West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Cytokines as Prognostic Biomarkers of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis3153238945710.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.315ENMoh NailulFahmiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0001-6128-0737HeruPradjatmoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.IndwianiAstutiDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Ricvan DanaNindreaDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia.0000-0002-1844-3323Journal Article20201015Objectives: The value of cytokines as epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) prognostic factors has been widely investigated. This study aimed to determine the role of single cytokine as a biomarker prognosis in EOC. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting cytokine as the prognostic predictor in EOC based on PRISMA guideline. We included English articles investigating associations of preoperative cytokines level in tissue, blood or ascites with overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) from PUBMED and EBSCO. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Fifty studies investigating twenty types of cytokines in tumor tissue, serum, and ascites from 5,376 patients were included. Pre-operative high VEGF level was associated with poor OS (HR 2.28, 95%CI [1.28, 3.28]) and DFS (HR 2.13, 95%CI [1.63, 2.78]) in serum and OS (HR 1.80, 95%CI [1.45, 2.23]) in tissue. IL-6 level in blood was associated with DFS (HR 1.60, 95%CI [1.21, 2.11]). There was no single cytokine which investigated by at least 2 studies reporting hazard ratio in ascites, so we did not conduct the meta-analysis. Other cytokines (serum IL-8; ascites fluid IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α; and ovarian tissue TGF-α, CSF-1, IL-10 ,TGF-β1, IL-17) associated with the poorer prognosis, could not be pooled due to lack of studies. Conclusion: Pre-operative VEGF level in serum and tissue specimen seem to be the potential candidate of an unfavorable prognostic biomarker for EOC. The evidence was lacking to support the other cytokines investigated in blood, tissue and ascites as prognostic biomarkers for EOC.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201The Effect of Particle Size on the Cytotoxicity of Amorphous Silicon Dioxide: An in Vitro Toxicological Study3253328945810.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.325ENAthenaRafieepourStudent Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MansourR.AzariSchool of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.JalalPourahmad JaktajiSchool of Pharmacy, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.FaribaKhodagholiNeuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran.HabibollahPeiroviNanomedicine and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran.YadollahMehrabiSchool of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.YousefMohammadianDepartment of
Occupational Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20191127Introduction: Amorphous silicon dioxide (A-SiO2) is abundant in the Earth’s crust, the A-SiO2 nano and microparticles are released into the air through industrial and manufacturing activities. Due to the limited available toxicological information, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of different sizes of A-SiO2 particles on the A549 cell-lines in an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: The A-SiO2 particles in two categories of nano (10-100 nm) and micro (< 5um) were used in this study. The human lung A549 cell-line was exposed to either nano- or micro-sized A-SiO2 particles at 10, 50, 100, and 250 μg/ml, and the effects were investigated. Results: The cytotoxicity of A-SiO2 nano and microparticles in both 24- and 72-hour exposure times resulted in decreased cell survival, mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased ROS generation which was concentration-time dependent (P <0.05) but glutathione content was not affected in a time-dependent manner. Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles, contrary to the previous study, was not higher than microparticles in the comparable dose and exposure times. Conclusion: The rate of ROS generation in the A549 cell-line exposed to A-SiO2 nanoparticles was higher than microparticles. And at the same time, cell survival for exposed cells to A-SiO2 nano and microparticles were higher for nanoparticles in shorter exposure periods and was inversely concentration- and time-dependent. Further studies on exploring the effect of size and its possible toxic mechanism are recommended to achieve a more credible risk assessment.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Physical Features and Vital Signs Predict Serum Albumin and Globulin Concentrations Using Machine Learning3333408945910.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.333ENJingWeiThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University. Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s
Republic of China.JieXiangThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University. Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s
Republic of China.YousefYasinDepartment of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.AndrewBarszczykDepartment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada.Deanne Tak OnWahDepartment of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.MeifenYuThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University. Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s
Republic of China.Wendy WenyuHuangDepartment of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Zhong-PingFengDepartment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada.KangLeeDepartment of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.HongLuoThe Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University. Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s
Republic of China.Journal Article20200505Objective: Serum protein concentrations are diagnostically and prognostically valuable in cancer and other diseases, but their measurement via blood test is uncomfortable, inconvenient, and costly. This study investigates the possibility of predicting albumin, globulin, and albumin-globulin ratio from easily accessible physical characteristics (height, weight, Body Mass Index, age, gender) and vital signs (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, pulse) using advanced machine learning techniques. Methods: We obtained albumin concentration, globulin concentration, albumin-globulin ratio and predictor information (physical characteristics, vital signs) from physical exam records of 46,951 healthy adult participants in Hangzhou, China. We trained a computational model to predict each serum protein concentration from the predictors and then evaluated the predictive accuracy of each model on an independent portion of the dataset that was not used in model training. We also determined the relative importance of each feature within the model. Results: Prediction accuracies were r=0.540 (95% CI: 0.539-0.540; Pearson r) for albumin, r=0.250 (95% CI: 0.249-0.251) for globulin, and r=0.373 (95% CI: 0.372-0.374) for albumin-globulin ratio. The most important predictive features were age (100% ± 0.0%; mean ± 95% CI of normalized importance), gender (34.4% ± 0.7%), pulse (25.6% ± 1.3%) and Body Mass Index (24.4% ± 2.3%) for albumin, pulse (83.7% ± 3.8%) for globulin, and age (99.2% ± 1.0%), gender (59.2% ± 1.7%), Body Mass Index (46.1% ± 4.2%) and height (40.0% ± 3.8%) for albumin-globulin ratio. Conclusions: Our models predicted serum protein concentrations with appreciable accuracy showing the promise of this approach. Such models could serve to augment existing tools for identifying “at-risk” individuals for follow-up with a blood test.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Significance of HIF-1α Expression and LOXL-2 Localization in Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma3413478946010.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.341ENAnshulBhartiDepartment of Oral Pathology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, India.0000-0002-2750-0297Aadithya BUrsDepartment of Oral Pathology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, India.PriyaKumarDepartment of Oral Pathology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, India.Journal Article20200602Backgroud: In the microenvironment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 (HIF-1) is a very important chemical mediator in the microenvironment of OSCC through which cells respond to hypoxia. LOXL-2 participates in ECM remodelling, and also in regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, epithelial cell polarity and differentiation. Aim/material and methods: The present study was conducted on 90 histopathologically proven cases of OSCC to ascertain the role of HIF-1α and LOXL-2 in OSCC. Immunoexpression of both HIF-1α and LOXL-2 was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively and compared with tumor stage, nodal stage, clinical stage, and histological grade. Results: Tumor stages and nodal stages had significant correlation with HIF-1α expression and localization of LOXL-2 immunoexpression respectively. Conclusion: This is probably the first study to analyze LOXL-2 localization in OSCC. Alteration in the immunoexpression of LOXL-2 from nuclear to cytoplasmic and HIF-1α immunoexpression might be an important factor in progression of OSCC.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201The Role of English Proficiency in HPV and HPV Vaccine Awareness: A Cross-Sectional Study Across Race/Ethnicity3493578946110.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.349ENHee YunLeeSchool of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.0000-0003-3499-6304YanLuoSchool of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.JessicaNeeseSchool of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.CaseyDanielUSA Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South
Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.Hyeouk ChrisHahmSchool of Social Work, Boston University, USA.Journal Article20200618Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and associated with over 90% of cervical cancer cases. The present study aimed to examine levels of HPV and HPV vaccine awareness and associated factors, particularly English proficiency, across various racial/ethnic groups. Methods: Two cross-sectional datasets, 2017 and 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTs), were analyzed for the current study. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Findings: Non-Hispanic Whites had the highest levels while non-Hispanic Asians had the lowest levels of awareness regarding HPV and the HPV vaccine. English proficiency was significantly associated with increased HPV awareness among all groups except non-Hispanic Asian, and was significantly associated with greater HPV vaccine awareness in all groups. Discussion: In order to promote health equity across race/ethnicity, language barriers among minorities should be addressed when implementing health education on HPV and the HPV vaccine.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Prevalence of Smoke-Free Zone Compliance among Schools in Indonesia: A Nationwide Representative Survey3593638946210.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.359ENAlAsyaryDepartment of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.Center for
Education and Community Services, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia (P3M FKM UI), Depok, Indonesia.0000-0003-2150-0429MeitaVeruswatiCenter for
Education and Community Services, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia (P3M FKM UI), Depok, Indonesia.PhD
Student in Business and Management, Management and Science University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Department of Public
Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA (UHAMKA), Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-0877-4612Cut PutriArianieDirectorate of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention (P2PTM), Indonesian Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.Theresia Sandra DiahRatihDirectorate of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention (P2PTM), Indonesian Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.AriesHamzahDirectorate of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention (P2PTM), Indonesian Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.Journal Article20200722Background: With the increasing prevalence of teenage or school-age smokers, schools have become the main focus of the Indonesian government in tobacco control, including through the smoke-free zone (SFZ) policy. This study aims to obtain information related to the implementation of SFZ policies in schools. Methods: A nationally representative survey was employed in 900 elementary, junior high, and senior high schools that were located in 60 regions or 24 provinces of Indonesia. Each school’s compliance with SFZ parameters was measured using a closed-ended questionnaire. The dataset was analyzed using frequency distribution, while the chi-square was performed to analyze the measurement effect of each parameter for SFZ compliance. Results: Java Island is the region with the largest proportion of school units (10%) studied in this study, and the largest group of the schools are high schools (36.1%). In terms of SFZ compliance, 413 (45.9%) of schools had perfect compliance scores of 8, followed by 183 schools (20.3%) with a score of 7 and 107 (11.9%) with a score of 6. It was found that parameter 5, namely cigarette butts found in the school environment, had the largest proportion when a school did not apply SFZ. Cigarette butts were found in 261 (29.0%) schools. Cigarette butts found in schools contributed 7.8 times to not applying SFZ compared to schools where no cigarette cutters were found. Conclusion: Although the SFZ compliance rate in Indonesian schools is 66.2% at least on 7 of 8 existed parameters, this means most of schools still aren’t fully complying with the regulations for SFZs. This recent evidence will help decisionmakers to enforce tobacco control, particularly among youth, which form the pillar of national development.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Role of Immunotherapy in Stage IV Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung3653708946310.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.365ENTakefumiKomiyaMedical Oncology, Parkview Cancer Institute, 11050 Parkview Circle, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, USA.NeemaRavindraMedical Oncology, Parkview Cancer Institute, 11050 Parkview Circle, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, USA.EmilyPowellParkview Research Center,
