West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Person-to-Person Cancer Transmission via Allogenic Blood Transfusion6416498949910.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.641ENEugenMolodyskySydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.RossGrantSydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.School of Medical Sciences, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia.Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, Sydney Australia.Journal Article20200803Despite the recognized capability of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) to seed tumors, allogenic blood transfusions are not presently screened for the presence of CTCs. Previous research has examined blood transfusions and the associated risk of cancer recurrence, but not cancer of unknown primary (CUP) occurrence. The Hypothesis explored in this paper proposes that there is potential for cancers to be transmitted from donor-to-patient via CTCs in either blood transfusions or organ transplants or both. This proposed haematogenic tumor transmission will be discussed in relation to two scenarios involving the introduction of donor-derived CTC’s from allogeneic blood transfusions into either known cancer surgery patients or into non-cancer patients. The source of CTCs arises either from the donor with a ‘clinically dormant cancer’ or a ‘pre-clinical cancer’ existing as yet undiagnosed, in the donor. Given the significant number of allogenic blood transfusions that occur worldwide on a yearly basis, allogenic blood transfusions have the potential to expose a substantial number of non-cancer recipients to the transmission of CTCs and associated tumor risk. This risk is greatly amplified in the low-income nations where the blood collection and processing protocols, including exclusion and screening criteria are less stringent than those in high-income countries.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Selective or Routine Histology of Cholecystectomy Specimens for Diagnosing Incidental Carcinoma of Gallbladder and Correlation with Careful Intraoperative Macroscopic Examination? A Systematic Review6516598950010.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.651ENShujaatKhanDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, Dawadmi, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia.0000-0001-9562-7743Mohammad AzharRashikhDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dawadmi, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia.0000-0002-0861-0044Khalil UrRehmanDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dawadmi, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia.0000-0003-2516-6982HinannaBerjisDepartment of Anesthesiology, Ministry of Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.0000-0003-1213-7779Journal Article20201028Background: Selective or Routine histology of cholecystectomy specimens for benign gallbladder disease has always been a matter of debate because of the low prevalence and bad prognosis associated with gall bladder carcinoma. The objective of this study is to ascertain whether selective histology can be preferred over Routine histology without any harm. Methods: This systematic review is conducted according to PRISMA’s checklist; relevant articles were searched in the database until September 1 2020 in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases, manually, with search queries and without date restrictions. Studies included in this systematic review involved patients who underwent cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease and were diagnosed with gallbladder carcinoma incidentally either after selective or routine histology of the gallbladder. Results: A total of 24 routine or selective histology recommending studies were selected for the systematic review after following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies comprised 77,213 numbers of patients and 486 numbers of Malignancies. These studies correlate the number of IGBC diagnosed histologically with the number of IGBC’s that were suspected by the surgeons intraoperative by macroscopy. Routine recommending studies show a significant number of IGBC diagnosed histologically as missed by surgeons whereas the selective recommending studies show most of the histologically diagnosed IGBC already suspected by the surgeons intraoperative. When comparing the macroscopic details of the IGBC’s between routine and selective studies, we found that there was significant overlap. Most of the findings missed by the surgeons as suspicious in routine studies were suspected by the surgeons involved in selective histology recommending studies. Thereby, favouring selective histology and emphasizing the need for careful intraoperative macroscopy for suspecting IGBC. Conclusion: Selective Histological examination of cholecystectomy specimens can be preferred if a careful intraoperative macroscopic examination is done and patient risk factors are taken into consideration.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Opium Usage and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis6616708950110.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.661ENGarimaSinghAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.0000-0003-1594-0321AbhishekJaiswalAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India.0000-0002-1289-5425Akhil DGoelAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.PankajaRaghavAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.0000-0002-4076-2769Journal Article20201121Introduction: Opium is among the most used substance of abuse worldwide. More than 50 million opium users are there worldwide, majority of whom are in Asia. Opium usage have been reported to be associated with cancer. This study aimed to find the association between opium use or abuse and head and neck cancer. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar database for studies published from inception till 1st November 2019. Two authors independently reviewed the studies, did quality assessment, and extracted data in standardized data extraction form. Pooled estimate of OR for risk of head and neck cancer was calculated using random effects model using the method of DerSimonian and Laird, with the estimate of heterogeneity being taken from the inverse-variance model. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020156049). Results: Fourteen studies were included in data synthesis (11 case control studies and 3 cohort studies). Eleven case control studies were included in synthesizing the results for meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratio for risk of cancer among opium users for the 11-case control study was 3.85 (2.18-6.79). Heterogeneity was high (I-squared=92.0%, Tau-squared=0.88). There was no publication bias in the study. Subgroup analysis showed highest OR for pooled estimate for risk of laryngeal cancer (19.98 (11.04-36.15)). Conclusion: There was almost four-fold rise in risk of head and neck cancer among opium users compared to non-users.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Out-of-Pocket, Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Distress Financing on Non-Communicable Diseases in India: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis6716808950210.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.671ENAnushikhaDhankharDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.0000000298568774RanjeetaKumariDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.0000-0002-5242-2198Yogesh ABahurupiDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.Journal Article20201123Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to determine pooled estimates of out-of-pocket (OOPE) and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), correlates of CHE, and most common modes of distress financing on the treatment of selected non-communicable disease (cancer) among adults in India. Methods: PubMed, Scopus and Embase were searched for eligible studies using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was extracted and pooled estimates using random effects model of meta-analysis were determined for different types of costs. Forest plots were created and heterogeneity among studies was checked. Results: The pooled estimate of direct OOPE on inpatient and outpatient cancer care were 83396.07 INR (4405.96 USD) (95% CI = 44591.05-122202.0) and 2653.12 (140.17 USD) INR (95% CI = -251.28-5557.53), respectively, total direct OOPE was 47138.95 INR (2490.43 USD) (95% CI = 37589.43-56690.74), indirect OOPE was 11908.50 INR (629.15 USD) (95% CI=-5909.33-29726.31) and proportion of individuals facing CHE was 62.7%. However, high heterogeneity was observed among the studies. Savings, income, borrowing money and sale of assets were the most common modes of distress financing for cancer treatment. Conclusion: Income- and treatment-related cancer policies are needed to address the evidently high and unaffordable cancer treatment cost. Economic studies are needed for estimating all types of costs using standardised definitions and tools for precise estimates. Robust cancer database/registries and programs focusing on affordable cancer care can reduce the economic burden and prevent impoverishment.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301The Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Care in the Post Pandemic World: Five Major Lessons Learnt from Challenges and Countermeasures of Major Asian Cancer Centres6816908950310.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.681ENLaurelineGatellierNational Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.0000-0002-0331-3235AbhishekShankarLady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals, Delhi, India.0000-0001-6491-0079Luh K MelaDewiDharmais Hospital -
National Cancer Center, Jakarta, Indonesia.Quazi MushtaqHussainNational Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.TashiDendup WangdiJDWNR Hospital
Thimphu University of Medical Sciences, Bhutan.Dato BabuSukumaranThe Brunei Cancer Centre, Brunei Darussalam.Nina KemalaSariDharmais Hospital -
National Cancer Center, Jakarta, Indonesia.SaharTavakkoli ShirajiHematology, Oncology and Bone
Marrow transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science,Tehran, Iran.MohammadBiglariHematology, Oncology and Bone
Marrow transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science,Tehran, Iran.MamakTahmasebiCancer Institute, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SatoshiIwataNational Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.TatsuyaSuzukiNational Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.Seung-KwonMyungNational Cancer Center of Korea, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.June YoungChunNational Cancer Center of Korea, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.Jong SooHanNational Cancer Center of Korea, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.Fen NeeLauNational
Cancer Institute, Putrajaya, Malaysia.SuhanaYusakNational
Cancer Institute, Putrajaya, Malaysia.LuvsandorjBayarsaikhanNational Cancer Center of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.Khin ThinMuMyanmar Yangon General
Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar.Kishore KPradhanangaKathmandu Cancer Center, Bhaktapur, Nepal.AasimYusufShaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research
Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.0000-0003-1943-2746Ching-HungLinNational Taiwan University Cancer Center Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.Ruru Chun-JuChiangTaiwan Cancer Registry, and
Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.SuleepornSangrajranNational
Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand.Quang TienNguyenNational Cancer Institute, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.Giang NguyenHuongNational Cancer Institute, National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.Aung NaingSoeCity Cancer Challenge
Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland.D NSharmaDr BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital & National Cancer Institute, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.ManjuSengarTata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.C SPrameshTata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.TomohiroMatsudaNational Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.Alireza MosaviJarrahiMedical School,
