized incidence rate (ASR) </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">increased significantly from 6.4/100,000 in 1994 to 12.4/100,000 in 2009. Trends in CRC incidence was significantly </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">rising with an annual percentage change (APC) of + 3,9% [2.8% -5.1%]. Without effective interventions, the predicted </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CRC ASR would be 39.3/100,000 [CI 95%: 32,9/100,000 - 48,8/100,000] in 2024. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The incidence of colorectal cancer is clearly increasing in Tunisia. Strengthening of screening and primary prevention measures is to be recommended. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51126_85d5a9f911d05514ce460c3edd41eda4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Outcomes of High Risk Patients with Febrile Neutropenia at a Tertiary Care Center274127455114910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2741ENAsif HusainOsmaniDepartment of Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.Adnan AbdulJabbarDepartment of Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.Manesh KumarGangwaniDepartment of Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.BilalHassanDepartment of Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.Journal Article20170613 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Fever during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Mortality depends on the duration and degree of neutropenia, bacteremia, sepsis, performance status, comorbidities and other parameters. The highest mortality rates in cancer patients hospitalized with febrile neutropenia (FN) are observed in those with documented infection. The objectives of the study were to present available tools for risk assessment, to review pathogens causing infections in adult FN patients and to assess outcomes. </span><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Methods: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: small;">This cross sectional study was conducted on adult culture positive FN patients admitted to the Hematology/Oncology service at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2012. High-</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">risk criteria were defined as profound neutropenia, short latency from a previous chemotherapy cycle, sepsis or </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">clinically documented infection at presentation, severe co-morbidity and a performance status greater than or equal to 3. All types of organisms in blood culture and the outcomes of the patients were recorded on Proforma. </span><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Results: </span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 156 patients with culture-positive febrile neutropenia were identified during the study period. The mean age was 47 years with a slight male predominance of 54%. One hundred and sixteen patients fulfilled the criteria for </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">the high risk group. Fifty two percent had a single high risk factor and 40 % had two. All patients harbored either single or multiple bacterial organisms including gram positive, gram negative or both types. Some 34% of patients had gram positive bacteremia, 57 % had gram negative and 9 % were infected with both. Among 73 gram positive cultures 44 % were Staphylococcus species and among 123 gram negative cultures 43 % were E. coli. One hundred </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and fifteen patients recovered uneventfully and could be discharged. Thirty two patients in the high risk and 9 in the </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">low risk groups deceased with an overall mortality of 26 %. The mean hospital stays of patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies were 7.58 and 15.0 days, respectively. Mortality was higher in the latter group, and also in high risk patients with both gram positive and negative bacteremia. </span><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: small;">We emphasize the importance of </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">risk stratification and continuous surveillance of the spectrum of locally prevalent pathogens and their susceptibility </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">patterns for formulation of therapeutic regimens for febrile neutropenic patients. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51149_70d404b82da60123b3f43606fbacc07e.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Inconsistencies of Breast Cancer Risk Factors between the Northern and Southern Regions of Vietnam274727545084710.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2747ENPhuong Dung (Yun)TrieuFaculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney
75 East street, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia.Department of Medical Imaging, Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy
217 Hong Bang street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.ClaudiaMello-ThomsFaculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney
75 East street, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia.Jennifer KPeatAustralian Catholic University
1100 Nudgee Road, Banyo Queensland, Australia.Thuan DoanDoDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital
30 Cau Buou, Thanh Tri, Hanoi, VietnamPatrick CBrennanFaculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney
75 East street, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia.Journal Article20170624 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In recent decades the amount of new breast cancer cases in the southern region has been reported to increase more rapidly than in the northernVietnam. The aim of this study is to compare breast cancer risk factors </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">between the two regions and establish if westernized influences have an impact on any reported differences. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Method: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Data was collected from the two largest oncology hospitals in the north and the south of Vietnam in 2015. Breast density, demographic, reproductive and lifestyle data of 127 cases and 269 controls were collected in the north and 141 cases and 250 controls were gathered from the south. Baseline differences in factors between cases and age-matched controls in each region were assessed using chi-square tests and independent t-tests. Odds ratios (OR) for independent risk factors for breast cancer were obtained from conditional logistic regression. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In northern Vietnam significantly increased risks in developing breast cancer were observed for women with age at first menstrual period less than 14 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">years old (OR=2.1; P<0.05), post-menopausal status (OR=2.6; P<0.0001), having less than 2 babies (OR=2.1; P<0.05). Southern Vietnamese women having a breast density of more than 75% (OR=2.1; P<0.01), experiencing post-menopause (OR=1.6; P<0.05), having a history of less than 3 pregnancies (OR=2.6; P<0.0001) and drinking more than a cup of coffee per day (OR=1.9; P<0.05) were more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We found that women living in the south had some breast cancer associations, such as increased mammographic density and coffee consumption, which are closer to the risks in westernized populations than women in the north. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50847_6f79611741b536a27df50f7fe87560c7.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Knowledge and Perceptions of Common Breast Cancer Risk Factors in Northern Saudi Arabia275527615097710.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2755ENAli GhannamAlrashidiCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.Hussain GadelkarimAhmedCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.Kalaf Jaze KalafAlshammeriCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.Sami AwejanAlrashediCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.Bassam AhmedALmutlaqCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.Fayez Nashi MotlaqAlshammariCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.Abdulaziz Abdulrahman HamadAlshudayyidCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.Abdulrahman Ayed JazzaAlshammariCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.Fahad Mohammed SamranAnaziCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.Wasmiah MarzouqAlshammariCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.Hamdan Sulaiman AyedAlShammariCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.Eid Fahad HabeebAlshammariCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20170625 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women around the world. The degree of adoption of a preventive lifestyle offers valuable information for planning appropriate intervention programs for improving women’s health. The objective of the present study was to assess the levels of breast cancer related knowledge </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">among a Northern Saudi population. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methodology: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In this cross sectional study, data were obtained from 566 Saudi volunteers living in the city of Hail, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">With regard to breast cancer risk </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">factors, 427/566 (75.4%) of participants answered in the affirmative to whether breast cancer could be inherited. For early puberty and late menopause, 209/566 (37%) were in agreement with increased risk, for low and delayed child birth, 261/566 (46%), and for overweight and obesity, 210/566(37%). For the question of whether natural breast feeding can reduce the risk of breast cancer, only 35/566 (6.2%) said yes. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">There is a general lack of knowledge </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">regarding several BC risk factors among the northern Saudi community which necessitates urgent implementation of </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">educational programs. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50977_51071ef1e10db7b42b9f5d382608890d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Factors Associated with a Lack of Knowledge of Performing Breast Self-Examination and Unawareness of Cervical Cancer Screening Services: Evidence from the 2015 Egypt Health Issues Survey276327695073410.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2763ENRami H.Al-RifaiInstitute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al–Ain, United Arab
