West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Tobacco Control Policies in Vietnam: Review on MPOWER Implementation Progress and Challenges
1
9
46047
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.1
EN
Hoang Van
Minh
Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
Tran Thu
Ngan
Vu Quynh
Mai
Nguyen Thi
Tuyet My
Le Hong
Chung
Vu Duy
Kien
Tran Tuan
Anh
Nguyen Bao
Ngoc
Vu Van
Giap
Nguyen Manh
Cuong
Pham Duc
Manh
Kim Bao
Giang
Journal Article
1970
01
01
In Vietnam, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) took effect in March<br />2005 while MPOWER has been implemented since 2008. This paper describes the progress and challenges of<br />implementation of the MPOWER package in Vietnam. We can report that, in term of monitoring, Vietnam is very<br />active in the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, completing two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey<br />(GATS) and three rounds of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). To protect people from tobacco smoke,<br />Vietnam has issued and enforced a law requiring comprehensive smoking bans at workplaces and public places<br />since 2013. Tobacco advertising and promotion are also prohibited with the exception of points of sale displays<br />of tobacco products. Violations come in the form of promotion girls, corporate social responsibility activities<br />from tobacco manufacturers and packages displayed by retail vendors. Vietnam is one of the 77 countries that<br />require pictorial health warnings to be printed on cigarette packages to warn about the danger of tobacco and<br />the warnings have been implemented effectively. Cigarette tax is 70% of factory price which is equal to less than<br />45% of retail price and much lower than the recommendation of WHO. However, Vietnam is one of the very<br />few countries that require manufacturers and importers to make “compulsory contributions” at 1-2% of the<br />factory price of cigarettes sold in Vietnam for the establishment of a Tobacco Control Fund (TCF). The TCF is<br />being operated well. In 2015, 67 units of 63 provinces/cities, 22 ministries and political-social organizations and 6<br />hospitals received funding from TCF to implement a wide range of tobacco control activities. Cessation services<br />have been starting with a a toll-free quit-line but need to be further strengthened. In conclusion, Vietnam has<br />constantly put efforts into the tobacco control field with high commitment from the government, scientists and<br />activists. Though several remarkable achievements have been gained, many challenges remain. To overcome<br />those challenges, implementation strategies that take into account the contextual factors and social determinants<br />of tobacco use in Vietnam are needed.
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Methodology for the Global Youth Tobacco Use Survey (GYST), Vietnam, 2014
11
15
46048
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.11
EN
Kim Bao
Giang
Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam
Hoang Van
Minh
Phan Thi
Hai
Doan Thu
Huyen
Luong Ngoc
Khue
Nguyen Thuy
Linh
Nguyen Tuan
Lam
Pham Thi Quynh
Nga
Luu Ngoc
Hoat
Journal Article
1970
01
01
Viet Nam is a country with the highest rate of adult male smokers in the world. In 2010, the percentage<br />of adult male smokers was 47.4%. Each year in Viet Nam, there are 40,000 lives lost from tobacco-related<br />diseases. The Global Tobacco Youth Survey is an international standardized survey that has been conducted in<br />more than 140 countries. To provide evidence for tobacco control, Viet Nam already conducted two rounds of<br />GYTS in 2003 and 2007. The GYTS in 2014 is the survey’s third iteration. This paper aims to document key<br />methodological details and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents included in the 2014 GYTS<br />in Viet Nam. This survey followed international protocol and was conducted in 13 provinces representative of<br />6 geographical regions. A total of 3,430 school children, aged 13 to 15 years used a standardized answer sheet<br />to answer 76 questions about seven tobacco-related topics, including prevalence of tobacco use, environmental<br />tobacco smoke, access and availability, media and advertisement, cessation, knowledge and attitudes, tobaccorelated<br />school curriculum. This GYTS provides valid and reliable data for monitoring tobacco use among youth<br />in Vietnam and is recommended to be regularly repeated.