Shahid Behshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-8043-9221WilliamHwangNational Cancer Centre, Singapore.0000-0003-0143-6263Journal Article20210224Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected healthcare services around Asia. The Asian National Cancer Centres Alliance and the Asia-Pacific Organisation for Cancer Prevention collaborated to assess the mid- and long- term impact of COVID-19 to cancer care in Asia. Methods: The two entities organised a combined symposium and post-meeting interactions among representatives of major cancer centres from seventeen Asian countries to outlining major challenges and countermeasures. Results: Participating stakeholders distilled five big questions. 1) “Will there be an explosion of late-stage cancers after the pandemic?” To address and recover from perceived delayed prevention, screening, treatment and care challenges, collaboration of key stakeholders in the region and alignment in cancer care management, policy intervention and cancer registry initiatives would be of essential value. 2) “Operations and Finance” The pandemic has resulted in significant material and financial casualties. Flagged acute challenges (shortages of supplies, imposition of lockdown) as well as longer-standing reduction of financial revenue, manpower, international collaboration, and training should also be addressed. 3) “Will telemedicine and technological innovations revolutionize cancer care?” Deploying and implementing telemedicine such as teleconsultation and virtual tumour boards were considered invaluable. These innovations could become a new regular practice, leading to expansion of tele-collaboration through collaboration of institutions in the region. 4) “Will virtual conferences continue after the pandemic?” Virtual conferences during the pandemic have opened new doors for knowledge sharing, especially for representatives of low- and middle-income countries in the region, while saving time and costs of travel. 5) “How do we prepare for the next pandemic or international emergency?” Roadmaps for action to improve access to appropriate patient care and research were identified and scrutinised. Conclusion: Through addressing these five big questions, focused collaboration among members and with international organisations such as City Cancer Challenge will allow enhanced preparedness for future international emergencies.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Seizure in Indonesian Glioma Patients: Associated Risk Factors and Impact on Survival6916978950410.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.691ENRahmat AndiHartantoDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Ery KusDwianingsihDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health,
and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.https://orcid.org/00Andre StefanusPanggabeanNeurology Department, Faculty
of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Adiguno SuryoWicaksonoDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0003-0229-3524KusumoDananjoyoNeurology Department, Faculty
of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.AhmadAsmediNeurology Department, Faculty
of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Rusdy GhazaliMaluekaNeurology Department, Faculty
of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.https://orcid.org/00Journal Article20200305Objective: Seizure is commonly found in patients with glioma. This study aimed to find risk factors for seizures in Indonesian patients with glioma. We also sought to determine the association between seizure and survival in this patient population. Methods: Patients with glioma were enrolled from the Dr. Sardjito General Hospital and other hospitals in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Detailed demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to detect IDH1 mutation. Tumor tissue samples were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and classified according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Expression of Ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Survival data were also collected. Results: In total, 107 patients were included in the analysis. Age, gender, history of smoking, tumor side, tumor grade, Ki-67 expression, and IDH1 mutation were not associated with seizure. Tumors involving the frontal lobe (p=0.037) and oligodendroglioma histology (p=0.031) were associated with the development of seizures in this study. However, multivariate analysis showed that only oligodendrogial histology was associated with seizure [p=0.032, odds ratio (OR) = 4.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.146-19.822]. Patients with seizures have significantly longer median overall survival than patients without seizures (69.3±25.01 vs. 10.6±6.14 months, respectively, p=0.04). Conclusion: This study showed that seizure in patients with glioma in Indonesia is associated with frontal lobe location and oligodendroglioma histology. Patients with seizures also have significantly longer overall survival. <br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Experience of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Project in a Community Set Up-An Indian Study6997048950510.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.699ENRanajitMandalDepartment of Gynaecological Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026, West
Bengal, India.DipanwitaBanerjeeDepartment of Gynaecological Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026, West
Bengal, India.KrishnenduGuptaDepartment of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Vivekananda Institution of Medical Sciences, 99 Sarat Bose Road,
Kolkata-26, India.PujaChatterjeeDepartment of Gynaecological Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026, West
Bengal, India.0000-0002-5898-3519ManishaVernekarDepartment of Gynaecological Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S P Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026, West
Bengal, India.ChandrimaRayDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Vibhuti Khand, Gomti
Nagar, Lucknow, 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India.Journal Article20200505Background: Initial introduction of HPV vaccination from 2006 to 2008 was largely confined to high-income countries (HIC), such as Australia, the United States, and Europe, where cervical cancer incidence is lowest. Much of the post-introduction literature has come from HICs, with a focus on coverage levels achieved, provider acceptability and early impact of vaccination on disease endpoints. However, there are a few literature evaluating the mechanics of delivery, feasibility of the health system and acceptability from low and middle income countries (LMICs). The primary objective was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and safety of two dose HPV vaccination in adolescent girls between 9-14 years. Methods: After an orientation camp followed by filling up of prevaccine questionnaires by parents on HPV related diseases and its vaccines and informed consent, girls between9-14years were vaccinated. They were asked to report any side effects in the next 24 hours after each dose. Parents were contacted on Day 7 and Day 30 to enquire about any side effects . Total 3 visits were required i.e two for the vaccination and one visit at 7th month post completion of second dose. To estimate the acceptability, successful completion of two doses by at least 80% of the girls were measured. For measurement of acceptability, either of the parents were recalled along with their daughter at 7th month and were asked to fill up a pre-set questionnaire. Results: After institutional ethical clearance, 555 girls were recruited in the study from rural parts of West Bengal, India between July, 2017 to November, 2017. Out of which, 544 girls (98%) received their 2nd dose between January, 2018 and May, 2018 without any serious adverse effects. No serious adverse effect was reported on follow up till December, 2019. Conclusion: The introduction of HPV vaccination is feasible in large scale and the vaccine is well accepted and safe.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Efficacy of Exercise Rehabilitation Program in Relieving Oxaliplatin Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity7057098950610.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.705ENQiGuiDepartments of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of
China.DapengLiDepartments of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of
China.YanZhugeDepartments of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of
China.ChengchengXuDepartments of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People’s
Republic of China.Journal Article20200517Background: Peripheral neurotoxicity is common in patients with digestive malignancies receiving chemotherapy containing oxaliplatin, and there is still no effective drug to prevent or treat this complication. Methods: Seventy-nine patients receiving chemotherapy containing oxaliplatin were included, and the relationship between chemotherapy regimens, cycles, and cumulative dose of oxaliplatin and peripheral neurotoxicity was analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups of control or intervention. Twenty-eight patients in the control group received routine chemotherapy care, and 51 patients in the intervention group underwent two-week exercise rehabilitation program. Patients’ Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group – Neurotoxicity (FACT/GOG-Ntx), functional tests, and Brief Pain Inventory(BPI) scores as well as interference life scores were assessed before intervention and two weeks after the intervention. Results: In the intervention group, 52.9% patients previously exercised regularly. The FOLFOX regimen was more common in peripheral neurotoxicity (73.4%), and the median oxaliplatin cycles for neurotoxicity was 9 (ranging from 1 to 16). The mean cumulative dose of oxaliplatin was 1080.02 ± 185.22 mg, both the cycles and cumulative dose were positively correlated with the occurrence of peripheral neurotoxicity. Compared with control, the scores of FACT/GOG-Ntx, functional tests, and BPI were significantly decreased in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Chemotherapy cycles and cumulative doses were in relation with OIN , and exercise rehabilitation program could effectively alleviate OIN.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Comparison of Interventional Methods to Motivate and Change the Behavioural Stage of Smokers to Quit Smoking- A Hospital Based Randomised Controlled Trial7117178950710.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.711ENDipshikhaDasI.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Delhi‑ Meerut Road, Murad Nagar,Ghaziabad ‑ 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India.IpseetaMenonI.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Delhi‑ Meerut Road, Murad Nagar,Ghaziabad ‑ 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India.RituGuptaI.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Delhi‑ Meerut Road, Murad Nagar,Ghaziabad ‑ 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India.AnubhavSharmaI.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Delhi‑ Meerut Road, Murad Nagar,Ghaziabad ‑ 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India.IramAhsanI.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Delhi‑ Meerut Road, Murad Nagar,Ghaziabad ‑ 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India.AsifaAshrafI.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Delhi‑ Meerut Road, Murad Nagar,Ghaziabad ‑ 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India.Journal Article20200728Objective: Addictions can be beaten if started off with a true motivation to quit it. Enhancing motivation is an important part of overall treatment for smoking cessation as it increases a smoker’s courage and enthusiasm to quit smoke. This study aimed to assess effectiveness of various interventional methods to motivate unmotivated smokers with a focus on changing behavioural stage of smokers to quit. Methodology: A single blinded trial was conducted at the outpatient department of ITS dental college and hospital among precontemplation stage smokers allocated into 4 groups and given interventional therapies like general counselling only(group 1), counselling and intra oral camera assessment (Group 2), counselling as well as carbon monoxide monitoring(Group 3)whereas fourth group(Group 4) given a combination therapy of all of them. A baseline evaluation of nicotine dependence and behavioural stage of the smoker was assessed. The patients were then evaluated on presence on their scheduled follow up visits done at interval of 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Descriptive statistics were addressed and the association was evaluated using Pearson chi square test. Any p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Majority of smokers were males(88% ) and about 48.8% of them were highly dependent smokers . The change in precontemplation behavioural stage was assessed on basis of follow up visits after interventional therapy which was significantly higher in group 4 receiving combination therapy, followed by carbon monoxide therapy ,counselling and intra oral camera assessment and the least visits in behaviour counselling group (p <0.05). Conclusion: A combination of counselling and other motivational aids therapy is best way possible to help smokers focusing a change on the behavioural stage of the patient from precontemplation to preparation stage.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Next Generation Sequencing-Based Germline Panel Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancers in Pakistan7197248950810.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.719ENHassanTariqDepartment of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.AsmaGulDepartment of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.TahirKhadimDepartment of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.HafeezUd-DinDepartment of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.Hamid NawazTipuDepartment of Immunology, Armed
Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.MuhammadAsifDepartment of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.RabiaAhmedDepartment of Histopathology, PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.Journal Article20200811Background: Pathogenic germline mutations in BRCA1/2 constitute the majority of hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancers worldwide. Incidence and mortality rate of breast and ovarian cancers in Pakistani women is high. Thus, to establish the diagnosis for targeted therapy in Pakistan, we conducted Next-generation sequencing-based germline testing for the detection of BRCA1/2 oncogenic variants associated with breast and ovarian cancer subtype. Methods: Peripheral blood of 24 women, diagnosed with breast and epithelial ovarian cancers, was taken from the recruited cases with the consent of performing germline genetic testing. DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood and subjected to indexed BRCA Panel libraries. Targeted NGS was performed for all coding regions and splicing sites of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes using AmpliSeq for Illumina BRCA Panel and Illumina MiSeq sequencer (placed at AFIP). Analysis of the sequencing results has been done by using Illumina bioinformatics tools. Results: We detected 421 variants having a quality score of 100 in all cases under study. The list of identified variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes was narrowed down after filtering out those which did not pass q30 and those with a minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.05 based on gnomAD browser. To classify these variants, clinical significance was predicted using external curated databases. As a result, we interpreted (n = 4) 16.7% pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and (n = 6) 25% variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in both genes. Descriptive statistics depicted that the age and BMI of BRCA positive cases are less than BRCA negative cases. Conclusion: Our findings exhibit an initial report for the NGS based cancer genetic testing in Pakistan. This will enable us to pursue screening and diagnosis of hereditary BRCA mutation utilizing the latest state-of-the-art technique locally available in Pakistan ultimately resulting in targeted cancer therapy.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301The Effect of Exercise on Life Quality and Depression Levels of Breast Cancer Patients7257328950910.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.725ENMensureAydinPhysical Education and Sport, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey.ElifKoseDepartment of Public Health, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.IlhanOdabasPhysical Education and Sport, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey.BergunMeric BingulFaculty of Sport Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.DenizDemirciFaculty of Health Sciences, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.ZekiAydinDarica Farabi Training and Research Hospital. Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli, Turkey.0000-0001-8389-8271Journal Article20200811Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of aerobic and stretching exercises on quality of life and depression levels of breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 48 women (mean age 45.0±2.2 years) who were previously diagnosed with breast cancer and completed their treatment with no metastasis, were included in the study. Of these, 24 women who received the exercise program were assigned as the study group, while the remaining 24 women who did not receive the exercise program were assigned as the control group. The study group received a 12-week aerobic exercise program at the fitness club and home-based resistance exercise program designed by a sport scientist at the doctoral level. The control group was encouraged to maintain their normal level of physical activity and exercise habits throughout the study. The WHOQOL-BREF, EORTC-QLQ-C30 quality of life assessments and Beck depression inventory (BDI) were used to evaluate quality of life and the severity of depression before and after 12-week exercise programs. Results: EORTC QLQ-C30 scoring showed that in the study group aerobic exercise positively impacted quality of life on the functional scales (physical p=0.001, role p=0.039, emotional p=0.031, social functioning p=0.010) and symptoms (fatigue p=0.001, pain p=0.001, sleep disturbance p=0.038 and financial impact p=0.015). WHOQOL-BREF assessment areas, (general p=0.001, physical p=0.02, mental p=0.001 and social health p=0.017) relationships also improved as a result of exercise. BDI showed that severity of depression in the study group decreased significantly (p=0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that aerobic and resistance exercises improved quality of life and decreased depression levels of women who previously received breast cancer treatments.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Gut Bacteria of Columbia livia Are a Potential Source of Anti-Tumour Molecules7337408951010.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.733ENMorhanavalleeSoopramanienDepartment of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.NaveedKhanDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.0000-0001-7667-8553Bibi Noorheen Haleema MooneerahNeerooaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.KuppusamySagathevanDepartment of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.RuqaiyyahSiddiquiCollege of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.Journal Article20200901Objectives: The overall aim was to determine whether gut bacteria of Columbia livia are a potential source of antitumour molecules. Methods: Faecal and gut microbiota of Columbia livia were isolated, identified and conditioned media were prepared containing metabolites. Growth inhibition, lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity and cell survival assays were accomplished against cervical cancer cells. Next, liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry was conducted to elucidate the molecules present. Results: A plethora of bacteria from faecal matter and gastrointestinal tract were isolated. Selected conditioned media exhibited potent anticancer effects and displayed cytotoxicity to cervical cancer cells at IC50 concentration of 10.65 and 15.19 µg/ml. Moreover, cells treated with conditioned media exhibited morphological changes, including cell shrinking and rounding; indicative of apoptosis, when compared to untreated cells. A total of 111 and 71 molecules were revealed from these gut and faecal metabolites. The identity of 60 molecules were revealed including, dihydroxymelphalan. Nonetheless, 122 molecules remain unidentified and are the subject of future studies. Conclusion: These findings suggest that gut bacteria of Columbia livia possess molecules, which may have anticancer activities. Further in silico testing and/or high throughput screening will determine potential anticancer properties of these molecules.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Evaluation of the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL) Expression in Osteosarcoma and Its Association with the Clinicopathological Data7417478951110.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.741ENHui HengChuaDepartment of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.Sharifah EmiliaTuan SharifDepartment of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.0000-0002-0343-4205Wan Faisham Nu’manWan IsmailHospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.Department of Orthopaedic, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.Muhamad Syahrul FitriZawawiDepartment of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.Department of Orthopaedic, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.0000-0001-8905-4782SarimahAbdullahUnit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaJournal Article20200912Background: The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is one of the key regulators of bone remodelling in bone oncology, including osteosarcoma. We assessed RANKL immunohistochemical expression in osteosarcoma, its association, and disease-free survival with the patients’ clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: One hundred osteosarcoma cases from 2003 to 2018 in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia were retrieved. The tissue samples were stained for RANKL, and the association with the clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated. Staining was interpreted in a semiquantitative scoring system and classified into negative and positive expressions. Results: Eighty-two cases had a positive expression of RANKL in which 56 and 26 patients were classified as low expression and high expression, respectively. The positive expression of RANKL did not show a significant association with clinicopathological characteristics. However, Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed a significant improvement in the disease-free survival patients who underwent limb salvage surgery (LSS) than amputated patients (p-value 0.002), whereas poorer survival was observed among conventional osteosarcomas compared to non-conventional osteosarcoma (p-value 0.01). Conclusion: Limb salvage surgery had proven to improve osteosarcoma patients’ survival compared to amputation, which could improve overall quality of life in osteosarcoma patients. However, our data did not show a significant association between positive RANKL immunohistochemistry with any of the clinicopathological characteristics and patients’ final survival. Further studies may be acquired to understand the suitability of using RANKL immunohistochemistry as prognostication in the management of osteosarcoma patients.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Distinctive Clinico-Pathological Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer in Sabahan Indigenous Populations7497558951210.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.749ENAnuradhaValanDepartment of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.Department of Surgery, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.FatimahNajidDepartment of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.PradeepChandranDepartment of Surgery, Duchess of Kent Hospital, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia.Azuwani BintiAbd RahimDepartment of Surgery, Tawau Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia.Jitt AunChuahDepartment of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.April CamillaRoslaniDepartment of Surgery, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.Journal Article20200917Background: Malaysia is an ethnically diverse nation, comprising Malay, Chinese, Indian and indigenous groups. However, epidemiological studies on colorectal cancer have mainly focused on the three main ethnic groups. There is evidence that the clinico-pathological characteristics of some cancers may differ in indigenous populations, namely that they occur earlier and behave more aggressively. We aimed to determine if there were similar differences in colorectal cancer, focusing on the indigenous populations of Sabah. Methods: Histopathological reports of all patients diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma from January 2012 to December 2016 from public hospitals in Sabah were retrieved from the central computerized database of the Pathology Department of Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Supplementary data was obtained from patients’ case files from each hospital. Clinico-pathological data were analysed using the IBM SPSS Statistical Software Version 23 for Windows for descriptive statistics (mean, median, ASR, AR, relative risk) and inferential statistics (Chi square test). Results: A total of 696 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age for colorectal cancer in Sabah was 62 years (95% CI 60.3 to 62.3), with an age specific incidence rate of 21.4 per 100 000 population. The age specific incidence rate in the indigenous populations was 26.6 per 100 000, much lower than the Chinese, at 65.0 per 100 000. The risk of colorectal cancer occurring before the age of 50 was three times higher in the indigenous population compared to the Chinese. The tumours were mainly left-sided (56.5%), adenocarcinoma in histology (98.4%) and moderately differentiated (88.7%). Approximately 79.2% of patients received curative treatment. Conclusion: Indigenous populations in Sabah develop colorectal cancer at an earlier age, and present at more advanced stages. This has implications for screening and therapeutic strategic planning. <br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Chemotherapy Negates the Effect of SDF1 mRNA to Distant Metastasis and Poor Overall Survival in Breast Cancer Patients7577668951310.