Mirro Center for Research and Innovation, 3948- A New Vision Drive, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, USA.Journal Article20200730Background: Despite approvals of immune checkpoint inhibitors in both small cell and non-small cell lung cancers, the role of immunotherapy in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) in lung is undefined. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), Stage IV lung LCNEC cases diagnosed from 2014 to 2016 were analyzed. Information regarding cancer treatment was limited to first course of therapy, including surgery for primary lesion, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazard model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: Among 661 eligible cases, 37 patients were treated with immunotherapy. No significant association between use of immunotherapy and clinical demographics was observed except for use of chemotherapy (p=0.0008). Chemotherapy was administered in 34 (92%) and 406 (65%) in immunotherapy and non-immunotherapy groups, respectively. Use of immunotherapy was associated with improved overall survival (Log-rank p=0.0018). Landmark analysis in the immunotherapy group showed 12 and 18-month survivals of 34.0% and 29.1%, respectively, whereas those in the non-immunotherapy group were 24.1% and 15.0%, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that female sex (HR=0.79, p=0.0063), liver metastases (HR=0.75, p=.0392), surgery (HR= 0.50, p <0.0001) use of chemotherapy (HR= 0.44, p <0.0001), and use of immunotherapy (HR=0.64, p=0.0164) had statistical significance. Propensity score matching in overall survival analysis showed a nonsignificant trend (p=0.0733) in favor of immunotherapy treatment. Conclusion: This retrospective study using NCDB suggests that use of immunotherapy may improve survival of LCNEC patients.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Transcriptional Biomarkers in Oral Cancer: An Integrative Analysis and the Cancer Genome Atlas Validation3713808946410.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.371ENKinjal DPatelThe Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad-380 016, Gujarat, India.Hemangini HVoraThe Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad-380 016, Gujarat, India.Prabhudas SPatelThe Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad-380 016, Gujarat, India.0000-0003-1004-7024Journal Article20200807Objective: An impervious mortality rate in oral cancer (OC) to a certain extent explains the exigencies of precise biomarkers. Therefore, the study was intended to identify OC candidate biomarkers using samples of healthy normal tissues (N=335), adjacent normal tissues (N=93) and OC tissues (N=533) from online microarray data. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recognised through GeneSpring software (Fold change >4.0 and ‘p’ value West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201The Effect of the EGFR - Targeting Compound 3-[(4-Phenylpyrimidin-2-yl) Amino] Benzene-1-Sulfonamide (13f) against Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines3813908946510.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.381ENPapaveeSamatiwatDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand.0000-0003-0745-864XLueachaTabtimmaiDepartment of
Biochemistry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.0000-0002-1311-9030PrapasiriSuphakunDepartment of
Biochemistry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.NattananJiwacharoenchaiGenetic Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School,
Kasetsart University, 10900, Thailand.0000-0003-4525-519XBorvorrnvatToviwekDepartment of Chemistry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.0000-0003-0541-2541VeerapolKukongviriyapanDepartment
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.Cholangiocarcinoma Research
Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.0000-0001-5867-9093M. PaulGleesonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok. Thailand.0000-0001-6998-7446KiattaweeChoowongkomonDepartment of
Biochemistry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for
Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.0000-0002-2421-7859Journal Article20200808Objective: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a noxious malignancy of epithelium of the bile duct with a low response rate to chemotherapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is implicated in the development of cancerous cells, especially CCA. In this study, we report detailed biological profiling of 13f identified from our earlier hit expansion studies. The aim of this work was to expand our understanding of 13f via more detailed investigations of its mechanism of action against KKU-100, KKU-452 and KKU-M156 CCA cells, as well as in comparison to the EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib and non-specific chemotherapeutic agents such as Cisplatin. Methods: Inhibiting EGFR-Kinase, cytotoxicity, clonogenic assay, wound healing and apoptosis were performed. Levels of total expression of EGFR and EGFR phosphorylation proteins were detected. Results: 13f was confirmed as an inhibitor of EGFR with an IC50 value against the tyrosine kinase of EGFR of 22 nM and IC50 values for 48 h incubation period were 1.3 ± 1.9, 1.5 ± 0.4 and 1.7 ± 1.1 µM of KKU-100, KKU-452 and KKU-M156, respectively through dose- and time-dependent induction of early apoptosis of CCA cells. The compound also suppressed the clonogenic ability of KKU-100 and KKU-M156 cells stronger than Gefitinib, while potently inhibiting EGF-stimulated CCA cell migratory activity in KKU-452 cells. It was observed that under normal conditions EGFR was activated in CCA cells. EGF-stimulated basal expression of EGFR in KKU-452 cells was suppressed following 13f treatment, which was significantly greater than that of the marketed EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib. Conclusion: In summary, our study showed that 13f has potent anti-cancer activities including antiproliferation, clonogenic ability and migration through the modulation of EGFR signaling pathway in CCA for the first time. The compound represents an interesting starting point as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in ongoing efforts to improve response rate in CCA patients.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201The Predictors of Sexual Satisfaction among Iranian Women with Breast Cancer3913968946610.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.391ENNasrinFouladiDepartment of Community Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran.Social Determinants of Health
Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.IrajFeiziDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil
University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran.Mehriar,NadermohammadiDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical
Sciences, Ardebil, Iran.ElhamMehraraTabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.RozitaAdldoostiFaculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran.SaraAlimohammadiFaculty of Medicine, Shahidbeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20200825Background: Breast cancer targets women’s sexual organs and deals with patients’ femininity. The low age of incidence and the late stage of diagnosis of the disease in Iran give rise to sexual dysfunction among patients. Identifying the severity of the disorder, and its determiners can specify the probable groups to be influenced. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 144 women with breast cancer who underwent surgical and complementary therapies were included in the study. Data collection was done through questionnaires: FSFI, SSSW and the demographic and clinical information questionnaire. Results: The mean age of patients was 42.31 ± 5.18 years. 76 patients (52.8%) underwent partial mastectomy and complementary treatments, and 68 cases (47.2%) underwent total mastectomy and complementary treatments. All patients had sexual dysfunction in all dimensions. The average score of sexual satisfaction was 84.3±10 10. The lowest sexual satisfaction score (79.6 ± 9.6) belonged to patients with total mastectomy (P = 0.013). Regression analysis showed predictability of patients’ sexual satisfaction by type of treatment and sexual function (P = 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction and the low level of sexual satisfaction in patients with significant predictive effect of treatment type and sexual function denote that the patients with breast cancer need to be assisted to have proper sexual function and satisfaction leading to higher quality of life.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Effects of Pictorial Health Warnings on Cognitive, Affective, and Smoking Behavior: A Mixed Methods Study in Four Cities in Indonesia3974058946710.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.397ENRendroDhaniFaculty of Communication Studies, Institut Komunikasi dan Bisnis LSPR, Jakarta, Indonesia.ArtiniArtiniFaculty of Communication Studies, Institut Komunikasi dan Bisnis LSPR, Jakarta, Indonesia.Sri TunggulPannindriyaFaculty of Communication Studies, Institut Komunikasi dan Bisnis LSPR, Jakarta, Indonesia.AlbertAlbertFaculty of Communication Studies, Institut Komunikasi dan Bisnis LSPR, Jakarta, Indonesia.AbdillahAhsanFaculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.0000-0002-3543-7574DianKusumaPolicy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, London, UK.0000-0002-1909-9341Journal Article20200902While studies have shown the importance of pictorial health warnings (PHW) as a tobacco control strategy, empirical evidence on the efficacy of PHW in prompting smoking behavior remains inconclusive. The study aimed to examine the association between PHW and cognitive reactions, emotional/affective reactions, and smoking behavior. We conducted a mixed-methods study, which included a cross-sectional face-to-face survey of 401 smokers in four cities (Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, and Yogyakarta) and three focus group discussions among 24 participants in Jakarta. We applied multiple logit regression in STATA for quantitative data analysis and explanatory sequential design for qualitative data analysis. Quantitatively, we found high (63-84% of respondents) understanding about PHW objectives (cognitive reactions), including to remind health risks and encourage smoking cessation. With only 40% PHW, we found relatively low (32%-39%) negative emotional reactions, including feeling scared, annoyed and disgusted and relatively low proportions (33-40%) of respondents that reported quit attempt. Consistent with the quantitative findings, qualitative data provided contexts, including in explaining that the professional worker group was the least affected by PHW, while the student and non-professional groups were the most vulnerable. All this is supportive of governments in Indonesia and other countries to increase the PHW size.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Potential Utility of Cell Free High Mobility Group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) as a Prognostic Biomarker in Liquid Biopsies of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma4074128946810.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.407ENNosheenMahmoodZiauddin University, Pakistan.0000-0002-6269-9457ShamimMushtaqBiochemsitry, Director Postgraduate Ziauddin University, Pakistan.QamarJamalZiauddin University, Pakistan.MuhammadHanifKarachi Institute
of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, PakistanHumeraAkhlaqJinnah Sind Medical University, Pakistan.Dur-e-ShewarRehmanAnatomy, King Saud Bin
Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia.RashidAwanInternal, Medicine, Chinniot General Hospital, Pakistan.Journal Article20200907Background: Locoregional spread is a frequent finding in oral cancer which dictates poor prognosis. HMGA2 expression has been linked to malignant traits of oral cancer in tissue biopsies however, data on HMGA2 expression in liquid biopsies in oral cancer is sparse. Purpose of this study was to explore prognostic relevance of HMGA2 in liquid biopsies of oral cancer patients. Patients and Methods: After obtaining approval from Institutional Review Board of Ziauddin University and informed written consent from study subjects, expression of circulating HMGA2 was evaluated in 96 OSCC cases and 100 age and sex matched controls via real time PCR using specific set of primers. We further analyzed relationship of various sociodemographic and clinicopathological variables with HMGA2expression and explored its prognostic potential. Results: Expression was seen in 22 (23%) cases. A higher expression was observed among subjects with local invasion (52.6% vs 47.4 %), distant metastasis (71.4% vs 28.6%) and tumor recurrence (57.1% vs 42.9%) pWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Mobile Screening Unit (MSU) for the Implementation of the ‘Screen and Treat’ Programme for Cervical Cancer Prevention In Pune, India4134188946910.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.413ENSmitaJoshiPrayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.0000-0003-4776-2275RichardMuwongeScreening Group, Early Detection and
Prevention Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France.0000-0002-3448-0503VinayKulkarniPrayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.EricLucasScreening Group, Early Detection and
Prevention Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France.0000-0002-1252-1925SanjeevaniKulkarniPrayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.SeemaKandPrayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.MaheshMandolkarPrayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.MufidBaigPrayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.SudhakarWankhedePrayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.KavitaSurwasePrayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.DilipPardeshiPrayas, Amrita Clinic, Athawale Corner, Karve Road, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune 411 004, India.ParthaBasuScreening Group, Early Detection and
Prevention Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France.0000-0003-0124-4050SankaranarayananRengaswamyResearch Triangle Institute, International-
India, Commercial Tower, Pullman Hotel Aerocity, New Delhi, India.0000-0003-4957-5174Journal Article20200909Objectives: We are reporting the evaluation of an opportunistic point of care cervical cancer screening initiative in Pune, India using a mobile screening unit (MSU). Methods: We conducted 290 cervical cancer screening outreach clinics in the MSU. Screening was performed by trained nurses/ health care providers using visual inspection with 5% acetic acid (VIA). Screen positive women when eligible were treated by thermal ablation during the same sitting. Women with large lesions not eligible for treatment with thermal ablation were referred for colposcopy and treatment. Results: A total of 10, 925 women were screened between Nov 2016 and June 2019 in 290 outreach clinics in the MSU. The overall screen positivity was 6.6% (95% CI 6.1, 7.0) with a declining trend over time. A total of 304/717 (42.4%, 95% CI 38.7, 46.1) women received treatment with thermal ablation. About 3.6% (11/304) reported minor side effects and 1.6% (5/304) reported lower abdominal pain and all of them subsided after treatment. Among the 413 women who were advised colposcopy, only 84 (20.33%) women underwent the procedure. Of these 84 women, 64 (76.19%) had normal colposcopy/ histopathology, 7 (8.33%) had CIN1, 2 (2.38%) had CIN 2, 9 (10.71%) had CIN 3 disease and 2 (2.38%) women were diagnosed with invasive cancer. Conclusion: MSUs are useful for providing cervical cancer screening services, using the ‘screen and treat’ strategy. Thermal ablation is safe in the field clinics. Additional efforts are needed to improve the compliance for referral of those with large lesions requiring additional visits.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Key Drivers to Implement an Evidence-based Tobacco Control Programme in Schools of India: A Mixed-Methods Study4194268947010.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.419ENAkashPradhanProgram Manager, Public Health, Cancer Care Program, Tata Trusts, India.KunalOswalProgram Manager, Public Health, Cancer Care Program, Tata Trusts, India.KeyuriAdhikariProgram Manager, Public Health, Cancer Care Program, Tata Trusts, India.AjitaSinghProgram Manager, Public Health, Cancer Care Program, Tata Trusts, India.RishavKanodiaProgram Manager, Public Health, Cancer Care Program, Tata Trusts, India.LakshmanSethuramanProgram Manager, Public Health, Cancer Care Program, Tata Trusts, India.RamachandranVenkataramananProgram Manager, Public Health, Cancer Care Program, Tata Trusts, India.GlorianSorensenProgram Manager, Public Health, Cancer Care Program, Tata Trusts, India.EveNaglerProgram Manager, Public Health, Cancer Care Program, Tata Trusts, India.MangeshPednekarProgram Manager, Public Health, Cancer Care Program, Tata Trusts, India.0000-0001-6266-5356PrakashGuptaProgram Manager, Public Health, Cancer Care Program, Tata Trusts, India.ArniePurushothamProgram Manager, Public Health, Cancer Care Program, Tata Trusts, India.Journal Article20200923Background: Adolescence is an influential stage in students’ lives when lifelong behaviours such as tobacco use are formed. During these years, school teachers are important role models for tobacco control among students. A study was conducted among school personnel and administrators to understand the key drivers for implementing an evidence-based school tobacco control program. Methodology: A cross-sectional, mixed-method study was conducted in five districts of Assam, India. The quantitative study was conducted among 565 school personnel across 40 Government-aided schools. Data was collected by means of an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. Qualitative data was generated from 15 focus group discussions (FGDs) among 146 participants - District Program Officers, Block Education Officers, Cluster Coordinators, Headmasters and Teachers. Results: While the prevalence of smoked tobacco was low (3%), the use of smokeless tobacco was higher (40%), and the prevalence of use of areca nut without tobacco (65%) was still higher among school personnel. They were aware of the school policies prohibiting the use of tobacco among students within or outside school buildings or during school-sponsored activities (81%); they had rather limited knowledge about policy for themselves (58%). There was lack of access to training materials about prevention of tobacco use among youth. The FGDs amongst school personnel resulted in several constructive suggestions on tobacco control in schools mainly in training school teachers, monitoring the program and incentives for execution of the program. However, there was a reluctance to implement a smokeless tobacco control programme since many were current users of smokeless tobacco and areca nut. Conclusion: Tobacco control policies as well as training school personnel in schools need to improve and further measures must be taken to prohibit use of areca nut, which contains carcinogens. The existing system of the education department can be utilised to implement tobacco control programmes effectively.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Symptom Perceptions and Help-Seeking Behaviours of Omani Patients Diagnosed with Late-Stage Colorectal Cancer: A Qualitative Study4274358947110.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.427ENMaheraAl SuqriDepartment of Psychiatry, Samail Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman.HudaAl-AwaisiDirectorate, Sultan Qaboos University
Hospital, Muscat, Oman.MansourAl-MoundhriMedical Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University,
Muscat, Oman.MohammedAl-AzriDepartment of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos
University, Muscat, Oman.0000-0002-6136-4081Journal Article20201010Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of mortality in Oman, with most patients diagnosed at advanced stages. Early diagnosis of CRC improves prognosis and survival rate. The aim of this study was to explore the symptom perceptions and help-seeking behaviours (HSBs) of Omani patients diagnosed with late-stage CRC. Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 16 patients. Results: Four main themes emerged, including normalisation and ignorance (patients felt healthy, perceived symptoms as not being serious and related to dietary habits, concealed them or prioritised work and family commitments), self-empowerment and self-management (patients were stubborn, employed ‘wait and see’ approach, used symptomatic or herbal treatments), disclosure and seeking help (patients disclosed symptoms to family members or friends, sought medical help only when symptoms worsened, visited faith healers or travelled abroad for treatment) and healthcare professionals (patients attributed treatment or diagnosis delays to lack of continuity of care, loss of trust in doctors or delays in referral). Conclusion: Patients attributed delays in CRC diagnosis to several factors based on their perceptions of symptoms. Most HSBs driven by sociocultural and emotional causes. Increased awareness of CRC symptoms and modifying HSBs can encourage early diagnosis. Prompting patients to disclose CRC-related symptoms may aid referral decisions.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201How Well Have Projected Lung Cancer Rates Predicted the Actual Observed Rates?4374458947210.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.437ENQingweiLuoCancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia.The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of
Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.0000-0002-8902-6869JuliaSteinbergCancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia.The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of
Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.Xue QinYuCancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia.The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of
Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.MichaelCaruanaCancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia.The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of
Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.KarenCanfellCancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia.The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of
Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales,
Sydney, Australia.Dianne LO’ConnellCancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia.The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of
Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.Journal Article20201014Background: While many past studies have constructed projections of future lung cancer rates, little is known about their consistency with the corresponding observed data for the time period covered by the projections. The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between previously published lung cancer incidence and/or mortality rate projections and observed rates. Methods: Published studies were included in the current study if they projected future lung cancer rates for at least 10 years beyond the period for which rates were used to obtain the projections, and if more recent observed rates for comparison covered a minimum of 10 years from the beginning of the projection period. Projected lung cancer incidence and/or mortality rates from these included studies were extracted from the publications. Observed rates were obtained from cancer registries or the World Health Organization’s Mortality Database. Agreement between projected and observed rates was assessed and the relative difference (RD) for each projected rate was calculated as the percentage difference between the projected and observed rates. Results: A total of 59 projections reported in 14 studies were included. Nine studies provided projections for 20 years or more. RDs were higher for those projections in which the lung cancer rates peaked during the projection period, and RDs increased substantially with the length of the projection period. When lung cancer rates peaked during the projection period, methods incorporating smoking data were generally more successful at predicting the trend reversal than those which did not incorporate smoking data. Mean RDs for 15-year projections comparing methods with or without smoking data were 12.7% versus 48.0% for males and 8.2% versus 42.3% for females. Conclusions: The agreement between projected and observed lung cancer rates is dependent on the trends in the observed rates and characteristics of the population, particularly trends in smoking.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Evaluation of the Synthesized Novel Iridium (III) Complexes Against HeLa Cell Lines Through In-Silico, In-Vitro and DNA Nicking4474558947310.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.447ENG SathyaPriyadarshiniDepartment of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, India.0000-0001-8494-2131AathiMuthusankarProtein Biology
Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.RameshSubramaniDepartment of Food Processing