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Cigarette Smoking among Adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam and Correlates of Current Cigarette Smoking: Results from GYTS 2014 Data
17
23
46049
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.17
EN
Le Thi
Huong
Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam
Nga Thi Thu
Vu
Nguyen Ngoc
Dung
Le Thi Thanh
Xuan
Kim Bao
Giang
Phan Thi
Hai
Doan Thu
Huyen
Luong Ngoc
Khue
Nguyen Tuan
Lam
Hoang Van
Minh
Pham Thi Quynh
Nga
Journal Article
1970
01
01
The aim of this paper is to report the rate of current and ever cigarette smoking and explore correlates of<br />current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam. This analysis was derived from GYTS<br />survey, which comprised of 3,430 adolescents aged 13-15, conducted in 2014 in 13 cities and provinces of Viet<br />Nam. We calculated the weighted rates of current and ever cigarette smoking and reported patterns of smoking<br />behavior. We also performed logistic regression to explore correlates of current cigarette smoking behavior. The<br />weighted rate of ever cigarette smoking was 9.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5 %-10.5%), in which the<br />weighted rate among males (15.4%; 95% CI: 13.6%-17.0%) was higher than that among females (4.2%; 95%<br />CI: 3.3%-5.1%). The weighted rate of current cigarette smoking was relatively low at 2.5% (95%CI: 2.0%-<br />3.0%) with higher weighted rate among males (4.9%; 95% CI: 3.8%-5.9%) compared to the corresponding<br />figure among females (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.0 %-0.5%). Current cigarette smoking was significantly higher among<br />males than females, in students aged 15 versus 13 years old, and in students who had several or all close friends<br />smoking and students with daily observation of smoking at school. For greater smoking reduction outcomes, we<br />recommend that tobacco interventions for adolescents should consider targeting more male students at older<br />ages, establish stricter adherence to school-based banning of cigarette smoking, engage both smoking and nonsmoking<br />adolescents and empower adolescents to resist peer smoking influence as well as changing their norms<br />or beliefs towards smoking benefits.
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Tobacco Access and Availability for Vietnamese School Children (aged 13-15): Results from the Global Youth Tobacco Use Survey (GYTS) 2014 in Viet Nam
25
29
46050
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.25
EN
Le Thi Kim
Anh
Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
Le Thi Kim
Anh
Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
Hoang Van
Minh
Kim Bao
Giang
Phan Thi
Hai
Doan Thu
Huyen
Luong Ngoc
Khue
Nguyen Tuan
Lam
Pham Thi Quynh
Nga
Journal Article
1970
01
01
Efforts to reduce tobacco use among school children need to be based on understanding of access to cigarettes<br />by these subjects because previous studies indicated that enforcement of laws for controlling tobacco sales seems<br />to not affect teen/school children because they can obtain cigarettes from different sources. This paper aims to<br />describe access to and availability of cigarettes among school students (aged 13-15 years old) according to the<br />data from GYTS Vietnam 2014. In GYTS, a national school-based survey of students of grades 8-10, our findings<br />showed that about 15% school children are current smokers who smoke at home, and that they could easily buy<br />cigarettes from stores (63.2%), or someone else (27.8%), or street vendors (9%). Notably, over 85% of school<br />children answered that they were not refused because of their age. This high percentage was nearly the same in<br />the North (85.7%), the Centre (92.5%), and the South (89.7%) of Viet Nam. These findings show that it is quite<br />easy for school children to obtain cigarettes and this is a crucial challenge for policy makers aiming to reduce<br />tobacco use among youth in general and school-age students in particular.