Emirates.TomLoneyInstitute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al–Ain, United Arab
Emirates.Journal Article20170701 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The incidence of breast and cervical cancers is growing rapidly among Egyptian women. In this context, we assessed the prevalence of, and factors associated with the lack of knowledge among Egyptian females of performing breast self–examination (BSE) and unawareness of cervical smear cancer screening services. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Secondary data analysis was performed on a representative population-based sample of 7,518 Egyptian females aged 15–59 years from the 2015 Egypt Health Issues Survey (EHIS). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were used to explore the relationship between sociodemographic variables and having a lack of knowledge of performing BSE or unaware of cervical smear cancer screening service amongst 6,572 and 6,942 Egyptian females aged 21–59 years, respectively. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Mean age of females was 36.9 years with 62% aged between 21–39 years. The proportion of women with a lack of knowledge of performing BSE or who were unaware of cervical smear cancer screening service was 87.4% and 92.3%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding of sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, young women aged 21–29 years (P<0.001), primary education or below (P<0.001), residing in rural areas (aOR, 1.37 and 1.48, P=0.001), accessing different media outlets "not at all or less than once a week" (aOR, 2.81 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">and 1.46, P≤0.05), were associated with a greater likelihood of being with lack knowledge of performing BSE or being </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">unaware of cervical smear cancer screening services. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In a country burdened with breast and cervical cancers, the majority of Egyptian women have a lack of knowledge on how to perform BSE or were unaware of the available cervical smear cancer screening services. Robust health campaigns are warranted to raise public knowledge of the method of BSE and of cervical smear cancer screening services, especially amongst females aged less than 30 years, with low levels of education, or those living in rural areas. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50734_a7df99971506d5c5fc921cee06d3a5cb.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Knowledge Attitude and Practice of Colorectal Cancer among School Teachers in Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia277127745084810.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2771ENAbdulaziz KAl-ThafarMedical intern, King Faisal University, college of medicine, Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia.Abdullah FAl-NaimMedical intern, King Faisal University, college of medicine, Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia.Daood SAlbgesMedical intern, King Faisal University, college of medicine, Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia.Saad KBoqursainMedical intern, King Faisal University, college of medicine, Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia.Abdulaziz SAldhafarGeneral surgery resident, King Fahad Hospital in Alhofuf, Saudi Arabia.Seba MGhreizFaculty Department of Family and Community, King Faisal University, College of Medicine, Al-Ahsa,, Saudi Arabia.SayedIbrahimFaculty Department of Family and Community, King Faisal University, College of Medicine, Al-Ahsa,, Saudi Arabia.0000-0002-8808-6296Journal Article20170702 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of deaths among cancers affecting both men and women in the United States. Annually, about 140,000 Americans are diagnosed with colorectal cancer, and more than 50,000 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">people die from it. In Saudi Arabia, this cancer ranks first among men and third among women. Nevertheless, this type </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this study was to assess the level of colorectal cancer awareness among teaching staff (educators) in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methodology: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The current cross-sectional study was conducted in teaching staff in Al-Ahsa, Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, from February 2017 to May 2017. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and SPSS (version 24) was run for data analysis. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Result: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 367 teachers (165 males and 202 females) were recruited for the present investigation. The participants aged from 25 to 55 years and most of them were married (87%). The majority had inadequate knowledge </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">about risk factors of colon cancer. No significant difference was observed between people living in urban and rural areas regarding knowledge of risk factors for colorectal cancer (p≥0.05). Concerning colorectal cancer screening tests, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">39% of men and 42% of women were unaware ; although, 12.8% of the participants reported a positive family history of colon cancer. In General, participants with higher education level had higher level of awareness on colon cancer. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The findings of this study demonstrated that most of educators, including men and women are unaware </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of colon cancer risk factor. Furthermore, their knowledge of colon cancer signs, symptoms, and screening methods were </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">inadequate. With respect to our findings, enhancement of colon cancer knowledge among educators is recommended </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">using health education campaign in Al-Ahsa. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50848_61aa2a1ed5e9d7d4c02edb0640eee6a6.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Survey of Cancer Patient Safety Culture: A Comparison of Chemotherapy and Oncology Departments of Teaching Hospitals of Tehran277527795078710.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2775ENPouranRaeissiDepartment of Health Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MarziyeSharifiDepartment of Health Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, International Campus (IUMS-IC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran.OmidKhosravizadehHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-6893-3489MohammadHeidariDepartment of Medical and Surgical, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.0000-0001-7767-5645Journal Article20170704 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Patient safety culture plays an important role in healthcare systems, especially in chemotherapy and oncology departments (CODs), and its assessment can help to improve quality of services and hospital care. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This study aimed to evaluate and compare items and dimensions of patient safety culture in the CODs of selected teaching hospitals of Iran and Tehran University of Medical Sciences. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted during a six-month period on 270 people from chemotherapy and oncology departments selected through a cluster sampling method. All participants answered the standard questionnaire for "Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture" (HSOPSC). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS/18 software. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The average </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">score for patient safety culture was three for the majority of the studied CODs. Statistically significant differences were </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">observed for supervisor actions, teamwork within various units, feedback and communications about errors, and the level of hospital management support. (p<0.05). Relationships between studied hospitals and patient safety culture were not </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">statistically significant (p>0.05). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our results showed that the overall status of patient safety culture is not good in the studied CODs. In particular, teamwork across different units and organizational learning with continuous improvement were the only two properly operating items among 12 dimensions of patient safety culture. Therefore, systematic interventions are strongly required to promote communication. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50787_1c2de5d74828fca412c21ce44ae847ef.