West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Targeting Inflammation in Ovarian Cancer Through Natural Antioxidants, Potential Therapeutic and Preventive Implications268726907528210.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2687ENMayankSinghDepartment of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.0000-0003-0728-1936AbhishekShankarDepartment of Preventive Oncology, Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.K SDhimanDirector General, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Delhi, India.RajeshKotechaSecretary, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Delhi, India.Goura KishorRathProfessor and Chief, Dr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital & Head, National Cancer Institute - India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.Journal Article20181024There is extensive experimental data to support<br />the hypothesis that Reactive oxygen species (ROS)<br />accumulation is one of the major underlying mechanism<br />for carcinogenesis. Many forms of cancer are associated<br />with excessive accumulation of ROS including ovarian<br />cancer. It is now well understood that ROS production<br />should be scavenged by antioxidant defence mechanism/<br />DNA damage response of the human body to maintain<br />natural homeostasis (Kruk and Aboul-Enein, 2017).<br />Dysregulation of this balance leads to many inflammatory<br />diseases including the high risk of developing cancer. High<br />ROS concentration is associated with accumulation of<br />mutations which over the years leads to development of<br />cancer. Metabolic pathways including aerobic oxidation<br />in mitochondria respiratory are the major source of ROS<br />which in turn effect different signalling pathways (Kruk<br />and Aboul-Enein, 2017).https://journal.waocp.org/article_75282_8743f8b6f484b13477338accfa2cde55.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Amount of Narratives Used on Japanese Pro- and Anti-HPV Vaccination Websites: A Content Analysis269126946912010.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2691ENTsuyoshiOkuharaDepartment of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.HironoIshikawaDepartment of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.MasahumiOkadaDepartment of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.MioKatoDepartment of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.TakahiroKiuchiDepartment of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.Journal Article20171214Background: HPV vaccination is an effective way in preventing cervical cancer. However, HPV vaccination<br />coverage rate has fallen to only a few percent in Japan. Anti HPV-vaccination websites often use narratives of those<br />who have experienced adverse reactions to HPV vaccine to enhance their persuasiveness. Scholars suggest using the<br />same medium to promote HPV vaccination online; e.g., presenting narratives of those who have experienced cervical<br />cancer. We examined the amount of narratives used on Japanese pro- and anti-HPV vaccination websites. Methods: We<br />conducted online searches using two major search engines (Googl.jp and Yahoo!.jp). Identified websites were classified<br />as “pro,” “anti,” or “neutral” depending on their claims. Two independent raters coded the pro and anti websites and<br />counted the number of narratives of people who experienced side effects of HPV vaccine or cervical cancer. Results:<br />A total 26% of anti websites posted narratives on side effects. No pro websites posted narratives about having cervical<br />cancer. Conclusion: Pro-HPV vaccination websites is recommended to post narratives to enhance the persuasiveness<br />of their arguments.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69120_3a6acde24ca02b8cbd6c5ddaa07abd16.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Cancer Patients During and after Natural and Man-Made Disasters: A Systematic Review269527006990710.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2695ENHasan AbolghasemGorjiSchool of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.HamidJafariDepartment of Health in Emergency and Disaster, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-9632-4338MohammadHeidariDepartment of Medical and Surgical, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.0000-0001-7767-5645BaharSeifiDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180410Background: Disasters affect all social functions. In particular, hospitals must mobilize their resources for response to<br />mass injuries. This process can affected treatment of cancer patients and may resulted in delayed care. Considering the<br />importance of continuity of care for cancer patients, the aim of this systematic review was to identify challenges and<br />preparedness measures for cancer patients during and after disasters. Materials and Methods: This systematic review<br />that was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)<br />guidelines between January 2000 to December 2017. The keywords searched included: “disaster,” “emergency,”<br />“crisis,” “disruptive event,” “technological disaster,” “natural disaster,” “cancer,” “cancer patient,” “chronic disease,”<br />“continuity of care,” and “patient with chronic disease. “The Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct,<br />PubMed and Scopus databases were searched. Results: After screening and review of article eligibility, seven were<br />included in the study. The selected articles were compared from several aspects. The results showed that most publications concerned all of the chronic diseases or all types of cancers. In addition breast cancer appeared a field of interest in disaster studies. Cancer studies in disaster management usually concentrated less on technological disasters. Conclusion: In aftermath of disasters, the concentration on measures to provide services for injuries and food, water and shelter, results in many challenges for cancer patients. Thus the health system must prepare cancer patients and caregivers for better responses to disasters. In addition, surge capacity must be considered in hospitals and other medical facilities to guarantee continuity of care.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69907_401c595535596d11ee6f68bbc9ec54fe.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Appraising of the Clinical Practice Guidelines Quality in the Non-Pharmacological Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia; A Review270127076990510.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2701ENShahinSalarvandSocial Determinant Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.0000-0002-3326-1624SiminHematiDepartment of Radiation Oncology , Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.PaymanAdibiIntegrative Functional
Gastroenterology research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.FaribaTaleghaniNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,
Iran.Journal Article20180523Background: Febrile neutropenia is a common and serious chemotherapy side effect, is associated with increased<br />mortality, morbidity, and treatment expenditures. Several CPGs (Clinical practice guidelines) have been released<br />for managing chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia. The aim of this study is Appraisal of the clinical practice<br />Guidelines quality in the management of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia. Methods: A review study with<br />a systematic search of the present CPGs for the management of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia. After<br />screening the CPGs based on eligibility criteria, three CPGs were selected and 5 independent reviewers appraised them<br />for methodological quality by using the AGREE II Instrument. Results: Three CPGs were included; all of them were<br />evidence-based guidelines. The clarity of presentation domain scored the highest and the applicability domain has the<br />lowest score among all domains of AGREE instrument and the rest of domains scored as descending respectively;<br />Scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, editorial independence, rigor of development. In general, the intra-class<br />correlation coefficient (ICC) scores of all domains were very good according to the Landis and Koch’s scale, except<br />the Applicability domain scored as substantial. Conclusions: This study showed the quality of appraised CPGs. Three<br />domains of these CPGs based on the AGREE instrument scored less than other domains and were in relatively unfavorable<br />status: applicability, rigor of development, editorial independence. Given the importance of these domains in guideline<br />implementation, it is necessary to take actions for reducing these defects.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69905_ae842699d2382f295913672357085f6f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Association between rs1862513 and rs3745367 Genetic Polymorphisms of Resistin and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis270927166990610.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2709ENMohammadHashemiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.GholamrezaBahariDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.FarhadTabasiStudent Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.AbdolkarimMoazeni-RoodiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.SaeidGhavamiChildren Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Biology of Breathing Theme, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.Health policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.Journal Article20180616The present study aimed to assess any associations between resistin gene (RETN) polymorphisms and cancer<br />susceptibility by conducting a meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search was performed with PubMed, Web of<br />Science, Scopus and Google Scholar for relevant studies published before April 2018. For the rs1862513 polymorphism,<br />data from 9 studies covering 1,951 cancer patients and 2,295 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled<br />odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Our meta-analysis revealed that this RETN<br />polymorphism significantly increased the risk of cancer in codominant (OR=1.23, 95% CI= 1.01-1.50, p=0.04, CG vs CC;<br />and OR=1.25, 95% CI= 1.03-1.53, p=0.03, GG vs CC), dominant (OR=1.19, 95% CI= 1.05-1.35, p=0.006, CG+GG vs CC), CI= 1.00-1.30, p=0.04, G vs C) inheritance genetic models. Stratification analysis by cancer<br />type revealed that the rs1862513 variant significantly increased the risk of colorectal and breast cancer, and that cancer<br />overall in Caucasians (OR=1.22, 95% CI= 1.04-1.43, p=0.02, CG+GG vs CC; OR=1.18, 95% CI= 1.04-1.34, p=0.01,<br />G vs C). The data revealed no correlation between the rs3745367 polymorphism and cancer risk. Further well-designed<br />studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnicities are warranted to validate the present findings.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69906_f3113b580cf8112856e8d1427c9cc5bc.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Impact of an Educational Intervention Based on the BASNEF Model on Skin Cancer Preventive Behavior of College Students271727227038510.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2717ENMorad AliZareipourPhD student in Health Education and Health Promotion, Urmia Health Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.HassanMahmoodiSchool of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.RohollahValizadehStudent Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.PhD Student in Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMousaGhelichi GhojoghPhd Student in Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.MonirehRezaie MoradaliSchool of Nursing and midwifery, Islamic Azad University Urmia, Urmia, Iran.PhD student in health education and health promotion, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran. Iran.FatemehZarePhD student in health education and health promotion, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran. Iran.Journal Article20170513Background: Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world but is largely preventable through<br />protective behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention based<br />on the BASNEF model on skin cancer prevention and protective behavior in midwifery students in Urmia.<br />Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the subject population comprised 100 midwifery students in two groups,<br />study and control (n = 50 in each). The sample was collected using a stratified random sampling method. The data<br />collection tool was a multi-section questionnaire which included demographic questions, knowledge and structures<br />(attitude, enabling factors, subjective norms, behavior and attitude). The educational intervention was carried out in<br />three 45-minute sessions. Data were collected during face-to-face discussions before the educational intervention and<br />three months thereafter and analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test statistics. Results: The results showed<br />that after intervention, mean score of knowledge was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control<br />group. Significant improvement in mean scores for attitude, enabling factors, mental norms, and intent of behavior<br />was limited to the study group Also, behavior for prevention of skin cancer was significantly better in the intervention<br />group. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the BASNEF model is effective for promotion of skin cancer<br />prevention behavior.https://journal.waocp.org/article_70385_9fe8c6ae93f7eaadb88786b8ccf844a1.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Association of Elevated Peripheral Blood Micronucleus Frequency and Bmi-1 mRNA Expression with Metastasis in Iranian Breast Cancer Patients272327306911210.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2723ENMahdiehSalimiDepartment of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
(NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.ElahehEskandariDepartment of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
(NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170628Background: In order to find cytogenetic and molecular metastasis biomarkers detectable in peripheral blood the<br />spontaneous genomic instability expressed as micronuclei and Bmi-1 expression in peripheral blood of breast cancer<br />(BC) patients were studied in different stages of the disease compared with unaffected first-degree relatives (FDRs)<br />and normal control. Methods: The Cytokinesis Block Micronuclei Cytome (CBMN cyt) and nested real-time Reverse<br />Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assays, were respectively used to measure genomic instability and<br />Bmi-1 gene expression in 160 Iranian individuals comprised of BC patients in different stages of the disease, unaffected<br />FDRs and normal control groups. Result: The frequency of micronuclei and Bmi-1 expression were dramatically higher<br />in distant metastasis compared with non-metastatic BC. In spite of micronucleus frequency with no association with<br />lymph node (LN) involvement and hormone receptor status, the Bmi-1 expression level was higher in LN positive and<br />triple negative patients. Conclusion: Our results indicate that increased genomic instability expressed as micronuclei and<br />higher Bmi-1 expression in peripheral blood are associated with metastasis in breast cancer. Therefore implementation<br />of micronucleus assay and Bmi-1 expression analysis in blood as possible cytogenetic and molecular biomarkers in<br />clinical level may potentially enhance the quality of management of patients with breast cancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69112_1ca3749ae3a6b03b9ade2dd125ccfd4a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001HLA-G Expression in Tumor Tissues and Soluble HLA-G Plasma Levels in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer273127356907310.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2731ENShirinFarjadianDepartment of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.MaryamTabebordbarDepartment of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.MaralMokhtariDepartment of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.AkbarSafaeiDepartment of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.MahyarMalekzadehInstitute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran.0000-0003-1581-0471AbbasGhaderiDepartment of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran.Journal Article20170702Background: Overexpression of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) and increased plasma levels of soluble<br />HLA-G (sHLA-G) have been reported in different human malignancies, and are believed to be involved in tumor immune<br />evasion. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the expression of HLA-G in tumor tissues and the plasma<br />levels of sHLA-G in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, and to determine their associations with clinicopathological<br />factors. The link between Helicobacter pylori infection and increased HLA-G expression or sHLA-G levels was also<br />investigated in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: HLA-G expression was investigated in tumor tissues from 100<br />patients with gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemistry test, and plasma levels of sHLA-G<br />were measured in 82 patients with ELISA method. The presence of H. pylori genome was investigated in tumor<br />tissues from 25 patients with gastric cancer by PCR method. Results: HLA-G expression was observed in 43% of<br />colorectal cancers and 34.6% of gastric cancers, and was not related with any of the clinicopathological factors. There<br />was a significant correlation between increased sHLA-G level and stage I tumors. Eight of 25 (32%) gastric cancer<br />specimens were positive for H. pylori, of which 3 samples were positive for HLA-G. Soluble HLA-G levels were above<br />the cut-off value in all H. pylori-positive patients. Conclusion: Plasma levels of sHLA-G were significantly increased<br />in our patients with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 62%. Soluble HLA-G level can be considered a useful<br />indicator for the early diagnosis of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69073_0b81fd0f2fb7f4b2ada248eae6b987f2.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Orthosiphon stamineus Extracts Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Uterine Fibroid Cells273727446911910.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2737ENNorzilawatiPauziFaculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.Khamsah SuryatiMohdFaculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.Nor HidayahAbdul HalimFaculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.ZhariIsmailSchool of
Pharmaceutical Science, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.Journal Article20170814Objectives: The effects of water and 50% ethanolic-water extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (OS) on cell<br />proliferation and apoptotic activity against uterine leiomyosarcoma (SK-UT-1) cells were investigated. Methods:<br />Anti-proliferation effect was evaluated through cell cycle analysis whereas apoptotic activity was determined via<br />screening and quantifying using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. The effect of<br />extracts on molecular mechanism was studied using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and<br />Western blotting. Results: Cell cycle flow cytometric analysis showed the induction of cell cycle arrests were behaves<br />in a p53-independent manner. The examination using fluorescence microscopy and Annexin V flow cytometry revealed<br />the presence of morphological features of apoptotic bodies. Downregulation of anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2) supports<br />the apoptotic activity of OS extracts although poorly induce PARP-1 cleavage in Western blot analysis. The extracts<br />also inhibit the SK-UT-1 growth by suppressing VEGF-A, TGF-β1 and PCNA genes, which involved in angiogenesis<br />and cell proliferation. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that O. stamineus extracts are able to inhibit proliferation<br />and induced apoptosis of uterine fibroid cells and is worth further investigation.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69119_a7e83405738ce760358f177bbbd50571.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Concurrent Chemo- Radiobrachytherapy with Cisplatin and Medium Dose Rate Intra- Cavitary Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Uterine Cervical Cancer274527507039010.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2745ENMahdiAghiliRadiation Oncology Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran.BahramAndalibRadiation Oncology Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran.ZhalehKarimi MoghaddamDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.AfsanehMaddah SafaeiRadiation Oncology Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran.FarnazAmoozgar HashemiRadiation Oncology Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran.NimaMousavi DarzikolaeiRadiation Oncology Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170912Objective: Cervical carcinoma is the third most common gynecologic cancer, after ovarian and uterine cancers<br />in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy (response rate) and toxicity of adding Medium Dose Rate<br />(MDR) brachytherapy with concurrent chemotherapy to External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) for the treatment of<br />locally advanced uterine cervical carcinoma. Methods: This phase I-II study was conducted in 2007-2008 at the cancer<br />institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Patients were treated with pelvic EBRT (50 Gy in 25 Fraction) with<br />concomitant chemotherapy to obtain tumor shrinkage and permit optimal intra-cavitary placement. One week after the<br />completion of EBRT, patients were treated by 12 Gy MDR Intra-cavitary brachytherapy for two periods of one day<br />with a one week interval and concomitant platinum based chemotherapy. Response rate was evaluated by gynecologic<br />physical examination and pelvic MRI +- GD within three months of treatment. Acute and late toxicity were assessed<br />using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. Results: A total of 33 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer<br />were treated according to the above described treatment protocol. The patients mean age was 53.2 (range 31–78) years.<br />Three months after the completion of treatment, the complete clinical, pathologic and radiologic response rate according<br />to WHO-criteria was 81.8% (27 patients). Six cases had a partial response or stable disease. After 48 months, average<br />disease free survival periods were 45.1, 23.0, 33.4 and 8 months for stage IIB, IIIA, IIIB and: IVA lesions (according to<br />The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system). The most frequently observed side effects<br />were leukopenia, anemia, proctitis, cystitis, nausea and vomiting (mostly grade 1 and 2). Conclusion: Concomitant<br />brachytherapy and chemotherapy with platinum compounds can be well tolerated and is effective in the treatment of<br />locally advanced cervical cancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_70390_4346eadb688062bee03912c3ec969c82.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Mediating Factors in Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer: from Initial Changes in Health to Breast Cancer Detection275127557047910.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2751ENNasrinFouladiCommunity Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical
Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical
Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.FarhadPourfarziCommunity Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical
Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.AidaDaneshianCommunity Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical
Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.SaraAlimohammadiFaculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170920Background: Breast cancer is one of the most frequently occurring cancers in women throughout the world. In<br />Iran, according to available reports, 70% of patients with breast cancer are detected at the advanced stages of the<br />disease. Materials and Methods: This study is of descriptive-analytic cross-sectional type.160 female patients was<br />selected. The data in this study was collected via face to face interview using a questionnaire based on the Anderson’s<br />delay model. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and the significance level was considered to be 0.05. Results: The<br />results showed that presence of mass was the first symptom in many of women, i.e., 76 cases (47.5%). not only the<br />presence of mass in the breast, but also any other symptom, hadn’t been taken as a serious problem initially by women.<br />Non-improvement of the symptoms and exacerbation of the symptoms was considered as a symptom of illness by<br />patients. After considering the changes as the symptoms of illness, patients had tried to treat the disease through different<br />methods of self-treatment. The failure of the self-treatment in controlling the symptoms, had directed the patients<br />toward seeking for medical services. Out of 160 patients, 49 patients (39.6%) changed the time of their appointment<br />with doctor. 110 cases (68%) out of 160 patients, rather than initiating relevant diagnostic procedure related to the<br />disease, had received non-specific and non-related therapeutic measures. Conclusion: Pondering on the results yields<br />that patient-related delays, resulting from their lack of awareness of the disease, cultural factors, and fear, can only<br />play an important role in postponement of visiting a physician, but in the diagnosis of disease it is the inability of<br />general practitioners in performing differential diagnoses, and making request for related diagnostic measures which<br />can significantly increase the lag time until the onset of the main treatment.https://journal.waocp.org/article_70479_ba8ea64fd0588df064efdd5a974d20c5.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Effects of ABCC2 and SLCO1B1 Polymorphisms on Treatment Responses in Thai Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Irinotecan-Based Chemotherapy275727647048910.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2757ENApatsaraTreenertDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.NutthadaAreepiumDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.SuebpongTanasanvimonDepartment of Medical Oncology Unit,