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Access to Anti-smoking Information among School Children and its Potential Impact on Preventing Smoking Initiation: Results from the Global Youth Tobacco Use Survey (GYTS) 2014 in Viet Nam
31
36
46051
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.31
EN
Hoang
Minh
Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
Kim Bao
Giang
Phan Thi
Hai
Trinh Dinh
Hoang
Doan Thu
Huyen
Luong Ngoc
Khue
Nguyen Thuy
Linh
Nguyen Tuan
Lam
Pham Thi Quynh
Nga
Journal Article
1970
01
01
Scientific evidence on all aspects of smoking amongst youth is very important for designing appropriate<br />interventions to reduce smoking among this vulnerable population. This paper describes current access to antismoking<br />information among school children aged 13 to 15 years in Vietnam in 2014 and examines its potential<br />impact on preventing smoking initiation. The data used in this paper were obtained from the 2014 Global Youth<br />Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Vietnam. Students were asked questions about their level of awareness of anti-smoking<br />information from various sources in the past 30 days and about lessons in school regarding the dangers of tobacco<br />use during the last 12 months. Those who have never smoked were asked “whether or not they thought about<br />avoiding cigarettes because of health warnings on cigarette packages” and answers were analyzed in combination<br />with data on access to anti-smoking information from other sources. The prevalence of exposure to antismoking<br />campaigns was high among school children in Viet Nam: 55.3% of current smokers reported thoughts of smoking<br />cessation because of health warnings on cigarette packages; 60.5% of never smokers avoided initiating smoking<br />because of the same health warnings. The potential impact of graphic health warnings to prevent school-aged<br />children from smoking initiation would be stronger if there was concurrent access to anti-smoking programs<br />on the dangers of tobacco use in schools. However, school education for tobacco prevention and control has<br />not been as strong as expected. A more comprehensive school curriculum on tobacco prevention and control is<br />recommended to reinforce antismoking messages among school children.
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Knowledge and Attitude Towards Tobacco Smoking among 13-15 Year-Old School Children in Viet Nam - Findings from GYTS 2014
37
42
46052
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.37
EN
Nguyen Thanh
Huong
Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
Nguyen Thanh
Huong
Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
Kim Bao
Giang
Hoang Van
Minh
Phan Thi
Hai
Doan Thu
Huyen
Luong Ngoc
Khue
Nguyen Thuy
Linh
Nguyen Tuan
Lam
Pham Thi Quynh
Nga
Journal Article
1970
01
01
Studies have shown that smoking is a learnt behavior, often initiated during adolescence. This paper aims<br />to describe tobacco-related knowledge, attitude and associations among school adolescents aged 13-15 with<br />exposure to anti-smoking information. Using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Viet Nam,<br />2014, knowledge was measured through 4 questions about tobacco use, and attitude was assessed through 3<br />questions on personal, social and environmental aspects. Students giving most anti-tobacco responses to all<br />questions were considered as having correct knowledge or appropriate attitude or both. Access to anti-smoking<br />information was determined by exposure to any media messages on tobacco control during the past 30 days<br />and teaching in school about the danger of tobacco use during the past 12 months. A substantial percentage of<br />students thought that being near others who smoke might be harmful to them and smoking is harmful to health<br />(89.4% and 89.6% respectively). However, only 46.4% reported that it is definitely difficult to quit smoking and<br />66.9% thought that smoking for only 1 or 2 years, once stopped, is harmful to health. Slightly more than half of<br />the respondents reported appropriate attitude that young smokers have fewer friends than others and smoking<br />makes them less attractive and less comfortable at social events. Noticing anti-smoking messages in the media<br />together with having lessons in school about the dangers of tobacco substantially increased the likelihood of<br />having correct knowledge, appropriate attitude and both. Despite relatively high awareness about smoking harms,<br />effective educational communication is still highl
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Trends in Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Levels at Home among Viet Nam School Children Aged 13-15 and Associated Factors
43
47
46053
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.43
EN
Nguyen Tuan
Lam
World Health Organization Office in Viet Nam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Nguyen Tuan
Lam
World Health Organization Office in Viet Nam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Hoang Van
Minh
Kim Bao
Giang
Phan Thi
Hai
Doan Thu
Huyen
Nguyen Thuy
Linh
Duong Khanh
Van
Luong Ngoc
Khue
Journal Article
1970
01
01
Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure at home, especially among children, is a serious issue in Viet<br />Nam. During the past decade, much effort has been taken for tobacco control in the country, including various<br />prgorammes aiming to reduce SHS exposure among adults and children. This article analysed trends and<br />factors associated with SHS exposure at home among school children aged 13-15 in Viet Nam, using the Global<br />Youth Tobacco Surveys conducted in 2007 and 2014. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods with logistic<br />regression were applied. Overall, there was a significant reduction in the level of exposure, from 58.5% (95%CI:<br />57.6-59.3) in 2007 to 47.1% (95%CI: 45.4-48.8) in 2014. Of the associated factors, having one or both parents<br />smoking was significantly associated with the highest odds of SHS exposure at home (OR=5.0; 95%CI: 4.2-6.1).<br />Conversely, having a mother with a college or higher education level was found to be a protective factor (OR=0.5;<br />95%CI: 0.3-0.8).
