West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801The Legacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vindicating the Clonal Evolution Model of Cancer202920306979610.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2029ENShabnamAbtahiShiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.MorvaridAsadipourShiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.AbbasGhaderiShiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Journal Article20180928Organogenesis and tumorigenesis seem to be following<br />a set pretty similar instructions and pathways and tumors,<br />like any other organ, can be seen as the summation of<br />many different cell types. However, unlike normal tissues,<br />intercellular networks in cancer show high degrees<br />of robustness and plasticity, employing other cellular<br />networks in favor of their own growth1. The integrated<br />hallmarks of cancer were first described by Hanahan and<br />Weinberg in 20002, and was updated in 2011 by the same<br />scientists3. They have described 10 hallmarks including:<br />1) self-sufficiency in growth signals, 2) not responding to<br />antigrowth signals, 3) unlimited proliferation, 4) resisting<br />apoptosis, 5) genomic instability, 6) angiogenesis, 7)<br />deregulated metabolism, 8) inflammation, 9) escaping<br />immune destruction, and 10) tissue invasion and<br />metastasis3, all of which have stood the test of time as<br />being integral components of most forms of neoplasms.<br />These unifying hallmarks are a reflection of the network<br />structure of human cells dictating which genetic/epigenetic<br />alterations are viable and in favor of tumor formation<br />and progression. Among all the theories trying to explain<br />the origins and hallmarks of cancer since Hippocrates4,<br />clonal evolution and the stem cell hypothesis are the two<br />theories that explain hallmarks of cancer the best5. For<br />the purpose of this editorial our focus will be on the clonal<br />evolution theory.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69796_0739e77e54e75531b109968922df3ccd.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Effects of Model-Based Interventions on Breast Cancer Screening Behavior of Women: a Systematic Review203120416650110.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2031ENMarziehSaei Ghare NazStudent Research committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MasumehSimbarMidwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.FarzanehRashidi FakariStudents Research committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.VidaGhasemiStudents Research committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20180113Background: Breast cancer is a great concern for women’s health; early detection can play a key role in reducing<br />associated morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to systematically assess the effectiveness<br />of model-based interventions for breast cancer screening behavior of women. Methods: We searched Scopus, PubMed,<br />Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane library and Google scholar search engines for systematic reviews, clinical<br />trials, pre- and post-test or quasi-experimental studies (with limits to publication dates from 2000-2017), Keywords<br />were: breast cancer, screening, systematic review, trials, and health model. In this review, qualitative analysis was<br />used to assess the heterogeneity of data. Results: Thirty six articles with 17,770 female participants were included in<br />this review. The Health belief model was used in twenty three articles as the basis for intervention. Two articles used<br />both the Health belief model and the Health Promotion Model, 5 articles used Health belief model and The Trans<br />theoretical Model, 2 used Hthe ealth belief model and Theory planned behavior, 2 used the Health belief model and<br />the Trans theoretical Model, 2 used the Trans theoretical Model, 1 used social cognitive theory, and 1 used Systematic<br />Comprehensive Health Education and Promotion Model. The results showed that model-based educational interventions<br />are more effective for BSE and CBE and mammography screening behavior of women compare to no model based<br />intervention. The Health belief model was the most popular model for promoting breast cancer screening behavior.<br />Conclusions: Educational model-based interventions promote self-care and create a foundation for improving breast<br />cancer screening behavior of women and increase policy makers’ awareness and efforts towards its enhancement breast<br />cancer screening behavior.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66501_d61ba8134702303725893bcabf5fc812.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Thalidomide Combined with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) for Intermediate or Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Systematic Review and GRADE Approach204320556559910.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2043ENWenjieYangDepartment of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.0000-0003-4545-7322DandanWangDepartment of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.LitaoHuangDepartment of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.YueChenDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.ShuWenWest China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.QiHongDepartment of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.DeyingKangDepartment of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.Journal Article20180121Objective:According to current guidelines, there is no clear second-line treatment for advanced liver cancer.<br />In practice, clinicians have attempted to use thalidomide(TLD) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization<br />(TACE) for treating liver cancer. This study aims to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of TLD combined with TACE<br />in patients with intermediate or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central<br />Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), database of ClinicalTrials.gov, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang database<br />were searched for eligible studies. Criteria for inclusion in our meta-analysis included a study that patients diagnosed<br />with intermediate or advanced HCC, the use of TACE plus TLD or its derivatives, and the availability of outcome<br />data for survival. A meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the evidences of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).<br />And finally, the GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of these evidences. Results: Twelve RCTs involving<br />894 Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) patients were included. The meta-analysis results showed that TACE plus TLD was<br />significantly superior than TACE alone in terms of 12-month survival rate (OR=2.55, 95% CI:1.78-3.64, P<0.01), 24-month<br />survival rate (OR=2.95, 95% CI:1.96-4.44, P<0.01), 36-month survival rate (OR=2.95, 95% CI:1.41-6.19, P<0.004),<br />progression-free survival (PFS) (MD=2.23, 95% CI:1.19-3.28 , P<0.001), objective response rate (OR=1.84, 95%<br />CI:1.34-2.52, P<0.0001), and disease control rate (OR=2.68, 95% CI:1.80-3.99). Subgroup analysis demonstrated<br />no differences across related outcomes. Sensitivity analyses showed no important differences in the estimates of<br />effects. Quality of evidence for all outcomes was rated moderate to very low after applying GRADE approach.<br />Conclusions: Current evidence seemed to support the suggestion that TACE plus TLD as the second line treatment for<br />patients with intermediate or advanced HCC. However, this finding is not definitive due to the poor quality of included<br />studies, more carefully designed and conducted RCTs are warranted to confirm above conclusions.https://journal.waocp.org/article_65599_4c4bb39346379892fa02e3f30247bd8c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Cytochrome P450: Polymorphisms and Roles in Cancer, Diabetes and Atherosclerosis205720706616010.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2057ENImadeldinElfakiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.RashidMirPrince Fahd Ben Sultan Research Chair, Department of Medical Lab Technology,
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Fahad MAlmutairiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Faisel M AbuDuhierPrince Fahd Ben Sultan Research Chair, Department of Medical Lab Technology,
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20180223Cytochromes P450s (CYPs) constitute a superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of drugs and other<br />substances. Endogenous substrates of CYPs include eicosanoids, estradiol, arachidonic acids, cholesterol, vitamin D<br />and neurotransmitters. Exogenous substrates of CYPs include the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and about 80% of<br />currently used drugs. Some isoforms can activate procarcinogens to ultimate carcinogens. Genetic polymorphisms of<br />CYPs may affect the enzyme catalytic activity and have been reported among different populations to be associated<br />with various diseases and adverse drug reactions. With regard of drug metabolism, phenotypes for CYP polymorphism<br />range from ultrarapid to poor metabolizers. In this review, we discuss some of the most clinically important CYPs<br />isoforms (CYP2D6, CYP2A6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP1B1 and CYP1A2) with respect to gene polymorphisms and<br />drug metabolism. Moreover, we review the role of CYPs in renal, lung, breast and prostate cancers and also discuss<br />their significance for atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66160_153b8fc08b64907951c519e8b4f95a40.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Meta-Analysis of Polymorphic Variants Conferring Genetic Risk to Cervical Cancer in Indian Women Supports CYP1A1 as an Important Associated Locus207120816559310.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2071ENDebmalyaSenguptaDepartment of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.0000-0002-3415-9365UdayanGuhaDepartment of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.SagnikMitraDepartment of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.SampurnaGhoshDepartment of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.SamsiddhiBhattacharjeeNational Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India.MainakSenguptaDepartment of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.Journal Article20180310Objective: Association of multiple polymorphic variants with cervical cancer has been elucidated by several<br />candidate gene based as well as genome-wide association studies. However, contradictory outcomes of those studies<br />have failed to estimate the true effect of the polymorphic variants on cervical cancer. Methods: Literature mining of<br />the PubMed database was done to gather all the publications related to genetic association with cervical cancer in India.<br />Out of 98 PubMed hits only 29 genetic association studies were selected for meta-analysis based on specific inclusion<br />criteria. A fixed-effect meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the overall association of the genetic polymorphisms<br />with cervical cancer. Cochran’s Q test was performed to assess between study heterogeneity. Publication bias was<br />also estimated by funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Further, sub-group analysis was conducted by fixed-effect<br />meta-regression to assess the impact of polymorphisms on cervical cancer in the presence of Human Papilloma Virus<br />(HPV). Result: Following a fixed-effect model, meta-analysis was conducted that revealed 2 polymorphic variants<br />viz. ‘deletion polymorphism (Del2) (OR=1.79, 95% CI= 1.08-2.95, P=0.023) in GSTM1’ and ‘rs1048943 (OR = 2.34,<br />95% CI=1.37-3.99, P=0.0018) in CYP1A1’ to be associated with cervical cancer. However, multiple testing correction<br />showed only rs1048943 of CYP1A1 to be significantly associated (P-value=0.029) with cervical cancer with significant<br />publication bias (P-value=0.0113) as estimated by Egger’s regression test. The polymorphic variants ‘rs1801131’,<br />‘rs1801133’, ‘rs2430561’, ‘rs1799782’, ‘rs25486’ and ‘rs25487’ showed significant (p<0.05) evidence of heterogeneity<br />between studies by Cochran’s Q test and also by heterogeneity index (I2) calculation. Conclusion: Therefore, our study<br />revealed significant association of rs1048943 in CYP1A1, but a nominal association of deletion polymorphism (Del2)<br />in GSTM1 with cervical cancer, which provides a comprehensive insight on the true effect of the polymorphisms,<br />reported in various case-control studies, on the risk of the development of cervical cancer in Indian women.https://journal.waocp.org/article_65593_163ac9f191015edf16853a09fba53d59.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Mastectomy and the Meaning Attributed by Patients to Delay in Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer208320886608310.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2083ENRaimunda MagalhãesDa SilvaPublic Health Graduate Program, University of Fortaleza, UNIFOR, Fortaleza, Brazil.Cleoneide Paulo OliveiraPinheiroSchool of Physiotherapy, Estácio University Center, Fortaleza, Brazil.Indara CavalcanteBezerraPublic Health Graduate Program, University of Fortaleza, UNIFOR, Fortaleza, Brazil.José Manuel PeixotoCaldasCenter for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.0000-0003-0796-1595Christina César PraçaBrasilPublic Health Graduate Program, University of Fortaleza, UNIFOR, Fortaleza, Brazil.Journal Article20170426Background: Breast cancer is a major public health problem and its early detection (ED) can reduce the number of<br />breast mutilations, morbidity and mortality rates, health costs and negative health outcomes. Given that, this study<br />aimed to assess the meaning attributed by mastectomized women to delay in early detection of their breast cancers.<br />Methods: Qualitative research was conducted with 26 mastectomized women who participated in semi-structured<br />interviews about the meaning of delay in early detection of breast cancer in a reference oncology outpatient clinic in<br />the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil from December 2015 to January 2016. Information was analyzed on<br />the basis of symbolic interactionism. Results: After noticing breast changes, women start to ponder about them and<br />experience this moment according to interpretive particularities. Fear of disease, multiple roles in modern society,<br />denial of breast changes, lack of information on the issue, and lack of professionals to encourage their involvement in<br />health care, favor delay in the search for care and therefore in the early detection of breast cancer, which is a determinant of therapeutic success. Conclusion: Women receive limited information and professional support for breast health. Delay in<br />early diagnosis occurred in all the women who participated in the study.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66083_b6d589e1451366d47a528a7c309b417a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Pooled Analysis of the Associations between Body Mass Index, Total Cholesterol, and Liver Cancer-related Mortality in Japan208920956608710.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2089ENShigekazuUkawaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.Research Unit of Advanced Interdisciplinary Care Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka, Japan.AkikoTamakoshiDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.YoshitakaMurakamiDepartment of Medical Statistics, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.YutakaKiyoharaDepartment of Environmental Medicine,
Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.MichikoYamadaDepartment of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research
Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan.MasatoNagaiTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.AtsushiSatohDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.KatsuyukiMiuraDepartment of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.HirotsuguUeshimaDepartment of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.TomonoriOkamuraDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.EPOCH-JAPANResearch GroupJournal Article20170517Objective: We employed a large-scale pooled analysis to investigate the association of liver cancer-related<br />mortality with being overweight/obese and total cholesterol (TC) levels, since limited and inconsistent data on these<br />associations exist in Japan. Methods: A total of 59,332 participants (23,853 men and 35,479 women) from 12 cohorts<br />without a history of cancer who were followed for a median of 14.3 years were analyzed. A sex-specific stratified<br />Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age and other potential confounders was used to calculate hazard ratios<br />(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for liver cancer-related mortality. Results: A total of 447 participants<br />(266 men and 181 women) died of liver cancer within the follow-up period. Individuals classified as having a high<br />BMI (≥25.0 kg/m2) and low TC levels (mortality (HR 7.05, 95% CI 4.41–11.26 in men; HR 8.07, 95% CI 4.76–13.67 in women) when compared with those<br />in the intermediate BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and TC (160–219 mg/dL) categories. These associations remained after<br />limiting the follow-up duration to >5 years. Conclusion: Being overweight/obese, combined with low TC levels, was<br />strongly associated with liver cancer-related mortality in the EPOCH-JAPAN.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66087_f98bbd39f50cf015609f9f719bdb4b18.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Compliance Assessment of Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act in Public Places in Delhi Government Hospitals209721026559110.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2097ENKavitaRijhwaniDepartment of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi, India.Vikrant RanjanMohantyDepartment of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi, India.Aswini YBalappanavarDepartment of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi, India.SumbulHashmiDepartment of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi, India.Journal Article20170704Objective: Tobacco-free policies in hospital campus reduce exposure to tobacco smoke; change the demeanour of<br />the professionals, patients and people visiting hospitals towards tobacco use. Section-4, 5 and 6 of COTPA (Cigarettes<br />and Other Tobacco Products Act) necessitates the need for implementation of the prohibition on smoking in public<br />places. Against this background, the present work was designed to evaluate the status of compliance Section 4, 5 and<br />6 of COTPA in Delhi Government hospitals Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted within<br />Government hospitals. Multistage random sampling was used to select 18 hospitals out of 39 hospitals from 5 zones.<br />Standard assessment Proforma developed by John Hopkins School of Public Health for assessing compliance to<br />Tobacco-Free Law was used and modified to address certain aspects of Section-4, 5 and 6 of COTPA. Hospital campuses<br />were assessed by dividing them into zones like hospital buildings, office buildings, public places outside the hospital<br />and residential areas. Result: Signs of active tobacco use observed in 40.6% of hospital buildings, 35.3% in office<br />buildings, and 75.4% in public places outside the buildings. ‘No smoking signage was not as per the COTPA guidelines<br />in 21.4% of the hospitals and 72% were not tobacco free outdoors in these positions. Conclusion: The study highlighted<br />a lower compliance rate than expected which raises questions on law enforcement concerning tobacco. Hence necessary<br />measures have to be used up for sustained awareness campaigns, backed by enforcement drives. Periodic compliance<br />surveys will strengthen the implementation of tobacco free legislation in health care institutions.https://journal.waocp.org/article_65591_9d8e0d3f452233ae2268b450f8bb6e4a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Knowledge of Oral Precancerous Lesions Considering Years Since Graduation Among Dentists in the Capital City of Iran: a Pathway to Early Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Referral?210321086611110.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2103ENJamileh BigomTaheriOral Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ZahraNamaziDental Material Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SomayyehAzimiHonorary Research Fellow, International Research Collaborative – Oral Health and Equity, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.MasoumehMehdipourOral Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.RominBehrovanDentist, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.KosarRezaei FarOral Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170710Background: Late diagnosis and improper treatment lead to many avoidable deaths in patients suffering from oral<br />cancer. This study evaluated the knowledge and perceptions of general dentists regarding oral precancerous lesions<br />and oral cancer risk factors with reference to early diagnosis and referral. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive<br />study, 200 private general dental practitioners were randomly selected in Tehran, Iran. Demographic information and<br />years since graduation were recorded; knowledge levels were evaluated with a standardized questionnaire consisting of<br />15 closed-response item questions about precancerous lesions and oral cavity cancer. Each correct answer got one<br />point. Results: Out of 200 selected dentists, 153 returned completed questionnaires. The average age of participants<br />was 36 and the average achieved score was 7.96 out of 15 (Min 3, Max 13). Most (64.7%) of participants were in<br />the group that graduated within the previous 10 years, 23.5% between 10 and 20 years since graduation, and 11.8%<br />more than 20 years previously. There was a statistically significant difference between the most recently graduated<br />group (< 10 years) and the other two groups. The dentists’ awareness was also significantly dependent on age. There<br />was no statistically significant difference in awareness between male and female dentists. Conclusion: As professional<br />oral health care providers, dentists should be aware of all aspects regarding precancerous lesions in order to optimize<br />early diagnosis and referral of oral cancer patients. Training courses and continuing education seem to be an essential<br />strategy to increase and maintain knowledge of this group.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66111_69262029fededb3fcf5d713d55cc7dbe.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Breast Cancer Risk Factors: a Cross- Cultural Comparison between the West and the East210921166608910.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2109ENLina KurdahiBadrAzusa Pacific University, Fullerton, United States.LauraBourdeanuExcelsior College, Fullerton, United States.ManalAlatrashCal State University, Fullerton, United States.GarineBekarianSaint-Joseph University, Lebanon.Journal Article20170719Background: The incidence of breast cancer in Lebanon is higher than any other Middle –Eastern country, is<br />diagnosed at a younger age than women in Western countries, and is more aggressive and fatal. Therefore addressing<br />risk factors in this population is of paramount importance. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional, comparative<br />design evaluated the risk factors for breast cancer in a convenient sample of 105 Lebanese-American women with 250<br />Lebanese. Odds Ratio, Chi square t-tests or ANOVA were used to compare the two groups’ risk factors and knowledge<br />of screening tools. Associations found to be statistically significant were included in three multiple logistic regression<br />models to estimate the odds of each variable for performing a mammography, a clinical breast exam (CBE) and a breast<br />self-exam (BSE). Results: There were more Muslims in the Lebanese-American sample who perceived having a better<br />income, and had a better understanding of the effectiveness of the mammogram, the CBE and the BSE. The Lebanese<br />group reached menopause at an older age, t = 2.66, p = 0.05, smoked more, OR = 1.42, p = 0.001 and were five times<br />more likely to live close to a main road or highway, OR = 5.75, p = 0.001 than the Lebanese-American group. The<br />Lebanese- Americana group breast fed longer χ2= 11.68, p = .008, used contraceptives more, OR = 1.74, p = 0.027,<br />exercised more, OR = 1.61, p < 0.001, and consumed more vegetables and fruits than their Lebanese counterparts, OR=<br />1.22, p = 0.002, and OR = 1.27 p = 0.001, respectively. For ever having a mammogram, the duration of breastfeeding<br />(>6 months), effectiveness of the mammogram, and exercise were significant predictors. While for ever having a CBE,<br />smoking, eating fruits, and exercise were significant. No variables were related to performing a BSE. Conclusion: The<br />Lebanese women had higher risk factors for developing breast cancer, and had less knowledge of the benefits of breast<br />cancer screening tools, calling for the importance of promoting healthy life styles and education.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66089_b4b0f3205ab70267c409cb41e8b421f4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Derivative of Stevioside; CPUK02; Restores ESR1 Gene Methylation in MDA-MB 231211721236611210.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2117ENSaeedKhazayelDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.PoonehMokarramDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Gasteroenterohepatology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.ZeinabMohammadiDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.FatemehRamezaniDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.ZhangDayongVice Director of Lianyungang Eco. & Tech. Development Zone Management Committee and Drug Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, China.Journal Article20170731Background: CPUK02 (15-Oxosteviol benzyl ester) is a new ent-kaurenoid derivative of stevioside and exhibits<br />strong anti-cancer activity. Nowadays, the pattern of epigenetic in cancer has been topic of many studies and DNA<br />methylation targeting represents a relevant strategy for cancer treatment. Since, no study conducted to this mechanism, we<br />attempt to evaluate whether CPUK02 induce its anti-cancer effects via alteration the level of mRNA DNMT3B, DNMT3A<br />expression and ESR1 methylation pattern in breast cancer cells line. Methods: MCF-7 (ER +) and MDA-MB231 (ER-)<br />cell lines were treated for 24, 48 hours with 1 μM CPUK02 and 5-AZA-CdR (DNA methyltransferase inhibitor).<br />Quantitative expression of DNMT3B and DNMT3A genes and ESR1 promoter methylation was assessed by Real-Time<br />PCR and MS-PCR, respectively. Results: CPUK02 restored ESR1 promoter unmethylated allele in MDA-MB 231<br />cells. Also treatment with CPUK02 decreased the expression of both DNMT3A and DNMT3B genes like 5-AZA.<br />The expression of DNMT genes were diminished by half compared with control cells. Conclusions: These results showed<br />that CPUK02 has an anticancer effect on MDA-MB 231 cells which this effect can be done through several pathways.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66112_cc0f0c9916ea739318c09edd6953a70c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Natural History of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Ahvaz City, Iran212521296611310.