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.Journal Article20171101Purpose: Irinotecan is an anticancer medicine which is used mostly in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment<br />as second or third line chemotherapy. Several factors affect its efficacy and toxicity, including pharmacogenomics.<br />This study aimed to investigate the impacts of ABCC2 and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms on treatment responses in<br />irinotecan-based chemotherapy in 49 Thai mCRC patients. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine participants with<br />mCRC enrolled in this study received irinotecan-based chemotherapy from January to June 2017. Genotypic analyses of<br />ABCC2 (C>T, rs717620) and SLCO1B1 (A>G, rs2306283) were performed. Treatment responses were evaluated after<br />at least three cycles of chemotherapy were given. Results: Allele frequencies of ABCC2 (C>T) and SLCO1B1 (A>G)<br />were found at 18.37% and 78.57%, respectively. Neither was associated with treatment responses. However, combined<br />genotypes of ABCC2 and SLCO1B1 tended to be associated with clinical benefits in terms of partial responses (PR) and<br />stable disease (SD). All patients (100%) with at least one variant allele of SLCO1B1 and ABCC2 were in a PR or SD<br />group, while patients with other genotypes had progressive disease (PD) at 45.5% to 70%, (p = 0.059). Conclusion:<br />The combined effect of ABCC2 and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms tended to be associated with treatment responses in<br />irinotecan-based treated mCRC patients. Therefore, such polymorphisms could be factors impacting inter-individual<br />variation of irinotecan efficacy in Thai mCRC patients.https://journal.waocp.org/article_70489_72108f996ed84e8975e1610f97e26a29.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Two Different Methods of Region-of-Interest Placement for Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions by Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value276527706908710.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2765ENMasoumehGityDepartment of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.BehnazMoradiDepartment of Radiology, Women’s Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-2698-4872RasoolAramiDepartment of Radiology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AliKheradmandDepartment of surgery, Cancer institute, Breast cancer research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Mohammad AliKazemiDepartment of Radiology, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20171115Purpose: We aimed to investigate the influence of different methods of region-of-interest (ROI) placement on<br />apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in breast tumours and their accuracy in differentiating benign versus<br />malignant tumors in mass and nonmass lesions. Methods and Materials: In this prospective study, 79 patients with<br />98 breast lesions, from 2015 until 2017, were investigated by 1.5-T breast MRI. Histopathology evaluation were done<br />for all malignant lesions and most of the benign ones. ADC values were measured in normal breast tissue and by two<br />ways of ROI placement in the breast lesions (mass and non-mass): 1- ROI covering the whole lesion, 2- ROI in the<br />highest part (most restricted area) of the lesion in DWI images. The accuracy of these two approaches were compared.<br />Results: The age range was 17-68 years with mean age 43.3 ± 9.9 years. 49% of the lesions were benign and 51% of<br />tumors were malignant. Our results revealed that the measured ADC values in normal breast tissue were higher than<br />breast lesions (P≤0.01). Appropriate cut off determination in non-mass was not valid by both methods, but in mass in<br />the first way was 1.45×10 -³mm²/s and in the most restricted part was 1.16×10-³ mm²/s. ADC values differed significantly<br />between the two ways of ROI placement in mass lesions (P<.001). Most restricted part ADC showed the best diagnostic<br />performance in mass lesions with area under curve 0.88 versus 0.82. Conclusion: ROI placement has significant impact<br />on the meseaured ADC values of breast lesions and ROIs in most restricted parts were more accurate than whole-lesion<br />ROIs. Cut-off values differed significantly based on the methods of measurement.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69087_5f0bbae599526f0b7ce72ae579d87822.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Automatic Segmentation of MRI Images in Dynamic Programming Mode277127757383310.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2771ENMariya YMarusinaITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.Elizaveta AKarasevaITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.Journal Article20171213Objective: Purpose of this work was to develop methods contour and volume of areas of interest definition in<br />tomographic images of the breast. Methods: The study included images of the breast of 13 patients obtained on an open<br />electronic resource The Breast-MRI-NACT-Pilot image collection. Statistical processing of the data was carried out, the<br />reliability of the results of calculating the volumes of the breast areas was estimated, a visual evaluation of the obtained<br />numerical values was provided – a linear graph. Result: A program for automatic determination of breast volume and<br />volume of pathology has been developed and tested. For segmenting areas of the breast, a threshold segmentation and<br />a managed watershed method programs were written in Matlab package. The developed programs allowed to obtain<br />reliable data when processing MRI images of the breast of 13 patients. Results of using Hurst exponent show that in<br />the case of a pathology, the exponent is less than 0.4, and for the tissue without pathology the Hurst index is greater<br />than 0.4. This method is implemented in dynamic programming mode, which allows to adjust the algorithm for a task<br />of examining images. Conclusion: The developed methods of definition of contours and calculating volumes allow an<br />automatic quantitative evaluation of the ratio of the volumes of different identified areas of interest in the postprocessing<br />of MRI images. Also, the results have established that it is possible to use the Hurst exponent as an additional tool for<br />identifying pathologies in areas of interest.https://journal.waocp.org/article_73833_a69d87c0d3222b1d59798880f15772d1.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Health Belief Model and Social Support on the Rate of Participation of Individuals in Performing Fecal Occult Blood Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening277727876906910.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2777ENYousefGholampourDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.AtefehJaderipourStudent of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.AliKhani JeihooniDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa,Iran.Seyyed MansourKashfiDepartment of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.PooyanAfzali HarsiniDepartment of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.0000-0003-1689-6895Journal Article20171219Background and Aim: Among the screening tests for colorectal cancer, fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is important in<br />comparison other methods due to its ease of use and low cost.The aim of this study is to survey the effect of educational<br />intervention based on health belief model and social support on the rate of participation of individuals in performing<br />fecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer screening among men who referred to the health centers in FasaCity, Fars<br />province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 200 men (100 in experimental group and<br />100 in control group) in FasaCity, Fars province, Iranwere selected in 2017. A questionnaire consisting of demographic<br />information, knowledge, HBM constructs (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self- efficacy and cues<br />to action) and social support was used to measure the rate of participation of individuals in performing Fecal Occult<br />Blood Test for colorectal cancer screening before and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using<br />SPSS22 viadescriptive and inferential statistics, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and independent t-test at<br />a significance level of 0.5. Results: The mean age of the men was 63.18 ± 8.25 years in the experimental group and<br />65.11 ± 7.66 years in the control group. Three months after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant<br />increase in the knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, Self-efficacy, cues to action,<br />social support and the level of referrals (participation) of subjects for FOBTcompared to the control group. Conclusion:<br />This study showed the effectiveness of HBM constructs and social support in adoption of the level of participation of<br />subjects for FOBTin men. Hence, these models can act as a framework for designing and implementing educational<br />interventions for undergoing FOBT.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69069_89468dac21726e1efd7af4f582701402.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001An Efficient Method for Brain Tumor Detection Using Texture Features and SVM Classifier in MR Images278927946979810.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2789ENKavin KumarKDepartment of Electronics and communication Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode -638 060, Tamil
Nadu, India.Meera DeviTDepartment of Electronics and communication Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode -638 060, Tamil
Nadu, India.MaheswaranSDepartment of Electronics and communication Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode -638 060, Tamil
Nadu, India.Journal Article20171223Objective: Detection and classification of abnormalities in Magnetic Resonance (MR) brain images in medical field<br />is very much needed. The proposed brain tumor classification system composed of denoising, feature extraction and<br />classification. Noise is one of the major problems in the medical image and due to that retrieval of useful information<br />from the image is difficult. The proposed method for denoising an image is PURE-LET transform. Methods: This<br />method preserves the diagnostic property of the images. In feature extraction, combination of Modified Multi-Texton<br />Histogram (MMTH) and Multi-Texton Microstructure Descriptor (MTMD) is used and then Gray Level Co-occurrence<br />Matrix (GLCM) and Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM)are used to extract the feature from the image to<br />compare performance. In classification, classifiers like Support Vector Machine (SVM), K Nearest Neighbors (KNN)<br />and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM)are trained by the extracted features and are used to classify the images. Result:<br />The performance of feature extraction methods with three different classifiers are compared in terms of the performance<br />metrics like sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Conclusion: The result shows that the combination of MMTH and<br />MTMD with SVM shows the highest accuracy of 95%.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69798_9a9e7d28160b324a63df709626b2b4cc.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Clinical, Epidemiological and Histopathological Aspects in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Liver Transplantation279528026979910.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2795ENNathalia MartinesTunissiolliResearch Unit of Genetics and Molecular Biology (UPGEM),Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.Márcia Maria UrbaninCastanhole-NunesResearch Unit of Genetics and Molecular Biology (UPGEM),Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.0000-0002-5506-8155Érika CristinaPavarinoResearch Unit of Genetics and Molecular Biology (UPGEM),Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.0000000309590695Renato FerreiraDa SilvaDepartment of Surgery and Liver Transplantation,
Hospital de Base/ FUNFARME, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.Rita De Cássia Martins AlvesDa SilvaDepartment of Surgery and Liver Transplantation,
Hospital de Base/ FUNFARME, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.0000-0001-6302-0939EnyMaria Goloni BertolloResearch Unit of Genetics and Molecular Biology (UPGEM),Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.0000-0002-2622-4673Journal Article20171223Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the primary liver cancer with high incidence and mortality rates.<br />Currently one of the major etiologies for liver disease, HCC and liver transplantation is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease<br />(NAFLD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the epidemiological, histopathological and clinical aspects of<br />HCC transplant patients, with emphasis on NAFLD etiology. Methods: This study included all HCC patients submitted<br />to liver transplantation from 2010 to 2016 of the University Reference Center. The analyzed variables were age, gender,<br />ethnicity, causes that led to liver transplantation, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) dosage, histological aspects, recurrence,<br />survival and NAFLD. Results: A total of 60 patients were included in the study being 80% men with a mean age of<br />58.3 ± 10.6 years. All patients were cirrhotic. The causes that led to the transplantation were the presence of the hepatitis<br />C virus (HCV) (56.6% of the patients), an association of the virus with alcohol (20%), the presence of the hepatitis B<br />virus (HBV) (20%), alcoholic liver disease (ALD) (50.9%) and NAFLD (25%). Of the latter, eight were diagnosed<br />pre-transplantation and seven were NAFLD carriers without a previous diagnosis. Regarding the Edmondson-Steiner<br />histological classification, 58.5% of the patients were classified as grade ≤ II. Conclusions: There is predominance of<br />male patients with a mean age of 58.3 years. Degree ≤ II is the most frequent to the Edmondson-Steiner histological<br />classification in the evaluated casuistic. HCV, ALD and NAFLD is the most common etiological agents found in the<br />study. The (high) underestimated prevalence of NAFLD in the pre-transplanted patients is due to the fact that all patients<br />presented cirrhosis, masking NAFLD signals.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69799_bae54b20a182cc5ce864d19baa8bf5a6.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Hematologic Toxicity of Conformal Radiotherapy and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy in Prostate and Bladder Cancer Patients280328066980010.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2803ENMarcinMiszczykDepartment of Radiotherapy Planning, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland.0000-0002-4375-0827WojciechMajewskiDepartment of Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and
Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland.Journal Article20180112Background: The purpose of this study was to compare hematologic adverse effects and hematologic toxicity<br />(HT) of pelvic irradiation in patients treated with conformal radiotherapy (CRT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy<br />(IMRT) for radical treatment of prostate and bladder cancer. Methods: A group of 115 patients with prostate or bladder<br />cancer treated with definitive radical radiotherapy was evaluated retrospectively. Blood test were taken before and<br />after treatment comprising of following indices: white blood cells (WBC) hemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell (RBC),<br />lymphocyte (LC), neutrophil (NC) and platelet (PLT) count. Patients were divided into several subgroups and the data<br />was evaluated statistically using absolute and relative values. Results: There was a statistically significant difference<br />in WBC (p=0.007), NC (p=0.031) and PLT (p=0.026) count decrease (absolute values) after treatment, between two<br />treatment methods (CRT and IMRT), all in favor of IMRT. The relationship still proves to be significant regarding<br />WBC (p=0,02) and (NC) (p=0,049) after presenting the data as relative percentage loss of starting value. However<br />using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Effects (CTCAE), PLT count toxicity was more common in IMRT<br />group (p=0.045). Conclusion: IMRT in comparison to CRT in bladder and prostate cancer patients is associated with a<br />lesser absolute and relative decrease of hematologic indices. The hematologic effect of radiation was observed mainly<br />regarding LC. Patients treated with IMRT suffered from significantly lesser decrease in relative and absolute values<br />of WBC and NC. The mean of absolute PLT decrease count was lower in IMRT group; however, toxicity according to<br />CTCAE was slightly more prevalent in IMRT group.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69800_35e528dd333a640f62d5328ae31a88be.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001High Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Types 56 and 70 Identified in the Native Populations of Sabah, Malaysia280728136906610.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2807ENNur EzzahSaineiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.Vijay SubbiahKumarBiotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.Yeung SingChinDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sabah Women and Children Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.Falah A MSalihDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.Journal Article20180115Background: Cervical cancer is currently the third most common female cancer in Malaysia , with the human<br />papillomavirus (HPV) considered as one of the important contributory factors. This study was conducted to determine<br />HPV prevalence, its genotype distribution, and other potential risk factors among women in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah<br />in order to evaluate the likely efficacy of current HPV vaccines in the local population. Methods: A total of 240<br />cervical samples were collected and subjected to DNA extraction, PCR amplification using the MY09/MY11 primer<br />pair, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for HPV detection and genotyping. Sociodemographic,<br />clinical, and behavioural data were also collected via questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of HPV infection was<br />9.6%. The most common HPVs among 13 genotypes were high-risk HPV-56 (16.7%) and probable high-risk HPV-70<br />(16.7%) followed by HPV-16, -58, -53, -61, -33, -59, and -66 (in decreasing order of prevalence) including the rare<br />genotypes: HPV-62, -81, -82 and -84. Statistical analyses using logistic regression models showed that HPV infection<br />was significantly associated with employment (OR 4.94; CI 1.58-15.40) and education at secondary/high school level<br />(OR 0.13; CI 0.03-0.62). Conclusion: Distribution of HPV genotypes in Sabah indicated a high prevalence of HPV-56<br />and -70 which are among the rare HPV types in West Malaysia and merit consideration in future strategies for HPV<br />vaccination specifically for local Sabahan women.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69066_8b18628d06c2f590c0d32a55c794339d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Reliability and Construct Validity of the Malay Version of Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) for Smoking Cessation281528207049110.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2815ENNur-HasanahRuslanFaculty of Sport Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Bandar Pusat Jengka, Malaysia.0000-0002-0441-1187Siti MuniraYasinFaculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara Sg. Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.Mohamad RodiIsaFaculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara Sg. Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.NadzimahMohd NasirFaculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara Sg. Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.TheresaAhingFaculty of Sport Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA
Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.Mohd HamimRajikinFaculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara Sg. Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.Journal Article20180129Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Malay translated version of<br />the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) intention to quit smoking questionnaire. Methods: A cross-sectional study<br />was performed involving 185 male smokers. The forward-backward translation procedure was adopted to translate the<br />questionnaire from English to Malay. The internal consistency and stability were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and a<br />correlation analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted. Result: The translated questionnaire showed good<br />internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.86, 0.64, 0.74 and 0.90 for each of the four respective factors.<br />The test-retest reliability revealed acceptable stability, with Spearman’s correlation coefficients ranging from low to<br />moderate (r>0.30-0.50) and a satisfactory inter class correlation coefficient (ICCs). The construct validity achieved an<br />acceptable factor loading for each construct which ranged from 0.40 to 0.90. Conclusion: The current study provided<br />psychometric evidence for an appropriate, reliable and valid tool of TPB Malay version. This questionnaire could be<br />applied in evaluating smoking cessation interventions in Malaysia.https://journal.waocp.org/article_70491_8155dd136f80dfbc05af6c443c06fb43.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Bio-Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Human Colorectal Cancer and Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Lines282128296907010.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2821ENNasimRahmani KukiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.YousefRasmiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.ArdashirAbbasiDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.NanaKoshoridzeDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia.AlirezaShirpoorDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.GiorgiBurjanadzeDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia.0000-0002-5404-0644EhsanSabooryNeuroscience Research Center, Urmia University of
Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.Journal Article20180217Background: Due to the possible biomedical potential of nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs)<br />have received great attention in cancer research. Although selectivity of cytotoxicity with TiO2 NPs in various cells is<br />clinically significant comparisons of cancer and non-cancer cells have been limited. Therefore, we here studied exposure<br />to TiO2 NPs in colorectal cancer cells (CRCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: After<br />characterization of TiO2 NPs, culture and treatment of cells (HCT116, HT29 and HUVEC), viability was assessed by<br />MTT assay and in terms of morphological features. Acridine orange (AO) and propidium iodide (PI) assays were carried<br />out to estimate the incidence of apoptosis. The RT-PCR method was also employed to evaluate the expression of P53,<br />Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase 3. Results: Exposure to increasing concentrations of TiO2 NPs enhanced overall cell survival<br />of HCT116 cells and reduced the Bcl-2 and Caspase 3 expression while the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was down-regulated.<br />TiO2 NPs at 400 and 50 μg/ml concentrations suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of HT29 cells and<br />also up-regulated P53 and Bax at the mRNA level, enhanced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and eventually up-regulated Caspase<br />3 mRNA. Although, inhibition of cell proliferation in HUVECs was seen at 200 and 400 μg/ml TiO2 NPs, it was not<br />marked. Conclusion: TiO2 NPs have selective bio-effects on exposed cells with dose- and cell-dependent influence on<br />viability. Cell proliferation in HCT116 as a metastatic colorectal cancer cell line appeared to be stimulated via multiple<br />signaling pathways, with promotion of apoptosis in less metastatic cells at 50 and 400 μg/ml concentrations. This was<br />associated with elevated P53, Bax and Caspase 3 mRNA and reduced Bcl-2 expression. However, TiO2 NPs did not<br />exert any apparent significant effects on HUVECs as hyperproliferative angiogenic cells.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69070_b146c89bf8ae70c63fa8ad8e224dd769.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Posttraumatic Growth in Patients with Malignant Bone Tumor: Relationships with Psychological Adjustment283128386980210.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2831ENLingWangDepartment of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.SiyaoChenDepartment of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.PingLiuDepartment of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.ChunZhuDepartment of Pheumology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.MuliHuResearch Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.YanqianLiHu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.YanTaoDepartment of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.ZheHuangDepartment of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.YiZhouDepartment of Orthopaedics, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.TaoXiaoDepartment of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.XiongzhaoZhuThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.Journal Article20180227Aim: Owing to the inadequate data to support the valid instrument for assessing the positive changes among patients<br />with malignant bone tumor, the present study was designed to provide such valid evidence through examining the<br />psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-C) among these patients,<br />and to evaluate the effects of posttraumatic growth on positive and negative symptoms in malignant bone tumor patients.<br />Methods: Potential patients with malignant bone tumor from five tertiary hospitals were admitted to the hospital during<br />the period from January 2013 to October 2017. At the baseline assessment (T1), all patients completed a demographic<br />form, PTGI-C, and Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). After 4 weeks later (T2), all the patients finished<br />PANAS and PTGI-C again, and the PTGI-C was re-administered to patients who were simple randomly selected from<br />the total sample. Results: The PTGI-C exhibited moderate reliability and validity. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the<br />total scale was 0.91. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor model and the convergent validity results<br />obtained were distinct but correlated. The multiple linear regression analyses showed that posttraumatic growth had<br />a significant prediction on positive affect (F=16.445, p<0.001), accounting for 69.4 % of the variance and as well as<br />the negative affect (F=8.707, p<0.001), accounting for 48.3 % of the variance. Personal strength at T1 was positively<br />associated with positive affect at T2, and more personal strength and spiritual change at T1 were associated with less<br />negative affect at T2. Conclusions: PTGI-C has demonstrated sufficient psychometric properties which indicate that<br />it is appropriate to measure posttraumatic growth in patients with malignant bone tumor. Relating to others, spiritual<br />growth, personal strength and appreciate to life are important factors which contribute to predicting positive affect<br />and negative affect.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69802_f5a2a3ba984eefc2633e6be4a430d5a2.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Effects of Grape Juice in Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase in Colorectal Cancer Carcinogenesis Induced by Azoxymethane283928447049210.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2839ENCarla Caroline DiasRibeiroDepartment of Medicine – Discipline of Gastroenterology – Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina,
UNIFESP/EPM, SP, Brazil.Roseane MendesSilvaDepartment of Medicine – Discipline of Gastroenterology – Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina,
UNIFESP/EPM, SP, Brazil.Vanessa Maria De Lima PazineCampanholoDepartment of Medicine – Discipline of Gastroenterology – Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina,
UNIFESP/EPM, SP, Brazil.Daniel ArakiRibeiroDepartment of Medicine – Discipline of Gastroenterology – Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina,
UNIFESP/EPM, SP, Brazil.0000-0001-5057-4983Ana PaulaRibeiro PaiottiDepartment of Medicine – Discipline of Gastroenterology – Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina,
UNIFESP/EPM, SP, Brazil.Nora ManoukianForonesDepartment of Medicine – Discipline of Gastroenterology – Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina,