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Exposure to Tobacco Advertising and Promotion among School Children Aged 13-15 in Vietnam - an Overview from GYTS 2014
49
53
46054
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.49
EN
Tran Khanh
Long
Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Phung Xuan
Son
Kim Bao
Giang
Phan Thi
Hai
Doan Thi Thu
Huyen
Luong Ngoc
Khue
Pham Thi Quynh
Nga
Nguyen Tuan
Lam
Hoang Van
Minh
Le Thi Thanh
Huong
Journal Article
1970
01
01
Evidence shows that tobacco advertising and promotion activities may increase tobacco consumption and<br />usage, especially in youth. Despite the regulation on prohibiting advertisement of any tobacco product, tobacco<br />advertisement and promotion activities are still common in Vietnam. This article presents current exposure to<br />tobacco advertising and promotion (TAP) among school children aged 13 to 15 years in Vietnam in 2014 and<br />potential influencing factors. Data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2014 in Vietnam covering 3,430 school<br />aged children were used. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were carried out with Stata 13 statistical<br />software. Binary logistic regression was applied to explain the exposure to TAP among youth and examine<br />relationships with individual factors. A significance level of p<0.05 and sampling weights were used in all of<br />the computations. In the past 30 days, 48.6% of the students experienced exposure to at least 1 type of tobacco<br />advertising or promotion. Wearing or otherwise using products related to tobacco was the most exposure TAP<br />type reported by students (22.3%). The internet (22.1), points of sales (19.2) and social events (11.5) were three<br />places that students aged 13-15 frequently were exposed to TAP. Binary logistic results showed that gender<br />(female vs male) (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.52 - 0.71), susceptibility to smoking (OR = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.53 - 2.92),<br />closest friends’ smoked (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.2 - 1.7) and parents smoking status (OR = 2.83, 95%CI: 1.6 -<br />5.01) were significantly associated with TAP exposure among school-aged children. The research findings should<br />contribute to effective implementation of measures for preventing and controlling tobacco use among students<br />aged 13-15 in Viet Nam.
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Changes in Co-Occurrence of Smoking and Harmful Drinking among Youth: a Study from the Chi Linh Demographic - Epidemiological Surveillance System in Vietnam, 2006-2013
55
63
46055
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.55
EN
Duong Minh
Duc
Hanoi School of Public Health, Ha Noi, Vietnam
Le Thi
Vui
Nguyen Thuy
Quynh
Hoang Van
Minh
Journal Article
1970
01
01
<span style="font-size: small;">Smoking and harmful drinking dramatically increase health risks but little is known about their co-occurrence and factors that influence this co-habit, limiting development and implementation of appropriately targeted prevention interventions. This study was conducted among youth aged 10-24 years old in the Chi Linh Demographic - Epidemiological Surveillance System (CHILILAB DESS). The total numbers in the first, second and third rounds in 2006, 2009 and 2013 were 12,406, 10,211, and 7,654, respectively. A random-effects logit model controlling for both time-variant and time-invariant variables was applied to explore factors associated with current smoking, harmful drinking, and occurrence of smoking and harmful drinking together. We found dramatically increasing trends in current smoking, harmful drinking and co-occurrence among youth. Our results indicate similar health problems among youth in peri-urban areas in Vietnam. Demographic characteristics (older age, being male, being unmarried, and having informal work) appeared to be predictors for smoking and drinking behaviour. Besides, peer and family members had significant influence on smoking, whereas having a close-friend who was smoking was the most important variable. The results suggested that smoking and harmful d rinking should not be solved with separate, stand-alone interventions but rather with integrated efforts. </span>
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Smoke-Free Universities: Changes Since Enactment of Vietnamese Tobacco Control Legislation
65
70
46056
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.65
EN
Nguyen Ngoc
Bich
Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Margaret
Cook
Kelly
Johnstone
Mike
Capra
Vu Thi Hoang
Lan
Journal Article
1970
01
01
