p53 Codon 72 Polymorphism Interactions with Dietary and Tobacco Related Habits and Risk of Stomach Cancer in Mizoram, India

Background: This study was carried out to investigate the interaction of p53 codon 72 polymorphism, dietaryand tobacco habits with reference to risk of stomach cancer in Mizoram, India. A total of 105 histologicallyconfirmed stomach cancer cases and 210 age, sex and ethnicity matched healthy population controls wereincluded in this study. Materials and
Methods: The p53 codon 72 polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLPand sequencing. H. pylori infection status was determined by ELISA. Information on various dietary and tobaccorelated habits was recorded with a standard questionnaire.
Results: This study revealed that overall, the Pro/Pro genotype was significantly associated with a higher risk of stomach cancer (OR, 2.54; 95%CI, 1.01-6.40) ascompared to the Arg/Arg genotype. In gender stratified analysis, the Pro/Pro genotype showed higher risk (OR,7.50; 95%CI, 1.20-47.0) than the Arg/Arg genotype among females. Similarly, the Pro/Pro genotype demonstratedhigher risk of stomach cancer (OR, 6.30; 95%CI, 1.41-28.2) among older people (>60 years). However, no suchassociations were observed in males and in individuals <60 years of age. Smoke dried fish and preserved meat(smoke dried/sun dried) consumers were at increased risk of stomach cancer (OR, 4.85; 95%CI, 1.91-12.3and OR, 4.22; 95%CI, 1.46-12.2 respectively) as compared to non-consumers. Significant gene-environmentinteractions exist in terms of p53 codon 72 polymorphism and stomach cancer in Mizoram. Tobacco smokerswith Pro/Pro and Arg/Pro genotypes were at higher risk of stomach cancer (OR, 16.2; 95%CI, 1.72-153.4 andOR, 9.45; 95%CI, 1.09-81.7 respectively) than the non-smokers Arg/Arg genotype carriers. The combination oftuibur user and Arg/Pro genotype also demonstrated an elevated risk association (OR, 4.76; 95%CI, 1.40-16.21).
Conclusions: In conclusion, this study revealed that p53 codon 72 polymorphism and dietary and tobacco habitinteractions influence stomach cancer development in Mizoram, India.