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.757ENKristanto YuliYarsoDepartment of Surgery, Oncology Division, Medical Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia.0000-0003-4514-4676MonicaBellyndaDepartment of Surgery, Medical Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia.MonicaBellynda17AkhmadAzmiardiDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Veteran Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo University, Indonesia.0000-0002-7021-4528BrianWasitaDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia.Didik SetyoHeriyantoDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia.IndwianiAstutiDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapy, Medical Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia.MohammadHakimiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia.TeguhAryandonoDepartment of Surgery, Oncology Division, Medical Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia.0000-0002-1143-4125Journal Article20200917Objective: Investigate the effect of SDF1a, nuclear, and cytoplasmic CXCR4 breast cancer tissue on metastasis and overall survival in patients with complete-chemotherapy and no-chemotherapy. Methods: Cohort ambidirectional design was employed with survival analysis that followed the patient’s diagnosis until obtaining the outcome, distant metastasis, or death. We analyzed samples in three groups (all-patient, no-chemotherapy, and complete-chemotherapy groups). Breast cancer cell nuclear and cytoplasm expressions of CXCR4 protein were examined using immunohistochemistry. Amplification of mRNA SDF1a of breast cancer tissue was examined using rtPCR on 131 samples from the same initial paraffin block. Results: In the distant metastasis and Overall Survival (OS) analysis, there was no correlation between cytoplasmic and nuclear CXCR4 in all-patient, no-chemotherapy, and complete-chemotherapy groups. SDF1a was significantly correlated to shorter distant metastasis and poor OS in the all-patient (p=0.004 and p=0.04, respectively) and no-chemotherapy group (p=0.008 and p=0.026, respectively). However, in the complete-chemotherapy group, SDF1a was not correlated to either metastasis (p=0.527) or OS (p=0.993), advanced stage demonstrated a strong association on shorter distant metastatic in no-chemotherapy (p=0.021) and complete-chemotherapy group (p=0.004) and also poor OS in both groups (p=0.006 and p=0.002, respectively). The hormone receptor showed a protective effect on the no-chemotherapy group’s OS (p= 0.019). Meanwhile, not undergoing chemotherapy was associated with poor OS in the all-patient group (p= 0.011). Conclusion: SDF1a mRNA amplification has a significant correlation with the occurrence of metastasis and OS in all-patient and no-chemotherapy group. Undergoing chemotherapy negates the effect of SDF1a for distant metastasis and OS.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Evaluation of Cortactin and HS1 Genes Expression: New Players in Adult B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia7677748951410.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.767ENSalahArefHematology Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.0000-0002-4822-5204MohamedAl AgdarHematology Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.AhmedRamezMedical Oncology Unit,
Mansoura University Oncology Center (MUOC) Mansoura University, Egypt.TarekAbou ZeidHematology Unit, Mansoura University Oncology
Center (MUOC), Mansoura University, Egypt.MohamedSabryHematology Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.NadaKhaledHematology Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.Journal Article20200919Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of cortactin and HS1 genes expression in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods: The study included a cohort of 74 adult B-ALL patients and 76 controls. Cortactin and HS1 genes expression were quantified by real time PCR. Results: The expression of cortactin and HS1 were significantly higher in B-ALL patients at diagnosis as compared to post induction levels (pWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening among Omani Women Attending Primary Healthcare Centers in Oman: A Cross-Sectional7757838951510.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.775ENTagharidAl YahyaiOman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.MarwaAl RaisiOman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.RahmaAl KindiDepartment of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos
University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.Journal Article20200922Background: This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening, and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear testing among Omani women attending primary healthcare centers in Oman, and to establish a correlation with various sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional survey was carried out from August 2019 to January 2020 and included 805 women attending 18 primary healthcare centers. A pre-tested questionnaire was utilized to assess the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, cervical cancer risk factors, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening, and Pap smear testing. Results: All 805 women participated in the study (response rate: 100%). Overall, 67.5% and 50.9% had heard of cervical cancer and Pap smear testing, respectively; however, only 13.4% and 10.9% demonstrated high levels of knowledge concerning these topics. Knowledge was significantly associated with educational level, type of educational qualification (i.e. if their degree was related to healthcare), monthly income, and employment status (p ≤ 0.05 each). Only 15.7% of the participants had previously undergone Pap smear testing, although 42.7% were willing to undertake such screening in future. No associations were noted between Pap smear practice or willingness and sociodemographic characteristics, family history of cervical cancer or personal history of cervical cancer or related risk factors. Conclusions: Knowledge regarding cervical cancer and Pap smear testing was suboptimal among a cohort of Omani women attending primary healthcare centers in Oman. This may be a factor behind the increased number of cervical cancer cases in Oman; as such, a well-structured awareness and educational program is needed to address this issue.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301The Effect of Indian Fig Fruit Extract on Human Papilloma Virus containing Cervical Cancer Cells (HeLa) by Decreasing the HPV18 L1 Gene Load7857918951610.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.785ENV M BerlinGraceDepartment of Biotechnology & Health Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore-641 114, Tamil Nadu, India.0000-0002-8459-0946LydiaBDepartment of Biotechnology & Health Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore-641 114, Tamil Nadu, India.D. DavidWilsonSchool of Science, Arts, Media and Management (SSAMM), Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore-641 114, Tamil Nadu, India.0000-0003-2356-0011Journal Article20200924Background: Global trend is moving towards the use of natural phytochemicals to fight against pathogens. Human cervical cancer is directly associated with onco-potent type of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). There is no known medicine for clearance of HPV type whose persistence is the cause of occurrence and re-occurrence of cervical cancer. The different species of fig fruit and their latex are reported to have HPV associated genital warts clearance capability.Methods: In the current investigation, the effect of the methanol extract of Ficus benghalensis L. fruits on HPV type18 viral load in HeLa cell line was tested by doing PCR using HPV L1 primers (MY09/My011) and the cytotoxicity was also analysed by MTT assay. The induction of apoptotic activity in terms of DNA fragmentation and hyper-chromic effects of DNA was analysed. Results: The PCR results showed a reduction in the HPV18 DNA and also the treatment exhibited a promising cytotoxicity with IC50 value at 211.86 μg/ml. The DNA samples from treated HeLa cells showed DNA shearing and laddering as a mark of apoptotic DNA fragmentation (Fig. 2) and the UV absorbance value at 260 nm was found to be significantly (p <0.01) higher in the DNA sample treated with fruit extract compared to the untreated DNA sample. Conclusion: The Ficus benghalensis L. fruit extract reduced the HPV viral load in HPV18 containing HeLa cells and showed an effective cytotoxicity on HeLa cell line. It also could induce the apoptotic activity in HeLa cell line and this study results suggest that the Ficus benghalensis L. fruits can be used to fight against cervical carcinoma, acting on HPV load.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Economic Distress of Breast Cancer Patients Seeking Treatment at a Tertiary Cancer Center in Mumbai during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Study7938008951710.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.793ENTabassumWadasadawalaTata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.SoumenduSenInternational Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai,
India.0000-0002-3114-3712RakeshWatekarTata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.PallaviRaneTata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.RajivSarinTata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.0000000264058282SudeepGuptaTata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.VaniParmarTata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.SadhanaKannanTata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.Sanjay KMohantyInternational Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai,
India.0000-0001-9041-5952Journal Article20201003Background: Cancer treatment during nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has posed several challenges in the delivery of cancer care and carries tremendous potential sequel of impoverishing the households. This study aims to examine the economic distress faced by breast cancer patients receiving treatment at Tata Memorial Center (TMC) Mumbai, India during the nationwide lockdown initiated in March 2020 following the outbreak of COVID-19. Methods: A total of 138 non-metastatic breast cancer patients who were accrued in this study at TMC before imposing of lockdown, and their treatment was impacted because of the COVID-19 outbreak, were interviewed. Telephonic interviews were conducted using a structured schedule which contained information on household and demographic characteristics of the patients, knowledge about COVID-19, their daily expenditure for treatment, difficulties faced during lockdown and how they met expenditures. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used in the analyses. Results: The average monthly expenditure of cancer patients had increased by 32% during the COVID-19 period while the mean monthly household income was reduced by a quarter. More than two-thirds of the patients had no income during the lockdown. More than half of the patients met their expenditure by borrowing money, 30% of the patients used their savings, 28% got charity and 25% used household income. About 81% of the patients had reported shortage of money, 32% reported shortage of food and 28% reported shortage of medicine. The distress financing was significantly higher among patients receiving treatment in Mumbai compared to those receiving treatment at their native cities (67% vs. 46%), patients under 40 years of age, illiterate, currently married, Muslim and staying at a rented house. Conclusion: The incremental expenditure coupled with reduced or no income due to the closure of economic activities in the country imposed severe financial stress on breast cancer patients.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Radiological Impact of Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Tests at Mururoa and Fangataufa Atolls to Populations in Oceania, South America and Africa: Comparison with French Polynesia8018098951810.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.801ENVladimirDrozdovitchDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.0000-0002-7952-379XFlorentDe VathaireNational Institute
for Health and Medical Research, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM U1018 / Gustave
Roussy, Radiation Epidemiology Group, Villejuif, France.University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.0000-0002-8374-9281AndreBouvilleNational Cancer Institute,