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001p16 Tumor Suppressor Gene Methylation in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: A Study of 88 Cases at Two Hospitals in the East Coast of Malaysia278127855078610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2781ENLailatul JalilahMohd RidahDepartment of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.NorlelawatiA. TalibDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.NazninMuhammadDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.Faezahtul ArbaeyahHussainDepartment of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.0000-0003-3899-8833NorafizaZainuddinDepartment of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.Journal Article20170705 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Introduction: </span></strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p16 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">gene plays an important role in the normal cell cycle regulation. Methylation of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p16 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">has been reported to be one of the epigenetic events contributing to the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) which occurring at varying frequency. DLBCL is an aggressive and high-grade malignancy which accounts for approximately 30% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases. However, little is known regarding the epigenetic alterations of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p16 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">gene in DLBCL cases in Malaysia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the status of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p16 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">methylation in DLBCL. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 88 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded DLBCL tissues retrieved </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">from two hospitals located in the east coast of Malaysia, namely Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA) Pahang and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) Kelantan, were chosen for this study. DNA specimens were isolated and </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">subsequently subjected to bisulfite treatment prior to methylation specific-PCR. Two pairs of primers were used to </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">amplify methylated and unmethylated regions of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p16 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">gene. The PCR products were then separated using agarose gel electrophoresis and visualised under UV illumination. SPSS version 12.0 was utilised to perform all statistical analysis. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Result: </span></strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p16 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">methylation was detected in 65 of 88 (74%) samples. There was a significant association between </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p16 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">methylation status and patients aged >50 years old (p=0.04). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our study demonstrated that methylation of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p16 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">tumor suppressor gene in our DLBCL cases is common and significantly increased among patients aged 50 years </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and above. Aging is known to be an important risk factor in the development of cancers and we speculate that this might be due to the increased transformation of malignant cells in aging cell population. However, this has yet to be </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">confirmed with further research and correlate the findings with clinicopathological parameters. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50786_743e10bba6a305c84441db54a46fbb69.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Impact of a Stress Management Intervention Program on Sexual Functioning and Stress Reduction in Women with Breast Cancer278727935062510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2787ENArezooShayanInstructor of Midwifery, Mother and child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.FarkhondehJamshidiInstructor of Occupational Therapy, Department of occupational therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.VahidTahmasebiboldajiM.A Graduate in Clinical Psychology, Hamadan, Iran.SomayehKhaniStudent of Midwifery, Students Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.MaryamBabaeiInstructor of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Azad University of Tuyserkan, Hamadan, Iran.Mohamad RezaHavasianDepartment of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.Seyedeh ZahraMasoumiMother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.Journal Article20170706 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Breast cancer as the most common cancer among women endangers various aspects of their sexual lives and is a major culprit regarding health impairment and low life quality. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a stress management intervention program on sexual functioning and stress reduction in women with breast cancer. This study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test design which included follow-up checks and a control group. To this end, 104 women with breast cancer referring to Hamadan’s Mahdiyeh MRI Center at the time of data collection were conventionally selected in 2015. Using permuted blocks, they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n= 52), only the former receiving stress management counseling for 18 hours. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire, and Harry’s stress questionnaire, filled out by patients before and after the intervention. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and two-way ANOVA were used. The results showed that cognitive - behavioral stress management group therapy improved total sexual functioning and its subscales. After the treatment, there was a significant difference in mean scores between the groups (p=0.01). Moreover, significant differences were observed in the mean scores for stress with improvement in the experimental group in post-test results. Cognitive - behavioral group therapy for stress management was thuis found to improve total sexual functioning and its subscales and reduce the level of stress in the experimental group after the intervention and follow-up period with an interval of two weeks. Therefore, this method can be used as a complementary therapy along with medical treatment in oncology centers. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50625_9c81f0709f8305083cb32c132874969c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Novel IRF-1 Mutations in a Small Cohort of Leukaemia Patients From Saudi Arabia279528015114510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2795ENKhaldoonAlsammanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.XiuliZhangCollege of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, China.ChittibabuVatteDepartment of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.MohammadAl HamadDepartment of Pathology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.Omar SEl-masryDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt.Amani YOwaidahDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.FaisalAlzahraniDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.YaoLinCollege of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, China.Journal Article20170715 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Involvement of the Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF-1) gene in regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation made it a potential target in cancer research. IRF-1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene, and is inactivated in chronic (CML) and non-chronic myelogenous leukemia (non-CML). In the light of numerous reports on genetic changes in the noncoding region of the IRF-1 gene, this study aimed to explore possible genomic changes in coding and non-coding regions of IRF-1 in a random sample of leukemic Saudi patients, in order to obtain insights into potential impact of genetic changes on clinicopathological characteristics. Patients were classified into two major leukemia subtypes: CML (8 cases; 36.4%) and non-CML (14 cases; 63.6%). Sequencing results revealed two novel mutations in the coding area of the IRF-1 gene likely to influence the IRF-1/DNA binding affinity. In addition, three mutational sites in the non-coding region between exon 5&6 (8985(T>G), 8,990(T>G) and 8995(A>G) were identified. In conclusion, a larger representative study might help provide better understanding of the possible contribution of the identified genetic changes in IRF-1 to disease prognosis and outcomes in leukemic patients. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51145_2f11c6c6b4287498bef11c418ddb88b9.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Prediction of Response to Irinotecan and Drug Toxicity Based on Pharmacogenomics Test: A Prospective Case Study in Advanced Colorectal Cancer280328075016010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2803ENAmirEmamiHematology-Medical Oncology Department Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SanambarSadighiHematology-Medical Oncology Department Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.RezaShirkoohiGroup of Genetics, Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MohhamadMohagheghiSurgery-Oncology Department, Cancer Research Center, Cancer institute of Iran, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170718 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">FOLFIRI regimen, which is composed of 5-FU, Leucovorin, and Irinotecan, is used in the first-line </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan life threatening toxicity is partly related to cytotoxic drug metabolite which is primarily inactivated by the UGT1A1 enzyme. The primary aim of the present research was to </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">find the correlation between UGT1A1-genotype and clinical toxicity of irinotecan. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In a prospective study from March 2011 to December 2013, all patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who had been referred to Medical </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Oncology Department of Iran Cancer Institute were genotyped for UGT1A1*28 before the first cycle of chemotherapy. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">All of the patients signed informed consent and trial approved by Ethics Committee of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Reduction of the standard dose of Irinotecan (180 mg/m2 body surface area) was measured based </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">on NCI toxicity criteria after the first cycle of chemotherapy. Patients with previous treatment with Oxaliplatin and fluorouracil (5-FU) in the adjuvant setting and adequate liver, kidney, and heart function were included in the trial. Both </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">synchronous and metachronous metastatic disease were noticeable. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 50 patients with median age of 52 years were included. Most (70%) of the patients had more than one site of metastases in peritoneum, liver, and/or lung. Thirty-one patients had UGT1A1*1 normal genotype, 13 were in heterozygote and 6 were in homozygote state ofUGT1A1*28/*28. A clinically relevant increase in early toxicity was found in patients carrying the UGT1A1*28/*28 genotype with odds Ratio (OR) of 2.6 (95%CI 2.5-27.28). Similarly, there was a trend of lower overall survival in </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">homozygote group with an HR (Hazardous Ratio) of 2.76 (95%CI .88-.61). No statistically significant relationship was </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">found between UGT1A1genotypes and response to therapy. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">UGT1A1 28*/28* is strongly associated with drug’s life-threatening toxicity even in a moderate dose of Irinotecan. On the other hand, UGT1A1 genotype data was not helpful to differentiate response to treatment. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50160_dab706ae6c23c47acd2e281c14fc2dd0.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients in the Levant280928165104610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2809ENReemAkelDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut,
Lebanon.0000-0001-6459-7414HaidarEl DarsaDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut,
Lebanon.BilalAnoutiDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut,
Lebanon.DeborahMukherjiDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut,
Lebanon.0000-0002-0192-5828SallyTemrazDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut,
Lebanon.RashaRaslanDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut,
Lebanon.ArafatTfayliDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut,
Lebanon.0000-0002-0633-2538HazemAssiDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut,
Lebanon.0000-0002-8483-0938Journal Article20170720 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Limited data are currently available regarding the psychological well-being and quality of life of breast cancer patients after active treatment in Lebanon and the Arab region in general. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among Arab breast cancer patients and assess the quality of life with reference to socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This cross-sectional study was conducted among female breast cancer patients diagnosed between January 2009 and March 2014, who were recruited from the outpatient clinics of Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) from November 2015 till December 2016. An interview was conducted utilizing two validated questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B). Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics that might predict patient quality of life were collected and summarized. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 150 patients were interviewed (median age 53.5±10.4 years). Most were assessed 3 to 5 years (68.7%) after initial diagnosis and had undergone surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or hormonal therapy (97.3%, 79.3%, 80.7% and 86.0%, respectively). The median total HADS score was 10.0 ± 8.0, with approximately 41.3% of study participants </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">having abnormal scores on the anxiety subscale and 24.7% on the depression subscale. Significant predictors of total </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HADS score were nationality and level of education (p=0.001, p=0.001 respectively; R</span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">=0.181). Participants who were Iraqi, had stage IV disease, had a household monthly income below 1000 USD, or had received chemotherapy exhibited </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">significantly lower total FACT-B scores, these being highly negatively correlated with total HADS scores (r</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">s</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">= -0.73, p=0.001). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">There is a vital need for the development of individualized interventions and psychosocial support programs tailored to the physical and psychological well-being of breast cancer patients in the Levant region. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51046_2294f09503d25d9aa2b5e07b57164463.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Prognostic Factors of Adrenocortical Carcinoma: An Analysis of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Database281728235114710.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2817ENSenWangDepartment of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.San-SanChenDepartment of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.Wei-ChengGaoDepartment of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.LiangBaiDepartment of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.LiLuoDepartment of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.Xiang-GuangZhengDepartment of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.YouLuoDepartment of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.Journal Article20170729 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">To define the prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Patients and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (1973-2014) to identify ACC patients. Correlated variables, including age, sex, race, tumor laterality, marital status at diagnosis, treatment of primary site, lymph node dissection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, tumor </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">size and tumor stage, were extracted. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to define the prognostic </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">factors. Harrell’s concordance index (C index) was calculated to evaluate the discrimination ability for the prognostic predictive models. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">There were 749 ACC patients identified from the database. The overall median survival </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">time was 22 (95%CI, 18-25) months. In multivariate analysis, age, treatment, chemotherapy and tumor stage were </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">independent risk factors for both overall and cancer-specific survival. Tumor stage had a dominant effect on the cancer </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">prognosis. Additionally, the ENSAT stage had better discrimination than the AJCC stage group in different predictive models. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our study shows that age, treatment of primary site, chemotherapy and tumor stage were prognostic factors for overall and cancer-specific mortality in ACC patients. Among these factors, tumor stage had a dominant </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">effect. The ENSAT stage was more discriminative than the 7th AJCC stage group. Further multi-center prospective </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">validation is still needed to confirm these outcomes. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51147_9fc392cf2e4395dbe895f68c4c2ec304.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Long-Term Disease-Free Survival of Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients in Iran: A Survival Model with Competing Risks Taking Cure Fraction and Frailty into Account282528325112910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2825ENVahidGhavamiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MahmoodMahmoudiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AbbasRahimi ForoushaniDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-2443-7218HosseinBaghishaniDepartment of Applied Mathematics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.FatemehHomaei-ShandizCancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0002-7718-5387MehdiYaseriDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-4066-873XJournal Article20170730 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Introduction: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Survival modeling is a very important tool to detect risk factors and provide a basis for health care planning. However, cancer data may have properties leading to distorted results with routine methods. Therefore, this </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">study aimed to cover specific factors (competing risk, cure fraction and heterogeneity) with a real dataset of Iranian </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">breast cancer patients using a competing risk-cure-frailty model. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">For this historical cohort study, information for 550 Iranian breast cancer patients who underwent surgery for tumor removal from 2001 to 2007 and were followed up to March 2017, was analyzed using R 3.2 software. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In contrast to T-stage and N-stage, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">hormone receptor status did not have any significant effect on the cure fraction (long-term disease-free survival). However, T-stage, N-stage and hormone receptor status all had a significant effect on short-term disease-free survival </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">so that the hazard of loco-regional relapse or distant metastasis in cases positive for a hormone receptor was only 0.3 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">times that for their negative hormone receptor counterparts. The likelihood of locoregional relapse in the first quartile of follow up was nearly twice that of other quartiles. The least cumulative incidence of time to locoregional relapse was for cases with a positive hormone receptor, low N stage and low T stage. The effect of frailty term was significant in </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">this study and a model with frailty appeared more appropriate than a model without, based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC); values for the frailty model and one without the frailty parameter were 1370.39 and 1381.46, respectively. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The data from this study indicate ae necessity to consider competing risk, cure fraction and heterogeneity </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in survival modeling. The competing risk-cure-frailty model can cover complex situations with survival data. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51129_404f3eae141a6b1cb51eac6bdcc411fa.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Educational Intervention on Breast Self-Examination Behavior in Women Referred to Health Centers: Application of Health Belief Model283328385114310.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2833ENZahraKhiyaliDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.FarzanehAliyanDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.SeyyedHannanKashfiDepartment of Nursing , School of Nursing, Larestan, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.MortezaMansourianHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AliKhani JeihooniDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.Journal Article20170730 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Introduction and aims: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Screening can play a major role in reducing deaths associated with cancer. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a cheap, non-complicated and non-invasive method for breast cancer screening. This study aimed to examine the effects of an educational intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) on BSE behavior in women referred to health centers in Fasa, Iran. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 92 women, divided into an experimental and a control group. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, knowledge, HBM constructs and breast self-examination performance. An educational program was </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">performed in five sessions through group discussion with questions and answers and training videos for participants in the experimental group. Questionnaires were filled before and three months after the intervention in the two groups. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Data were analyzed with SPSS-22 software for descriptive and analytical statistics. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results of this study showed that the mean scores for knowledge, HBM constructs and self-examination behavior in the experimental group were elevated compared to the control group after the intervention (P<0.001). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Education based on the HBM is effective in promoting breast self-examination behavior. Thus development and implementation of training </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">programs based on the model are proposed for officers involved in education and health promotion in Iran. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51143_6796b2e30f5a8495e18c0fbaf958a70e.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Effectiveness of 7-Day and 14-Day Moxifloxacin-Dexlansoprazole Based Triple Therapy and Probiotic Supplement for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication in Thai Patients with Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study283928435085010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2839ENPeranartChotivitayatarakornGastroenterology Unit, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand.National Gastric Cancer and Gastrointestinal diseases Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand.VarochaMahachaiNational Gastric Cancer and Gastrointestinal diseases Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand.Gastrointestinal and Liver Center, Bangkok Medical Center, Bangkok, Thailand.Ratha-KornVilaichoneGastroenterology Unit, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand.National Gastric Cancer and Gastrointestinal diseases Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand.0000-0003-4298-9331Journal Article20170807 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">is important cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Moxifloxacin is </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">effective antibiotic for treatment for </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori. </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">However, there were limited studies as first line therapy. Probiotics had been shown to decrease therapy-related side-effect and increase eradication rate. Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of moxifloxacin-dexlansoprazole based triple therapy with probiotic for </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">treatment in Thailand. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Patients with </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. pylori </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">infected gastritis were randomized to receive 7- or 14-day moxifloxacin-dexlansoprazole based triple therapy with probiotic or placebo. Regimen consisted of 60 mg dexlansoprazole twice daily, 400mg moxifloxacin once daily, 1g clarithromycin MR once daily. Probiotic used in this study was 282.5mg </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in capsule prescribed twice daily. </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CYP2C19 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">genotyping, antibiotic susceptibility tests, and CagA genotyping were also done. Successful eradication was defined as a negative 13C-urea breath test at least 4 weeks after treatment. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Total of 108 subjects was enrolled (27 each to 7-and 14-day regimens with probiotic or placebo). Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed 29% fluoroquinolone, 19% metronidazole and 4% clarithromycin resistance. </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CYP2C19 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">genotyping demonstrated 43%, 47% and 11% were rapid, intermediate and poor metabolizers, respectively. CagA genes were positive in all patients. Eradication rates of 7-day and 14-day regimens with probiotic were 100%, and 93% respectively. There were no significant differences between eradication rate of 7-day and 14-day regimen with or without probiotics. Regarding side-effects, incidence of nausea, abdominal discomfort, bitter taste, and diarrhea were significantly lower in regimen with probiotic group compared with placebo(7.4%vs. 22.2%; p=0.028, 0.00%vs.14.8%; p=0.003, 35.2%vs.70.4%; p=0.0002, and 0.00%vs.9.3%; p=0.028, respectively). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">7-day moxifloxacin-dexlansoprazole therapy plus S. boulardii provide an reliable cure rate of H. pylori in non-ulcer dyspeptic patients in Thailand, independent of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CYP2C19 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">genotype. Probiotic adding also decreased side effects during the treatment. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50850_46048d68db7fc08f7d464549eaf224a5.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Inhibition of Topoisomerase IIα and Induction of Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Cells by 19-Triisopropyl Andrographolide284528515115310.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2845ENAdeepMongerToxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.NittayaBoonmuenDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.KanoknetrSuksenDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.RungnaphaSaeengDepartment of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.TeerapichKasemsukDepartment