<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-size: small;">Background</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">: In 2013, legislation in Vietnam regulated smoking in public areas. Included was a ban on indoor smoking at universities. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Objective</span>: Since awareness and attitude are moderators of the effectiveness of smoke-free policy, ou aim was to assess changes in students’ knowledge and attitude tosecond hand smoke (SHS) and awareness and support of smoke-free legislation at four Vietnamese universities, one year after legislative changes. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Methods</span>: A two-phase cross sectional study of undergraduate students using self-administered questionnaires (based on the Global Adult Tobacco Survey and the Thrasher survey) was conducted at the introduction of the legislation and one year thereafter. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Results</span>: One-year post legislation there were significant increases in knowledge of smoke-free legislation and awareness of universities as smoke-free environments. There was a significant increase in knowledge of harmful effects of SHS on diseases such as examples in the heart and lung, including lung cancer, and miscarriage. Students expressed strong support of smoke-free environments in universities, hospitals, schools, workplaces, public transport, libraries, cinemas and theatres; support was also increased post legislation. Changes were seen in attitude to SHS, and rights of non-smokers and smokers. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Conclusions</span>: Positive changes have occurred in knowledge and attitude toward smoke-free environments and SHS in universities since enactment of Vietnamese tobacco control legislation. </span>
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Changes in Vietnamese Male Smokers’ Reactions Towards New Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Over Time
71
78
46057
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.71
EN
Tran Thu
Ngan
Centre for Population Health Sciences, Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Le Vu
Anh
Nguyen Thi Tuyet
My
Nguyen Ngoc
Bich
Journal Article
1970
01
01
<span style="font-size: small;">Printing of pictorial health warnings (PHWs) on cigarette packages became obligatory by the Vietnam Law on Prevention and Control of Tobacco Harm in May 2013. Literature from high-income countries suggests that PHWs motivate smokers to quit smoking although their long-term effects have been questioned due to reduction of impact over time. This study aimed to assess the salience of PHWs and smokers’ reactions towards PHWs over time. In May 2014 and May 2015, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based household survey was administered to respectively 1,462 and 1,509 Vietnamese male smokers aged 18 to 35. The result showed that salience of the PHWs 2 years after the implementation was higher than at the point of 1 year after the implementation. The proportion of respondents who tried to avoid noting the PHWs was reduced from 35% in wave 1 to 23% in wave 2. However, "Tried to avoid looking/thinking about the PHWs" increased 1.5 times the odds of presenting quit intention compared to those respondents who did not try to avoid looking/thinking about the PHWs (OR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.2–2.0). In conclusion, avoidance regarding PHWs may not work as a barrier when aiming at a higher level of quit intention. Salience of the PHWs may increase in the period shortly after their introduction onto packs but can be expected to decrease with time. In other words, it might be advisable to change or renew PHWs after a period of implementation to maintain their beneficial effects. </span>
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Relative Importance of Different Attributes of Graphic Health Warnings on Tobacco Packages in Viet Nam
79
84
46058
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.79
EN
Kim Bao
Giang
Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam
Le Hong
Chung
Hoang Van
Minh
Vu Duy
Kien
Vu Van
Giap
Nguyen Duc
Hinh
Nguyen Manh
Cuong
Pham Duc
Manh
Ha Anh
Duc
Jui-Chen
Yang
Journal Article
1970
01
01