Bethesda, MD, USA (retired).Journal Article20201005Objective: To evaluate the potential radiological impact of atmospheric nuclear weapons tests conducted in 1966-1974 at Mururoa and Fangataufa atolls on populations in Oceania, South America and Africa. Methods: Results of measurements of total beta(β)-concentrations in filtered air and 131I activity concentrations in locally produced cow’s milk in Oceania, South America and Africa after the tests were compared with those in French Polynesia. Radiation doses due to external irradiation and thyroid doses due to 131I intake with milk by local populations were also compared. Results: Higher total β-concentrations in filtered air, 131I activity concentrations in locally produced milk and radiation doses to local population were, in general, observed in French Polynesia than in other countries in the southern hemisphere. However, for specific years during the testing period, the radiological impact to South America was found to be similar or slightly higher than that to Tahiti. The resulting thyroid doses in the considered countries were lower than those in French Polynesia with two exceptions: thyroid doses due to 131I intake with cow’s milk for 1-y old child in 1968 were higher in Peru (0.35 mGy) and in Madagascar (0.30 mGy) than in Tahiti (0.25 mGy). However, the populations outside French Polynesia received doses lower than those from the natural sources of radiation. Conclusion: According to the current knowledge in radiation epidemiology, it is very unlikely that nuclear fallout due to French nuclear tests had a measurable radiological and health impact outside French Polynesia.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Study of the Relationship between MMP-2 and MMP-9 and Her2/neu Overexpression in Gastric Cancer: Clinico- Pathological Correlations8118178951910.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.811ENElhamJafariPathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Department of Pathology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.0000-0001-9240-9177SomayeSafinejadPathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Department of Pathology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.ShahriarDabiriPathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Department of Pathology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.AhmadNaghibzadeh-TahamiHealth Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.Journal Article20201006Background: The relationship between the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases with clinico-pathological data on gastric cancer has been investigated in many countries, but this relationship remains unexplored in Iranian patients. Also, the correlation of the MMPs and the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene with other clinic-pathological variables has been evaluated for several other malignancies, but little effort has been made to shed light on the relationship with gastric cancer. Methods: We investigated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and HERE-2/neu overexpression in 48 gastric cancer patients referred to Afzalipour Hospital, associated with Kerman Medical University. Immunohistochemistry staining with rabbit polyclonal antibodies was used. Data statistical analysis was done by SPSS software (Version 20.0). Results: The mean age was 59, most of the patients were male (79.2%), and the average tumor size was larger than 5 centimeters in its greatest diameter. The majority of tumors were of the intestinal subtype and were located in the pyloric and antrum regions (43.8%). Invasion to muscularis properia was seen in 87.5% of the tumors (T3). MMP-2 and MMP-9 were highly expressed in 58.3% and 50% of cases, respectively, and Her-2/neu positivity was 10.4%. MMP-2, MMP-9 and HER-2 were found to have no relation with any clinicopathological parameters. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were highly expressed in gastric cancer, but there was no significant association with other clinicopathological variables.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Could miR-34a Inhibition be Used as a Tool to Overcome Drug Resistance in MCF-7 Cells Treated with Synthesized Steroidal Heterocycles?8198268952010.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.819ENShaymaa M. MYahyaDepartment of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.Mervat MAbd-ElhalimDepartment of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.Abdou OAbdelhamidDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.Emad FEskanderDepartment of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.Ghada HElsayedDepartment of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20201013Background: Progesterone derivatives have explored an improved effect on human cancer cells through combination of the explored heterocycles with progesterone moiety.miRNAs have an important role in moderating cancer cell survival, proliferation and drug resistance. The current study tested the hypothesis “whether miR-34a inhibitor has a negative impact on apoptosis and angiogenesis in MCF-7 cells treated with newly synthesized progesterone derivatives”. Methods: MCF-7 cells were treated with progesterone derivatives individually and in combination with miR-34a inhibitor. miR-34a expression levels were measured in MCF-7 cells treated with progesterone derivatives using QRT-PCR. MCF-7 cells treated with progesterone derivatives individually showed increased miR-34a expression levels. miR-34a deficient cells were treated with the newly synthesized progesterone derivatives, after that, apoptotic and angiogenic gene expression levels were determined using QRT-PCR. The studied genes were as follows: apoptotic (Bcl-2, survivin, CCND1, CDC2, P53 and P21) and angiogenic (VEGF, Hif-1α, MMP-2, Ang-1, Ang-2, and FGF-1). Results: The results showed that miR-34a deficient MCF-7 cells treated with the newly progesterone derivatives still have promising effects on apoptotic and angiogenic genes. Besides, results revealed that miRNA-34a deficient MCF-7 cells exhibited improved effect of tested compounds in some apoptotic and angiogenic genes such as CDC-2, MMP-2. Conclusion: These results revealed that miR-34a inhibitor did not have remarkable negative effect on apoptosis and angiogenesis. On contrary, it showed an improved effect on some genes. And consequently, miR-34a inhibitor could be used safely as a tool to tackle drug resistance in breast cancer cells.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Exposure to Second Hand Tobacco Smoke among 12 year old Adolescents in Mangalore, Karnataka – A Descriptive Study8278358952110.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.827ENAshwiniRaoManipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, A Constituent Unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal,
India.0000-0002-2474-5010UnnikrishnanBKasturba Medical College, Mangalore, A constituent unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal,
India.NikitaRungtaManipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, A Constituent Unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal,
India.NandiniMDepartment of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, A constituent unit of Manipal Academy of Higher
Education (MAHE), Manipal, India.RamyaShenoyManipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, A Constituent Unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal,
India.0000-0003-3126-4415ArathiRaoManipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, A Constituent Unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal,
India.Mranali KShettyManipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, A Constituent Unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal,
India.Journal Article20201027Background: There is no safe level of exposure to second hand tobacco smoke (SHS). The World Health Organization has stressed that 100% smoke-free environments are the only effective way to protect the population from the harmful effects of exposure to SHS. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire study was done on 1442, 12 year old, adolescents in Mangalore to determine the exposure to SHS and adolescents’ knowledge, attitude, avoidance and self-efficacy of avoidance towards SHS. Results: The percentage of children exposed to SHS at home was 28.6%. A higher number of male students reported that their parent and/or sibling smoked tobacco compared to their female counterparts. About 48% of the participants reported that persons who lived with them smoked in front of children and this was found to be significantly higher among males compared to females. Atleast 46% of the participants had knowledge of second hand tobacco smoke. The avoidance behaviour of the participants was good with most of the participants reporting positive avoidance towards SHS. With respect to their self - efficacy of avoidance of SHS, most of them were confident of avoiding SHS when they were with family or friends but the confidence was less with respect to strangers. Multivariate general linear model analysis showed a significant association between gender and exposure to SHS to 14 items out of the 25 items in the four domains. Males and those not exposed to SHS showed better knowledge, positive attitude, positive avoidance behaviour and positive self efficacy of avoidance to SHS. Conclusion: The findings of our study indicate that better knowledge and a positive attitude and avoidance behavior are associated with reduced exposure to SHS and this reinforces the fact that a sustained health education program incorporated into the school curriculum is the need of the hour.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301The Potential of hsa-mir-106b-5p as Liquid Biomarker in Prostate Cancer Patients in Indonesia8378428952210.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.837ENChristin HBonnuDepartment of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Anggia NRamadhaniDepartment of Biomedical Science., Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.Ranu BSaputroDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Salsabila LSesotyosariDepartment of Biomedical Science., Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.RDanartoDepartment of Urology, Faculty
of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.IndwianiAstutiDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Sofia MHaryanaDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0001-7205-652XJournal Article20201029Purpose: This study aims to explore the potential of hsa-mir-106b-5p as a new liquid biomarker for prostate cancer sufferers in Indonesia. Methods: Analysis of hsa-mir-106b-5p expression of two tissue samples from BPH patients and two PCa patients used NanoString nCounter Expression Assay then validated by qRT-PCR using 10 patient urine samples for prostate cancer and BPH. Furthermore, analysis of the role of hsa-mir-106b-5p in prostate cancer was carried out bioinformatically. Results: The results of this study indicated that the expression of hsa-mir-106b-5p in prostate cancer tissue was 1.23 times higher than that of BPH and urine of Indonesian patients (1.72 times). Moreover, this miRNA was upregulated in prostate cancer cells compared to normal cells 1.37 times. The hsa-mir-106b-5p appeared to be involved in the development of prostate cancer through the binding of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and tumor suppressor genes. Conclusion: hsa-mir-106b-5p could modulate prostate cancer by interfering with the endoplasmic reticulum stress repair pathways and decreasing the expression of tumor suppressor genes involved in many biological processes. These updates our understanding of the role of hsa-mir-106b-5p in cancer and its potential as a candidate of a biomarker for clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Synergistic Effect of Barbadensis miller and Marsdenia Condurango Extracts Induces Apoptosis Promotes Oxidative Stress by Limiting Proliferation of Cervical Cancer and Liver Cancer Cells8438528952310.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.843ENTahirMaqboolFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan.0000-0003-3706-2582FaheemHadiFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan.SehrishRazzaqFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan.SadiaNazFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan.SairaAftabFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan.SameeraKhurshidFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan.Sana JavaidAwanFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan.AishaNawazFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan.FarahAbidFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan.ArifMalikFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan.Journal Article20201104Background: Drug synergy is the combine effect of drug efficacy. Synergistic combinations of active ingredients have proven to be highly effective and more useful in therapeutics. In contrast, the individual effect of drug is usually undesirable and mostly used for selecting drug-resistant mutations. Purpose of this study was to check synergistic effects of both plants (Barbadensis miller and Marsdenia condurango) against liver and cervical cancer. Methodology: Culturing of HeLa (cervical cancer cell line) and HepG2 (liver cancer cell line) cells, IC50 evaluation, viability assays (trypan blue, crystal violet), p53 ELISA and immunocytochemistry, MUSE analysis (count and viability), antioxidants (GSH, SOD, CAT), at the end RT-PCR was performed. Results: IC50 evaluation was done of each plant individually and with combination for synergistic effects, IC50 with plants combination (synergism) was applied on further viability assays (trypan blue, crystal violet, MUSE analysis via count and viability kit) p53 ELISA and immunocytochemistry for evaluation of cellular apoptosis, antioxidants assays (GSH, SOD, CAT), and RT-PCR with proliferative and apoptotic markers along with internal control. Conclusion: According to current study it was observed that synergistic effect of these plants has more anticancer properties with minimum effective dose. It was also observed that extracts possess the ability to induce apoptosis, restrict proliferation and enhanced oxidative stress.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Treatment Outcome and Prognosis Factors of FIGO 2018 Stage III Cervical Cancer Patients Treated with Definitive Concurrent Chemoradiation in Vietnam8538598952410.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.853ENHuyen ThiPhungDepartment of Medical Oncology 6, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.Department of Oncology, Vietnam
