Document Type : Research Articles
Authors
1
Doctoral Program of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
2
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wahid Hasyim University, Semarang, Indonesia.
3
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
4
Department of Environmental Health, Public Health Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
5
Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
6
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
7
Department of Anatomy Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
8
Department of Medicine, Hematology-Medical Oncology Division, School of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to determine the role of beetroot extract in overcoming the chemoresistance of Neoadjuvant Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide (NAC) regimens with a target immune response in the tumour microenvironment at the pre-clinical stage. Methods: This study was conducted on rats with 7,12-Dimethyl Benz (α) Anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary adenocarcinoma. Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide was given in 4 cycles, whereas beetroot extract was administered three times each cycle. Observations of CD8 T cells and Myeloid Derivative Suppressive Cells (MDSC) expression levels and pathological responses were carried out on tumour tissue taken at the end of the observation. Results: Supplementation of beetroot extract to NAC could significantly increase CD8 T cells and decrease MDSC in the tumour microenvironment. The addition of beetroot extract gave a better pathological response. Conclusion: Beetroot extract enhances the immune response in the tumor microenvironment so that it has the potential to overcome chemoresistance in NAC.
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