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2125ENManoochehrMakvandiInfectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.0000-0003-2510-3033RahimSoleimani JelodarInfectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.AlirezaSamabafzadehInfectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.NiloofarNeisiInfectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.ZohrehSharifiBlood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.AzadehGholampourTorbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.AbdolrahimMasjedizadehDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Imamkhomini hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.AliakbarShayestehDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Imamkhomini hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Journal Article20170924Objective: A long persistent of Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) infection may develop liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular<br />carcinoma (HCC) and about one million people die due to HBV -related liver cancer and end-stage liver disease annually<br />worldwide. The natural history of CHB phases comprises four phases: immune tolerant (HBeAg detectable and ALT<br />(Alanine Transaminase) normal, HBeAg-positive immune active (HBeAg detectable, anti-HBe antibodies undetectable<br />and ALT persistently elevated), HBeAg-negative immune active (HBeAg undetectable, anti-HBe antibodies present<br />and ALT persistently elevated), inactive carrier (HBeAg undetectable, anti-HBe antibodies present and ALT normal).<br />The evaluation of chronic hepatitis B phases is a crucial to manage the burden of disease and limit the development<br />of associated complications, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus this study conducted to<br />evaluate the natural history of HBV infection in patients with chronic HBV infection in Ahvaz city, Iran. Methods: In<br />this study, 71 non-treated CHB individuals were recruited including 44 (62%) males and 27(38%) females. The sera<br />were tested for HBV markers, HBsAg, HBcIgG, HBeAg, and HBeAb. ALT assay and HBV viral load were carried out<br />for each CHB individual. Results: Based on the analysis of serological, ALT status and viral load, the results showed:<br />immune tolerance 5(7%), eAg+ Immune Clearance 14(19.7%), eAg- Immune Clearance 29 (40.84%) and Inactive<br />Carrier 23 (32.39%). The HBeAg seroconversion was observed in a male age 18 year. Conclusion: The results of<br />the natural history of individuals with chronic hepatitis B phases CHB shows immune tolerance (7%), eAg+ Immune<br />Clearance (19.7%), eAg- Immune Clearance (40.84%) and Inactive Carrier (32.39%). To prevent the consequence of<br />CHB infection, an individual in immune tolerance phase should be tested periodically for ALT level, HBV markers,<br />HBsAg, HBcIgG, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBV viral load. Then decision-making therapy can be applied for CHB patients<br />at early stage of immune clearance.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66113_2f7373b42b787bc5c259be7e499707a3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Micronucleus Assay of Buccal Mucosal Cells in Hairdressers: The Importance of Occupational Exposure213121346608410.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2131ENSarehFarhadiDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Branch of Tehran, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.MaryamJoleharDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Branch of Tehran, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-8873-4401FatemehSafapourDentist, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20171124Background and objective: Today, the chemical materials available in hair dyes are considered risk factors for many<br />cancers, particularly oral cancer. This study was performed to study the effect of occupational exposure on micronucleus<br />(MN) frequency of buccal mucosa cells in hairdressers. Materials and methods: This historical cohort study was<br />performed on 28 hairdressers and 28 control samples. To eliminate the gender variable, all the samples were women<br />and they were matched by age. Buccal mucosa cells were removed using a wet spatula and after fixation, Papanicolaou<br />staining method was applied. The percentage of the cells containing MN was registered. T-test was used to compare<br />the results between the two groups. Results: The mean percentages of MN in buccal mucosa cells of hairdresser’s and<br />control sample were 16.61±4.95 and 8.84±4.74, respectively, with a significant difference (P<0.001). In addition, higher<br />MN mean percentage was reported in subjects working more than 60 hours weekly compared with those working 60<br />hours and less; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.14). Conclusion: In the present study,<br />hairdressers demonstrate significantly higher average of MN in buccal mucosa cells. Also, it seems increment in their<br />working time can increase MN frequency in these studied samples.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66084_2f1a3cfe3c67cdcf7c54efc6aa981236.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Burnout among Lebanese Oncologists: Prevalence and Risk Factors213521396559410.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2135ENRanaSalemDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut,
Lebanon.ReemAkelDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut,
Lebanon.0000-0001-6459-7414GhinaFakhriDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut,
Lebanon.0000-0003-2825-4953ArafatTfayliDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut,
Lebanon.0000-0002-0633-2538Journal Article20171210Background: Burnout syndrome (BOS) is defined as a work-related psychological state characterized by emotional<br />exhaustion, depersonalization, and low sense of personal accomplishment. Despite the extensive data on physician<br />burnout, studies assessing the prevalence of burnout among oncologists in the Middle East and especially Lebanon are<br />lacking. Our main objective was to determine this prevalence as well as identify potential factors associated with the<br />development of burnout. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among medical, surgical, and radiation<br />oncologists attending several Continuing Medical Education (CME) activities in Lebanon over the course of a three<br />month period. Participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire composed of socio-demographic<br />and work characteristics, as well as the Maslach Burnout Inventory- Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS). Results: A total<br />of 51 oncologists completed the survey. Medical oncologists constituted the majority (84.3%), followed by surgical<br />oncologists (9.8%) and radiation oncologists (5.9%). Approximately 47.1% of our sample had a high burnout level in at<br />least one of the domains. 33.3% of oncologists exhibited high emotional exhaustion (EE) scores, 19.6% demonstrated<br />low personal accomplishment (PA) scores, and 13.7% displayed high depersonalization (DP) scores. There was no<br />statistically significant association between overall burnout level and any of the demographic or work characteristics.<br />However, age was significantly associated with EE (p=0.03), while DP scores were significantly associated with the<br />number of patients seen daily (p=0.028). Conclusion: Burnout is common among cancer professionals in Lebanon.<br />Future research is needed to explore the problem in depth and suggest effective preventive approaches.https://journal.waocp.org/article_65594_c3ee408a3a69aa4077adae678f0e6b5c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801A New Breast Border Extraction and Contrast Enhancement Technique with Digital Mammogram Images for Improved Detection of Breast Cancer214121486615810.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2141ENManasiHazarikaDepartment of Computer Science, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India.Lipi BMahantaCentral Computational and Numerical Sciences Division (CCNS),
Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), (An Autonomous R&D Institute under Department of Science and
Technology), Guwahati, India.0000-0002-7733-5461Journal Article20171212Purpose: Breast cancer can be cured if diagnosed early, with digital mammography which is one of the most<br />effective imaging modalities for early detection. However mammogram images often come with low contrast, high<br />background noises and artifacts, making diagnosis difficult. The purpose of this research is to preprocess mammogram<br />images to improve results with a computer aided diagnosis system. The focus is on three preprocessing methods: a breast<br />border segmentation method; a contrast enhancement method; and a pectoral muscle removal method. Methods: The<br />proposed breast border extraction method employs a threshold based segmentation technique along with a combination<br />of morphological operations. The contrast enhancement method presented here is divided into two phages. In phase<br />I, a bi-level histogram modification technique is applied to enhance the image globally and in phase II a non-linear<br />filter based on local mean and local standard deviation for each pixel is applied to the histogram modified image. The<br />pectoral muscle removal method discussed here is implemented by applying a region growing algorithm. Results:<br />The proposed techniques are tested with the Mini MIAS dataset. The breast border extraction method is applied to<br />322 images and achieved 98.7% segmentation accuracy. The contrast enhancement method is evaluated based on<br />quantitative measures like measure of enhancement, absolute mean brightness error, combined enhancement measure<br />and discrete entropy. The proposed contrast enhancement method when applied to 14 images with different types of<br />masses, the quantitative measures showed an optimum level of contrast enhancement compared to other enhancement<br />methods with preservation of local detail. Removal of the pectoral muscle from MLO mammogram images reduced<br />the search region while identifying abnormalities like masses and calcification. Conclusions: The preprocessing steps<br />proposed here show promising results in terms of both qualitative and quantitative analysis.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66158_a2fde9e95f583b188f59c17db3fbf87e.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Selective Cytotoxicity of α-Santonin from the Persian Gulf Sponge Dysidea Avara on Pediatric ALL B-lymphocytes via Mitochondrial Targeting214921546627010.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2149ENMarjanAghvamiFaculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ArghavanKeshavarzFaculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MelikaNazemiPersian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Center,
Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar
Abbas, Iran.Mohammad HadiZareiFaculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.JalalPourahmadFaculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20171217Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most dominant malignancies among children,<br />characterized by production of immature and dysfunctional blasts which are resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic<br />agents. Therefore, research protocols are currently focusing on discovery of novel anti-cancer agents to enhance survival<br />rates and decrease unwanted side effects. Approximately two-thirds of the planet is covered by oceans with a massive<br />range of marine organisms of interest to scientists in pharmaceutical fields. Methods: Among marine resources, sponges<br />are known to have beneficial effects in the treatment of numerous malignancies. One fraction of crude extracts containing<br />α-Santonin was made from the Persian Gulf marine sponge, Dysidea avara, and investigated for anticancer effects.<br />Results: Treatment of ALL B-lymphocytes with the Dysidea avara extract caused augmentation in ROS generation,<br />decline in mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial swelling, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria<br />and activation of caspase-3 only in mitochondria isolated from B-ALL lymphocytes. Conclusion: In brief, our results<br />suggest that Dysidea avara extracts may selectively induce apoptosis in malignant pediatric lymphocytes.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66270_1cb0fafd60af2ae2010ddb03bbf6d5f1.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Assessment of Preventive Behavior for Cervical Cancer with the Health Belief Model215521636608810.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2155ENShadanShirazi Zadeh MehrabanDepartment of Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.AzamNamdarDepartment of Community Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.Mohammad MehdiNaghizadehNoncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.0000-0001-5562-103XJournal Article20171228Introduction: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death in developing countries. However, taking regular Pap smears<br />screening, one of the most effective screening tests, can reduce chance of cervical cancer remarkably. The first step in<br />health education is choosing the right model, one of the best known being the Health Belief Model (HBM). Here, we<br />evaluated different HBM factors with regard to cervical cancer preventive behavior in Fasa, Iran. Materials and methods:<br />This cross-sectional study included 200 married women between the ages of 17 and 64 in Fasa during 2013. Participants<br />were selected through stratified sampling from urban health centers. The questionnaire of the HBM included four sections<br />and was filled out by interview. Data analysis was with SPSS 21, ANOVA and t-tests and Internal correlations between<br />components of model were analyzed in terms of the Spearman Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The mean age of<br />the participants was 35.6±9.89 years. Some 52% had undergone a Pap test. The percentage values for participants’<br />knowledge and perceived susceptibility were 49.5% and 46%, respectively, considered as moderate. Perceived severity<br />and benefits were good at 56.5% and 73%, respectively, while perceived barriers was moderate (46.5%). Also, 57.1%<br />demonstrated a good self-efficacy and 61% good behavior. Discussion: We found that the most predictable factors for<br />knowledge and behavior were age, income level, perceived benefits, perceived severity and self-efficacy according to<br />the HBM. These factors should be taken into account for achieving acceptable preventive behaviors in health programs.