University of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam.Minh CongTruongDepartment of Oncology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.0000-0003-3953-6729Long ThanhNguyenDepartment of Oncology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.0000-0002-0601-1013Anh Thi VanDangDepartment of Breast and Gynecologic Radiotherapy, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.Thanh HaVuDepartment of Medical
Oncology 2, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.Hoa ThiNguyenDepartment of Medical Oncology 6, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.Journal Article20201117Objective: This study aimed to analyze the treatment outcome and toxicities, along with prognosis factors of patients with FIGO 2018 stage III cervical cancer treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiation. Methods: A total of 83 stage III cervical cancer patients with good performance status (ECOG PS 0, 1) were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) combined with chemotherapy (weekly cisplatin), followed by high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy between January 2017 and March 2019 at Vietnam National Cancer hospital. Treatment outcomes and prognosis factors were assessed along with acute and late toxicities. Results: The 3-year DFS was 67.8% and 3-year OS was 80.3%. On multivariate analyses, short axis of pelvic lymph node diameter of ≥ 15mm, invasion of the lower third of vagina and para-aortic lymph node metastasis were identified as adverse prognostic factors for DFS. The cumulative incidence rate of gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity (≥ grade 2) at the 3-year follow-up were 29.6% and 11.6%, respectively. Conclusions: 3D CRT and HDR brachytherapy with concurrent chemotherapy is an effective treatment, with acceptable toxicity for FIGO 2018 stage III cervical cancer in Vietnam.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Exosomal Protease Cargo as Prognostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer8618698952510.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.861ENNatalia V.YunusovaCancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.0000-0001-5629-8908Elena A.ZambalovaCancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.Marina RPatyshevaCancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.Elena SKolegovaCancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.Sergey GAfanas’evCancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.Olga VCheremisinaCancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.Alina EGrigor’evaLaboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.Svetlana NTamkovichLaboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.Department of Clinical Biochemistry, V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.Irina VKondakovaCancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.0000-0003-0907-4615Journal Article20201120Objective: The aim of the study was to develop a model for predicting cancer risk in colorectal polyps’ patients (CPPs), as well as to reveal additional prognosis factors for Stage III colorectal cancer based on differences in subpopulations of tetraspanins, tetraspanin-associated and tetraspanin-non-associated proteases in blood plasma exosomes of CPPs and colorectal cancer patients (CRCPs). Methods: The subpopulations of CD151- and Tspan8-positive exosomes, the subpopulations of metalloproteinase at the surface of СD9-positive exosomes and the level of 20S proteasomes in plasma exosomes in 15 CPPs (tubulovillous adenomas) and 60 CRCPs were evaluated using flow cytometry and Western blotting. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict cancer risk of CPPs. Results: The levels of 20S proteasomes in exosomes, MMP9+, MMP9+/MMP2+/EMMPRIN+ in CD9-positive blood plasma exosomes are associated with the risk of malignant transformation of colorectal tubulovillous adenomas. In patients with Stage III CRC, the levels of 20S proteasomes (less than 2 units) and MMP9+ subpopulations (more than 61%) in plasma exosomes are unfavorable prognostic factors for overall survival. The levels of 20S proteasomes and ADAM10+/ADAM17- subpopulations in CD9-positive blood plasma exosomes are the most significant values for predicting relapse-free survival. Conclusion: Protease cargo in CD9-positive blood plasma exosomes is prognostic biomarker for colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Pharmacokinetics of Dexamethasone when Administered with Fosaprepitant for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting and Differences in Dose-Dependent Antiemetic Effects8718778952610.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.871ENFukutaroShimamotoCancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical College Hospital, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.MasahiroGotoCancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical College Hospital, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.TetsujiTerazawaCancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical College Hospital, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.KenAsaishiCancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical College Hospital, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.TakahiroMiyamotoCancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical College Hospital, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.KazuhideHiguchiSecond Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.Journal Article20201124Background: Fosaprepitant, an NK1 receptor antagonist, inhibits and induces cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) as its substrate. Contrarily dexamethasone is metabolized by CYP3A4. Therefore, in combination therapy wherein both agents interact with each other, it is recommended that the dexamethasone dose be reduced in the first two days. Thus far, there are only a few studies on the optimum dose of dexamethasone after day 3. Thus, we aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone on day3 when administered together with fosaprepitant and investigate the dose-dependent differences in its antiemetic effect in patients with cancer. Methods: Twelve patients with esophageal, stomach, or lung cancer received primary highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). We intravenously administered 9.9 mg and 6.6 mg of dexamethasone on days 1 and 2, respectively, and 6.6 mg or 13.2 mg on day 3 together with the administration of 150 mg fosaprepitant and 0.75 mg palonosetron. We assessed the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone on day 3 by dose and examined the dose-dependent antiemetic effect. Results: No differences were observed in the time-to-maximum concentration and blood half-life of dexamethasone between patient groups that received dexamethasone at doses of 6.6 mg and 13.2 mg. In contrast, the area under the blood concentration-time curve and the maximum concentration of dexamethasone correlated with its dose. Moreover, the blood dexamethasone concentration on day 3 increased by twofold after the administration of a higher dose than after a lower dose. The severity of nausea in the delayed phase significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Administration of a higher dexamethasone dose on day 3 improved the antiemetic effect of the combined regimen in patients with cancer who underwent HEC.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Thymoquinone Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Enhances Apoptosis of HL60 Leukemia Cells through Re-Expression of JAK/STAT Negative Regulators8798858952710.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.879ENBelalAlmajaliSchool of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20300 Terengganu,
Malaysia.Hamid Ali NagiAl-JamalSchool of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20300 Terengganu,
Malaysia.0000-0001-6194-2729Wan RohaniWan TaibSchool of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20300 Terengganu,
Malaysia.ImiliaIsmailSchool of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20300 Terengganu,
Malaysia.0000-0002-3701-4006Muhammad FaridJohanDepartment of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan,
Malaysia.0000-0001-6344-0220Abd AlmonemDoolaaneaPharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia,
Kuantan, Malaysia.Wisam NabeelIbrahimDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Collage of Health sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha,
Qatar.Syed AhmadTajudinCentralized Laboratory Management Centre, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.Journal Article20201128Objective: The natural compound, thymoquinone (TQ) has demonstrated potential anticancer properties in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells, breast cancer cells, and others. However, the effect mechanism of TQ on AML cells still not fully understood. In this study, the authors examined the effects of TQ on the expression of JAK/STAT-negative regulator genes SOCS-1, SOCS-3, and SHP-1, and their consequences on cell proliferation and apoptosis in HL60 leukemia cells. Methods: MTT and trypan blue exclusion tests were conducted to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and cell proliferation. FITC Annexin and Guava® reagent were used to study the cell apoptosis and examine the cell cycle phases, respectively. The expression of JAK/STAT-negative regulator genes, SOCS-1, SOCS-3, and SHP-1, was investigated using reverse transcriptase- quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: TQ demonstrated a potential inhibition of HL60 cell proliferation and a significant increase in apoptotic cells in dose and time-dependent manner. TQ significantly induced cycle arrest at G0-G1 phase (P < 0.001) and enhanced the re-expression of JAK/STAT-negative regulator genes. Conclusion: TQ potentially inhibited HL60 cell proliferation and significantly increased apoptosis with re-expression of JAK/STAT-negative regulator genes suggesting that TQ could be a new therapeutic candidate for leukemia therapy.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Association between TNF-α, Interleukin-18 Polymorphisms and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian patients8878918952810.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.887ENHebaSharafelldinClinical and Chemical Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.AbdallaMorsyClinical and Chemical Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research
Institute, Cairo, Egypt.HanyElghobaryClinical and Chemical Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.EnasOsmanClinical and Chemical Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research
Institute, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0002-8217-2265NormeenRadyClinical and Chemical Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20210108Objective: To evaluate the association of gene polymorphisms of the SNP of TNF-α gene -238G>A and IL-18 gene-607C>A with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma among Egyptian patients. Methods: One hundred and fifty patients were allocated to this study; eighty patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (Group A), seventy cancer-free HCV age, and sex-matched patients (Group B). We analyzed two Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (TNF-α-238G>A and IL-18-607C>A) by real-time polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Results: Significant higher risk of HCC was associated with genotype IL-18–607AA (p <0.001), OR: 5(2.188-11.47), allele IL-18 -607⁄A (P=0.001), OR: 2.1(1.32-3.3). A significant association was found between the size of HFL in the HCC group and different genotypes of IL18 genes (P=0.013) where 62.5% of patients with tumor size >5 cm carried the risky (AA) genotype on the other hand the SNP of TNF-α gene -238G>A showed no statistically significant association between the two groups. Conclusion: The SNP -607C>A in the IL18 gene was associated with increased HCC risk in Egyptian patients suggesting its use as a potential diagnostic non-invasive tool that allows to identify a new group of HCC patients at an earlier stage.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Smaller Copper Oxide Nanoparticles have More Biological Effects Versus Breast Cancer and Nosocomial Infections Bacteria8939028952910.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.893ENArdeshirAbbasiInfectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.KhodayarGhorbanInfectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.FarshadNojoomiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MaryamDadmaneshInfectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20210118Background and Objectives: Despite promising successes in developing new drugs and pharmaceutical biotechnology, infectious diseases and cancer are still the principal causes of mortality and morbidity globally. Therefore, finding effective ways to deal with these pathogens and cancers is critical. Metal nanoparticles are one of the new strategies to combat bacteria and cancers. Methods: We examined the antimicrobial activity of 30 and 60 nm copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) against Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections in standard and clinical strains and anti-cancer activity against 4T1 cell line as malignancy breast cancer cells. Synthesis of CuO-NPs was performed by a one-step reduction method and confirmed by DLS and TEM microscopy at 30 and 60 nm sizes. The antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of the nanoparticles were then investigated against the aforementioned bacteria and breast cancer. Results: Using disk, well, MIC, MBC methods, and viability/bacterial growth assay, 30 nm CuO NPs were found to have more antibacterial activity on standard and clinical strains than 60 nm CuO NPs. On the other hand, using MTT, apoptosis, and gene expression method, 30 nm nanoparticles were found to have more anti-cancer potential than 60 nm CuO NPs. Conclusions: Our findings implicate CuO-NPs to possess antimicrobial and anti-cancer effects and more significant potential in smaller sizes, suggesting their pharmaceutical and biomedical capacity.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Is Pap Test Awareness Critical to Pap Test Uptake in Women Living in Rural Vietnam?9039088953010.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.903ENHee YunLeeSchool of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL.0000-0003-3499-6304QingyiLiSchool of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL.YanLuoSchool of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL.KunWangSchool of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL.0000-0002-0606-1950SaraHendrixDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Alabama,