UNIFESP/EPM, SP, Brazil.Journal Article20180306Background: The intestinal mucosa is commonly exposed to oxidant nutrients and carcinogens, which can lead to<br />the generation of free radicals. The antioxidants present in the diet assume great importance as possible protective<br />agents, reducing the oxidative damage. In this way, we evaluated the antioxidant action of grape juice on preneoplastic<br />lesions induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in Wistar rats. Methods: The colorectal carcinogenesis was induced by two<br />intraperitoneal injections of 15mg/kg of AOM in Wistar rats. The animals were divided in 7 groups and treated with<br />1 and 2% concentrations of grape juice before and after carcinogen administration. After euthanasia, the expression of<br />antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and manganese superoxide<br />dismutase (Mn-SOD) CAT, SOD1 and SOD2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: AOM decreased the<br />expression of CAT and Mn-SOD enzymes, but not for Cu/Zn-SOD. We observed an increase expression of CAT and<br />Mn-SOD after grape juice administration in some concentrations according to the time of administration of the grape<br />juice before the carcinogen or just after the carcinogen. Conclusion: Our results suggest an independent action of each<br />enzyme and a possible antioxidant action of the grape juice components in the diet being able to balance the body to<br />neutralize the superoxide radicals and not leave them in the cell-damaging form.https://journal.waocp.org/article_70492_2cb01edce2cd983637982c97b8394c8c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Dermal Lesions and Skin Cancer in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy284528516980510.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2845ENEftychiaGiagkouDepartment of Cardiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece.MariaSaridiUniversity of Peloponnese, Corinth, Greece.0000-0002-9008-824XEleniAlbaniDepartment of Nursing, TEI of
Western Greece, Greece.GeorgiosGaitanisDepartment of Dermatology, Medical School of Ioannina, Greece.AndreasKatsanosDepartment of Ophthalmology, Medical School of Ioannina, Greece.ArisBechlioulis2nd Department of Cardiology University of Ioannina, Greece.Athanasios-DimitriosBacasisDepartment of Gastroenterology, Medical School of Ioannina, Greece.Dimitrios KChristodoulouDepartment of Gastroenterology, Medical School of Ioannina, Greece.Konstantinos HKatsanosDepartment of Gastroenterology, Medical School of Ioannina, Greece.Journal Article20180308Background: Anti-TNFa medications represent the first effective biologic therapy for IBD that has largely<br />revolutionized treatment. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of MM and other skin cancers among patients<br />from Northern Greece area with IBD who take immunosuppressive or biologic anti-TNF medications. Methods:<br />The current study was conducted during a 3-year period (2014-2016). Clinical history and metabolic data of all patients<br />were extracted from the IBD database that is kept since 1980. 101 patients with IBD from Northwestern Greece,<br />were studied. Results: The mean age of enrolled patients was 44.2±15.9 years old ranging from 17 years to 77 years<br />old. No sun burn was reported from the 44.6% of the patients, 53.5% presented mild reticular veins in the face, and<br />lack of any elastosis was noticed in 60.4%. The occurrence of two cases with squamous and basal cell carcinoma is<br />an important finding. The absence of any case with MM should not quiet down but should strengthen our efforts for<br />further implementation of preventive measures. Conclusions: Furthermore, education of patients to avoid deleterious<br />sun exposure may help decrease MM incidence.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69805_135549d721f54562ff3f34bd92cb6ea8.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Study of the Algerian Population285328586907210.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2853ENMarouaBenabdelkrimLaboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji
Mokhtar, Algeria.OmarDjeffalPrivate Medical Cabinet of Uro-Surgery, Annaba, Algeria.HajiraBerredjemLaboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji
Mokhtar, Algeria.Journal Article20180311Objective: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major public health problem worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality<br /> levels. Advanced age, androgen stimulation, and ethnicity have been reported to be possible risk factors. It has been<br /> suggested that particular genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases (GST), xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes,<br /> could predispose to prostate cancer through heritable deficiency in detoxification of environmental carcinogens.<br /> Conflicts in the published results and the absence of similar in depth studies in Algeria prompted us to perform the<br /> present case-control study of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and their possible association with PCa in an Algerian<br /> population. Methods: We determined GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes for 49 histologically verified prostate cancer<br /> patients and in 41 age-matched healthy controls by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using peripheral blood<br /> DNA samples. Result: While an association between the GSTM1 null genotype and PCa risk (OR= 3.69, 95% CI=<br /> 1.30-10.44; P = 0.01) was evident, the GSTT1 null genotype (OR= 0.92, 95% IC= 0.32-2.62; P = 0.49) appeared without influence. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences between the double null genotype and PCa is detected, also no statistically significant differences between smoking status and PCa is detected. Conclusion: The GSTM1 null genotype may increase individual susceptibility to prostate cancer. On the other hand, the null-activity genotype of<br /> GSTT1 did not appear to contribute to the risk of prostate cancer in our population.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69072_82cfcd66a67cf8e8f86a7bf6b928f376.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001PAX6 Promoter Methylation Correlates with MDA-MB-231 Cell Migration, and Expression of MMP2 and MMP9285928666990310.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2859ENGuillermoUrrutiaIHEM, National University of Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.SergioLauritoIHEM, National University of Cuyo, CONICET, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Mendoza, Argentina.EmanuelCampoyIHEM, National University of Cuyo, CONICET, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mendoza, Argentina.DanielaNasifIHEM, National University of Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.María TeresitaBranhamIHEM, National University of Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.MaríaRoquéIHEM, National University of Cuyo, CONICET, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Mendoza, Argentina.Journal Article20180313Objective: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic<br />alterations that lead tumor cells to acquire characteristics like the capacity for invasion and metastasis. Metastasis<br />remains a major challenge in cancer management and understanding of its molecular basis should result in improved<br />prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate how promoter<br />DNA methylation regulates PAX6 gene expression and influences breast carcinoma cell migration. Methods: PAX6<br />promoter methylation was detected by Methyl Specific-Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification (MS-MLPA). Gene<br />expression was evaluated using qRT-PCR, while the effect of PAX6 on migration was ssessed by wound healing assay.<br />In addition, MMP2 and MMP9 genes were studied using different bioinformatic tools. Results: The PAX6 promoter is<br />methylated in breast cancer cell lines and methylation in this region impacts on its expression. Migration assays revealed<br />that PAX6 overexpression promotes cell migration, while PAX6 inhibition decreases it. More importantly, we found<br />that migration is affected by PAX6 methylation status. Employing bioinformatic analysis, binding sites for PAX6 on<br />the regulatory regions of the MMP2 and MMP9 genes were established, PAX6 overexpression increasing MMP2 and<br />MMP9 expression at the mRNA level. Conclusion: Our study provides novel insights into epigenetic events that regulate<br />PAX6 expression and molecular mechanisms by which PAX6 modifies the migration capacity of breast cancer cells.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69903_1459356ca0bf062e32e822d1a247d04c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001The Inflammatory Prognostic Index Predicts Cancer-Specific Outcomes of Patients with Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer286728706912110.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2867ENMasakiTomitaDepartment of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.TakanoriAyabeDepartment of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.RyoMaedaDepartment of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.KunihideNakamuraDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki,
Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.Journal Article20180314Background: Previous study developed a new inflammatory prognostic index (IPI) and found the prognostic value<br />of IPI for all stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To the best of our knowledge, however, no studies regarding<br />IPI in patients with resected NSCLC are available. Methods: Three hundred forty-one NSCLC patients who underwent<br />surgery at our institution were included. The IPI was calculated as C-reactive protein × neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio<br />(NLR)/serum albumin. The optimal cut-off value was calculated by the Cutoff Finder. Univariate and multivariate<br />analyses were calculated by the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: The optimal cut-off value was<br />5.237 for IPI. The IPI was associated with age, gender, smoking status, histology, pT status and serum CYFRA21-1<br />level, but not pStage, pN status and serum carcinoembryonic antigen level. The 5-year cancer-specific survival of<br />patients with low IPI was significantly better than that with high IPI (84.8% vs. 57.9%, p< 0.001). Furthermore, low IPI<br />was significantly associated with favorable cancer-specific survival in univariate (HR =0.326, 95% CI =0.212-0.494;<br />p<0.001) and multivariate (HR =0.438, 95% CI =0.276-0.690; p=0.001) analyses. Conclusion: This is the first study<br />to demonstrate that IPI might serve as an efficient prognostic indicator in resected NSCLC.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69121_142bff32b1d4dc79716dd829a3d55b79.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Spatio-Temporal Study of Gastric Cancer Incidence in Kermanshah Province, Iran During the Years 2009-2014287128767049310.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2871ENAbozarSolimanyFaculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.MaliheKhoramdadStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Public
Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.NahidKhademiFaculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.AliDelpishehDepartment of Epidemiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences,
Ilam, Iran.Journal Article20180321Background and objective: Stomach cancer is the second common and the most deadly type of cancer in Iranian<br />populations. The pattern of this cancer varies in different populations; demonstrating association with environmental,<br />racial, and geographical factors. The focus of this study was to identify the clustering and the high-risk and low-risk<br />regions for stomach cancer by using spatio-temporal analysis in Kermanshah province during 2009-2014. Method:<br />All new cases of stomach cancer were studied by census method in 2009 to end 2014 in Kermanshah province.<br />The required information and statistics (address, age, and sex) of patients were extracted from the cancer registry<br />system of Vice-Chancellor in health affairs, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Also, with having<br />the location, diagnosis time, and counting information of all age groups of stomach cancer patients, the spatially<br />and temporally abnormal places of clustering were identified with the use of saTScan and GIS. Results: the total<br />number of stomach cancer subjects during the period of study was 1040, with a mean age of 66.5± 1. in addition, 11<br />regions (located in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd municipal districts) demonstrated abnormal Spatio-temporal pattern of stomach<br />cancer incidence (hot spots) and clustered disease, with 5 regions (in 4th and 5th districts) representing lower chance of<br />clustering (cold spots, p value˂0.05). Conclusion: Given the growing rate of stomach cancer incidence in specific<br />geographical areas and, its high potential of mortality, and the possible relationship with environmental variables<br />(e.g. climate variables); the efforts need to be focused on the identification of hot/cold spots, the predisposing factors,<br />and the possible clusters in the affected areas.https://journal.waocp.org/article_70493_8783bf32bae4a6d14bdcc21386baab87.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Effect of a Copper (II) Complex on The Induction of Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells287728846990410.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2877ENAzadehRezaeiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.SoudehKhanamani Falahati-pourPistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.FatemehMohammadizadehDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.Mohammad RezaHajizadehDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.Mohammad RezaMirzaeiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.0000-0002-6283-5332AlirezaKhoshdelDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.Mohammad AliFahmidehkarResearch Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.MehdiMahmoodiMolecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.0000-0002-8463-8364Journal Article20180404Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to identify the anti-proliferative potential of [Cu(L)(2imi)] complex<br />[L = 2-(((5-chloro-2-oxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenolato) and 2imi = 2-methyl imidazole] against HepG2 cells as an<br />in vitro model of human hepatocellular carcinoma and normal mouse fibroblast L929 cells. Methods: The cytotoxic<br />and apoptotic effects of [Cu(L)(2imi)] complex on HepG2 cells and normal fibroblasts (L929) were examined by MTT<br />assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: Cytotoxicity induced by [Cu(L)(2imi)] complex was time dependent.