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66088_48fb375cebee5818aafcc5e8d3e39122.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Prevalence of Oral Premalignant Lesions and Its Risk Factors among the Adult Population in Udupi Taluk of Coastal Karnataka, India216521706537310.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2165ENVanditaPahwaDepartment of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.0000-0002-3492-4418SumaNairDepartment of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.Centre for Community Oncology, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.0000-0002-1843-075XRanjitha SShettyDepartment of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.0000-0002-3210-2293AshaKamathDepartment of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.0000-0003-0727-8067Journal Article20180103Objective: Globally oral cancer is one of the ten most common cancers with prevalence being high in Central<br />and South East Asian countries. This survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of oral pre-malignant lesions<br />(OPML) and to identify their risk factors. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among<br />2033 individuals aged ≥18 years. A questionnaire was administered to collect socio-demographic characteristics, various<br />risk factors for oral cancer and presence of its symptoms. Oral cavity of all the participants was examined in detail by<br />the study investigator as per WHO guidelines for the early diagnosis of oral neoplasia. Result: The prevalence of<br />OPML was found to be 3.73%. Among those with OPML, all were ever tobacco consumers and had poor oral hygiene.<br />A significant association was observed between OPML and younger age group (OR=2.56, 95% CI 1.08-6.02), males<br />(OR=26.76, 95% CI 8.40-85.19) and low socio-economic status (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.20-3.02). Tobacco (p<0.001),<br />alcohol (OR= 7.92, 95% CI 4.77-13.14) and areca nut consumption (OR = 5.48, 95% CI 3.42-8.77) were strongly<br />associated with OPML. On multivariate analysis among ever tobacco users, OPML was associated with younger<br />individuals, males and those using smokeless forms of tobacco (p <0.05). The study showed that the participants with<br />OPML were more likely to be never married (OR=1.6, 95% CI 0.92-2.96),to be unskilled workers (OR= 1.45, 95% CI<br />0.61-3.43), to have suffered from oral trauma (OR =1.30, 95% CI 0.75-2.26), to have consumed hot and spicy food<br />frequently (OR=1.53, 95% CI 0.96-2.24), to have consumed fruits infrequently (OR=1.53, 95% CI 0.90-2.59) and to<br />report family history of any cancer (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.58-2.87) . However, these associations were statistically<br />insignificant. Conclusion: The study reinforces that use of substances such as tobacco, alcohol and areca nut are the<br />modifiable risk factors for OPML.https://journal.waocp.org/article_65373_c7297bac4804711e708e59ef8c9d4607.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Repeated Measures Models Applied to Cancer Patients Treated with Exergames217121766652810.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2171ENIsabela Pagani Heringer DeMirandaApplied Statistics and Biometrics Program, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.Denismar AlvesNogueiraApplied Statistics and Biometrics Program, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.Department of Statistic, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.0000-0003-2285-8764Natalia Da SilvaMartinsApplied Statistics and Biometrics Program, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.Department of Statistic, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.Ricardo Da SilvaAlvesPhysical Therapy Course, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.LeonardoCarvalhoPhysical Therapy Course, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.Bioscience Program, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.Journal Article20180103Objective: The objective of this study was to define an appropriate linear model to analyse data on muscular fatigue<br />in cancer patients over time through repeated measures techniques. Methods: Using the split plot in time system and<br />linear mixed models, three groups of individuals were compared as to the methods used to reduce muscle fatigue.<br />Group Cancer consisted of individuals who had already been treated; group Control consisted of healthy individuals<br />and group Chemo / radio-therapy consisted of individuals diagnosed with cancer undergoing chemo and radiation<br />therapy. Sessions were tested with exergames. A series of muscle strength data for each of the six muscles studied, in the<br />pre-treatment, mid-treatment and final sessions. Result: The structure that best fit the covariance matrix was ARMA<br />(1,1), according to AIC and BIC. There were significant differences and tendencies in the data series, especially for<br />the left tibial muscle, in which the interactions between group and session and between group and time were significant,<br />showing that exergames treatment increased muscle strength in debilitated patients and, with 20 sessions, the groups<br />equalled in muscle strength. Conclusion: The linear mixed model proved to be efficient in modelling plots subdivided<br />in time. Identifying the best structure of the covariance matrix allowed us to better estimate the effects, using tests<br />appropriately to verify differences between factors that were not detected when using the median frequency of strength.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66528_af46029241daf225b2d7aea3035c2ea0.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Impaired Liver Function Implied Shorter Progression Free Survival for EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors217721816608510.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2177ENQi-QiZhuDivision of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.ChunWangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, China.Yue-YunChenDivision of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.Zhen-YuDingDivision of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.Journal Article20180110Background: Epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) revolutionize the standard<br />of care for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring sensitive EGFR mutation. Liver toxicity is the<br />dose-limiting factor for TKI but its importance is largely overlooked. Here the relationship between the elevation<br />of transaminase and progression-free survival (PFS) was explored. Methods: This was a retrospective study where<br />patients with advanced NSCLC were screened. And those treatment-naïve and with sensitive EGFR mutation who<br />were prescribed with EGFR TKI were enrolled. The highest level of transaminase (alanine aminotransferase, ALT, and<br />aspartate transaminase, AST) during the treatment course was recorded. Results: Totally 208 patients were recruited,<br />and most of them (48.6%) took gefitinib. The whole cohort achieved a median PFS of 11.2 months (95%CI: 10.0-12.3<br />m). 73 (35.1%) patients had elevated transaminase and most was attributed to gefitinib (n=43, 42.5%). Specifically,<br />ALT was elevated in 65 patients (31.3%) while AST in 24 patients (11.5%). Again, gefitinib was associated with more<br />cases of ALT (40.6%) and AST (17.8%) elevation. The elevation of AST was not related to PFS (P=0.259, HR=0.751,<br />95%CI: 0.464-1.214). Interestingly, those with normal ALT level had a longer PFS (12.6m, 95%CI: 10.6-14.5 m) than<br />those with elevated ALT (9.5m 95%CI: 7.9-11.0 m, P=0.025, HR=0.682, 95%CI: 0.488-0.953). The inverse relationship<br />was confirmed in the COX regression analysis (P=0.047). Conclusion: This study revealed the side effects of elevated<br />ALT was inversely related to the PFS of EGFR TKI treatment. The liver impairment by TKI should not be overlooked.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66085_57da201a5ef4e32a59c46a0ce1ea0856.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Main Risk Factors Association with Proto-Oncogene Mutations in Colorectal Cancer218321906614010.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2183ENRoyaDolatkhahHematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.0000-0002-6611-9958Mohammad HosseinSomiLiver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.0000-0002-6611-9958RezaShabanloeiDepartment of Medical-
Surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.FarisFarassatiThe University of Kansas Medical School-Molecular
Medicine Laboratory, Kansas City, KS, USA.AliFakhariResearch Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.SaeedDastgiriHematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Tabriz Health Services
Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20180112Objective: Although several factors have been shown to have etiological roles in colorectal cancer, few investigations<br />have addressed how and to what extent these factors affect the genetics and pathology of the disease. Precise relationships<br />with specific genetic mutations that could alter signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer remain unknown.<br />We therefore aimed to investigate possible links between lifestyle, dietary habits, and socioeconomic factors and specific<br />mutations that are common in colorectal cancers. Methods: Data were retrieved from a baseline survey of lifestyle factors,<br />dietary behavior, and SES, as well as anthropometric evaluations during a physical examination, for 100 confirmed<br />primary sporadic colorectal cancer patients from Northwest Iran. Results: High socioeconomic status was significantly<br />associated with higher likelihood of a KRAS gene mutation (P < 0.05) (odds ratio: 3.01; 95% CI: 0.69–13.02). Consuming<br />carbohydrates and alcohol, working less, and having a sedentary lifestyle also increased the odds of having a KRAS<br />mutation. Conclusion: Although research has not yet described the exact relationships among genetic mutations with<br />different known risk factors in colorectal cancer, examples of the latter may have an impact on KRAS gene mutations.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66140_7cffbe6b6734f7ac9e592845b729f0a4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801The Association of PNPLA3, COX-2 and DHCR7 Polymorphisms with Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Patients with HCV Mono-Infection and HCV/HIV Co-Infection219121976650910.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2191ENRattanapornKiatbumrungCenter of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.NatthayaChuaypenCenter of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.0000-0002-5415-510XSunchaiPayungpornCenter of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.AnchaleeAvihingsanonHIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok,
Thailand.0000-0003-3222-9611PisitTangkijvanichCenter of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.Journal Article20180119There is increasing evidence that host genetic variations may influence the natural history of chronic hepatitis C virus<br />(HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)<br />of PNPLA3 (rs738409), COX-2 (rs689465) and DHCR7 (rs12785878) and advanced liver fibrosis in Thai patients. A<br />total of 220 patients with HCV mono-infection, 200 patients with HCV/HIV co-infection and 200 healthy controls were<br />enrolled. The SNPs were detected by allelic discrimination using real-time PCR with TaqMan probes. Liver stiffness<br />measurement (LSM) was assessed by transient elastography. Our results showed that the distribution of the studied<br />SNPs were not significantly different between the HCV mono- and co-infected groups. The frequencies AG and GG<br />genotypes of rs689465 and GG genotype of rs12785878 were less commonly found in the HCV mono- and co-infected<br />groups compare with healthy controls (P<0.01). Among patients with HCV infection, older age, HIV co-infection,<br />GG genotype of rs738409 and GG genotype of rs689465 were independently associated with advanced liver fibrosis<br />(LSM≥9.5 kPa) in multivariate analysis. Moreover, the percentage of patients with advanced liver fibrosis increased<br />significantly along with the accumulated numbers of these risk genotypes. In conclusion, PNPLA3 (rs738409) and<br />COX-2 (rs689465) polymorphisms were associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients with HCV mono- and<br />co-infection, suggesting that these variants might play an important role in progressive liver fibrosis in these patients.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66509_bfbb3bba770959718741d079735e55ba.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Oral Contraceptive and Breast Cancer Risks: a Case Control Study in Six Referral Hospitals in Indonesia219922036611410.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2199ENMugiWahidinCenter for Humanities and Health Management Research and Development, National Institute of Health Research and Development,
Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.RatnaDjuwitaFaculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.AsriAdisasmitaFaculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.Journal Article20180129Objective: This study aimed to understand the effects of the use of oral contraceptive to breast cancer risk in six<br />referral hospitals in Indonesia. Methods: The research design was hospital based case-control, conducted in 2013.<br />Population was women patients aged 15 years and above in six cancer-referral hospitals in five provinces. Total of 762<br />people were included in this study consisting of 381 who are diagnosed with breast cancer as confirmed by histopathologic<br />examination in inpatient surgery ward, and 381 people who are not diagnosed with breast cancer based on interview<br />in outpatient surgery ward as control group. A set of data were collected including the use of oral contraceptives, age,<br />early menarche, childbirth status, breastfeeding status, obesity, unhealthy diet, history of benign breast tumors, family<br />history of breast cancer, and age of menopause. Result: Results showed that Odds Ratio (OR) of patients using oral<br />contraceptive (95% CI 1.65– 5.09) as compared to people who did not use oral contraceptive. Conclusion: Use of oral contraceptive<br />in patients was indicated to increase the risk of breast cancer. Longer the duration of using oral contraceptive tend to<br />have higher the risk of breast cancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66114_4f7623e19481230bed17b2140b77108b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of gastrointestinal Cancer: a Case-Control Study220522106614210.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2205ENZoyaTahergorabiMedical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC),Department of physiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.MitraMoodiSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.MahmoudZardastDepartment of pathology, Birjand University
of Medical Sciences, Birjand,Iran.ZahraGhayravaniSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of physiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.TahmineTavakoliSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.Journal Article20180131Background: The metabolic syndrome and its concomitant complications are a major public health challenge<br />worldwide. Growing evidence implies associations with cancer development and progression. Since there has been no<br />report on this subject in South Khorasan, we studied metabolic syndrome components in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer<br />patients for comparison with a control group in this province. Materials and methods: This case-control study was<br />performed on 68 patients with histopathologically proven gastrointestinal cancers, referred to the oncology center<br />in Birjand city (capital of South Khorasan province, Iran) in 2016-2017, and 100 control subjects without disease.<br />Patients and control subjects completed a researcher-made questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, physical<br />activities and food intake. Also, blood samples were obtained from both patients and control subjects after overnight<br />fast. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure were<br />additionally performed. Results: Significant differences in the levels of blood glucose and serum HDL were noted<br />between the two groups (P≤0.001). Also, the percentage of pre-diabetic and diabetic patients in the case group was<br />higher than the control group (17.6 and 16.2% vs. 10.3 and 2.9%) (P=0.009). Multiple logistic regression showed that<br />the risk of gastrointestinal cancer in people with high blood glucose was 3.35 times that in those with normal blood<br />glucose (OR3.35, 95%CI,1.41-7.94; P=0.006) , 2.37 times higher in subjects with lower HDL (OR 2.37, 95%CI,1.18-<br />4.78), 10.4 times higher in overweight people (OR10.4, 95%CI,2.23-48.5) and 4.3 times higher in individuals with an<br />opium addiction(OR4.3, 95%CI, 1.6-11.5) than those without. The mean consumption of fish (P=0.03) and vegetables<br />and fruits (P=0.027) in the case group was significantly lower than in the control group. Conclusion: Emerging evidence<br />indicates that the metabolic syndrome or its individual components may be important in the etiology and progression<br />of GI cancer. Research to work toward preventing cancers should thus focus on nutritional and lifestyle modifications<br />which may alleviate the metabolic syndrome.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66142_ff939dfce5933fe44db9bfe7d06fb2ff.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Measuring Beliefs Related to Colorectal Cancer Screening Behavior among Iranian Middle-Aged and Elderly: a Psychometric Study221122166651410.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2211ENShivaKhashijClinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.FatemehJalilianClinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.MasoumehVaeziFaculty of Medicine, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan.MaryamJalilianClinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.HassanGharibnavazClinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.TourajAhmadi-JouybariClinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.ZahraNaghibifarShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.HadisKaramiTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20180204The annual fecal occult blood test is a very important method for colorectal cancer early detection through screening.<br />Our aim was to assess psychometrics of instrument measuring beliefs related to fecal occult blood test uptake among<br />Iranian middle-aged and elderly, based on the theory of planned behavior. This cross-sectional study was performed on<br />150 middle-aged and elderly who were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in Kermanshah, in the west of Iran.<br />The studied constructs included attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and behavior intention. Data<br />were analyzed with SPSS software (ver. 21.0). The mean age of the respondents was 59.1 years [SD: 6.73], in the range<br />from 50 to 73. All of the loads of the exploratory factorial analysis were larger than 0.4. KMO was calculated as 0.756.<br />Overall, four factors under investigation accounted for 82% of the variance in the hypothesized model. Cronbach’s<br />alpha for the measured constructs of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and behavior intention<br />were 0.92, 0.88, 0.70 and 0.88, respectively. Our findings indicated the final scale to be adequately reliable and valid for<br />measurement of these constructs for prediction of fecal occult blood test uptake among Iranian middle-aged and elderly.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66514_1e5fadb9b3c7e3ef71c3a7ad6b13ab83.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Nisin Induces Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Asterocytoma Cell Line (SW1088)221722216614410.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2217ENNahidZainodiniImmunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.GholamhosseinHassanshahiMolecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Science, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.Departments of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.Mohammad RezaHajizadehMolecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Science, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.Departments of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.SoudehFalahati-PourPistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.MehdiMahmoodiDepartments of Clinical Biochemistry, َAfzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.0000-0002-8463-8364Mohammad RezaMirzaeiMolecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Science, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.Departments of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.0000-0002-6283-5332Journal Article20180205Background: Nisin is a member of the group of anti-microbial peptides which are considered as bacteriocins,<br />but it possesses a vast range of activities. Astrocytoma is among the most prevalent types of brain tumor globally.<br />Considering all facts about this peptide, the aim of the present study was the evaluation of any impact of nisin on<br />proliferation and apoptosis of an astrocytoma cell line (SW1088). Methods: The SW1088 cell line was purchased from<br />the Pasteur Institute of Iran and treated with various concentrations of Nisin. Nisin-induced cell toxicity and apoptosis<br />were detected by both MTT assay and annexin V-FITC /propidium iodide (PI) staining. Result: In current study we<br />observed that the cell death and apoptosis were significantly increased following nisin treatment, as compared to the<br />control group. Conclusion: These results open a new window for establishment promising approaches with the concept<br />of anti-cancer therapy by nisin in the future.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66144_41490aa462c2df7dd99292381a9bdaca.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Egyptian Patients: Single Institution Retrospective Analysis222322276611510.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2223ENAhmedGaballahClinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0003-3562-3200AmrShafikClinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.KhaledElhusseinyClinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.MaiAshrafClinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20180205Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major toxicity that requires treatment<br />modification or cessation and worsens patients’ quality of life. Its incidence is 30–40%. Occurrence and severity depend<br />on treatment- and patient-related factors. The symptoms are self-limiting with recovery rate about 50%. Methods:<br />This retrospective analysis took place in our chemotherapy unit. We included patients treated between January 2014<br />and December 2015. Results: 250 patients were eligible. 53 received paclitaxel, 78 received docetaxel, 64 received<br />cisplatin and 55 received oxaliplatin. Mean age was 50.11 years. Frequency of CIPN was 46.8% (Grade I 70.9%, GII<br />24.7%, GIII 4.4%). It was 74% with oxaliplatin, 73.5% with paclitaxel, 35.9% with cisplatin and 17.9% with docetaxel.<br />After median of 6 months 24% of patients recovered completely. No significant correlation between occurrence of<br />CIPN and age (p = 0.781), while was significant with cisplatin (p = 0.043). Diabetic patients had higher incidence (p<br />= 0.007). With cisplatin, median cumulative dose of 450 mg/m2 and ≥ 6 cycles had higher incidence of CIPN (p 0.006<br />and 0.010; respectively). With oxaliplatin, none was correlated with CIPN frequence. With paclitaxel, CIPN was more<br />frequent if ≥ 4 cycles were received (p = 0.005). With docetaxel, > 4 cycles or cumulative dose ≥ 360 mg/m2 had higher<br />occurrence of GII CIPN (p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: CIPN is common problem that affects patients’ quality of<br />life and leads to treatment interruption. There are many factors affecting its incidence and severity.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66115_3c0de15831720b4c8825a45d90920e44.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Prostate Cancer Incidence is Correlated to Total Meat Intake– a Cross-National Ecologic Analysis of 172 Countries222922396615910.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2229ENWenpengYouAdelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia.MaciejHennebergAdelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia.Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich,
Switzerland.Journal Article20180215Objective: To examine the association of total meat (animal flesh) consumption to prostate cancer incidence<br />(PC61) at population level. Subjects and Methods: Data from 172 countries were extracted for analysis. Associations<br />between country specific per capita total meat intake and PC61 incidence at country level were examined using<br />Pearson’s r and Spearman rho, partial correlation, stepwise multiple linear regression analyses with ageing, GDP, Is<br />(index of magnitude of prostate cancer gene accumulation at population level), obesity prevalence and urbanization<br />included as the confounding factors. Countries were also grouped for regional association analysis. The data were<br />log-transformed for analysis in SPSS. Microsoft Excel, and ANOVA Post hoc Scheffe tests were applied to calculate<br />and compare mean differences between country groupings. Results: Worldwide, total meat intake was strongly and<br />positively associated with PC61 incidence in Pearson’s r (r= 0.595, p<0.001) and Spearman rho (r= 0.637, p<0.001)<br />analyses. This relationship remained significant in partial correlation (r= 0.295, p<0.001) when ageing, GDP, Is, obesity<br />prevalence and urbanization were kept statistically constant. GDP was weakly and insignificantly associated with PC61<br />when total meat intake was kept statistically constant. Stepwise multiple linear regression identified that total meat<br />was a significant predictor of PC61 with total meat intake and all the five confounders included as the independent<br />variables (R2=0.417). Post hoc Scheffe tests revealed nine significant mean differences of PC61 between the six WHO<br />regions, but all disappeared when the contributing effect of total meat on PC61 incidence rate was removed. GDP was<br />not identified as the statistically significant predictor of PC61 in either of the models including or excluding total meat<br />as the independent variable. Conclusions: Total meat intake is an independent predictor of PC61 worldwide, and the<br />determinant of regional variation of PC61. The longitudinal cohort studies are proposed to explore the association further.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66159_3deb510932c0b31b577187ce82b3ef1b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Germline Mutations and Polymorphisms of Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer Patients: Frequency and Results of in Silico Analysis224122456560810.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2241ENYuniaSribudianiDepartment of Biomedical Science, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.Medical Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.0000-0003-1985-3292Deinike WMarwanGraduate School Biomedical Sciences Master Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia.Aulanni’amAulanni’amFaculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.Muhammad AWidodoFaculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.Basuki BPurnomoFaculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.RamdanPanigoroDepartment of Biomedical Science, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.Medical Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.AhmadUtomoDepartement of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University, Surakarta, Indonesia.Journal Article20180222Background: Germline and somatic polymorphisms and mutations of the Androgen Receptor (AR) gene are known to<br />be associated with the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) in different populations. In this study we assessed germline AR<br />polymorphisms and mutations in PCa patients with prediction of pathogenicity of the identified mutations by in silico<br />analysis. Methods: Diagnosis of PCa was based on histopathology of prostate tissue (Gleason Score criteria) and serum<br />prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 38 patients. All exons and<br />exon-intron boundaries of AR were amplified using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) followed by Sanger sequencing.