Tuscaloosa, AL.JongwookLeeDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Seoul National University, Building, Seoul, Republic of Korea.SangchulYoonDepartment of Global Health,
Graduate School of Public School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.Quoc HuyNguyen VuHue University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam.0000-0002-4744-7059Journal Article20200702Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among Vietnamese females. By detecting precancerous cells, Pap test screening plays a critical role in the fight against cervical cancer. The present study aims to investigate health-related factors associated with receipt of Pap test among Vietnamese females living in rural Vietnam, particularly examining the correlation between awareness level of the Pap test and the receiving of Pap test. Methods: Anderson’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use was utilized as the present study’s theoretical framework. A self-administrated questionnaire was completed among 193 females residing in Quantri City, Vietnam. Results: Only 15.5% (N=30) of participants in our sample have had a Pap test. Pap test awareness (OR = 18.38, p <.001) was a strong predictor of Pap test receipt. Participants who had heard about Pap test were 18.38 times more likely to take a Pap test compared to those who had no prior knowledge. Besides the awareness, variables including employment (OR = .18, p <.05), and health insurance coverage (OR = 10.75, p <.05) were significantly associated with Pap test uptake. Conclusion: Findings from the present study suggests interventions should be provided through public health efforts to enhance awareness of Pap test by aiming at increasing primary prevention of cervical cancer, especially among Vietnamese women living in rural areas, in order to reduce cancer health disparities.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301The Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis for Screening the Molecular Targets of Action of β-Eudesmol in Cholangiocarcinoma9099188953110.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.909ENKanawutKotawongGraduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Klonglung, Pathumthani Thailand.WannaChajaroenkulGraduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Klonglung, Pathumthani Thailand.Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Klonglung, Pathumthani Thailand.SittirukRoytrakulCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand.NarumonPhaonakropCenter for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand.KesaraNa-BangchangGraduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Klonglung, Pathumthani Thailand.Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Klonglung, Pathumthani Thailand.0000-0001-6389-0897Journal Article20201001Objective: β-eudesmol is the active compound isolated from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) D.C. The actions of this compound against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells include anti-angiogenesis and anti-cell proliferation and growth. For more understanding of the molecular targets of action of β-eudesmol, the CCA cells (CL-6) were exposed to β-eudesmol for 24 and 48 hours. Methods: Proteins and metabolites from the intra- and extra-cellular components of the CL-6 cells were extracted and identified by LC-MS/MS. Protein analysis was performed using the Venn diagram (protein grouping), PANTHER (gene ontology), and STITCH software (protein-protein interaction). Metabolite analysis including their interactions with proteins, was performed using MetaboAnalyst software. Results: The analysis showed that the actions of β-eudesmol were associated with various biological processes particularly apoptosis and cell cycle. These included blood coagulation, wound healing, DNA repair, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, immune system process, MAPK cascade, urea cycle, purine metabolism, ammonia recycling, and methionine metabolism. Conclusion: Possible molecular targets of action of β-eudesmol against CL-6 for cell apoptosis induction were TNFRSf6, cytochrome C, BAX3, DHCR24, CD29, and ATP. On the other hand, possible targets for cell cycle arrest induction were CDKN2B, MLF1, TFDP2, CDK11-p110, and nicotinamide.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301CD34 is not Expressed by Blasts in a Third of B-ALL Patients and its Negativity is associated with Aberrant Marker Expression: A Retrospective Analysis9199258953210.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.919ENNehaGargDepartment of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India.0000-0002-5767-8037RichaGuptaDepartment of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India.MrinaliniKotruDepartment of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India.Journal Article20201010Background: CD34 antigen is expressed by early hematopoietic progenitor cells and acute leukemia cells. Its expression is associated with good prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Literature is sparse on its prognostic significance in B- acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) especially from India. Hence the present study was undertaken to analyse the frequency of CD34 expression in B-ALL in Indian patients and determine its prognostic significance by associating with other prognostic markers and aberrant antigen expression. Methods: Seventy-five B-ALL patients diagnosed by flow cytometry over a period of 3½ year were studied. Correlation of CD34 expression was studied with gender, age, total leucocyte count (TLC), French-American-British (FAB) morphological type, immuno-phenotypic markers, cytogenetics and minimal residual disease. Differences between groups were evaluated using Student’s T-test for quantitative data and Chi-square test/Fishers exact T-test for qualitative variables. P valueWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Cancer Screening Literacy among Vietnamese Population: Does Annual Checkup Improve Cancer Screening Literacy?9279338953310.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.927ENSangchulYoonYonsei University, Republic of Korea.KunWangSchool of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.0000-0002-0606-1950YanLuoSchool of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.JongwookLeeDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Seoul National University, Building, Seoul, Republic of Korea.0000-0002-3660-4370JessicaNeeseSchool of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.HeeLeeSchool of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.0000-0003-3499-6304Journal Article20201106Background: Colorectal, breast, and cervical cancers disproportionately impact the Vietnamese population. However, research on cancer prevention among this population was very limited. The purpose of this study is to examine the cancer screening literacy levels for these three types of cancers among rural Vietnamese and investigate correlates of cancer screening literacy. Methods: A sample of 226 Vietnamese men and women aged 25-70 years old was recruited from rural Vietnam and finished a self-administered questionnaire. Andersen’s Behavioral Model was used to guide this cross-sectional study to identify modifiable variables. Bivariate analysis was used to explore the relationship between demographic factors and cancer screening literacy levels. Multiple linear regressions were also used to identify significant factors for cancer literacy levels. Results: Cancer screening literacy levels of Vietnamese men and women were low regarding all three types of cancers, especially HPV symptom questions. Only about 24% of women answered correctly on “most people with genital HPV have no visible signs/symptoms” and less than 18% answered correctly on “I can transmit HPV to my partner(s) even if I have no HPV symptoms.” Findings suggested that having an annual checkup was associated with higher colorectal (β=.15, p <.05), breast (β=.25, p <.001), and cervical (β=.18, p <.01) cancer screening literacy. Conclusions: Public health efforts should focus on encouraging annual checkups in the Vietnamese population. During the annual checkup, health care professionals should educate patients about importance of cancer screening and provide recommendations for regular cancer screenings to reduce cancer health disparities.West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301The Apoptotic Effect of Trichinella spiralis Infection Against Experimentally Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma9359468953410.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.935ENFawzya AElhasawyDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.Dalia SAshourDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.0000-0002-7782-0774Ayman MElsakaDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.Howaida IIsmailDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.Journal Article20201118Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer. Prognosis of HCC remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, developing new therapeutic modalities is still mandatory. Tumor biotherapy is a novel concept developed as a therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. There is a similarity between the regulatory mechanism of Trichinella spiralis nurse cell formation and tumor cell apoptosis signal regulation. Objectives: Induction of apoptosis by T. spiralis can represent a new strategy for tumor treatment. Methods: Experimental animals were divided in four groups; negative control (GI), T. spiralis infected (GII), induced HCC (GIII) and HCC then infected with T. spiralis (GIV). The apoptotic effect of T. spiralis infection was assessed by histopathological and immunohistochemical staining of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Results: We found higher survival rate of rats and decreased weight of their livers with no nodules in HCC- T. spiralis group as compared to HCC group. Improvement of the dysplastic changes and increased apoptotic bodies which was confirmed by decreased expression of Bcl-2 reported in HCC- T. spiralis group. Conclusion: Trichinella-induced apoptosis can be a contributing mechanism of the anti-tumor effect of T. spiralis infection. Our results showed a certain level of decreased progression of the tumor in HCC-T. spiralis group as indicated by increased rate of apoptosis and subsequently had a positive impact on the survival of rats.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Investigation the Role of Autophagy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer9479558953510.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.947ENMinooPargolDepartment of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran.Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-7920-2347ShimaZare KariziDepartment of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran.Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.MasoumehAkbariDepartment of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran.Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.BaharehNourmohammadiMolecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-6013-6802Mohammad BehgamShadmehrTracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MortezaKarimipoorMolecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-2406-5963ShohrehZare KariziDepartment of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran.0000-0002-0305-8588Journal Article20201201Objective: Recent studies have shown the role of autophagy in different types of cancer including lung cancer. MicroRNAs are considered as key factors in regulation of autophagy related genes. miR-30d, miR-204-5p and miR-20a are regulatory markers which can suppress the expression of beclin1, LC3, bcl2 and ULK1 as their target genes and they lead to decrement of autophagy in human cancer cells. Moreover, epigenetic modifications DNA methylation has been indicated in regulation of autophagy in different stages of cancer. Methods: In this study, the expression levels of miR-30d, miR-204-5p and miR-20a as well as their target genes were analyzed in 30 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) patients sample and adjacent normal tissues by real-time qPCR. In addition, DNA methylation of beclin1, LC3, bcl2 and ULK1 genes were assessed by MS-HRM method. Results: MiR-30d (p value= 0.01) and miR-204-5p (P=0.048) significantly down-regulated in tumor samples compared to normal adjacent tissues, while there was no significant change in expression level of miR-20a. On the other hand, target genes expression level was significantly increased in NSCLC tissues, however methylation pattern of the target gene promoters, did not show any significant alteration. Conclusion: These results indicate roles for miR-30d, miR-204-5p as tumor suppressor genes as well as target genes as oncogenes in NSCLC patients. Although these factors may have a significant role in NSCLC progression, further studies are necessary to investigate the implications of these findings for treatment of lung cancer. <br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Curcumin Rescues Doxorubicin Responsiveness via Regulating Aurora a Signaling Network in Breast Cancer Cells9579708953610.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.957ENSouvickBiswasDepartment of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India.ElizabethMahapatraDepartment of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India.ArchismaanGhoshDepartment of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India.SaliniDasDepartment of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India.MadhumitaRoyDepartment of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India.SutapaMukherjeeDepartment of Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India.0000-0002-4411-7257Journal Article20201202Background: Insensitivity towards anthracycline drugs like doxorubicin poses a significant challenge in the treatment of breast cancer. Among several factors, Aurora A (a mitotic serine threonine kinase) plays crucial roles in acquiring non-responsiveness towards doxorubicin. However, the mechanisms underlying need to be elucidated. The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of Aurora A mediated doxorubicin insensitivity in MCF-7Dox/R, an isolated resistant-subline of MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma cell line). Effect of curcumin, a natural phytochemical in restoring doxorubicin sensitivity by targeting Aurora A was assessed furthermore. Methods: A doxorubicin resistant subline (MCF-7Dox/R) was isolated from the parental MCF-7 cells by treating the cell with gradual step-wise increasing concentration of the drug. Expressions of Aurora A and its target proteins (Akt, IκBα and NFκB) were assessed in both parental and MCF-7Dox/R cells. Both the cell lines were pretreated with curcumin prior to doxorubicin treatment. Cellular proliferation rate was measured using BrdU (5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine) assay kit. Intracellular doxorubicin accumulation was estimated spectrofluorimetrically. Cellular uptake of curcumin (spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric method) and its nuclear localization was confirmed by confocal microscopic study. Protein expressions were determined by western blot analysis. Localization of Aurora A was ascertained by immunofluorescence assay. To explore the possible outcome of impact of curcumin on Aurora A, cell-cycle distribution and apoptosis were performed subsequently. Results: Higher expressions of Aurora A in MCF-7Dox/R cells led to phosphorylation of Akt as well as IκBα. Phosphorylated IκBα preceded release of NFκB. Phospho-Akt, NFκB consequentially decreased doxorubicin accumulation by enhancing the expressions of ABCG2 and Pgp1 respectively. Curcumin by regulating Aurora A and its target molecules sensitized resistant subline towards doxorubicin mediated G2/M-arrest and apoptosis. Conclusion: Molecular targeting of Aurora A by curcumin restores chemosensitivity by increasing the efficacy of doxorubicin in breast cancer.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Acceptability and Concordance of Self- Versus Clinician- Sampling for HPV Testing among Rural South Indian Women9719768953710.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.971ENPurnimaMadhivananDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, India.Departments of Medicine, Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.0000-0001-7818-3394HollyNishimuraDepartment of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.KavithaRaviPublic Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, India.BenjaminPopeDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.MakellaCoudrayDepartment of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.AnjaliArunPublic Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, India.KarlKruppDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, India.PoornimaJayakrishnaPublic Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, India.VijayaSrinivasPublic Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, India.Journal Article20201202Background: Despite being largely preventable, HPV-related cervical cancers continues to be the second highest cause of cancer deaths among Indian women. HPV testing using self-sampled samples may offer an opportunity to expand cervical cancer screening in India where there is currently a shortage of providers and facilities for cervical cancer screening. The study examines acceptability and concordance of self vs. clinician collected samples for HPV-relted cervical cancer screening among rural South Indian women. Methods: Between May and August 2017, eight mobile screening clinics were conducted among 120 eligible women in rural villages in Mysore District, India. Women over the age of 30 underwent informed consent process and then self-sampled a sample for cervicovaginal HPV DNA testing. Next, the women underwent clinical exam where the clinician collected a cervicovaginal HPV DNA sample. Following the clinical exam, all participants answered an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess their history of cervical cancer screening and acceptability of self- and clinician-sampling methods. To assess diagnostic accuracy, concordance of self- and clinician-sampled HPV DNA specimens was calculated in addition to five measures of acceptability (feeling of caring, privacy, embarrassment, genital discomfort, and genital pain). Results: Study participants had a median age 39 years, about four-in-ten (41.7%) had a secondary education or above, the vast majority (87.5%) were married and only 3.4% reported having screened for cervical cancer. For all measures of participant acceptability, self-sampling was rated significantly higher than clinician-sampling. Cohen’s kappa was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.34, 1.00), indicating substantial agreement between self- and clinician-sampling. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening is feasible and acceptable in a community setting among South Indian rural women. Concordance between self-sampling and clinician-sampling was adequate for screening in community settings. <br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301Promoter Hypermethylation of LATS1 Gene in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) among North Indian Population9779828953810.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.977ENHarshGoelDepartment of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Medicines and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.0000-0003-3904-7343RunjhunMathurDr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.SaimaSyedaDepartment of Zoology, Delhi University, India.AnjuShrivastavaDepartment of Zoology, Delhi University, India.Abhimanyu KumarJhaDepartment of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Medicines and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.0000-0002-6798-2825Journal Article20201208Background: LATS1 (Large Tumor Suppressor, isoform 1) is a gene that forms a complex with the cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK1, and regulates cell cycle progression. Genetic modifications lead to a loss in the activity of LATS1 gene. OSCC is the most commonly emerging cancer caused by genetic as well as epigenetic changes. Epigenetics changes vary from one population to another because these are influenced by dietary factors and environmental factors. Tobacco chewing and smoking has been reported as major risk factors in OSCC. No report was found in the previous literature showing promoter hypermethylation of LATS1 gene. Methods: A total of 50 OSCC patients and 20 normal individuals were recruited in this study. Blood samples (50) from OSCC patients and blood samples (20) from healthy individuals as controls were used in the present study. Isolation of genomic DNA was carried out from blood using the standard phenol-chloroform extraction. Further Isolated DNA was modified with sodium bisulfite using the agarose bead method and finally, the methylation studies of LATS1 gene were carried out using Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP-PCR). Results: 19 out of 50 patients (38.0%) were found to be methylated for LATS1 gene.; a statistically significant result was obtained (p -value= < 0.05) with an odds ratio of 0.37 in cases compared to controls. The status of methylation of LATS1 genes was also found to be statistically significantly associated with smokers and tobacco chewers (p-value = < 0.05). The methylation of LATS1 gene showed a significant risk of developing OSCC in patients. Conclusion: These results suggest that the LATS1 gene may provide a better alternative as a diagnostic biomarker. This is the first report on the promoter hypermethylation of LATS1 gene in OSCC patients among the North Indian population.<br /> West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822320210301A Randomized Clinical Trial of Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System with or without Metformin for Treatment of Endometrial Hyperplasia without Atypia in Indian Women9839898953910.31557/APJCP.2021.22.3.983ENRamya DinnekereRaviDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.0000-0002-1405-8735JasvinderKalraDepartment of Obstetrics &
Gynaecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.RadhikaSrinivasanDepartment of Cytology & Gynecological Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.0000-0002-1771-091XRashmiBaggaDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.0000-0003-2693-2343VanitaJainDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.VanitaSuriDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.NareshSachdevaDepartment of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.0000-0001-6289-4749Journal Article20210110Background: Endometrial cancer is the second most frequent genital malignancy in women, which is showing a constant rise all over world. Endometrial hyperplasia is the precursor of endometrial cancer. Levonorgestrel intrauterine system is the first line management in patients with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. Metformin has shown to reverse endometrial hyperplasia, but its effectiveness and safety in endometrial hyperplasia is uncertain. Objective: To compare the efficacy in terms of histopathological response, clinical response and safety at the end of 6 months in patients with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia managed with levonorgestrel intrauterine system alone versus patients managed with levonorgestrel intrauterine system plus metformin. Methods: The randomized control trial was conducted on 51 cases of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. Twenty-five subjects were prescribed metformin 500mg twice daily with levonorgestrel intrauterine system and 26 subjects, with levonorgestrel intrauterine system only for 6 months. At the end of 6 months, endometrial sampling was performed for histopathological response. Results: Clinical response was observed in 23 of 25 subjects in metformin group and 22 of 24 in levonorgestrel only group. The metformin group responded significantly with amenorrhea (p= 0.0053), while levonorgestrel only group responded with regular cycles (p=0.027). At the end of study, of 46 subjects available for histopathological evaluation, 100% subjects in metformin group and 95.45% in levonorgestrel only group (p=0.47826) showed complete response. The metformin group had a significant reduction in body mass index at end of study [P = 0∙023, 95% confidence interval (-1.7802, -0.1418)]. Conclusion: No significant difference in regression of endometrial hyperplasia was observed on adjunctive use of metformin but a significant reduction in BMI was observed. Use of metformin in obese patients may improve the treatment response.