<br />Also, there was a positive correlation between cytotoxicity and an increase in Cu complex concentration. For HepG2<br />cells, the cell viability percentage was 50% at 58 μg/mL after 24 h treatment, whereas in the same concentration and<br />conditions, the viability percentage was surprisingly higher (about 100%) for L929 cells. Also, after 48 h treatment,<br />the viability percentage of HepG2 cells at 55 μg/mL concentration was 50% in contrast with 89.3% for L929 cells in<br />the same conditions. Flow cytometry findings suggest that [Cu(L)(2imi)] complex is capable of decreasing cancer cell<br />viability through apoptosis and did not efficiently activate the necrosis process. Conclusions: Finally, we found that<br />[Cu(L)(2imi)] complex possess the potential for development as an anti-cancer drug for human hepatocellular carcinoma.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69904_531a2d8bddc07a4bf128db39d3160c10.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Population Based Cancer Registry of India – the Challenges and Opportunities288528896980410.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2885ENPriyamadhabaBeheraDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.Binod KumarPatroDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.Journal Article20180411Cancer is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in India. Globally, out of 14 million diagnosed<br />new cancer cases slightly more than 1 million were from India. Population Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs) plays<br />a vital role in formulating cancer control plans as well as in monitoring their success. The article identifies challenges<br />and opportunities for the PBCRs in India. Major challenges of PBCRs in India are-low coverage, urban dominance,<br />quality assurance in data, less awareness among rural people, lack of follow-up and survival data, timeliness, high<br />cost of registration, non-linkage of PBCR with other PBCRs and Hospital Based Cancer Registries (HBCRs) and<br />generalization of estimates at country level. Expansion of cancer atlas project, real time data collection, entering<br />Aadhar number (UID) during registration and establishing linkage among various PBCRs and PBCRs with HBCRs<br />will improve cancer registration and its quality on a short-term basis. However, the opportunity of development new<br />PBCRs in linkage with existing Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) will increase coverage as well<br />as sustainability of PBCRs in India.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69804_dcce90833c4a8ca028f564f0834b3499.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001The Role of Single Voxel MR Spectroscopy, T2 Relaxation Time and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Determining the Cellularity of Brain Tumors by MATLAB Software289128956912910.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2891ENJamilAbdolmohammadiDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.0000-0001-6025-553XFariborzFaeghiDepartment of Radiology Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.DoomanArefanDepartment of Radiation Medicine Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran.AlirezaZaliDepartment
of Neurosurgery, Shohada-E Tajrish Hospital, Chairman of the Medical Council of Iran, Tehran, Iran.HamidrezaHaghighatkhahDepartment of Radiology, Shohada-E Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.JamalAmiriDepartment of Radiotherapy, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kurdistan University of Medical
Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.0000- 0002-9058-1974Journal Article20180418Introduction: Brain tumors if timely diagnosed are sure to be treated through shorter processes. MRI amongst<br />others is of Para clinical methods greatly effective in diagnosis phase. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent<br />diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps provide some information that could reflect tissue cellularity. Neurosurgeons, in<br />particular to detect the tumor cellularity, must send the specimens taken through biopsy to the pathology unit. This<br />study is aimed at determining the tumor cellularity in brain. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 32<br />patients (18 males and 14 females of the range 18 – 77 y/o) between April 2014 and February 2016 who were referred<br />to the neurosurgery department of Shohada-E Tajrish Hospital of Tehran participated. Imaging was made using single<br />voxel MR Spectroscopy, ADC and T2W Multi Echo Pulse Sequence in addition to routine pulse sequences and the<br />images were analyzed using MATLAB software to determine the cellularity of brain tumors in comparison to the biopsy.<br />Results: findings showed that by decreasing T2 relaxation time, the amount of ADC, N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA) and<br />also, increase Choline metabolite, lead to registering tumors in the lower class on the designed table and these tumors<br />have a higher degree of consistency and cellularity. T2 Relaxation time, the tumors will stand at higher class on the<br />designed table. Also the results indicated that 85% diagnostic weight of T2 relaxation time and 83% diagnostic weight<br />of ADC compared with biopsy could reveal the brain tumor cellularity (P>0.05). Conclusion: some cellular metabolite<br />changes such as NAA and Choline, ADC value and T2 relaxation time feature could effectively be used to distinguish<br />and illustrate the degree of cellularity of brain tumors especially Intra-axial brain tumors (with about 85%. vs. biopsy).<br />We recommend to more data should be used to increase the accuracy percentage of this technique.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69129_1407f2a1692ae3def2fef1eeeb21ca80.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Meta-Analysis of Association between PALB2 Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer289729036908810.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2897ENAliDianatopurDepartment of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SepidehFaramarziDepartment of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SoudehGhafouri-FardDepartment of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20180421Background: Previous studies have assessed associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of<br />the Partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) gene and risk of breast cancer. However, the results of these studies<br />are not consistent. Materials and Methods: We designed a meta-analysis to obtain a more reliable appraisal of<br />the association between SNPs in the PALB2 gene and the susceptibility to breast cancer. We searched PubMed, Google<br />scholar and Embase databases and selected six studies with sufficient data to estimate the pooled odds ratios (ORs)<br />and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Statistical analyses showed that the rs120963 was associated with breast<br />cancer risk in allelic (OR (95% CI) = 1.33 (1.18-1.49)), homozygous (OR (95% CI) = 1.74 (1.31-2.32)), dominant<br />(OR (95% CI) = 1.42 (1.22, 1.65)) and recessive (OR (95% CI) = 1.54 (1.17, 2.03)) models. The rs249954 and<br />rs16940342 were associated with breast cancer risk in allelic (OR (95% CI) = 1.13 (1.04, 1.23) and 1.12 (1.01, 1.24)<br />respectively) and dominant (OR (95% CI) = 1.23 (1.09, 1.39) and 1.18 (1.04, 1.33) respectively) models. The rs249935<br />and rs447529 SNPs were associated with breast cancer in homozygous (OR (95% CI) = 0.67 (0.46, 0.97) and 0.51<br />(0.30, 0.89) respectively) and recessive (OR (95% CI) = 0.65 (0.45, 0.95) and 0.51 (0.30, 0.88) respectively) models.<br />Conclusions: The current meta-analysis shows the associations between five SNPs of PALB2 and breast cancer risk<br />and confirms the results of previous studies regarding the role of this gene in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69088_5d88c9c8106a2dded5be54616844f5a3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Spectrum of the KIT Gene Mutations in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in Arab Patients290529106913110.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2905ENMuhammadFaiyaz-Ul-HaqueDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Diagnostic Genomic Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.0000-0003-0076-736XFouadAl-DayelDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.AsmaTulbaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.HalahAbalkhailDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.HussaAlhussainiDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.MuhammadMemonKing Faisal Cancer Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ShoukiBazarbashiKing Faisal Cancer Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.TarekAminKing Faisal Cancer Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Mohamed BSattiDepartment of Pathology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.IskraPeltekovaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.ZafarNawazDiagnostic Genomic Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.Syed H EZaidiGenomics, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.Journal Article20180422Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal<br />tract, which originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal. These tumors are characterized by expression of CD117 and<br />CD34 antigens and activating mutations in the KIT and PDGFRA genes. While KIT and PDGFRA mutations have been<br />extensively studied in other populations, the spectrum of mutations in Arab patients remains unknown. The study aimed<br />at determining the distribution of KIT and PDGFRA mutations and phenotypic characterization of the gastrointestinal<br />stromal tumors in Arab patients. Methods: Sanger sequencing was used to analyze 52 archived gastrointestinal stromal<br />tumors for mutations in the KIT and the PDGFRA genes. Tumor descriptions were obtained from the clinical reports<br />of patients. Results: In these patients, most tumors occur in the stomach, followed by the rest of the digestive tract. A<br />vast majority of tumors express the CD117 and CD34 antigens. Sequencing of the KIT and PDGFRA genes identified<br />five non-synonymous mutations and 26 deletions (25 novel) in exon 11 of the KIT gene. All non-synonymous mutations<br />and deletions affect the juxta-membrane domain, which is known to inhibit ligand-independent activation of the KIT<br />receptor. No mutations were found in the PDGFRA gene. Conclusions: Molecular profiling of the gastrointestinal<br />stromal tumors in Arab patients identified a unique spectrum of mutations in exon 11 of the KIT gene. These data are<br />important for the diagnosis and management of patients of Arab ethnic origin.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69131_87f1bc39d4463b82aee5eb9ca9053adc.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Apoptotic Effects of Linum album Extracts on AGS Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells and ZNF703 Oncogene Expression291129167049410.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2911ENElhamAkbari AslDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.JalilFallah MehrabadiThe Lister Laboratory of Microbiology, Tehran, Iran.DavoodAfsharDepartment of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.HassanNoorbazarganDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.HosseinTahmasebiDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.ArianRahimiYoung Researchers and Elite Club, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-1115-7463Journal Article20180430Introduction: Linum album is a medicinal plant endemic in Iran that is very important pharmaceutically. The present<br />study concerns the effect of different extracts of L. album on ZNF703 gene expression and apoptosis in human gastric<br />carcinoma AGS cells. Method and material: Hydro alchoholic L. album extracts from various plant sources were<br />produced by Maceration. AGS cells were treated with different concentrations (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 μg/ml)<br />and the cytotoxicity potency was assessed after 24 h by MTT assay. Then, quantitative real time PCR was conducted<br />for ZNF703 gene expression in AGS cells. Also, cell apoptosis/necrosis was assessed with the aid of Annexin V/PI<br />staining and quantification by flow cytometry. Results: L. album extracts exerted dose-dependent toxicity in the AGS<br />cell line. The mRNA levels of ZNF703 gene expression were significantly decreased with rhizome, fruit at fruiting,<br />leaf and stem at anthesis (P<0.001), and leaf and stem at fruiting extracts as compared to the controls (P<0.01). Also,<br />the number of apoptotic cells was increased from 2.70% (statistically significant; p<0.05) in untreated AGS cells to 44%,<br />following treatment with the leaf and stem at anthesis example. Discussion: Our findings revealed that the L. album<br />extracts can induce apoptosis and might modulate cytotoxicity by down regulating ZNF703 gene expression in AGS<br />cells. Therefore, this extract could be a good candidate for inhibiting cancer cell growth, especially that of gastric<br />cancer. In addition, ZNF703 may have potential as a therapeutic target.https://journal.waocp.org/article_70494_d7e97ebed63a39fffd488f7145872e2c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Comparison of Bayes Classifiers for Breast Cancer Classification291729206912310.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2917ENBazilaBanu ADepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India.PonniahThirumalaikolundusubramanianDepartment