Technology & Management, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, India.0000-0000-2153-5595SelviGopalDepartment of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, India.0000-0002-6812-3053Journal Article20201023Globally, the pharmaceutical industry is continuously driven in search of new anticancer drugs due to increasing rate of cancer patients. Clinical trials of Cisplatin has been explored, however, usage of Cisplatin as a drug is limited due to its various side effects, hence, alternative to platinum based complex drugs and its analogues are needed. Iridium complexes have been attracted widespread interests by virtue of their pharmacological and photo-physical properties; however the less number of complexes was reported in the literature. In this article, a new series of novel Iridium (III) complexes were synthesized using substituted quinoline Schiff Base (SB) ligands and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The in- vitro cyto-toxicity assay showed that the Iridium (III) complex activity is equal to standard Cisplatin. In addition, computational docking studies have shown that the prominent binding sites for synthesized complexes against HeLa cell lines, which is comparable with standard Cisplatin drugs and other Ruthenium complexes.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Effect of Intravenous Glutamine on Caspase-12 Expression in the Apoptosis of the Glomerular Epithelial Cells of Male Rats Exposed to Cisplatin4574628947410.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.457ENTamara AuliaFakhrinnisaMedicine Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Jalan Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47, Surabaya,
Indonesia.ImamSusiloDepartment of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Jalan Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47,
Surabaya, Indonesia.ArifaMustikaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Jalan Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo
47, Surabaya, Indonesia.Miyayu SonetaSofyanDepartment of Health Faculty of Vocational Study, Airlangga University, Jalan Darmawangsa dalam
68-69 601551 Surabaya, Indonesia.Journal Article20201020Objective: Cisplatin is potent chemotherapy for broad-spectrum malignancies treatment, but its use is limited by organ toxicity effects, including nephrotoxicity. Glutamine prevents cisplatin nephrotoxicity by inhibiting the oxidative stress in kidney cell apoptosis. Methods: This research examined the nephroprotective effects of intravenous glutamine on the glomerular epithelium of male rats (Rattus norvegicus). 30 male rats were randomly divided into (1) P0 as the control group; (2) P1 that was administered with single dose cisplatin (20 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneal injection; and (3) P2 that was administered with intravenous injection of glutamine (100 mg/kg BW) and single-dose cisplatin (20 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneal injection. The measurement of caspase-12 expression and apoptotic cells was performed using immunohistochemical methods. Results: The caspase-12 expression are as follows: P0 = 0.5 ± 0.15; P1 = 4.1 ± 0.86; P2 = 2.54 ± 0.72. The apoptotic cells are as follows: P0 = 14.5 ± 5.23 cells/field of view; P1 = 52.7 ± 17.06 cells/field of view; P2 = 31.5 ± 6.73 cells/field of view. There is a decrease in the caspase-12 expression and apoptotic cells after intravenous glutamine administration in male white rats’ glomerular epithelial cells exposed to cisplatin. The decrease of caspase-12 expression is followed by a decrease in glomerular epithelium apoptosis after intravenous glutamine administration. Conclusion: Immunohistochemical examination can be used as a marker of the nephrotoxic effect of cisplatin on the renal glomerular epithelium. Glutamine has been observed to give nephroprotective effect to cisplatin nephrotoxic effects.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Acetic Acid and Iodine Staining for Determining Malignancy in Solid Tumors4634698947510.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.463ENMaulina Indah AnugrahPutriSurgical Oncology Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,
Jakarta, Indonesia.Sonar SoniPanigoroSurgical Oncology Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital,
Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0003-0748-9884Agnes StephanieHarahapDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo
Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.Trevino AristarkusPakasiDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta,
Indonesia.BayuBrahmaDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-5295-7686Journal Article20201030Objective: Surgical margin is an important prognostic factor in solid cancer surgery. Frozen section (FS), the gold standard for intraoperative surgical margin evaluation, requires extensive waiting time and expensive FS devices. The purpose of this diagnostic study was to verify whether multi-staining (MS) method with acetic acid and iodine could be used to differentiate malignant and non-malignant lesions of solid tumor. Methods: The study was conducted on patients with solid tumor who underwent surgery in the Surgical Oncology Division of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from December 2017 to April 2018. Samples measuring less than 5 mm, necrotic tissue sample, and patients who did not agree to participate in the study were excluded. Every specimen was divided into two, one side as unstained control and the other side as MS samples. MS samples were sprayed with 10% acetic acid combined with iodine. MS samples and unstained controls were sent for histopathologic results and the pathologist was blinded to group assignment. Acetowhitening reaction in the sample was an indication of a positive MS result, and the presence of malignant foci in the histopathology examination was classified as positive pathological results. Results: Five-hundred-and-twenty samples were obtained from 150 patients. MS method was found to have sensitivity and specificity of 82%, and 63.5%, respectively. In subgroup analysis, we found that MS method has a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 79.3%, respectively for epithelial breast tumor; 65.7% and 83.3%, respectively for thyroid nodules; and 94.1% and 33.3%, respectively for oral cavity tumors. MS method reacts positively to solid malignant tumor and negatively to benign tumor and normal tissue (from margin samples). Highest sensitivity was found for breast and oral cavity malignancy, and high specificity was found for thyroid cancers. Conclusion: This study provided an alternative staining method for intraoperative macroscopic surgical margin evaluation, especially for rural areas without frozen section facilities.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Health Savings as an Alternative Solution: HPV Vaccination Behavior in Adolescents4714768947610.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.471ENWiwinLismidiatiDepartment of Pediatric and Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-5014-0437OvaEmiliaDepartment of Medical Education and Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing,
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.WidyawatiWidyawatiDepartment of Pediatric and Maternity Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Journal Article20201031Objective: This study aimed to measure the effects of reproductive health savings (tabungan kesehatan reproduksi, Takespro) on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation program and the quality of the decision making to get vaccinated, as measured by knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and self-efficacy toward HPV vaccination. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 128 students randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. This research was conducted in junior high schools. The intervention group received the health education “Takespro HPV” intervention through videos and booklets for 6 months at school. Participants in the control group received usual care from the school. Data were collected using a questionnaire of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and self-efficacy about HPV vaccination modified by researchers based on previous research and tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney test and independent t-test. Results: A total of 40 participants were actively enrolled in the intervention group, and 88 were passively enrolled in the control group. The health education that was part of the Takespro HPV intervention improved the knowledge (p < 0.05) and self-efficacy (p < 0.05) of the intervention group compared with the control group. The attitude and belief variables showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Forty students exhibited the health reproduction savings behavior at schools. However, the savings amount was insufficient to get HPV vaccination at the initiation phase. Conclusion: “Takespro” HPV intervention can be considered an alternative to increasing the coverage of HPV vaccination in adolescents in Yogyakarta.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Oral Psychosomatic Disorders in Family Caregivers of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients4774838947710.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.477ENShailesh MGondivkarDepartment of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur Maharashtra, India.Amol RGadbailDepartment
of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India.0000-0002-6546-7694Sachin CSarodeDepartment of Oral
Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra State, India.0000-0003-1856-0957AmolHedaooRashtra Sant Tukdoji Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (Tertiary care cancer centre), Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India.SubhrajitDasguptaRashtra Sant Tukdoji Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (Tertiary care cancer centre), Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India.BalkrishnaSharmaRashtra Sant Tukdoji Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (Tertiary care cancer centre), Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India.ApparnaSharmaDepartment of Dentistry, Government Medical College & Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India.MonalYuwanatiDepartment of Oral
Pathology & Microbiology, College of Dental Science & Research Centre, People’s University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.0000-0001-9233-8292Rima SGondivkarIndependent Researcher, Aarti regency, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Manewada Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India.Rahul NGaikwadDepartment
of Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Gargi SSarodeDepartment of Oral
Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra State, India.0000-0003-4628-8866ShankarPatilDepartment of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University,
Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.0000-0001-7246-5497Journal Article20201103Objective: To investigate the oral psychosomatic disorders (PSDs) in family caregivers (FCs) of oral cancer (OC) patients and to evaluate the correlation between these oral PSDs to severity of depression anxiety and stress. Methods: A total of 50 participants were included each in first degree relative (FDR), second degree relative (SDR) and control group. All the participants completed DASS-21 questionnaire and were subjected to thorough clinical history and oral examination. Results: All the FCs reported statistically significant higher mean levels of depression, anxiety and stress compared to controls (p˂0.001). A significantly greater number of FCs (40.00%) reported oral PSDs than control group (12.00%). Most prevalent oral PSD in FCs was aphthous stomatitis followed by oral lichen planus, bruxism, burning mouth syndrome and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. Moreover, there was a preponderance of these diseases in FDR (60.86%) compared to SDR (26.08%). FCs with moderate to very severe depression, anxiety and stress showed higher prevalence of these oral PSDs compared to the ones with mild depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusion: The observations of higher prevalence of oral PSDs in FCs with psychological alterations can enhance healthcare professionals’ awareness to better understand FCs’ oral healthcare needs.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Psycho-Education on Knowledge of Oral Hygiene and Psychological Distress to the Parents with Leukemia Children4854908947810.