<span style="font-size: small;">Graphic health warnings (GHW) on tobacco packages have proven to be effective in increasing quit attempts among smokers and reducing initial smoking among adolescents. This research aimed to examine the relative importance of different attributes of graphic health warnings on tobacco packages in Viet Nam. A discrete choice experimental (DCE) design was applied with a conditional logit model. In addition, a ranking method was used to list from the least to the most dreadful GHW labels. With the results from DCE model, graphic type was shown to be the most important attribute, followed by cost and coverage area of GHW. The least important attribute was position of the GHW. Among 5 graphic types (internal lung cancer image, external damaged teeth, abstract image, human suffering image and text), the image of lung cancer was found to have the strongest influence on both smokers and non-smokers. With ranking method, the image of throat cancer and heart diseases were considered the most dreadful images. GHWs should be designed with these attributes in mind, to maximise influence on purchase among both smokers and non-smokers. </span>
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Potential Impact of Graphic Health Warnings on Cigarette Packages in Reducing Cigarette Demand and Smoking-Related Deaths in Vietnam
85
90
46059
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.85
EN
Hoang Van
Minh
Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
Le Hong
Chung
Kim Bao
Giang
Duong Minh
Duc
Nguyen Duc
Hinh
Vu Quynh
Mai
Nguyen Manh
Cuong
Pham Duc
Manh
Ha Anh
Duc
Jui-Chen
Yang
Journal Article
1970
01
01
<span style="font-size: small;">Two years after implementation of the graphic health warning intervention in Vietnam, it is very important to evaluate the intervention’s potential impact. The objective of this paper was to predict effects of graphic health warnings on cigarette packages, particularly in reducing cigarette demand and smoking-associated deaths in Vietnam. In this study, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) method was used to evaluate the potential impact of graphic tobacco health warnings on smoking demand. To predict the impact of GHWs on reducing premature deaths associated with smoking, we constructed different static models. We adapted the method developed by University of Toronto, Canada and found that GHWs had statistically significant impact on reducing cigarette demand (up to 10.1% through images of lung damage), resulting in an overall decrease of smoking prevalence in Vietnam. We also found that between 428,417- 646,098 premature deaths would be prevented as a result of the GHW intervention. The potential impact of the GHW labels on reducing premature smoking-associated deaths in Vietnam were shown to be stronger among lower socio-economic groups. </span>
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
1513-7368
17
S1
2016
05
01
Violation of Bans on Tobacco Advertising and Promotion at Points of Sale in Viet Nam: Trend from 2009 - 2015
91
96
46060
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S1.91
EN
Le Thi Thanh
Huong
Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Tran Khanh
Long
Phung Xuan
Son
Do Phuc
Huyen
Phan Thuy
Linh
Nguyen Ngoc
Bich
Nguyen Xuan
Lam
Le Vu
Anh
Tran Thi
Tuyet-Hanh
Journal Article
1970
01
01
<span style="font-size: small;">Comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promotion were introduced through tobacco control legislation in Viet Nam, but it has been established that violations of the bans are very common. This study was conducted to explore the trend in violations of bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale in Viet Nam in the past six years and to explore any differences in the violation situations before and after the Law on Tobacco Control came into effect on 1st May 2013. Quantitative data were collected through observation of violations of the bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale in 10 provinces throughout Viet Nam in four survey rounds (2009, 2010, 2011, and 2015). Variation in violation prevalence over time was examined by chi-square test using a Bonferini method. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify the factors that may have influences on different types of violation. A level of significance of p<0.05 was used for all tests in this article. The most common form of violation was the display of more than one pack/one carton of a cigarette brand. Violation of bans on tobacco advertising increased while violations on promotion ban and on displaying tobacco decreased through time. Some factors associated with the tobacco advertising and promotion bans included surveyed years, types of points of sale, regions and areas where the points of sale were located. The enforcement of the bans did not improve even after the issuance and the enactment of the Law on Tobacco Control. This suggests that the monitoring and enforcement of bans on tobacco advertising and promotion at points of sale should be strengthened. Penalties should be strictly applied for violators as indicated in the current tobacco control legislation. </span>