As the recurrence and mortality rates of bladder cancer are high, research is needed to find suitable biomarkersfor early detection, evaluation of prognosis, and surveillance of drug responses. We performed a computerizedsearch of the Medline/PubMed databases with the key words bladder cancer, biomarker, early detection, prognosisand drug response. Several markers were identified at DNA, RNA and protein levels with different sensitivitiesand specificities. Only a few of the potential bladder cancer biomarkers have been approved for clinical use.Efforts now should be concentrated on finding a panel of markers with acceptable sensitivity and specificity forearly detection of bladder cancer.
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