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.485ENIlyaKrisnanaFaculty of Nursing Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya Indonesia.Iqlima DwiKurniaFaculty of Nursing Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya Indonesia.PujiatiPujiatiSoetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.I Dewa GedeUgrasenaFaculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia.0000-0002-0458-7801Yuni SufyantiAriefFaculty of Nursing Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya Indonesia.Journal Article20201117Objective: To analyze the effect of psycho-educational intervention on knowledge of oral hygiene and psychological distress to the parents of children suffering from leukemia. Methods: Design of this study was a quasi-experimental pre-posttest control group design. The sample were 70 mothers who had children with leukemia (intervention group = 35 mothers; control group = 35 mothers). The independent variable was psycho-educational, while the dependent variables were oral hygiene knowledge and psychological distress. The instruments used were the knowledge questionnaire and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Mann Whitney U-test with the significance α =0.05. Results: The knowledge most widely known by parents was about how to perform of oral care (37.3%). All parameters of knowledge about oral hygiene have increased after being given a psycho-educational intervention. Psycho-educational interventions had an effect on reducing psychological distress; depression (p=0.000), anxiety (p=0.001) and stress (p=0.000). Conclusion: Most parents whose children suffer from cancer experience psychological distress in the form of depression, anxiety and stress with a range of symptoms ranging from mild to moderate. Psycho-educational interventions can increase knowledge about oral hygiene and decrease psychological distress in parents. <br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Clinical Impact of Pelvic Lymph Node Status in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients Treated by Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy4914978947910.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.491ENKanyaratKatanyooRadiation Oncology Unit, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Thailand.http://orcid.org/000ThaovalaiThavaramaraDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Thailand.0000-0003-1545-9714Journal Article20201120Objective: To explore the treatment outcomes of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients with pelvic lymph node enlargement (PLNE) or stage IIIC1 when compared with no PLNE and unknown PLN status (UNK). Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort study was designed by matching with the ratio of 1:4:4 for patients with PLNE, no PLNE and UNK between 2003 and 2017. The main factor which was used to match was clinical staging. Results: All 360 LACC patients who treated as concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) were composed of 40 with PLNE, 160 with no PLNE and 160 with UNK. The majority of tumor histology (78.9%) was squamous cell carcinoma and 51.1% were diagnosed in stage IIB. Five-year progression free survival rates of patients with PLNE, no PLNE and UNK were 42.7%, 64.5% and 59.0%, respectively (P = 0.191), and corresponding with 5-year overall survival rates of 57.0%, 66.0% and 61.9% (P = 0.608). Patients with PLNE had local recurrence (LR) at 22.5%, compared with no PLNE at 11.3% and UNK at 11.9%. The most common site of LR for patients with PLNE was PLN with odds ratio of 19.7 when using no PLNE as reference (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between distant metastasis rates in PLN statuses of patients with PLNE, no PLNE and UNK at 20.6%, 30.0% and 26.3%, respectively. Conclusions: LACC patients with PLNE had a trend of poorer survival rates than patients with no PLNE, while treatment outcomes of patients with UNK were not inferior to no PLNE.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Socioeconomic Predictors of Trends in Cancer Mortality among Municipalities in Japan, 2010–20194995088948010.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.499ENTasukuOkuiMedical Information Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka City, Japan.0000-0001-5098-8502Journal Article20201106Background: A study investigating associations between various socioeconomic factors and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) of each type of cancer among municipalities in Japan has not been conducted using the data of the past decade. Herein, we investigated the predictors of a recent trend of municipal SMRs of cancer using the Vital Statistics in Japan and revealed the change in the SMRs depending on the identified predictors. Methods: Data on cancer mortality for each municipality in 2010 and 2019 were used. We calculated empirical Bayes SMR (EBSMR) for each municipality by type of cancer and sex and then fitted a multiple linear regression model using possible predictors in 2010 as explanatory variables and the EBSMR in 2019 as the outcome variable. We also classified municipalities into quintiles based on the values of an identified predictor in 2010, and SMRs of each type of cancer in 2010 and 2019 were calculated for each quintile. Results: The total population was positively associated with EMSMRs of multiple cancer types, whereas educational level was negatively associated with EMSMRs of multiple cancer types. In addition, SMRs of municipalities with the lowest educational level deteriorated from 2010 to 2019 for many cancer types among men and women, and the difference between municipalities with the highest and lowest educational level for the SMR of cancer in all sites widened in 2019 for men. On the other hand, the SMR of municipalities with the highest educational level or the largest total population tended to be higher than municipalities with lower counterparts in both 2010 and 2019 for women. Conclusion: There was a difference in the trend of the SMRs of multiple types of cancer depending on municipal educational level, whereas municipalities with larger population or educational level continued to have higher SMRs of cancer in all sites for women.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Roles of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi in Gallbladder Cancer Development5095168948110.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.509ENRatnakarShuklaDepartment of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.PoojaShuklaDepartment of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.AnuBehariDepartment of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.DheerajKhetanDepartment of Transfusion Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.Rajendra KChaudharyDepartment of Transfusion Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.YasuoTsuchiyaDivision
of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.ToshikazuIkomaDivision
of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.TakaoAsaiDepartment of
Clinical Engineering and Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.0000-0002-3536-5072KazutoshiNakamuraDivision
of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.Vinay KKapoorDepartment of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.0000-0001-6953-7947Journal Article20201201Background: Typhoid (Salmonella typhi and paratyphi) carriers and gall bladder cancer (GBC) are endemic in northern India. Results of previous studies about association of typhoid carriers with GBC are inconsistent. We studied antibodies against Salmonella typhi and paratyphi in serum samples of patients with GBC. Methods: We performed modified Widal test for antibodies against Salmonella typhi (Vi and O) and Salmonella paratyphi (AO and BO) antigens in patients with GBC (n=100), xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC, n=24), chronic cholecystitis (CC, n=200) and healthy controls (HC, n=200). Results: Serum antibodies against Salmonella were more frequently positive in GBC (22%) and XGC (29%), particularly in males in age ≥50 years (GBC: 47% and XGC: 50%) vs. HC (0) (p <0.01). Vi antibody was more common in GBC (13%, OR:9.8) and XGC (8%, OR:5.9) than HC (2%). O antibody was more common in GBC (8%, OR: 8.6) and XGC (8%, OR: 9.0) than HC (1%). O antibody was also more common in males with GBC (12%) than CC (1%) and HC (1%) (P=0.02 and p <0.001, respectively). AO (6%) and BO (4%) antibodies were detected in GBC, particularly in males, than HC (0), (p <0.01). Salmonella antibodies were more frequent in GBC with GS than those without GS (50% vs. 20%, OR=3.94, P=0.01). Conclusions: Salmonella carrier state was more common in GBC and XGC, particularly in elderly males than HC. The Vi antibody was more common in GBC and XGC than HC. Salmonella infection was more common in GBC with GS than those without GS.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Cancer, Mortality, and Acute Kidney Injury among Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection5175228948210.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.517ENJohnathan AKhusidDepartment of Urology, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.0000-0002-7966-252XAdan Z.BecerraDepartment of Surgery, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.0000-0002-6072-3775BlairGallanteDepartment of Urology, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.Areeba SSadiqDepartment of Urology, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.William MAtallahDepartment of Urology, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.Ketan KBadaniDepartment of Urology, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.MantuGuptaDepartment of Urology, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.Journal Article20201209Background: To evaluate Coronavirus Disease 2019-(COVID19) patients treated within our academic medical system to determine if history of malignancy, both in general and specifically in genitourinary oncology patients, is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a multi-hospital, academic medical institution in New York City. Outcomes included mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and AKI among hospitalized patients. We also evaluated risk of hospitalization among all patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multilevel logistic regression models were used for analysis. Results: We identified 6,893 patients who met inclusion criteria, of which 4,018 were hospitalized. Among hospitalized patients 374 (9%) had a history of cancer, 281 (7%) experienced AKI, and 1,045 (26%) died. In adjusted analyses, patients with a history of cancer had 1.33 (95% CI = 1.05, 1.69) times the odds of death compared to those without cancer and this appeared to be driven by lung cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 2.44, 95% CI= 1.05, 4.39). Patients with a history of genitourinary cancer were not at higher risk of mortality compared to those without cancer (OR=0.99, 95% CI= 0.61, 1.62). History of cancer was not associated with ICU admission or AKI in overall and subgroup analyses. Conclusions: Patients with a history of cancer who are hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection are not at greater risk for AKI, though they are at higher risk for mortality as compared to patients without a history of cancer. The increased risk in mortality appears driven by patients with pulmonary neoplasms. Patients with a history of genitourinary malignancies do not appear to be at higher risk for AKI or for mortality compared to the general population.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Validation of Segmented Brain Tumor from MRI Images Using 3D Printingthe5235308948310.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.523ENUjwal AshokNayakDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.MamathaBalachandraDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.0000-0003-2201-8730ManjunathK NDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.0000-0001-8239-4047RajendraKuradyResearch and Development, RTWO Healthcare Private LLP, Mahalakshmipuram, Bengaluru, 560086, India.Journal Article20201217Background: Early diagnosis of a brain tumor is important for improving the treatment possibilities. Manually segmenting the tumor from the volumetric data is time-consuming, and the visualization of the tumor is rather challenging. Methods: This paper proposes a user-guided brain tumour segmentation from MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) images developed using Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit (MITK) and printing the segmented object using the 3D printer for tumour quantification. The proposed method includes segmenting the tumour interactively using connected threshold method, then printing the physical object from the segmented volume of interest. Then the distance between two voxels was measured using electronic callipers on the 3D volume in a specific direction. And next, the same distance was measured in the same direction on the 3D printed object. Results: The technique was tested with n=5 samples (20 readings) of brain MRI images from RIDER Neuro MRI dataset of National Cancer Institute. MITK provides various tools that enable image visualization, registration, and contouring. We were able to achieve the same measurements using both the approaches and this has been tested statistically with paired t-test method. Through this and the observer’s opinion, the accuracy of the segmentation was proved. Conclusion: When the difference in measurement of tumor volume through the electronic calipers and with 3D printed object equates to zero, proves that the segmentation technique is accurate. This helps to delineate the tumor more accurately during radio therapy.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Prediction for Breast Cancer in BI-RADS Category 4 Lesion Categorized by Age and Breast Composition of Women in Songklanagarind Hospital5315368948410.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.531ENSeechadNoonpradejDivision of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Songklanagarind hospital. Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand.PiyanunWangkulangkulDivision of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Songklanagarind hospital. Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand.PiyanootWoodtichartpreechaDivision of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Songklanagarind Hospital, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.SuphawatLaohawiriyakamolDivision of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Songklanagarind hospital. Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand.0000-0002-4055-8784Journal Article20201221Background: Older age and dense breast are the important risk factors for breast cancer. The ACR BI-RADS lexicon 5th edition does not mention how patient age and breast density may affect the category assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patient age and breast density influence the positive predictive value (PPV) of mammographic and ultrasonographic findings categorized as BI-RADS category 4 and subcategories 4a, 4b, and 4c among female patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Songklanagarind Hospital between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017 in female patients older than 18 years who had breast lesions categorized as BI-RADS category 4 and subcategories 4a, 4b, 4c. A total of 961 breast lesions consisted of 772 (80.33%) benign lesions and 189 (19.67%) malignant lesions. Categorization was done in each lesion based on age ranges of ≤35 years, >35 to 60 years, and >60 years and breast density according to mammographic breast composition. The PPV for each BI-RADS category was calculated based on the pathological diagnoses and were compared using the chi-square test. Results: The overall PPV in each subcategory was in the reference range. The PPV increased with increasing age: 4% vs. 22.63% vs. 36.67% for category 4 (p-value=0.01); 0% vs. 5.81% vs. 6.88% for subcategory 4a (p-value=0.002); 6.67% vs. 26.62% vs. 51.35% for subcategory 4b (p-value=0.001); and 33.33% vs. 76.92% vs. 81.82% for subcategory 4c (p-value=0.02). An association was not found between PPV and breast density. Conclusion: A significantly positive association was found between PPV and age in patients in BI-RADS subcategories 4a, 4b, and 4c. This study could not determine that mammographic breast composition according to the ACR BI-RADS 5th edition was associated with PPV due to improper sample distribution.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201A Systematic Approach of Data Collection and Analysis in Medical Imaging Research5375468948510.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.537ENManjunathK NDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education,
Manipal, 576104, India.0000-0001-8239-4047ChitraManuelDepartment of Information Science and Engineering, NIE Institute of Technology, Mysuru, 570008,
India.0000-0002-0763-6840GovardhanHegdeDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education,
Manipal, 576104, India.0000-0002-8741-8965AnjaliKulkarniConsultant, AI in Radiation Oncology, Bengaluru, India.RajendraKuradyRTWO Healthcare Solutions, J P Nagara, Bengaluru
560078, India, 560086.ManuelKSoftware Consultant, Bengaluru, India 560100.0000-0001-7397-6838Journal Article20210101Background: Obtaining the right image dataset for the medical image research systematically is a tedious task. Anatomy segmentation is the key step before extracting the radiomic features from these images. Objective: The purpose of the study was to segment the 3D colon from CT images and to measure the smaller polyps using image processing techniques. This require huge number of samples for statistical analysis. Our objective was to systematically classify and arrange the dataset based on the parameters of interest so that the empirical testing becomes easier in medical image research. Materials and Methods: This paper discusses a systematic approach of data collection and analysis before using it for empirical testing. In this research the image were considered from National Cancer Institute (NCI). TCIA from NCI has a vast collection of diagnostic quality images for the research community. These datasets were classified before empirical testing of the research objectives. The images in the TCIA collection were acquired as per the standard protocol defined by the American College of Radiology. Patients in the age group of 50-80 years were involved in various clinical trials (multicenter). The dataset collection has more than 10 billion of DICOM images of various anatomies. In this study, the number of samples considered for empirical testing was 300 (n) acquired from both supine and prone positions. The datasets were classified based on the parameters of interest. The classified dataset makes the dataset selection easier during empirical testing. The images were validated for the data completeness as per the DICOM standard of the 2020b version. A case study of CT Colonography dataset is discussed. Conclusion: With this systematic approach of data collection and classification, analysis will be become more easier during empirical testing.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Risk of High-Grade Cervical Lesions in Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASC-US) Cytology: Comparison between HIV-Infected and HIV-Negative Women5475518948610.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.547ENSantipapSrisomboonDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.CharuwanTantipalakornDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.TanaratMuangmoolDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.JatupolSrisomboonDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.0000-0003-3416-1710Journal Article20210104Background and objective: Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have an increased risk of HPV infection, cervical neoplasia. This study was undertaken to compare the risk of having high-grade cervical lesions defined as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) in HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected women who had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) on cervical cytology. Methods: Fifty-seven HIV-positive women aged 25-65 years with ASC-US cytology undergoing colposcopic examination between January 2008 and December 2020 at Chiang Mai University Hospital were reviewed. By matching 1:5 ratio, 285 HIV-negative women with ASC-US cytology in the same period were recruited as controlled subjects for comparison. The patient characteristics, HIV status, CD4 cell count within 6 months of colposcopy, antiretroviral therapy, parity, contraception, smoking history, number of sexual partners, and histopathology on cervical biopsy were analyzed. Results: Mean age ± SD of the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups was 44.28 ± 8.53 years and 44.28 ± 9.68 years, respectively. HIV-positive women were significantly less likely to use contraceptive methods (36.8 % versus 48.8 % in HIV-negative women; P = 0.002). HIV-infected women significantly had more sexual partners than HIV-uninfected women. Both groups had similar risk for CIN 2+ (5.3 % in HIV-positive women compared with 4.9 % in HIV-negative women; odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30 –3.87). After adjustment for no contraception use and number of sexual partners, the risk of CIN2+ in HIV-infected women remained unchanged; adjusted OR= 1.15, 95% CI = 0.27-4.92, P= 0.846). Conclusion: The risk of underlying high-grade cervical lesions in women with ASC-US on cervical cytology was approximately 5 %, regardless of HIV status.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Histopathology and ARID1A Expression in Endometriosis- Associated Ovarian Carcinoma (EAOC) Carcinogenesis Model with Endometrial Autoimplantation and DMBA Induction5535588948710.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.553ENPuspita EkaWuyungDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia.Animal Research Facilities, Indonesian Medical
Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia.https://orcid.org/00Familia BellaRahadiatiSpecialty Programme in Anatomical Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia.0000-0002-8120-3138HartonoTjahjadiDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia.SalinahSalinahDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia.KusmardiKusmardiDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia.0000-0003-4300-723XRiaKodariahDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia.BudiWiwekoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia.Human Reproduction, Infertility, and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education
and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia. *https://orcid.org/00Journal Article20190812Background: Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most deadly malignancies in the gynecologic field. The cause is not yet known, and the clinical symptoms are not specific. Endometrioid carcinoma and ovarian clear cell carcinoma can originate from endometriosis and are known as endometriosis-related ovarian carcinoma (EAOC). Development of EAOC experimental animal models is needed for basic research and clinical preparation of human tissue tests. This study aimed to determine the role of the ARID1A gene mutation in the carcinogenetic process of EAOC in experimental animal models induced with DMBA. Methods: In this study, the EAOC experimental model was developed using the autoimplantation technique and DMBA induction. This study involved placebo surgery mice (sham), endometrial autoimplantation, and a combination of endometrial autoimplantation and DMBA induction, which were sacrificed at weeks 5, 10, and 20, respectively. Histopathological assessment and immunohistochemical ARID1A staining with an assessment of positive percentages were carried out on 200 cells. Results: This study produced 1 (20%) atypical endometriosis and 1 (20%) clear cell carcinoma at implantation and after 10 weeks of DMBA induction, and 100% endometrioid carcinoma in the DMBA-induced group. ARID1A staining did not show any significant difference (p = 0.313) in all groups. Conclusion: The combination of endometrial autoimplantation techniques and DMBA induction in the ovary produced atypical endometriosis, clear cell carcinoma, and endometrioid carcinoma, where time is an important factor. There was no significant difference in ARID1A expression between the treatment and control groups.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Frequency of Zygosity in Jak-2 Positive Patients with Polycythemia Vera-Pakistan’s Perspective5595648948810.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.559ENSyed ZubairShahDepartment of Hematology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.NailaRazaDepartment of Hematology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.Muhammad IsrarNasirDepartment of Molecular Pathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.Syed Mustanir HussainZaidiDepartment of Statistics, Liaquat National
Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.Journal Article20200224Background: Estimation of JAK2V617F mutational load in Polycythemia Vera (PV) helps to determine the severity of the disease phenotype, the risk of thrombotic events, progression to post-PV myelofibrosis and survival. Amplification Refractory Mutation Screening (ARMS) PCR or Allele Specific (AS) PCR is a simple easy method with a reasonable sensitivity for screening of zygosity.The purpose of this study was to see the frequency of disease burden and phenotypic characteristics in Pakistani patients diagnosed with JAK2V617F mutation positive PV. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using non probability consecutive sampling was conducted at Hematology Department, Liaquat National Hospital Karachi from October 2018 to July 2019.Adult newly diagnosed JAK2V617F positive PV patients of either gender were included. Patients’ demographics, clinical characteristics and baseline CBC were noted. JAK2V617F zygosity was qualitatively analyzed by ARMS-PCR technique. Age and gender were stratified to see to see the result of qualitative and quantitative effect modifiers on these patients using Chi Square and fisher exact test as appropriate while mean comparison was done by independent t-test and one way ANOVAtest. P value of ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Fifty one patients were included in the study with an average age of 59.60±14.29years.90.2% of patients had hypertension.All patients tested positive for heterozygous state. Significant association of gender was found with smoking (p=0.001) while age was significantly linked with hypertension (p-0.033). Conclusion: JAK2V617F positive PV patients are mainly heterozygous males showing significant association with smoking and hypertension. ARMS-PCR is a robust technique to determine zygosity which can be used for screening purposes.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Impact of Fas/Fasl Gene Polymorphisms on Susceptibility Risk and Imatinib Mesylate Treatment Response in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Patients5655718948910.