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chanthaburi 22000, Thailand.PawineePiyachaturawatDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.WitchudaSaengsawangDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.ArthitChairoungduaToxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.Journal Article20170808 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Gastric cancer is the most common cancer in Eastern Asia. Increasing chemoresistance and general systemic toxicities have complicated the current chemotherapy leading to an urgent need of more effective agents. The present </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">study reported a potent DNA topoisomerase IIα inhibitory activity of an andrographolide analogue (19-triisopropyl </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">andrographolide, analogue-6) in gastric cancer cells; MKN-45, and AGS cells. The analogue was potently cytotoxic to both gastric cancer cell lines with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">50 </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">values) of 6.3±0.7 μM, and 1.7±0.05 μM at 48 h for MKN-45, and AGS cells, respectively. It was more potent than the parent andrographolide and the </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">clinically used, etoposide with the IC</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">50 </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">values of >50 μM in MKN-45 and 11.3±2.9 μM in AGS cells for andrographolide and 28.5±4.4 μM in MKN-45 and 4.08±0.5 μM in AGS cells for etoposide. Analogue-6 at 2 μM significantly inhibited DNA topoisomerase IIα enzyme in AGS cells, induced DNA damage, activated cleaved PARP-1, and Caspase3 leading </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">to late cellular apoptosis. Interestingly, the expression of tumor suppressor p53 was not activated. These results show </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the importance of 19-triisopropyl-andrographolide in its emerging selectivity to primary target on topoisomerase IIα enzyme, inducing DNA damage and apoptosis by p53- independent mechanism. Thereby, the results provide insights of the potential of 19-triisopropyl andrographolide as an anticancer agent for gastric cancer. The chemical transformation </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">of andrographolide is a promising strategy in drug discovery of a novel class of anticancer drugs from bioactive natural products. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51153_47267cf40ce8955821c6c8577663d182.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001A Large Scale Study of the Epidemiology and Risk Factors for the Carcinogenic Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini in Udon Thani Province, Thailand285328605085210.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2853ENSuksantiPrakobwongDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, Thailand.Northeast Liver Fluke Research and Outreach Unit, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, Thailand.ApipornSuwannatraiDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.AcharaSancomerangNa-Di Hospital of Health Promotion, Muang district, Udon Thani, Thailand.SuwitChaipiboolNong-Sang Hospital of Health Promotion, Nong Wua Sor district, Udon Thani, Thailand.NgampisSiriwechtumrongKhu-Kaew Hospital, Provincial Health Office, Ministry of Public Health, Udon Thani, Thailand.Journal Article20170812 <em><span style="font-size: small;">Opisthorchis viverrini </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">infection and cholangiocarcinoma are serious problems in South East Asia. This study aimed </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">to find the prevalence of opisthorchiasis in various hosts in Udon Thani Province. Total fecal samples were collected </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">from 14,766 participants. The epidemiological data collected and analysed included prevalence and intensity of infection. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to determine the associations between cross sectional data and to predict possible risk factors. The prevalence of </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">O. viverrini </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">infection in Udon Thani Province averaged 15.3% (eggs per gram (epg.) = 48.9 and range; 12-1,320), with differences between villages (range; 3.8%-79.8%). An age-dependence for infection was observed to increase from ages 25 to 50 years and then decrease for older participants. A univariate analysis identified risk parameters including age (p = 0.040; OR = 3.9 (95% CI = 1.2-7.5)), education (p<0.0001; OR = 7.3 (95% CI = 1.8-21.6)) and eating habits (p = 0.032; OR = 1.6 (95% CI = 0.5-3.7)). Interestingly, most participants were not aware of treatments such as praziquantel (p< 0.0001; OR = 3.5 (95% CI = 1.4-11.6)), had no history of parasitic treatment (p = 0.486; OR = 1.5 (95% CI = 0.5-3.5)) and had eaten raw fish (p = 0.04; OR = 7.4 (95% CI = 1.5-18.6)). Liver fluke infection in dogs (18.1%, epg. = 44.7, range; 32-96) was significantly higher than in cats (11.0%, epg. = 117.8, range; 44-372) (p<0.05). A positive association between </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">O. viverrini </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">infection in dogs and their owners was found. In addition, cyprinid </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">fish dominantly infected by metacercaria including </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">Henicorhynchus siamensis </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(27.7%), </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">Cyclocheilichthys repasson </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(21.9%), Hampala dispar (14.1%), and </span></span><em><span style="font-size: small;">Barbonymus gonionotus </span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(6.9%). This study provides basic information required </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">for the development of future effective and sustainable strategies to reduces infection rates, mainly by providing health education and encouraging behavioural changes. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50852_ab137ee7062bd328fe99354921fcc17f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001From Love and Fidelity to Infidelity- Individual Experiences of Women with Breast Cancer Regarding Relationships with Their Spouses286128665108110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2861ENHajarNouri SanchuliDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.MozhganRahnamaDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.HosseinShahdadiDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.MahdiehPoudineh MoghaddamDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.Journal Article20170812 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background and Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Breast cancer and its treatment processes not only involve the patients but also their spouses and can impact on mutual relationships. Spouses of women with breast cancer may experience devastating consequences of the disease in their marital and sexual relationships. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to investigate individual experiences of women with breast cancer in their relationships with their spouses. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This was a qualitative study with a conventional approach to content analysis. A purposive sampling method was used to select 12 patients with breast cancer visiting the Chemotherapy Clinic in Zabol in 2016. Semi-structured interviews were employed for data collection. Data trustworthiness was checked and data were analyzed based on the steps proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Ethical issues were considered. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Three main categories and ten sub-categories were extracted. The three main categories were surrounded by misery, from emotional to practical </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">companionship and influencebeing imposed upon someone else. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The findings showed paradoxical experiences of the women under study ranging from love and fidelity to infidelity. This indicates that some spouses </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">do not adequately support for their sick wives. Therefore, health professionals should provide support, guidance and training for couples, including sex therapy and counseling services, so that spouses can better support their wives. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51081_652ab5792b7261cdae002909f7ad9fca.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Economic Burden of Smoking in Iran: A Prevalence-Based Annual Cost Approach286728735062610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2867ENSatarRezaeiResearch Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.BehzadKarami MatinResearch Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.MohammadHajizadehSchool of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.MohammadBazyarDepartment of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.AliAkbari SariDepartment of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170820 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objectives: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The burden of smoking on the health system and society is significant. The current study aimed to </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">estimate the annual direct and indirect costs of smoking in Iran for the year 2014. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A prevalence-based disease-</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">specific approach was used to determine costs associated with the three most common smoking-related diseases: lung </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">cancer (LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Data on healthcare utilization were obtained from an original survey, hospital records and questionnaires. The number of deaths was extracted from the global burden diseases study (GBD). The human capital approach was applied to estimate the costs </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of morbidity and mortality due to smoking-related diseases, classified as direct (hospitalization, outpatients and non-</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">medical costs) and indirect (mortality and morbidity). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The total economic cost of the three most common smoking-attributable diseases in Iran was US$1.46 billion in 2014, including US$1.05 billion (71.7%) in indirect and US$0.41 billion (28.3%) in direct costs. Direct costs of the three smoking-related diseases accounted for 1.6% of total healthcare expenditures and total costs were about 0.26% of Iran’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2014. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our study indicated that smoking places a substantial economic burden on Iranian society. Therefore, sustained smoking cessation interventions and tobacco control policies are required to reduce the magnitude and extent of smoking-attributable costs in Iran. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50626_567c84e26a3a418ddc6ae7f6ca0caaa9.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Actual Daily Intakes of Tea Catechins and Thier Estimation According to Four Season 3 Day Weighed Dietary Records and a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire among Japanese Men and Women287528815097910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2875ENKaoriEndohLaboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.YujiMatsuiR and D, Department Research- Health Care Food Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.MasaoTakeshitaR and D, Department Research- Health Care Food Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.MitsuhiroKatashimaR and D, Department Research- Health Care Food Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.KoichiYasunagaR and D, Department Research- Health Care Food Research, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.KiyonoriKurikiLaboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.Journal Article20170823 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Tea catechins are considered to be important preventive factors of cancer on several organs; however, the relationships of the actual daily intakes (ADIs) on the preventive effects have not been adequately addressed. We measured the ADIs of tea catechins as annual averages derived from every their ingested cups recorded by each subject, and the estimation models were established considering tea origin. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Fifty-nine Japanese men and women completed four season 3 day weighed dietary records (WDRs) and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and samples of green, oolong and black teas, ingested during a total 12 days were collected for the analysis. The ADIs of the total and composed catechins of all tea samples were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography. The estimation models for the ADIs (R</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">: coefficient of determination) based on the WDRs and FFQ were established with multiple </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">regression analysis using appropriate confounding factors. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The ADIs of total catechins and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) were 110 and 21.4 mg/day in men and 157 and 34.7 mg/day in women, respectively. The total catechins ADIs were positively associated with green tea consumption based on WDRs and FFQ (adjusted R</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">=0.421 and 0.341 for men and 0.346 and 0.238 for women, p</span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We revealed the ADIs of total catechins and EGCg as annual averages could establish their estimation models. These provide reference information to clarify their relationships with cancer risks. </span></span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_50979_d64f9e4d1bd2444e1d4775ecb0ef6a4d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Preliminary Results: Colorectal Cancer Screening Using Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) in a Thai Population Aged 45-74 Years: A Population-Based Randomized Controlled Trial288328895111710.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2883ENPongdechSarakarnEpidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.0000-0002-0549-9993SupanneePromthetEpidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.0000-0001-5787-1948PatravootVatanasaptASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.Cancer Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.0000-0001-6037-8994NakhonTipsunthonsakKhon Kaen Regional Hospital, Khon Kaen Province, Khon Kaen, Thailand.KriangsakJenwitheesukDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.NaowaratManeeninEpidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.ChananyaJirapornkulEpidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.SiripornKamsa-ardEpidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.TiptiyaHaengsornNamphong District Hospital, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.ChannarongtArkkhabootNamphong District Health Center, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.SamLi-Sheng ChenCollege of Oral Medicine, School of Oral Hygiene, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.AmyMing-Fang YenCollege of Oral Medicine, School of Oral Hygiene, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.SherryYueh-Hsia ChiuDepartment of Health Care Management, College of Management, Chang Gung University,
Taiwan.JeanChing-Yuan FannDepartment of Health Industry Management, School of Healthcare Management, Kainan
University, Taiwan.TonyHsiu-Hsi ChenInstitute of Epidemiology and Prevention Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.Journal Article20170908 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this paper is to provide some details and the results to date of a colorectal cancer screening trial using a fecal immunochemical test (FIT). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A population-based randomized controlled trial began in May, 2016. All people aged 45 to 74 years living in Nam Phong District, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, and willing to participate are being recruited using an outreach method. Enrolled participants are randomly allocated by a computer-generated randomization program either to a study arm (receive sample kit for FIT) or to a control arm (no provision of kit). Positive FIT cases are subsequently confirmed by a colonoscopy examination, and negative FIT cases are re-tested with FIT every two years. The preliminary results to date were analysed using descriptive statistics. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 1,060 enrolled participants provided a complete set of data. Of those randomly assigned to the study arm and tested by FIT, 92 (8.7%) were found to be positive, 39 (11.5%) males and 53 (7.4%) females. The f-Hb concentrations at the 75th, 90th and 95th percentiles for all age groups were higher in males than in females, and the distributions of f-Hb concentration varied with age, especially at the 95th percentile where f-Hb concentrations increased with age. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The preliminary results of our screening trial have indicated that the prevalence of positive FIT cases is higher than in a similar recent and, at the time unique, previous study in Thailand. This finding is especially the case for males and those in the older age groups. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_51117_7f172ebe9759b3c07010d86eb0c344ac.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Retracted: siRNA Mediated Silencing of NIN1/RPN12 Binding Protein 1 Homolog Inhibits Proliferation and Growth of Breast Cancer Cells289128915196610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2891ENWei-YiHuangDong-HuiChenLiNingLi-WeiWangJournal Article20171112Retraction:<br /> Retracted: siRNA mediated silencing of NIN1/RPN12 binding protein 1 homolog inhibits proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells<br /> Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention has retracted the article titled “siRNA mediated silencing of NIN1/RPN12 binding protein 1 homolog inhibits proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells”(1) for reason of similarity with a series of articles identified by Byrne and Labbé (2).<br /> 1. Huang WY1, Chen DH, Ning L, Wang LW. siRNA mediated silencing of NIN1/RPN12 binding protein 1 homolog inhibits proliferation and growth of breast cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(5):1823-7.<br /> 2. J. A. Byrne and C. Labbé, “Striking similarities between publications from China describing single gene knockdown experiments in human cancer cell lines,” Scientometrics, vol. 110, no. 3, pp. 1471–1493, 2017.<br /> Authors did not respond to request for comment.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Retracted: Silencing of the COPS3 Gene by siRNA Reduces Proliferation of Lung Cancer Cells Most Likely via Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis289328935207710.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2893ENJournal Article20171117Retraction: Retracted: Silencing of the COPS3 Gene by siRNA Reduces Proliferation of Lung Cancer Cells Most Likely via Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention has retracted the article titled “Silencing of the COPS3 Gene by siRNA Reduces Proliferation of Lung Cancer Cells Most Likely via Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis”(1) for reason of similarity with a series of articles identified by Byrne and Labbé (2).