of Medicine, Professor, Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Irungatur, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India.Journal Article20180502Data analytics play vital roles in diagnosis and treatment in the health care sector. To enable practitioner decisionmaking,<br />huge volumes of data should be processed with machine learning techniques to produce tools for prediction<br />and classification. Diseases like breast cancer can be classified based on the nature of the tumor. Finding an effective<br />algorithm for classification should help resolve the challenges present in analyzing large volume of data. The objective<br />with this paper was to present a report on the performance of Bayes classifiers like Tree Augmented Naive Bayes<br />(TAN), Boosted Augmented Naive Bayes (BAN) and Bayes Belief Network (BBN). Among the three approaches, TAN<br />produced the best performance regarding classification and accuracy. The results obtained provide clear evidence for<br />benefits of TAN usage in breast cancer classification. Applications of various machine learning algorithms could clearly<br />assist breast cancer control efforts for identification, prediction, prevention and health care planning.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69123_998d1e424189e63fbb8a29240cb03ebd.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer Risk among a Select Group of Iranian People292129276907610.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2921ENGlavizhAdibhesamiDepartment of Biochemistry and Genetics, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.0000-0003-1794-6006Gholam RezaShahsavariDepartment of Biochemistry and Genetics, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.0000-0003-2840-5192AliAmiriPulmonary Department, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran.0000-0002-5615-0855Amir NaderEmami RazaviIran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-6811-6075MasoudShamaeiChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MehdiBirjandiNutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.0000-0002-0737-8044Journal Article20180504Objective(s): Lung cancer, caused primarily by smoking, is one of the leading determinants of mortality throughout<br />the world. Here we investigated the effects of polymorphisms in two enzymes, i.e., GSTT1 and GSTM1, related to<br />the antioxidant defense line against carcinogens associated with lung cancer among a select group of Iranian people.<br />Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty lung cancer patients from two referral centers in Tehran, Iran, were<br />recruited for comparison with 120 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from the FFPE tumor tissues of<br />the select cases and peripheral blood buffy coats of healthy controls. The polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 were<br />investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results: With the 240 samples studied, no specific relationship<br />with lung cancer was discerned for the GSTM1 (P=0.35; OR=1/33; 95% CI=0.79-2.25) polymorphism, but the GSTT1<br />(P=0.005; OR=2.4; CI=1.32-4.35) gene polymorphism revealed a notable association on logistic regression, taking<br />into account age and sex factors. Furthermore, the GSTT1 genotype distribution in patients with LSCC was different<br />from that of healthy cases (P=0.006; OR=3.11; CI=1.38-7.04). The risk of developing lung cancer with the T0M1<br />genotype was 3.46 times higher than with T1M1 genotype (P=0.002; OR=3.46; CI=1.61-7.46). Moreover, the risk of<br />developing LSCC cancer in people with T0M1 genotypes was significantly elevated (P=0.004; OR=4.5; CI=1.62-12.52).<br />Conclusion: Unlike GSTM1, the GSTT1 genotype distribution is associated with the incidence of lung cancer in Iranian<br />people. Different types of lung cancer appear to show various correlations with GST polymorphisms in this regard.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69076_53a93b8add7562e23178872da0f37e6f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Comparision of Different Radiotherapy Planning Techniques for Breast Cancer after Breast Conserving Surgery292929346743110.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2929ENNarudomSupakalinDivision of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.MontienPeseeDivision of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.KomsanThamronganantasakulDivision of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.0000-0002-6809-8855KiattisakPromsensaDivision of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.ChunsriSupaadirekDivision of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.SrichaiKrusunDivision of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.Journal Article20180517Objectives:To compare different radiotherapy planning techniques for breast cancer after breast conserving surgery.<br />Materials and methods: Eighteen patients with breast cancer who underwent breast conserving surgery were selected.<br />For each patient four different whole breast irradiation techniques including Tan, fIMRT, iIMRT and VMAT were<br />compared to the conventional tangential technique (Tan). Results: Mean maximum point dose (Dmax) for Tan, fIMRT,<br />iIMRT and VMAT were 110.17% (±1.87), 105.89% (±1.13), 106.47% (±0.92) and 106.99% (±1.16) (p<0.001). Mean<br />minimum point dose (Dmin) from Tan was 84.02% (±3.68) which was significantly higher than those from fIMRT,<br />iIMRT and VMAT which were 76.57% (±11.4), 67.69 %( ±19.20) and 80.69% (±7.06) (p<0.001). Only the mean<br />V95 of fIMRT was significantly less than Tan (p=0.01). Mean percentage of volume receiving ≥ 20 Gy (V20Gy) and<br />mean doses of the ipsilateral lung were 17.09% and 953.05 cGy, 16.60% and 879.20 cGy, 14.79% and 772.26 cGy,<br />15.32% and 984.34 cGy for Tan, fIMRT, iIMRT and VMAT. Only iIMRT had a significantly lower mean V20Gy and<br />the mean dose to ipsilateral lung in comparison with Tan. Significantly, high mean doses to the contralateral breast<br />(498.07 cGy, p<0.001) were observed in VMAT. Conclusion: The conventional tangential technique provides adequate<br />dose coverage but resulted in high dose-volumes. The iIMRT and fIMRT had significantly smaller high dose-volumes<br />and better conformity. VMAT demonstrated excellent dose homogeneity and conformity but an increased low-dose<br />volume outside the target should be of concern.https://journal.waocp.org/article_67431_2d91645c7c05cd95e256c4ccaf45c631.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Health-Seeking Behaviour and Delayed Presentation of Oral Cancer Patients in a Developing Country: A Qualitative Study based on the Self-Regulatory Model293529416912410.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2935ENNurizyaniAzharDepartment of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Jennifer GeraldineDossOral Cancer Research, Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty
of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.0000-0003-2511-7523Journal Article20180518Background: The aim of this study was to explore reasons for delayed health-seeking for late stage oral cancer<br />patients. Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 35 oral cancer patients with TNM stage<br />III to IV disease, who were treated at six tertiary regional centres managing oral cancer throughout Malaysia. Interviews<br />were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded using NVivo (version 10.0) qualitative software and analysed<br />using framework analysis. Results: Participants interpreted their early symptoms as a minor condition and did not<br />consider it as requiring immediate attention. Four types of coping strategies causing delayed help-seeking emerged:<br />1) self-remedy 2) self-medication 3) seeking traditional healers and 4) consulting general medical practitioners (GPs)<br />instead of dentists. Socio-economic factors, cultural beliefs and religious practices have some influence on diagnostic<br />delay. Conclusion: Low levels of public knowledge and awareness regarding early signs and symptoms of oral cancer<br />as well as GPs’ misdiagnosis of early lesions results in delayed diagnosis.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69124_f1650f64b36658b7bf984d74899cfd27.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Breast Cancer in Basra Oncology Center: A Clinico- Epidemiological Analysis294329466912510.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2943ENRafid AAboodBasra College of Medicine, Basra, Iraq.Basra Oncology Center, Basra, Iraq.Journal Article20180520Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women, and the leading cause of cancer-related<br />deaths. Objective: This study was performed to evaluate clinico-epidemiological features of breast cancer from Iraq<br />during a five-year period. Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study. Medical notes and histopathological<br />reports of patients with confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer between January 2011 and December 2015 were reviewed<br />for age, gender, site, laterality, histopathological type, grade of differentiation and TNM stage at diagnosis. Results:<br />A total of 1,000 patients were included in the study. Mean age at diagnosis was 50 years (range 22-85 years), and<br />females constituted 99.2% of cases. Most cases (98.7%) were unilateral and most common (85.5%) histological subtype<br />was invasive ductal carcinoma. Majority of the cases (58%) were moderately differentiated (grade II), wherein 45%<br />belonged to stage II in TNM system, and nearly half (49%) of patients had locally advanced or metastatic cancer.<br />Conclusion: Breast cancer presents at least a decade earlier and at a more advanced stage in Iraqi women when<br />compared to the Western World. Steps for early detection are essential for initiation of prompt therapy and reduction<br />of mortality.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69125_d589358a33ad0493917221f04abe5c5e.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001A Spatial Survival Model in Presence of Competing Risks for Iranian Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients294729546912610.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2947ENSaeedHesamDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MahmoodMahmoudiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AbbasRahimi ForoushaniDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MehdiYaseriDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-4066-873XMohammad AliMansourniaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20180520Background: Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the common causes of death from cancer in Iran. Survival analysis<br />is usually used to detect prognostic factors of time to death from gastrointestinal cancers. The use of ordinary survival<br />models, in the presence of competing risks and/or when data is collected within geographic areas, may lead to distorting<br />the results. Therefore, the aim of this study is to use the spatial survival models in the presence of competing risks to<br />assess the risk factors affecting the survival time of gastrointestinal cancer patients. Methods: The data in this study<br />was collected from 602 patients who were diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer in Golestan and Mazandaran provinces<br />registered in Iran’s National Institute of Health Research from 2002 through 2007 and were followed up to July 2017.<br />The data was analyzed using the cause-specific hazard frailty model with multivariate conditional autoregressive<br />distribution for frailties in the presence of competing risks (death from gastrointestinal cancer, heart disease, and other<br />causes) via OpenBUGS software. Results: The hazard of death from gastrointestinal cancer in men patients, patients<br />who lived in rural areas, patients whose relatives did not have a history of cancer, patients who did not undergo surgery,<br />and patients with gastric cancer was significantly higher than others. Based on the deviance information criterion (DIC),<br />frailty models and spatial frailty models seemed better than no-frailty model and non-spatial frailty model, respectively.<br />Conclusions: This study showed that the use of the spatial frailty term in the model helps better fit the model. Also,<br />the spatial pattern in the figures suggests the necessity of presence of some still missing, spatially varying covariates<br />relevant for time to death from gastrointestinal cancer, heart disease, or other causes.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69126_caa2dd9dd0392359c17fc0975e754be6.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Synergistic Action of 1,2-Epoxy-3 (3- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopiyran-4-on) Propane with Doxorubicin and Cisplatin through Increasing of p53, TIMP-3, and MicroRNA-34a in Cervical Cancer Cell Line (HeLa)295529626980110.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2955ENLellyYuniartiDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.Doctorate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-6329-1277MustofaMustofaDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000000192519851TeguhAryandonoDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-1143-4125Sofia MubarikaHaryanaDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0001-7205-652XJournal Article20180525Objective: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide, with a high mortality rate<br />especially in developing countries. Insufficient treatment for cervical cancer, multiple side effects, and high drug prices<br />encourage researchers to look for effective and selective cancer drugs with appropriate molecular targets. This study<br />explored the cytotoxicity of (1,2-epoxy-3(3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-on) propane (EPI) synthesized<br />from clove leaves oil on HeLa cells, its combination with doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (CIS), and also their influence<br />on p53, TIMP-3, and miR-34a as therapeutic targets. Materials and Methods: This research was an experimental<br />in vitro study on cervical cancer uteri culture. The cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay. The drug combination<br />synergisms were indicated by the combination index (CI) (using CompuSyn 1.4). HeLa cells in 32 wells were divided<br />into eight groups as negative control, which were given EPI ½IC50, EPI IC50, EPI 2IC50, DOX IC50, combination of<br />EPI+DOX, CIS, and the combination of EPI+CIS. The p53 and TIMP-3 concentrations were measured using ELISA,<br />and expressions of miR-34a with qRT-PCR. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were performed to determine<br />the mean difference of all variables between the study groups. Results: IC50 for EPI was 33.24 (±3.01) μg/ml, while DOX<br />and CIS were 4.8 μg/ml (±0.1), and 23.34 μg/ml (±3.01), respectively, while CI values for EPI-DOX were EPI-CIS and 8 (2.93±0.42) μg/ml were significantly higher compared to the control group (p<0.05). All treatment groups showed<br />significantly increased miR-34a expressions compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The combinations<br />showed a very strong synergism and a moderate slight synergism for EPI-DOX and EPI-CIS. Both combinations were<br />able to increase the expressions of p53, TIMP-3 proteins, and MiR-34a in the HeLa cells.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69801_6593501283ee67f0d7293006e590b447.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001BRCA1/BRCA2 Mutations Shaped by Ancient Consanguinity Practice in Southern Mediterranean Populations296329727049510.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2963ENFadouaBelaibaLaboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus universitaire1060 El Manar I Tunis, Tunisia.ImenMedimeghLaboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus universitaire1060 El Manar I Tunis, Tunisia.YannickBidetSalah Azaiez Institute of Carcinology of Tunis, Boulevard 09 Avril, 1006 Bab Saadoun, Tunisia.SamiBoussettaLaboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus universitaire1060 El Manar I Tunis, Tunisia.OlfaBaroudiLaboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus universitaire1060 El Manar I Tunis, Tunisia.AmelMezliniLaboratoire Diagnostic Génétique et Moléculaire, Centre Jean-Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 01, France.Yves JeanBignonSalah Azaiez Institute of Carcinology of Tunis, Boulevard 09 Avril, 1006 Bab Saadoun, Tunisia.AmelBenammar El GaaiedLaboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus universitaire1060 El Manar I Tunis, Tunisia.Journal Article20180525The aim of this study is to investigate the involvement of consanguinity on BRCA1/2 mutation incidence in Southern<br />Mediterranean populations and to confirm their low penetrance by comparison of their recurrence in sporadic and familial<br />breast cancer in a context of ancient consanguinity practice. Our study comprises of two parts: First, a comparison of<br />the consanguinity rates of the South Mediterranean countries in a relationship with the frequency of BRCA1 deleterious<br />mutations in breast cancer families and the recurrence of these mutations. Second, we investigated 23patients with a<br />family history of breast cancer, 51 patients without a family history of breast cancer using next-generation sequencing<br />of BRCA2 and then confirmed by Sanger sequencing for the novel mutation. As results, we clearly show a strong<br />relationship between the frequency of BRCA1 deleterious mutations in breast cancer families and rate of consanguinity,<br />since they are significantly inversely correlated. Four deleterious mutations were found in BRCA2 gene including a<br />novel frame-shift mutationc.9382_9383dup in a patient with familial breast cancer and three other frame-shift mutations<br />c.6591_6592del, c.1310_1313del and c.7654dup in patients with sporadic breast cancer.These results are discussed<br />in a context of selective pressure of ancient consanguinity practice. In conclusion, the study of BRCA1/2 gene in<br />Southern Mediterranean countries revealed low penetrance recurrent mutations in sporadic and familial breast cancer.<br />These mutations have been selected in a context of ancient consanguinity practice along with protective genetic and<br />environmental factors.https://journal.waocp.org/article_70495_688e7c0a76ddcb90bf32e6b64233500f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001A Phase IV Efficacy Study of Formeta Plus Carboplatin as First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non-Squamous, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Iran: An Affordable Price with Clinical Benefit297329786912710.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2973ENAdnanKhosraviTobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.BabakSalimiChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of
Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ZahraEsfahani-MonfaredChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of
Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ShararehSeifiChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of
Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.HanifehMirtavoos-MahyariChronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of
Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20180531Background: This study performed to assess the efficacy and safety of Formeta (generic form of Pemetrexed) plus<br />Carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy in advanced stage, non- squamous, non small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) in Iran.<br />Methods: This was a post marketing single-arm phase IV efficacy study of Formeta (manufactured by Oncomed.,Czech<br />Republic ) and Carboplatin in chemo-naive advanced non-squamous NSCLC Iranian patients. Patients received up to six<br />cycles of Formeta (500 mg/m2) combined with Carboplatin (area under the curve: AUC 5) every 3 weeks. The primary<br />endpoint was the progression free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoints were safety and overall survival (OS).<br />Results: Fifty-two patients were enrolled between June 2014 to January 2016, and 44 patients were evaluable for both<br />safety and efficacy. Partial and complete responses were achieved in 19 (36.5 %) and 2 (3.8%) patients, respectively<br />as well as stable disease in 8 patients (15.3 %). Median of PFS and OS were 7.9 ± 1.1 months and 12.43±0.6 months,<br />respectively. Anemia was the most prevalent adverse events of this regimen. Grades 3 or 4 of adverse events were not<br />observed in any patients. Non-hematologic and other grades of hematologic toxicities were generally mild, and there<br />were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusion: The combination of Formeta and Carboplatin was effective in advanced<br />non-squamous NSCLC and can be a suitable candidate as first-line treatment in these patient’s population.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69127_33070ef0de591ee0c8220c9c4a2f77af.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001The Effect of Gluten Free Diet on Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial297929846912810.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2979ENMehdiEhteshamiDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics,, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.RahebehShakerhosseiniDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics,, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.FatemehSedaghatDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MehdiHedayatiCellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.HassanEini-ZinabDepartment of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AzitaHekmatdoostDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics,, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20180611Background: This study aimed to assess the effects of Gluten free diet (GFD) on components of metabolic syndrome<br />(MES). Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 50 subjects diagnosed with MES were randomly<br />divided into two groups (n=25). The first group received a GFD and the second group continued their regular diet.<br />Biochemical markers of MES and blood pressure were measured before and after 8-week intervention. Results: Forty<br />five subjects completed the study. A post-hoc comparison of the groups showed no effects of the GFD and control<br />diet on LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. The<br />GFD reduced fasting blood glucose, waist circumference (WC) and serum triglyceride concentration significantly<br />compared with the control diet (p<0.05). Conclusion: Short-term GFD reduced WC and improved glycemic control<br />and Triglyceride level in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69128_412d1414621884a6053c06f3d5550340.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Anxiety and Depression in Thai Women with Abnormal Cervical Cytology who Attended Colposcopic Unit in Thammasat University Hospital298529896980610.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2985ENSasiwimonPhuakpoolpolDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.KomsunSuwannarurkDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.0000 0003 3019 9877KankamolJaisinDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.AwassadaPunyashthiraDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.0000000343273722JunyaPattaraarchachaiChulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.0000-0001-5838-7082KornkarnBhamarapravatanaDepartment of preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.Journal Article20180624Background: Colposcopy is the standard investigation for women with abnormal cervical cytology. Waiting time<br />to colposcopy could impact to psychological distress. Data about anxiety and depression in eastern countries patients<br />were limited. Aim of this investigation was to evaluate anxiety and depression status in Thai women who were waiting<br />for colposcopy compared to women who attended gynecology clinic for cervical cancer screening. Materials and<br />methods: This study was conducted at the outpatient gynecology clinic of Thammasat University Hospital between<br />January 2017 to March 2018. A Total of 200 women were recruited into the study. The cases were divided into the study<br />and control group. Study group consisted of one hundred women with abnormal cervical cytology referred to colposcopy.<br />One hundred of women who attended gynecology clinic for cervical cancer screening was classified as control group.<br />The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to determine anxiety in the participants. Results: Total<br />of 200 women who met criteria of the study were recruited. The mean ages of both groups were 40 years old. Both<br />groups were significantly different when it came to their education, 30 and 59 percent of study and control group had<br />education level more than bachelor (p=0.003). The prevalence of anxiety was statistically significantly higher in study<br />group than the control group (15% and 6%, respectively). There was only one case of depression in study. Waiting time<br />and abnormal cervical cytology severity did not affected to anxiety level. Conclusions: Colposcopy and appointment<br />caused anxiety. However anxiety was not associated with waiting time to colposcopy or Pap result’s severity.https://journal.waocp.org/article_69806_32ad0e23010db313c68e938a31da6271.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368191020181001Metformin Reshapes the Methylation Profile in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Cells299129997649710.22034/APJCP.2018.19.10.2991ENHusseinSabitDepartment of Genetics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia.Shaimaa EAbdel-GhanyCollege of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.Center of Research and Development, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.Osama AM SaidCollege of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.Mohamed AMostafaCenter of Basic Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.MokhtarEl-ZawahryCollege of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.Center of Research and Development, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20180220With no sharp cure, breast cancer still be the major and the most serious life-threatening disease worldwide. Colorectal<br />is the third most commonly occurring cancer in men and the second most commonly occurring cancer in women. In the<br />present investigation, colon cancer cells (CaCo-2) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were treated with elevated doses<br />of metformin (MET) for 48h. Cell count was assessed using trypan blue test, and the cytotoxicity was evaluated using<br />MTT assay. Methylation-specific PCR was performed on the bisulfite-treated DNA against two tumor suppressor genes;<br />RASSF1A and RB. Results indicated that: in breast cancer, the cell count was decreased significantly (P>0.005) after<br />being treated with 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mM of MET. The elevated concentration had increased reduction percentages<br />on the MCF-7 cells, as 5 mM and 100 mM have yielded 35% and 93.3% reduction in cell viability, respectively. Colon<br />cancer cells have responded to the doses of MET differently, as for the 5 mM and the 100 mM, it gave 88% and 60%<br />reduction in cells viability, respectively. Cytotoxicity assay revealed that 5 mM and 100 mM of MET caused breast<br />cancer cells to loss 61.53% and 85.16% of its viability, respectively, whereas colon cancer cells have responded to the<br />5 mM and 100 mM of MET by reducing the cells viability with 96.91% and 96.24%, respectively. No RB promoter<br />methylation was detected in colon cells, while RASSF1A was partially methylated. In the MCF-7 breast cancer cells,<br />both RASSF1A and RB were partially methylated.https://journal.waocp.org/article_76497_7a3c179ce8e00317a0d761a74546d3ff.pdf