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.565ENAziati AzwariAnnuarHuman Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.RavindranAnkathilHuman Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.0000-0003-3080-415XNazihahMohd YunusHuman Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.AzlanHusinDepartment of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan Malaysia.0000-0003-0899-0443Nur ShafawatiAb RajabHuman Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.Ahmad AizatAbdul AzizHuman Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.0000-0002-9822-2001Mohd IsmailIbrahimDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.0000-0002-5470-4180SarinaSulongHuman Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.0000-0001-5369-2707Journal Article20200513Background: The FAS mediated apoptosis pathway involving the FAS and FASL genes plays a crucial role in the regulation of apoptotic cell death and imatinib mesylate (IM) mechanism of action. Promoter polymorphisms FAS-670 A>G and FAS-844 T>C which alter the transcriptional activity of these genes may grant a risk to develop cancer and revamp the drug activities towards the cancer cell. We investigated the association of these two polymorphisms with the susceptibility risk and IM treatment response in Malaysian chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study, which included 93 CML patients and 98 controls. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to genotype the FAS and FASL polymorphisms. Data nanlysis was done using SPSS Version 22. The associations of the genotypes with susceptibility risk and IM response in CML patients were assessed by means of logistic regression analysis and deriving odds ratio with 95% CI. Results: We observed a significant association between FASL-844T>C polymorphism and CML susceptibility risk and IM response. Variant C allele and FASL-844 CC variant genotype carriers had significantly higher risk for CML susceptibility (OR 1.756, CI 1.163-2.652, p=0.007 and OR 2.261, CI 1.013-5.047, p=0.047 respectively). Conversely, the heterozygous genotype FASL-844 TC conferred lower risk for CML susceptibility (OR 0.379, CI 0.176-0.816, p=0.013). The heterozygous and homozygous variant genotypes and variant C alleles were found to confer a lower risk for the development of IM resistance with OR 0.129 (95% CI: 0.034-0.489 p=0.003), OR 0.257 (95% CI: 0.081-0.818, p=0.021), and OR 0.486 (95% CI: 0.262-0.899, p=0.021) respectively. We also found that FAS-670 A>G polymorphism was not associated with CML susceptibility risk or IM response. Conclusion: The genetic polymorphism FASL-844 T>C may contribute to the CML susceptibility risk and also IM treatment response in CML patients. Accodringly, it may be useful as a biomarker for predicting CML susceptibility risk and IM resistance.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Underexpression of miR-126-3p in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma5735798949010.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.573ENLucasPoleto SpinolaDepartment of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil.0000000203344146GabrielF VieiraDepartment of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil.RafaelFernandes FerreiraSchool of Medical
Sciences of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.0000-0001-5250-6212Maria C JCalastriDepartment of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil.0000-0003-4413-8207GracieleD TenaniDepartment of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil.0000-0003-3341-9193Franciana LAguiarDepartment of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil.Ilka FSantana Ferreira BoinSchool of Medical
Sciences of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.0000-0002-1165-2149LarissaB E Da CostaSchool of Medical
Sciences of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.Maria FernandaChaim CorreiaSchool of Medical
Sciences of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.0000-0002-0872-7787Eliane MZanoveloBase Hospital (HB), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo,
Brazil.Daniele CB De SouzaBase Hospital (HB), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo,
Brazil.Rita CMartins Alves Da SilvaBase Hospital (HB), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo,
Brazil.0000-0001-6302-0939RenatoFerreira Da SilvaBase Hospital (HB), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo,
Brazil.Ana MargaridaCoelho AbrantesMedical School of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.0000-0002-1864-132XMaria FilomenaR R BotelhoMedical School of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.0000-0001-7202-1650Jose GuilhermeL R TralhãoMedical School of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.0000-0002-5641-6975DoroteiaR S SouzaDepartment of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil.0000000186012325Journal Article20201029Objectives: To evaluate the expression of miR-126-3p and its potential as a biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and to better understand the prognosis, comorbidities, and lifestyle habits associated with the disease. Methods: Fifty-nine individuals were distributed into either the study group (38 CCA patients) or the control group (21 individuals without liver diseases). Total RNA was extracted, cDNA synthesis was performed, and miR-126-3p expression was assessed using real-time PCR. For statistical analysis, alpha error was set at 5%. Results: MiR-126-3p was found to be underexpressed in the study group relative to the controls (0.42; P=0.001). Additionally, marked underexpression was found in the study group in when associated with smoking (0.28; P=0.0001), alcoholism (0.19; P=0.0001), hypertension (0.29; P=000.1), and diabetes (0.12; P=0.0003) relative to the controls. No association was found between miR-126-3p expression and tumor subtypes (iCCA=0.42; pCCA=0.45; dCCA=0.72; P=0.9155). A total of 67% of dCCA patients were event-free at 16 months of follow up, while both pCCA and iCCA exhibited event-free survival rates of 25%, though there was no significant difference between these subgroups (P=0.273). Conclusion: The underexpression of mir-126-3p is associated with cholangiocarcinoma and can be potentiated by alcoholism, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, the latter of which is an independent risk factor for this cancer. Furthermore, dCCA patients exhibit higher survival rates relative to patients with pCCA and iCCA.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201The Life Quality and Sexual Function of Women Underwent Radical Hysterectomy5815898949110.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.581ENRozaPakKazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology. Almaty, Kazakhstan.https://orcid.org/00TolkynSadykovaS.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University,
Almaty, Kazakhstan.DilyaraKaidarovaKazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology. Almaty, Kazakhstan.MuratGultekinDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynaecological Oncology, Hacettepe, University
Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.GulnaraKasimovaKazakhstan’s School of Public Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan.ShynarTanabayevaS.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University,
Almaty, Kazakhstan.NayliaUssebayevaKazakh Medical University of
Continuing Education, Almaty, Kazakhstan.AigulTazhiyevaS.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University,
Almaty, Kazakhstan.MaksutSenbekovS.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University,
Almaty, Kazakhstan.IldarFakhradiyevS.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University,
Almaty, Kazakhstan.https://orcid.org/00Journal Article20200709Background: Up to date, there no studies were conducted on the quality of life (QL) and sexual function (SF) of women from Kazakhstan treated for cervical cancer. The study was aimed at the assessment of the QL and SF of women of the Kazakh population who underwent radical hysterectomy compared with chemo-radiotherapy group. Methods: The study was conducted prospectively on 157 women of the Kazakh population. 92 women underwent radical hysterectomy (RH) and 65 underwent chemo-radiotherapy (CRT). The information was collected before treatment (T1), 6 months (T2) and 12 months (T3) after treatment. Results: The women’s average age was 41.12 ± 5.4 in the RH group and 47.24 ± 6.1 in the CRT group (p = 0.2). We did not detect significant differences between both groups according to the QLQ C-30 questionnaire (T1). The differences between the RH and CRT groups (p≤0,05) were observed in terms of physical functioning, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain during the T2 period. High rates of emotional functioning (p = 0.03), global health and QL (p = 0.02), and symptoms of fatigue (p = 0.04) were detected in the RH group compared to the CRT group during T3. However, pain symptoms (p = 0.001), nausea and vomiting and loss of appetite (p = 0.03) were dominated the CRT group. According to the results of FSFI-6 in the RH group, indicators for the domains “desire” (p = 0.02), “excitement” (p = 0.03), and “orgasm” (p = 0.05) were high, unlike in the CRT group during the T3 period. Nevertheless, the number of complains on the ‘pain during intercourse’ in the CRT group was higher than in the RH group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Women who underwent RH had better health scores, global health status, and SF compared with patients treated with CRT.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201The Frequency of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations in Iraqi patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)5915968949210.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.591ENHanan HRamadhanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah , Basrah, Iraq.0000-0002-9945-2028Dhuha FTaabanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah , Basrah, Iraq.Jubran K.HassanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah , Basrah, Iraq.0000-0003-0813-5260Journal Article20200829Objective: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Carcinogenesis could be caused by numerous genetic mutations, one of the most common is the mutation in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) which was used in the advanced stages of the disease as a therapeutic goal. This study aims to estimate the frequency of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor mutations in Iraqi patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Methods: One hundred thirty-eight patients confirmed with NSCLC have participated in this study, patients were sent for EGFR testing by different oncology centers in Iraq. Data and samples were collected. The Mutation was detected using COBAS® DNA Sample Preparation Kit that designed to detect the following mutations: Exon 19: deletions and complex mutations; Exon 21: L861Q and L858R; Exon 18 mutation: G719X (G719A, G719C, and G719S); Exon 20: S768I, T790M, and insertions, this kit utilizes the technology of the real time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: This study was included 79 males and 59 females, with a mean age of 60.1±12.4 years. A positive EGFR mutations were found in 38 (27.53%) of samples. Exon 19 deletions (25/38, 65.8%) and substitution L858R in exon 21 10/38 (26.3%) were the most common mutations. Multiple mutations (Exon 20 and 19 combined together) were founded in 2/38 (5.3%), and 1/38 (2.6%) ALK mutation. Non-significant differences among age groups and gender in the incidence of mutations were found. Conclusion: The current study represents the first epidemiological study in Iraq to find EGFR mutations frequency among NSCLC patients that reveals the incidence rate of 27.53%, which is between the higher prevalence rate in Asian populations and lower rates in western countries. These results explain the genetic differences of NSCLC in the world due to ethnic differences of the population, more studies are needed in Arab countries to study the EGFR mutations, find the effect of ethnicity and environmental factors for lung cancer, and the subsequent therapy.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822219991130Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Asymptomatic Individuals in Kazakhstan5976028949310.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.597ENLindaMežmaleInstitute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.0000-0001-7765-852XInesePolakaInstitute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.DaceRudziteInstitute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.ReinisVangravsInstitute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.IlzeKikusteInstitute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.Digestive Disease Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia.SergeiParshutinInstitute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.IlvaDauguleInstitute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.AltynbekTazhedinovRegional Diagnostic Centre, Almaty, Kazakhstan.TatyanaBelikhinaSemey Regional Oncology Centre, Semey, Kazakhstan.http://orcid.org/000NurbekIgissinovAstana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.Eurasian Institute For Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.0000-0002-2517-6315Jin YoungParkPrevention and Implementation Group, Section of Early Detection and Prevention, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.RolandoHerreroPrevention and Implementation Group, Section of Early Detection and Prevention, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas, San José, Costa Rica.MarcisLejaInstitute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.Digestive Disease Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia.0000-0002-0319-8855Journal Article19991130Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with several risk factors such as demographic, socioeconomic status and personal habits, which vary in different populations. This is the most up-to-date data on H. pylori prevalence and potential risk factors for H. pylori infection among asymptomatic middle-aged individuals in Kazakhstan. Methods: Apparently healthy individuals aged 40 to 64, who took part in the health control in the outpatient clinic, were invited to participate in the study; answered a questionnaire, donated a blood sample. The antibodies to H. pylori were analysed by latex agglutination method. The baseline characteristics of study subjects with or without H. pylori infection were compared using the Chi-square test. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between H. pylori infection and potential risk factors were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Altogether 166 subjects (59% male; the median age - 51 years old) were included; 104 (62.7%) were H. pylori positive. There were no statistically significant differences between H. pylori positive and H. pylori negative groups in respect to the gender, anthropometric measurements, socioeconomic factors and personal habits. The multiple variable analysis showed that age (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.03 – 3.86; P=0.04) and increased salt intake (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.12 – 4.35; P=0.02) were associated with H. pylori infection. Conclusions: More than half of the study subjects were infected with H. pylori in KazakhstWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Daidzein Induces Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis along with ER α/β Ratio Alteration and ROS Production6036108949410.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.603ENVinodKumarDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.VINOD.JNU@GMAIL.COMShyam SChauhanDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.Journal Article20201123Background: Low risk of breast cancer is observed among females consuming a moderate quantity of soy throughout their life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anticancer potential of Daidzein, one of the major Isoflavones in soy using Human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Methods: MCF-7 were subjected to various doses of Daidzein treatment to determine the IC50 value. Onset of apoptosis was ascertained by AnnexinV assay and caspase 3/7 activity post treatment. Expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 was also assessed to further confirm apoptotic mode of cell death. ROS production post treatment with Daidzein was assessed to ascertain the apoptosis via intrinsic pathway. Expression of ER α and ER β was evaluated by western blot analysis. Results: Human breast cancer cells MCF-7 were found to be sensitive to Daidzein treatment, with an IC50 value of 50µM. Increased percentage of treated cells stained with Annexin V confirmed apoptosis mediated cell death. Activity of Caspase 3/7 activity was found to be 1.4-fold higher in Daidzein treated cells than control cells, confirming apoptosis. Daidzein caused over expression of Bax and down-regulated expression of Bcl2. There has been an outburst of ROS in Daidzein treated cells indicating that Daidzein induces apoptosis via intrinsic pathway. A decrease in the expression of ER α and increase in levels of ER β has been observed which are conducive indicator of apoptosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study suggests that Daidzein induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by mitochondrial pathway along with lowering the ratio of ER α/β and an outburst of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS).West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201The Effect of Metformin on Survival Outcomes of Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients with Type 2 Diabetes6116168949510.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.611ENBitaBehrouziGeisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.MohammadZokaasadiHematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research
Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Mohammad AliMohagheghiThe Cancer Research Center of the Cancer Institute, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Amir HoseinEmamiDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SanambarSadighiDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20201203Background: There are still inconsistencies about the role of metformin on breast cancer. This study was designed to assess metformin’s effect on the prognosis of female breast cancer patients with type II diabetes. Methods: The present research was carried out as a retrospective cohort study between 2003 and 2014. Breast cancer patients with pre-existing type II diabetes mellitus were included. Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were measured as the main endpoints. Kaplan-Meier estimate was used to calculate survival rates. Results: 217 patients were included with a mean age of 53.32±11.10 years. 148 (68.2%) patients were prescribed metformin and 69 (31.8%) took other antidiabetic drugs (non-metformin group). Five-year OS and RFS rates for all patients were 82.5% (95% CI: 76.0%-87.4%) and 71.1% (95% CI: 64.2%-77.0%) respectively. Log-rank test showed that the metformin group had a significant advantage over the non-metformin group in terms of both OS and RFS rates (p West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Strong Correlation of MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms with Breast Cancer and its Prognostic Clinical Factors among Egyptian Females6176268949610.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.617ENMoataza HOmranDepartment of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0002-2140-9206Basma EFotouhDepartment of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0002-8801-2895Wafaa GShoushaDepartment
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0002-7801-9233AbeerIsmailDepartment of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National
Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.0000-0002-6487-1089Noha EIbrahimDepartment of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0002-7176-4687Shimaa SRamadanDepartment
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0002-6342-8608Journal Article20201204Introduction: Globally, Breast cancer (BC) is considered the second most common type of cancer and the principal cause of death among affected women. Aim: In this study, we targeted to demonstrate the association of MTHFR single gene polymorphisms (SNPs) with the susceptibility of breast cancer, in addition to its correlation with the clinical patient features. Patients and Methods: This work was conducted on 100 Egyptian females with breast cancer and 60 healthy matched controls. Clinical examinations and pathological investigations were recorded. Genotyping of MTHFR polymorphisms C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) by using Restriction Fragment length Polymorphisms (RFLP) and Sequencing assays were performed. Univariate, Multivariate and Haplotype analysis for the allelic frequencies and the association with clinicopathological features of BC were assessed. Results: The present data showed a strong significant association between the CT and TT of MTHFR (C677T), and AC and CC of (A1289C) with the susceptibility of BC showing highly statistical P- value (0.001). It was also demonstrated that the most frequent haplotype of the two loci of MTHFR (rs1801133-rs1801131) was TC. The latter was strongly associated with the aggressive clinical features of each of tumor size, advanced stage, involvement of cancer in lymph nodes, overexpression of HER2neu and dual negativity of both ER and PR hormones. Conclusions: SNPs within the MTHFR gene (C677T) and (A1289C) have strong correlation with BC among Egyptian females; These SNPs should be considered as important prognostic markers for identifying the individuals at high risk of developing BC and its progression.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201The Effective Control of Hyperuricemia in Cancer Patients: A New Recombinant Conjugated Variant of Urate Oxidase6276328949710.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.627ENAbbasNajjariEnzyme Technology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Genetic and Metabolism Research Group,Pasteur Institute of Iran,
Tehran, Iran.HamidShahbazmohammadiEnzyme Technology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Genetic and Metabolism Research Group,Pasteur Institute of Iran,
Tehran, Iran.EskandarOmidiniaEnzyme Technology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Genetic and Metabolism Research Group,Pasteur Institute of Iran,
Tehran, Iran.Abolfazl MMovafaghDepartment Medical Genetic, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20201123Objective: Management of hyperuricemia is crucial to controlling tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) during cancer therapy. Urate oxidase (UOX) that catalyzes the enzymatic oxidation of uric acid into allantoin, is effective in lowering plasma uric acid levels and controlling hyperuricemia. Recently, we developed a new recombinant conjugate variant of UOX therapeutic drug using PASylation technology. This study was designed to evaluate the stability, plasma half-life and immunogencity of PASylated UOX. Methods: A recombinant variant of PASylated UOX from the Aspergillus flavus was manufactured using bioinformatics and experimental techniques. Ex vivo evaluation of stability of PASylated UOX was done in 50% human serum. For half-life test, recombinant PASylated UOX and rasburicase were administered at 1.5 mg/kg to 10 rats in two different groups and samples were collected after injection Production of antibodies against PASylated drug was also assayed. Results: Residual activity of PASylated UOX in 50% human serum was higher than rasburicase and native UOX. Stability of PASylated UOX at 25°C and 37°C was also higher than rasburicase and native UOX. The PASylated half-life was ~32.1 hours, whereas half-life for rasburicase and native UOX was ~25.1 and ~22.8 hours, respectively. In immunogenicity examination, there is 33% and 36% decrease in the absorbance of native UOX and rasburicase, respectively when compared with that of PASylated UOX. Conclusion: Our data confirmed the efficacy and stability of PASylated UOX in comparison to the rasburicase. In summary, the results indicated that PASylated UOX drug is effective at lowering plasma uric acid levels with prolonged plasma half-life and decreased cost.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822220210201Analysis of the Immunoexpression of Opioid Receptors and their Correlation with Markers of Angiogenesis, Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer6336408949810.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.633ENAlceu MachadoDe SousaDepartment of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.Thinali SousaDantasDivision of Oral Pathology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.0000-0003-2543-3315Paulo Goberlânio DeBarros SilvaDivision of Oral Pathology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.0000-0002-1513-9027Conceição Da SilvaMartinsDepartment of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.Gildenio EstevamFreireDepartment of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.Howard Lopes RibeiroJuniorDepartment of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.Gerly Anne De CastroBritoDepartment of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.Karuza Maria AlvesPereiraDepartment of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.0000-0002-2880-6466Renata Ferreira De CarvalhoLeitãoDepartment of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.Journal Article20200915Objective: Breast cancer is a disease of great concern. The prognosis of this tumor is related to its staging. Opioids are widely used to minimize pain in oncology clinics; however, the relationship between the administration of opioids and their effects on tumor cells has yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the immunoexpression of mu- (μ) and kappa- (κ) opioid receptors and their correlation with markers of angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in biopsies of breast tumors. Methods: Demographic data, tumor characteristics, opioid use, and prognostic factors were collected from medical records. After the selection of the excisional biopsies, immunohistochemistry was performed for μ- and κ-opioid receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Ki-67, and TUNEL. Results: A significant predominance of Ki-67 and μ-opioid receptor immunoexpression in the lymph nodes was observed in patients administered opioid medications. The luminal A subtype showed higher apoptosis levels (TUNEL) compared to the luminal B subtype. Patients with T4 tumor who had recurrence demonstrated a reduced expression of κ-opioid receptors at the lymph node location. Correlation analyses between the μ and κ opioid markers, VEGF, Ki-67, and TUNEL showed that these findings are likely involved in the same mechanisms the cancer of T4 stage breast cancer.Conclusion: The κ-opioid receptor has a lower immunoexpression in nodal tumor metastasis with recurrence, whereas the μ-opioid receptor is directly related to expression of TUNEL-positive cells in tumors and indirectly to Ki-67 in nodal metastasis. Neither of the two receptors was expressed in the primary tumor or nodal metastasis in relation to VEGF.