<br />In silico analysis was performed using Polyphen-2 and Mutation Taster®. Results: Two polymorphisms, CAG repeat<br />sequence (13-34 repeats in length) and p.Pro214Glu (MAF: 0.0789) located in exon 1 were identified. A missense<br />mutation (c.47C>A/p.Pro146Glu) and in-frame deletion of a CAG sequence leading to loss of Arginine at codon 85<br />(c.252_254delCAG/p.Arg85-) were identified in a 70 year old patient with a Gleason Score and PSA level of 2 and<br />2.4ng/dL, respectively. His PSA level decreased to < 0.5 ng/dL after 9 months of androgen deprivation therapy. Identified<br />mutations were predicted to be non-disease causing by Polyphen-2 and Mutation Taster®. Conclusion: Our data<br />demonstrated that the frequency of germline mutations of AR was low in PCa patients in Indonesia (5.26%: 2/38 alleles),<br />so that they are not likely to be major etiological factors. The in silico analysis of identified AR mutations in this study<br />corroborated the clinopathology features of the patient.https://journal.waocp.org/article_65608_fb8531d8262088ecbd51bde8b75f3654.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Perceived Importance of Information Needs on Breast Cancer among Adults: a Population-Based Survey in the District of Colombo, Sri Lanka224722536537110.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2247END CKuruppuMedical Library, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.0000-0003-0763-0497C NWijeyaratneDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.NalikaGunawardenaNational Professional Officer (Health Systems Evidence and Analysis), World Health Organization, Country Office for Sri Lanka, 226, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo, Sri Lanka.IAmarasingheFormer Senior Oncological Surgeon, National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka.Journal Article20180228Background: Information needs of Breast Cancer (BC) and its perceived importance has not been adequately<br />assessed in Sri Lanka. The present study aimed to assess cognitive information needs of BC among the adults. Methods:<br />A household survey was conducted among a representative sample (n=1500) of over 18 years of age resident in the<br />district of Colombo not having BC patients in the families. A validated interviewer-administered questionnaire collected<br />information on general and cognitive information needs. Exploratory factor analysis assessed whether any of the<br />aspects of informational needs are redundant and to group the needs. Results: Mean age of the participants was 37.21<br />(SD = ±9.7) years. Proportion of females was 51.7%, 82.9% were married and 44.1% had been educated up to General<br />Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level. Exploratory factor analysis revealed all items of the questionnaire to<br />form two groups that were named as “Factual information on BC prevention and early detection (screening and early<br />diagnosis)” and “Factual information on BC diagnosis and treatment”. Results indicated that both groups of information<br />needs were considered as highly important and the group “Factual information on BC diagnosis and treatment” (mean<br />score 4.20 ± 0.75) was perceived as more important than the other group. The perceived importance of information<br />needs was shown to be significantly different based on the sex of the adults, marital status, level of education and<br />the employment status of the participants. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that cognitive information needs on<br />BC are viewed as highly important by the general public. The study identified specific informational needs that are<br />perceived as more important and some socio-demographic characteristics that are associated with higher perceived<br />needs. The study recommends taking into account the findings of the study in designing the content and target groups<br />for education on BC.https://journal.waocp.org/article_65371_6733c8dc786c50638428982b66d7883c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Differential Effects of Inhibitory and Stimulatory Anti-HER2 Monoclonal Antibodies on AKT/ERK Signaling Pathways225522626614710.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2255ENTaherehSoltantoyehDepartment of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.TannazBahadoriAntibody Research
Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.RezaHosseini-GhatarDepartment of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.JalalKhoshnoodiDepartment of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AzamRoohiDepartment of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MaryamMobiniDepartment of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ForoughGolsaz-ShiraziDepartment of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MahmoodJeddi-TehraniAntibody Research
Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.Mohammad MehdiAmiriDepartment of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.FazelShokriDepartment of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Antibody Research
Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20180305Objective: Homo- and heterodimerization of the receptor tyrosine kinase HER2 hyperactivate several downstream<br />signaling pathways, leading to uncontrolled growth and proliferation of tumor cells. Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies<br />(mAbs) may induce different effects on HER2 dimerization and signaling. Methods: The effect of two inhibitory<br />(2A8, 1T0) and one stimulatory (1H9) anti-HER2 mAbs either alone or in combination with trastuzumab was investigated<br />on AKT and ERK signaling pathways and HER2 degradation in a human breast cancer cell line (BT-474) by Western<br />blotting. Result: While 1H9 mAb had no significant effect on AKT and ERK signaling pathways, 1T0 and 2A8 mAbs<br />inhibited phosphorylation of both pathways. Combination of 1T0 mAb with trastuzumab resulted in significant synergistic<br />inhibition of both pathways and HER2 degradation, much more potently than the combination of trastuzumab and<br />pertuzumab. Conclusion: Our data indicate that anti-HER2 mAbs may induce different signaling pathways depending<br />on their effect on tumor cell growth and proliferation. The significant inhibition of ERK and AKT phosphorylation by<br />1T0 alone or particularly in combination with trastuzumab suggests its potential therapeutic application for targeted<br />immunotherapy of HER2 overexpressing malignancies.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66147_85d5ca2473e4322d9f3cf5b15106b348.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Expression of Micro-RNA 128 and Let-7b in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cases226322676649810.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2263ENRoxan EShafikClinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute , NCI, Cairo University, Egypt.0000-0002-7403-839xNahedAbd El WahabClinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute , NCI, Cairo University, Egypt.Salwa ASenounClinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute , NCI, Cairo University, Egypt.EmadEbeidPediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute , NCI, Cairo University, Egypt.Maha AEl TaweelClinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute , NCI, Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20180305Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of leukemia and their altered<br />expression is associated with many types of solid and hematological malignancies. Methods: The study was performed<br />on 70 consecutive newly diagnosed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, of which 56 were evaluated<br />for both bone marrow miR-128 and let-7b (all 70 for let-7b) by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase<br />chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In addition, seven age and sex matched healthy controls were assessed. Results: miR-128<br />expression was significantly higher in ALL patients compared with healthy controls (p<0.001). However, the expression<br />levels of let-7b showed no statistical significant difference between the groups. No significant links were noted with<br />clinical details, laboratory data and response to treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that determination of<br />miR-128 expression level may provide a tool for confirmation of a diagnosis of childhood ALL, follow up for response<br />of treatment and a possible predictor of early relapse. Any role of let-7b in pediatric ALL needs to be further assessed.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66498_f3d28e2705cd9a8b2be493648b5770e7.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Differential Expression of RAGE, EGFR and Ki-67 in Primary Tumors and Lymph Node Deposits of Breast Carcinoma226922776649910.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2269ENTarekAboushoushaDepartment of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0002-6686-2442OlfatHammamDepartment of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.GehanSafwatFaculty of Biotechnology, October university for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt.AhmedEesaDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo university, Cairo, Egypt.ShazaAhmedFaculty of Biotechnology, October university for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0002-6686-2442Mohamed EmadEsmatDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo university, Cairo, Egypt.Ahmed HazemHelmyDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo university, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20180306Background: Breast cancer is a complex disease that results from the inheritance of a number of susceptible genes.<br />Intensive search wok was conducted world-wide on molecular bases of breast cancer in order to achieve the best<br />therapeutic modalities; however, breast cancer still remains a challengeable task. It is very important to determine if<br />the biological parameters in metastatic regional lymph nodes are similar to that in the primary breast cancer because<br />therapy is indicated for patients with synchronous metastatic regional lymph nodes of breast cancer. Difference in<br />therapeutic response in cases of breast cancer may be assumed partially to variability in the biological behavior of tumor<br />tissue in primary breast cancer and lymph node metastasis. Aim: Our aim is to evaluate any variability in the expression of<br />three types of tissue markers in both the primary breast tumors and corresponding axillary lymph nodes in order to<br />expect the targeted therapeutic effect on both sites. Material and Methods: Three markers from different categories;<br />RAGE, EGFR and Ki-67 were immunohistochemicalyl studied for their expression in biopsy specimens from primary<br />breast tumors and their corresponding axillary lymph nodes. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in<br />the expression of these markers between benign and malignant breast lesions.Although we found some differences in<br />the expression of the three studied markers between primary breast cancer and corresponding axillary lymph nodes, yet<br />these variations were mostly not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our findings support the validity of anti-RAGE<br />and anti-EGFR therapy for treatment of both primary and nodal metastatic breast cancer in immunopositive cases.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66499_9311a0ec530e9683fd6bd098558e1e00.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Comparative Study of Correlation between Angiogenesis Markers (CD31) and Ki67 Marker with Behavior of Aggressive and Nonaggressive Central Giant Cell Granuloma with Immunohistochemistry Technique227922836536210.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2279ENSeyed MohammadRazaviDental Material Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,
Isfahan, Iran.0000-0002-3504-9424RoyaYahyaabadiDental Material Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,
Isfahan, Iran.0000-0003-1318-5203Journal Article20180317Background: The central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is generally considered a non-neoplastic lesion. However,<br />some cases show aggressive behavior like neoplasms. Based on clinical observations, a number of researchers have<br />classified this lesion into aggressive and non- aggressive types. This study was aimed to investigate the association<br />between clinical behavior and histopathological features using immunohistochemical vascular CD31 and cellular<br />proliferation Ki67 markers. Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytical, clinicopathological and<br />immunohistochemical study, 50 CGCGs, including 25 aggressive and 25 non-aggressive types were selected according<br />to Chuong’s classification. The samples were then subjected to immunohistochemical staining to analyze positivity for<br />CD31 and Ki67 markers. Numbers of blood vessels and percentage proliferation of underlying fibroendothelial cells<br />were assessed, and the obtained results were analyzed with the t-test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results<br />showed a significant difference between aggressive and non-aggressive CGCG lesions in the mean incidences of Ki67<br />(p=0.044). and CD31 (p=0.003) positivity. Conclusion: The present evaluation of expression rates for the vascular<br />CD31 and cellular proliferation Ki67 markers showed there might be a positive relation between the clinical features<br />and histopathology of CGCG. Furthermore, clinical behavior may be predicted based on features such as the number<br />of blood vessels and proliferation of fibroendothelial cells.https://journal.waocp.org/article_65362_4febbd5f8f1c1a8fbea71e38764f7cc3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Stigma and Related Factors in Iranian People with Cancer228522906652710.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2285ENFatemehHasan ShiriStudent Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-1247-8787JamilehMohtashamiDepartment of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-6604-9702MalihehNasiriStudent Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-1496-7442HoumanManoochehriStudent Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-0393-6704CameliaRohaniDepartment of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing
and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-6456-6586Journal Article20180317Introduction: Stigma is one of the psychosocial and intercultural issues that can be found in chronic diseases,<br />including cancer. Stigma may reduce communication due to social isolation, feeling shame and others’ judgment, and<br />these factors make far from professional services and poor health outcomes in individuals with cancer. Assessment<br />of stigma can help determine and recognize the overall levels of stigma in the community and identify situations that<br />need intervention. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine stigma and related factors in individuals with<br />cancer in Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 142 patients with cancer selected<br />via convenience sampling method in two hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti Medical University. A demographic<br />as well as clinical record form and “A questionnaire for measuring attitudes toward cancer (cancer stigma) ‑ Patients<br />version” by Cho et al., (2013) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and<br />regression analysis. Results: More than one quarter of participants (26.1%) had negative attitudes toward cancer<br />and high stigma score>= 2.5. More than half of the participants (57.5%) agreed that their job performance would be<br />reduced even after treatment. 54.5% of the patients considered it difficult to regain health after being diagnosed. There<br />was a significant correlation between the stigma score and the level of education (p= 0.033, OR=0.78). Conclusion:<br />The results showed that stigma in dimensions of impossibility of recovery and stereotypical aspects of cancer were<br />more common. These findings can lead to interventions and educational efforts on cancer coherence which may help<br />in treatment, rehabilitation and return to normal life.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66527_5b1b08e998d9bcab500dad68994966ca.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Role of Morphometry and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Differentiating between Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Low Grade Endometrial Adenocarcinoma229122976635610.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2291ENMagda IAssafDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Cairo, Egypt.WafaaAbd El-AalDepartment of Pathology, Medical Division, National
Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.Samah SMohamedDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Cairo, Egypt.Noha NYassenDepartment of Pathology, Medical Division, National
Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0001-7641-2886Eman AMohamedDepartment of Pathology, Medical Division, National
Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20180318Background: Endometrial carcinomas are common gynecologic malignancies worldwide. In Egypt they represent<br />2.6 %. We evaluated the role of morphometry and MMP-9 immunohistochemical expression to differentiate atypical<br />endometrial hyperplasia from low grade endometrial adenocarcinoma. Methods: 60 cases of endometrial lesions that<br />included 25 cases of complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, 25 cases of low grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma,<br />in addition to 10 cases of proliferative endometrium as a control group. Morphometric measurements and D-score<br />were evaluated. MMP9 was performed using streptavidin –biotin immunoperoxidase system. Results: D score was<br />more than 1 in 100% of cases of proliferative endometrium. In atypical hyperplasia 28 % of cases had a D-score more<br />than 1, 44% less than 0 and 28% of cases had a D score between 0 and 1 with uncertain prognosis. All carcinoma<br />cases had D-score less than 0. MMP9 was positive in all cases of the study but differ in its degree of expression;<br />proliferative endometrium with low expression. Atypical hyperplasia divided as 52% low expression and 48% high<br />expression. Most of the Endometrial adenocarcinoma cases (92%) showed high expression. There was significant<br />difference in expression of MMP9 in atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma (p> 0.001).<br />Conclusion: The relation between MMP9 expression and D-score value in cases of atypical endometrial hyperplasia<br />was highly significant P>0.001Thus, incorporating both MMP9 immunoexpression and D-score value would increase<br />the accuracy of diagnosis of atypical endometrial hyperplasia and low grade endometrial adenocarcinoma.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66356_a7fadb906528d4582298526eef313aa4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Knowledge of Colorectal Cancer Symptoms and Risk Factors in the Kingdom of Bahrain: a Cross- Sectional Study229923046559010.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2299ENHusain ANasaifRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bahrain.Sayed MahmoodAl QallafUniversity of Bahrain,
College of Health Sciences, Allied Health Department, Bahrain.Journal Article20180328Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is second in incidence rates in both genders in the Kingdom of Bahrain,<br />with the number of new CRC cases sharply increasing in the last two decades. This study aimed to assess the levels<br />of knowledge regarding CRC among people living in the Kingdom. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was<br />used to recruit a convenient sample of 505 adults aged 25 years or above. Face to face structured interviews were<br />conducted to supplement data gained from the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of participants was 37 (±10.43)<br />years. Changes in bowel habits were the most commonly identified symptoms (46%) followed by lower abdominal<br />pain (44%). Family history was the most commonly identified risk factor (38%) followed by smoking (28%). The<br />overall score of knowledge of CRC was 56 (±18.4). The scores for symptoms and risk factors were 59 (±26.2) and 53<br />(±17.5) respectively. It was found that female participants had better knowledge 59 (±17) than males 54 (±19) (P =<br />.001). Participants with high levels of education had better knowledge (63%) compared with other groups, although<br />this was not statistically significant (P = .067). Conclusion: This study indicates poor knowledge among people living<br />in Bahrain regarding CRC symptoms and risk factors. Strategies and educational initiatives need to be implemented<br />to enhance the general public’s awareness in this respect.https://journal.waocp.org/article_65590_4cf89afc8d18ee0b5abda1862acba42d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801miR-1266-5p and miR-185-5p Promote Cell Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines230523116537410.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2305ENShivaOstadrahimiDepartment of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Cancer Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.ManuchehrAbedi-ValugerdiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Cancer Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.MoustaphaHassanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Cancer Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.GhazalHaddadMolecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ShimaFayazDepartment of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.MonirehParvizHamidiDepartment of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.RezaMahdianDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.PezhmanFard-EsfahaniDepartment of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20180329Objective: Small non-coding RNA molecules are dysregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). In our previous study,<br />downregulation of miR-1266 and miR-185 was demonstrated in PCa tissues and cell lines. The aim of the present<br />study was to investigate whether miR-1266 and miR-185 are involved in the regulation of B-cell lymphoma (BCL) 2<br />and BCL2L1, respectively, and whether transfection of PCa cell lines with miR-1266 and miR-185 mimics can alter<br />tumorigenic phenotypes. Methods: In order to investigate the regulation of BCL2 and BCL2L1 mRNA levels by<br />miR-1266 and miR-185, respectively, a luciferase reporter assay was used. Real-time PCR was also used to analyze<br />changes in the levels of BCL2 and BCL2L1 mRNAs in PCa cell lines following transfection with synthetic miR-1266<br />and miR-185. Cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V protein expression analysis via flow cytometry. In addition<br />to the MTT assay, a cell proliferation assay was performed. Result: A luciferase assay confirmed that the BCL2 and<br />BCL2L1 genes may be targeted by miR-1266 and miR-185, respectively, through binding to their 3′UTR regions.<br />Transfection of PC3 and DU145 cells with miR-1266 and miR-185 induced apoptosis and reduced proliferation, which<br />also revealed an inverse correlation with BCL2 and BCL2L1 gene expression in the treated cells. Conclusion: Our<br />data suggests that miR-1266 and miR-185 may be novel candidates for further research in PCa treatment through the<br />anti-apoptotic pathway.https://journal.waocp.org/article_65374_248612b5736bdba90c105f770bb58ecd.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Immune Response to Human Papillomavirus One Year after Prophylactic Vaccination with AS04-Adjuvanted HPV-16/18 Vaccine: HPV-Specific IgG and IgA Antibodies in the Circulation and the Cervix231323176616110.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2313ENAna PaulaFerreira CostaPostgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.Ana KatherineGoncalvesPostgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.Department of Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.Paula Renata LimaMachadoDepartment of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.Luanda B. F. C. DeSouzaDepartment of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.AyaneSarmentoDepartment of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.Ricardo Ney OliveiraCobucciDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Potiguar, UnP Natal, Brazil.Paulo CésarGiraldoDepartment of Gynecology, and Obstetrics, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.Steven SWitkinDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.Journal Article20180331Objective: This study was designed to describe the course of IgG/IgA responses in cervical secretions and in serum<br />one year after the first dose of intramuscular administration of the HPV16/18 AS04-adjuvant vaccine. Methods: Blood<br />and cervical mucus samples were collected for immunologic assays, 7 months after the first doses and 1 year following<br />the last boost vaccination (month 7) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The detection of IgG and IgA<br />anti-HPV/VLP was developed for this purpose. Result: A total of 100% of serum samples were IgG antibody positive<br />at a titer of 1:100 at both time periods and decreased according to the serum dilution. For serum IgA antibody, 95%<br />were positive one month after vaccination and 79% were positive 1 year later. Similar results were observed with<br />the cervical samples positive for both IgG and IgA antibodies at one month and decreasing after 1 year to 33% and<br />29%. The median absorbance in serum and the cervix for IgG and IgA anti-HPV-VLP antibodies was significantly<br />higher at one month after vaccination when compared to 1 year post-vaccination (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Immune<br />responses were significant one year after immunization, however it decreased in cervical and serum samples when<br />compared to levels observed one month after the last dose. This suggests that a vaccine booster may be necessary to<br />increase antibody titers.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66161_0ec80904340126b5e1be81d61853cd4c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Evaluation of BAX and BCL-2 Gene Expression and Apoptosis Induction in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line CCRFCEM after High- Dose Prednisolone Treatment231923236651610.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2319ENAminGhasemiStudent Research Committee, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.0000-0001-9460-9615TaghiKhanzadehHematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.MiladZadi HeydarabadHematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.ArashKhorramiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.AkramJahanban EsfahlanDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.SomayehGhavipanjehDepartment of Psychiatric Nursing, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.MehdiGholipour BelverdiStudent Research Committee, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.SagharDarvishani FikouhiStudent Research Committee, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.AkbarDarbinShahid Madani Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.MaliheNajafpourMedical Biotechnology Research center, School of Nursing, Midwifery and paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.AkoAzimiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.0000-0003-0962-818XJournal Article20180410Objective: Glucocorticoids are one of the most important drugs in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia<br />for children. It is very important to response to glucocorticoid in the prognosis of these patients. Therefore, resistance<br />to treatment is a major problem in lymphoid leukemia cases. In, this study, CCRF-CEM cell line was selected as a<br />chemotherapy-resistant model. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high dose prednisolone on induction<br />of apoptosis and changes in BAX and BCL-2 gene expression at different times. Methods: CCRF-CEM cell lines were<br />grown in standard conditions. Based on previous studies, a dose of 700 μM as subtoxic dose was selected. Changes in<br />gene expression of BAX and BCL-2 were evaluated by using real time PCR techniques. Also stained with annexin V<br />and the induction of apoptosis was assessed by FACS machine. Results: In this study it was found that prednisolone in<br />high doses at different times significantly increased the gene expression of BAX and on the other hand the amount of<br />BCL-2 expression was reduced. Cells that treated for 48 hours had more significant changes in gene expression. Based<br />on flowcytometry data, prednisolone can induce apoptosis in a time dependent manner on this cancerous resistant cell<br />line. Conclusions: Apoptosis induced by high-dose prednisolone in the CCRF-CEM cells, which is almost resistant,<br />and possibly mediated by reducing the expression of BCL-2 and BAX up-regulation.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66516_205c534d90ddb62f7617d165364e1323.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Skin Disorders and Primary Tumor Location as Prognostic Factors in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Cetuximab and Chemotherapy232523306608610.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2325ENShinyaTakadaDepartment of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Japan.0000-0002-6845-5533TamotsuSagawaDepartment of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Japan.KoshiFujikawaDepartment of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Japan.KanaeTahatsuDepartment of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Japan.YutaFukaiDepartment of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Japan.HirokazuHashishitaDepartment of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Japan.YasuoTakahashiDepartment of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Japan.MasayukiEndoDepartment of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Japan.Journal Article20180419Background: Cetuximab-induced skin disorder is common in colorectal cancer (CRC), and is known to affect<br />prolonged overall survival (OS). Patients with left-sided CRC survive longer than those with right-sided CRC, among<br />those treated with combination cetuximab and chemotherapy. However, no study has evaluated patient prognosis<br />in terms of OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in relation to both tumor location and skin disorder. This study<br />aimed to determine the incidence of skin disorder according to tumor location and analyze the relationship of tumor<br />location and skin disorder with OS. Methods: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with standard<br />chemotherapy and cetuximab as first-line therapy were included. Differences in the incidence of skin disorders due to<br />the location of the primary tumors were compared in the same patient. The OS and PFS in relation to the location of<br />the primary tumors and presence or absence of skin disorder were also compared. Results: Total frequency of each<br />skin disorder as rash acneiform, paronychia, and dry skin in patients with left- and right-sided mCRC was 70%, 70%,<br />and 43% and 27%, 36%, and 27%, respectively. The median OS was 8.9 months for mCRC on the left-sided without<br />skin disorder and 56.3 months for mCRC on the left-sided with skin disorder. In comparison, the median OS was 10.4<br />months for mCRC on the right-sided without skin disorder and 11.3 months for mCRC on the right-sided with skin<br />disease (left-sided with skin disorder versus other three group; P<0.001). Conclusions: Primary tumor location and<br />the presence of skin disorder are important factors in patients with mCRC who receive cetuximab. In particular, our<br />results show the new fact that the left-sided and right-sided mCRC survival time were comparable if there is no skin<br />disorder caused by cetuximab.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66086_658d184246747cc69da3210de1b66f33.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Perceived Physical Strain at Work and Incidence of Prostate Cancer – a Case-Control Study in Sweden and Finland233123356649210.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2331ENJormaSormunenFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.Tampere University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Tampere, Finland.0000-0002-1992-1251MadarTalibovFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.0000-0002-6548-358XPärSparénDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.Jan IvarMartinsenDepartment of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway.0000-0002-5184-8971ElisabeteWeiderpassDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway.Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.0000-0003-2237-0128EeroPukkalaFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland.Journal Article20180421The evidence that prostate cancer is associated to physical inactivity is inconsistent. We studied the association of<br />perceived physical workload (PPWL) at work and incidence of prostate cancer in a case-control setting. We used data<br />from the Nordic Occupational Cancer study from Finland and Sweden. Five population controls were selected for<br />each prostate cancer patient, matched on age and country. We had 239,835 cases and 1,199,175 controls in our study.<br />For each case and control we estimated cumulative PPWL based on probability, level and duration of PPWL using<br />the NOCCA Job Exposure Matrix. We then stratified individuals as having no exposure (reference category), low<br />physical activity (below 50th percentile of the exposed), moderate exposure (50th-90th percentile) and high exposure<br />(90th percentile and higher). The hazard ratios for prostate cancer from the lowest to highest cumulative PPWL levels<br />were 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.89-0.91), 0.88 (0.87-0.89) and 0.93 (0.92-0.95). There was no statistically<br />significant dose response effect of PPWL on prostate cancer incidence. Inclusion of socioeconomic status in the model<br />did not substantially change the result. The results were similar before Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing and<br />during the years of PSA testing in these countries. In summary, individuals with physical strain at work had a lower<br />risk of invasive prostate cancer as compared to individuals without physical strain at work.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66492_00ddc91b2bfdf38dbdfa0efe27a11682.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Childhood Cancer in Basrah, Iraq During 2012-2016: Incidence and Mortality233723416653010.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2337ENJasim NAl-AsadiDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.https://orcid.org/veSarah JIbrahimBasrah General Health Directorate,
Basrah, Iraq.Journal Article20180515Background: Worldwide, childhood cancer is rare. In addition, a distinct variation in both incidence and type<br />distribution was reported between countries. Aim: To estimate the incidence and mortality rates of childhood cancer<br />in Basrah, Iraq during 2012-2016. Methods: This registry based descriptive study included children aged 0-14 years<br />with primary cancer who were newly diagnosed in Basrah during 2012-2016. The types of malignant tumors were<br />classified according to International Classification of Childhood Cancer, Version 3 (ICCC-3). The overall and specific<br />incidence and mortality rates by age and sex were calculated per 100,000 population. Results: A total of 723 new cases<br />of childhood cancer were registered during the five- year study period, with a male to-female ratio of 1.2/1. Children<br />aged incidence rate (ASIR) was 13.87/100,000. Boys showed higher incidence rate than girls (14.78 vs. 12.66/100,000).<br />Leukemia was the most common type of childhood cancer accounting for 35.4%, followed by lymphoma (17.8%),<br />and central nervous system tumors 11.9%. The overall cancer-specific mortality rate was 6.04/100,000 and the ASMR<br />was 6.08/100,000 children. Conclusion: The incidence rate of childhood cancer in Basrah as well as the cancer type<br />distribution was comparable to that reported for developing countries.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66530_b15e957bed6d55bb31fd7eef564da781.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Colorectal Cancer Risk Awareness and Screening Uptake among Adults in the United Arab Emirates234323496654110.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2343ENLatifaAl AbdouliPrimary Healthcare Sector, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.HendDalmookPrimary Healthcare Sector, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.MahaAkram AbdoPrimary Healthcare Sector, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.FrederickCarrickBedfordshire Centre for Mental Health Research in association with University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.Department of
Neurology, Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, FL, USA.Department of Medical Education, Harvard Macy and MGH Institutes,
Boston, MA, USA.MaheraAbdul RahmanDepartment of Medical Education, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.0000-0001-6271-3776Journal Article20180516United Arab Emirates initiated the colorectal cancer (CRC) screening on 2013. Yet, one of the barriers to participation<br />in CRC screening is lack of knowledge about the importance of CRC, its risk factors, and the benefits that could be<br />gained through screening. We aimed in this study to identify knowledge, attitude, and behavioral factors among the<br />public that are associated with willingness to undergo CRC screening. A structured bilingual questionnaire in English<br />and Arabic was designed by a multidisciplinary team and through a review of the literature. The survey consisted of<br />four functional domains: socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice related questions. It<br />was encouraging that more than 65% of the total participants surveyed for the study were aware of CRC and their<br />main source of information was media (395, 66%). However, the majority (379, 64%) were thinking that CRC is not<br />common, and did not hear of the screening test for CRC (401, 67%). An overall evaluation of the answers revealed a<br />poor level of knowledge on risk factors of CRC, and only 40% correctly identified fecal occult blood as main test for<br />CRC prevention. Surprisingly, 95% of participants mentioned that the CRC screening was not recommended to them<br />by a physician. This is the first report analyzing the awareness, attitude and practice of UAE population and assessing<br />the barriers for CRC screening. Our results demonstrate that better education and communication of the benefits of<br />early detection of CRC should be addressed to improve the screening in UAE population. There is need for campaigns<br />and educational programs, both for health care providers and public. Media might play a significant role in this aspect<br />and new policies need to focus more on increasing community awareness on cancer preventive measures in UAE.https://journal.waocp.org/article_66541_71b654b861eb9369310f049be0f5db0b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736819820180801Early Detection of Oral Cancer- Dentists’ Knowledge and Practices in the United Arab Emirates235123556518510.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2351ENRaghadHashimGrowth and Development Department Ajman University Ajman, United Arab Emirates.AymanAbo-FanasGrowth and Development Department Ajman University Ajman, United Arab Emirates.AliAl-TakGrowth and Development Department Ajman University Ajman, United Arab Emirates.AmerAl-KadriGrowth and Development Department Ajman University Ajman, United Arab Emirates.YousefAbu EbaidGrowth and Development Department Ajman University Ajman, United Arab Emirates.Journal Article20180207Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, opinions and practices of dentists regarding early<br />detection of oral cancer in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using<br />a simple random sampling technique with a self-reported questionnaire applied to 298 dentists, working in private and<br />public sectors in three cities (Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah) in the UAE. Dentists’ knowledge about risk factors and<br />diagnostic concepts of oral cancer, current practices and opinions as well as interest in continuing education programs<br />were assessed. Results: The dentists, aged 23-65 years, were generally aware of the major risk factors most likely<br />associated with oral cancer. Thirty percent of the participants identified the tongue as the most common site on which<br />oral cancer develops. The best known clinical presentation of oral cancer identified by the respondents was a persistent<br />ulcer (87.6 %). Only thirty dentists (9.9%) were comfortable in performing a biopsy in their clinic. Less than half (48.0%)<br />had attended a continuing education course on oral cancer within the past 5 years. The majority of the participants<br />(84.9%) felt that they needed further training on oral cancer detection. Conclusion: The findings of the present study<br />identified several deficiencies in the knowledge of dentists working in the UAE with regard to early detection of oral<br />cancer. Some changes to dental educational and training could be made to improve the confidence and ability of dentists<br />in this regard.https://journal.waocp.org/article_65185_e9e69f9a3ed9dc1e8d87ad706540eeb2.pdf