Xue-Mei Wang, Jiu-Wei Cui1&, Wei Li , Lu Cai, Wei Song , Guan-Jun Wang
1. Xue-Mei Wang, Jiu-Wei Cui1&, Wei Li , Lu Cai, Wei Song , Guan-Jun Wang. Silencing of the COPS3 Gene by siRNA Reduces Proliferation of Lung Cancer Cells Most Likely via Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(5):1823-7.
2. J. A. Byrne and C. Labbé, “Striking similarities between publications from China describing single gene knockdown experiments in human cancer cell lines,” Scientometrics, vol. 110, no. 3, pp. 1471–1493, 2017.
Authors did not respond to request for comment.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181020171001Retracted: Resveratrol inhibits oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation via AMP-activated protein kinase signaling289528955322510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2895ENJournal Article20171124Retraction: Retracted:Resveratrol inhibits oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation via AMP-activated protein kinase signaling<br /> Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (APJCP) has retracted the article titled “Resveratrol Inhibits Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma Cell Proliferation via AMP-activated Protein Kinase Signaling”(1) for reason of having duplicated contents brought to the attention of APJCP’s editorial office by the following email content:<br /> “Dear Editors of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, Clinical and Experimental Hypertension,<br /> I write to you from the editorial office of PLOS ONE to inform you of concerns related to duplicated content in articles published by your journals. We have been following up on concerns of overlapping text and duplicate Western blots within the following PLOS ONE article:<br /> [1] Berberine Improves Kidney Function in Diabetic Mice via AMPK Activation<br /> https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113398<br /> Received: June 9, 2014; Accepted: October 23, 2014; Published: November 19, 2014<br /> It was initially brought to our attention that there is duplication of Western blot images between the PLOS ONE article and the following published papers:<br /> [2] Brain Injury (Received 28 Oct 2013, Accepted 4 Jan 2015, Published online 20 Mar 2015) doi: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1004746: Figure 6b GAPDH is similar to Figure 2A AMPK in [1]<br /> [3] Exp Mol Pathol (Received 24 Feb 2014, Accepted 10 Sep 2014, Available online 16 Sep 2014) doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.09.006: Figure 5B GAPDH is similar to Figure 2A AMPK in [1]; Figure 5C Occludin is similar to Figure 2A LKB1 in [1]<br /> [4] Korean J Physiol Pharmacol, (Received 7 Nov 2013, Accepted 3 Jan 2016) doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.4.325 RETRACTED: Figure 6B GAPDH is similar to Figure 2A AMPK [1]<br /> Please note that the KJPP paper has been retracted as a result of the content duplication issues.<br /> During the course of our follow up, we have discovered additional instances of possible duplication as follows:<br /> [5] Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Accepted 6 Aug 2014, Accepted ms online 28 Aug 2014, Published 23 Feb 2015) doi:10.1111/jgh.12723: Figure 1d AMPK is similar to Figure 2A AMPK in [1], Figure 3a iNOS is similar to Figure 2A LKB1 in [1]<br /> [6] Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (Received 4 Mar 2014, Accepted 28 July 2014, Published 17 Nov 2014) doi: 10.1038/aps.2014.88: Figure 1 A and B bar charts are similar to Figure 1 A and B bar charts in [1], Figure 1E AMPK is similar to Figure 2A AMPK in [1], Figure 1E p-AMPK is similar to Figure 2A P-AMPK in [1], Figure 1E bar chart is similar to the Figure 2A bar chart in [1]<br /> [7] Asian Pac J Cancer Prev (Published Jan 2014) doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.2.677: Figure 3A GAPDH is similar to Figure 2A AMPK in [1] and p27 kip1 is similar to Figure 2A P-AMPK in [1]<br /> [8] Clinical and Experimental Hypertension (Received 15 Sep 2015, Accepted 24 Nov 2015, Published 5 May 2016) doi: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1131288: Figure 2A LKB1 and P-AMPK are similar to Figure 2A LKB1 and P-AMPK in [1], Figure 2B P-AMPK and AMPK are similar to Figure 2B P-AMPK and AMPK in [1], Figure 2A and B bar charts appear similar in both articles. Figures 1A, B and C including Western blots and charts appear similar in both articles. Figure 6C AMPK is similar to Figure 2A AMPK in [1] (note that authors Min Hu and Bo Liu may be the same as authors on the retracted KJPP paper above)<br /> Articles [5], [6], [7], and [8] contain various amounts of duplicated text in the Results sections when compared to the PLOS ONE article. Note that there may be other instances of duplicated data and/or text between the above articles aside from those affecting the PLOS ONE article.<br /> For at least some of the duplicated text, it appears that some of the manuscripts were under consideration at overlapping times. We have been informed that an external biotechnology company conducted the Western blot experiments and provided the raw blots to the authors for the PLOS ONE paper. How the duplications in text and figures arose remains unresolved.<br /> Although our correspondence with the authors about this matter is ongoing, we have determined that it is appropriate to issue a retraction of the PLOS ONE article, and the retraction notice will provide details of the similarities in content with the above-listed articles. We will also report this matter to the PLOS ONE authors’ institution.<br /> I hope that the information provided above is helpful. If you have any questions in the course of any follow up on this matter, please do not hesitate to get in touch.<br /> Best wishes,
<br /> References:<br /> Guang-Hua Fan, Zhong-Ming Wang, Xi Yang, Li-Ping Xu, Qin Qin, Chi Zhang, Jian-Xin Ma, Hong-Yan Cheng, Xin-Chen Sun. Resveratrol Inhibits Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma Cell Proliferation via AMP-activated Protein Kinase Signaling. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15 (2), 677-682 <br /> <br />