Dietary Nutrient Patterns and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study from Iran

Bahrami, Alireza; Movahed, Mehdi; Teymoori, Farshad; Mazandaranian, Mohammad Reza; Rashidkhani, Bahram; Hekmatdoost, Azita; Hejazi, Ehsan

doi:10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.5.1415

Dietary Nutrient Patterns and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study from Iran

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

¹ Student Research Committee, Department and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

² National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

³ Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.5.1415

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer is the second common cancer in the world. Although some associations between
dietary intakes and prostate cancer have been found, the effects of dietary nutrients interactions have not yet evaluated.
The aim of this study is to assess the association between nutrient patterns and risk of prostate cancer. Methods and
Materials: Ninety-seven patients with prostate cancer and 205 controls were asked about their demographic and dietary
intakes using validated questionnaires. To extract nutrient patterns, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on the
35 nutrient items were applied. Varimax rotation was used for improving interpretation and minimizing correlation
between the factors. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)
of prostate cancer by higher scores on the nutrient patterns. Results: High adherence to the “plant source” pattern was
negatively associated with prostate cancer risk (OR 0.29 for the highest vs. the lowest score tertile; 95% CI= 0.13 – 0.65;
P value for trend:<0.003). Similarly, the “antioxidant and fiber” pattern was associated with decreasing risk of prostate
cancer (OR 0.06 for the highest vs. the lowest score tertile;95% CI=0.02 – 0.19; P value for trend:<0.001). There was
no significant association for the “mixed” and “vitamin and minerals” pattern with risk of prostate cancer. Conclusion:
This study confirms the potential and important role of nutrients on prostate cancer risk. Our finding revealed that
“antioxidant and fiber” and “plant source” pattern is inversely associated with prostate cancer risk; however, further
longitudinal and trial studies are needed to make a firm conclusion.

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