West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Evaluation of Serologic Changes of IgG and IgM Antibodies Associated with SARS-COV-2 in Cancer Patients: A Cohort Seroprevalence Study166716708962610.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1667ENMaliheh ArabDepartment of Gynecology Oncology, Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran.0000000290715020Somayyeh Noei TeymoordashDepartment of Gynecology Oncology, Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran.0000-0002-0507-5728Maryam TalayehDepartment of Gynecology Oncology, Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran.0000000280058282Behnaz GhavamiObstetrician & Gynecologist, Fellowship of laparoscopy, Tehran, Iran.0000000251921745Abdolreza JavadiDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000000178823582Behnaz NouriDepartment of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000000299404691Journal Article20201201Background: While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spreads, there is increasing evidence to suggest the elevated risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and following morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Serology testing using ELISA proposes major advantages as a diagnostic and preventive tool to control the present SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. This cohort study was to determine the SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in asymptomatic cancer patients. Methods: Patients in all age groups and with any type of cancer who have been in remission or have stable disease and received their latest anticancer therapy over 2 months ago included in the study. All patients were evaluated for COVID-19 symptoms and only asymptomatic patients were enrolled for serologic screening for SARS-CoV-2. Serum samples evaluated serologically for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A total of 168 asymptomatic cancer patients were included in the study. Of the 168 cases with a history of cancer who were asymptomatic for Covid-19, 29 cases (17.26%) had a positive serological test. Conclusion: In conclusion, in the present study asymptomatic cancer patients revealed 17% seropositivity, approximately equal to the general population of the same age, sex, geographic region, and epidemic status. Asymptomatic infections should further be investigated and considered as playing an important role in the COVID-19 transmission chain.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89626_948dbdb63150c8c246c2ebd9c7fde9a3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy of Curcumin/Turmeric for the Prevention and Amelioration of Radiotherapy/Radiochemotherapy Induced Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients167116848963010.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1671ENSreedevi DharmanDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical
Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.0000-0001-6475-0909Maragathavalli GDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical
Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.0000-0002-8108-3607Karpagavalli ShanmugasundaramDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Seema Dental
College and Hospitals, Rishikesh, India.0000-0002-3605-1286Rajesh Kumar SampathDepartment of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.0000-0001-7059-8894Journal Article20210109Background: Oral Mucositis(OM) is an acute debilitating dose limiting toxicity of Radiotherapy/Radiochemotherapy(RT/RCT) in management of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC). Curcumin/Turmeric may reduce OM in patients. Aim: Efficacy of Curcumin/Turmeric for preventing and ameliorating the onset and severity of RT/RCT induced OM was analysed in this review. Methods: A systematic literature search with meta-analysis were performed using Mesh terms in PubMed, Google scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane library and manual searching, articles published from 2010 to April 2021 were included. Clinical trials that studied the efficacy/effects of turmeric / curcumin in management of RT/RCT induced OM in HNC patients were included. Statistical Analysis were done to calculate the pooled Risk ratio at 95%confidence interval with significance at p https://journal.waocp.org/article_89630_19dbf3ae3377927990512d71978cc813.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Breast Cancer Screening in Malaysia: A Policy Review168516938963110.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1685ENMila Nu Nu HtayCentre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysiaa. Department of Community Medicine, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher
Education (MAHE), Melaka, Malaysia.Michael DonnellyCentre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast, UK.Desiree SchliemannCentre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast, UK.Siew Yim LohDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.0000000269248368Maznah DahluiCentre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysiaa.Department of Health
Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.Saunthari SomasundaramNational Cancer Society,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Nor Saleha Binti Ibrahim TaminMinistry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia.Tin Tin SuCentre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysiaa.South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Monash
University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.Journal Article20210112Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer among Malaysian women. The implementation of prevention measures including screening has the potential to reduce the burden of breast cancer which caused by late presentation. Aims: This paper aimed to review the public health policy relating to breast cancer screening in Malaysia that was undertaken in order to contribute to policy development regarding cancer prevention, detection and the improvement of services for Malaysian women. Methods: The policy review strategy included a specific search of the website of the Ministry of Health in Malaysia for relevant policies. In addition, we searched Google and Pubmed for breast cancer screening programmes, policies, and guidelines for women in Malaysia. In addition, experts and stakeholders provided additional resources, published in Malay language. Relevant guidelines in the Malay language were translated into English and included the document review. Results: The policy analysis indicated that although it is known that screening, early detection and diagnosis improve survival rates, delayed diagnosis remains a significant issue. The Ministry of Health policy stipulates the provision of opportunistic mammography screening. However, the uptake is varied, and implementation is challenging due to a lack of awareness about screening and difficulties related to accessing services, especially in rural areas. The establishment and implementation of referral guidelines is essential to receive timely treatment for breast cancer patients. There is a need to enhance the cancer reporting by the doctors to the national cancer registry, in collaboration with government services and the private cancer-care sector to improve the monitoring and evaluation of cancer control policies and programmes. Conclusion: A focus on raising awareness, increasing the accessibility of screening facilities and improving referral processes and the overall connectivity of the cancer care system are key steps to down-staging breast cancer in Malaysia.<br /> https://journal.waocp.org/article_89631_4498e7bed1f5d2f02ed310aa3e369ca8.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601National Data Analysis and Systematic Review for Human Resources for Cervical Cancer Screening in Japan169517028963310.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1695ENChisato HamashimaHealth Policy Section, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo
173-1211, Japan.0000-0003-2585-8479Seiju SasakiCenter for Preventive Medicine, St. Luke’s International Hospital, 8-1 Akashi-cho Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-6591,
Japan.0000-0003-2514-3844Satoyo HosonoCancer Screening Assessment Section, Division of Screening Assessment and Management, Center for Public Health
Science, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Cyuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.0000-0003-2569-0127Keika HoshiCenter for Public Health Informatics, National
Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako 351-0197, Japan. Department of Hygiene, Kitazato University School of Medicine,
1-15-1 Kitazato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374 Japan.0000-0003-1912-0718Takafumi KatayamaCollege of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo
Prefecture, 13-71 Kita-Ohji, Akashi 673-8588, Japan.0000-0002-6971-3274Teruhiko TerasawaSection of General Internal Medicine, Department of Emergency and
General Internal, Medicine, Fujita Medical University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.0000-0002-0975-391XJournal Article20210113Background: Although cervical cancer screening has been performed as a national program since 1983 in Japan, the participation rate has remained below 20%. Equity of access is a basic requirement for cancer screening. However, taking smears from the cervix has been limited to gynecologists or obstetricians in Japan and it might be a barrier for accessibility. We examined the current access and its available human resources for cervical cancer screening in Japan. Methods: We analyzed the number of gynecologists and obstetricians among 47 prefectures based on a national survey. A systematic review was performed to clarify disparity and use of human resources in cervical cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment for cervical cancers in Japan. Candidate literature was searched using Ovid-MEDLINE and Ichushi-Web until the end of January 2020. Then, a systematic review regarding accessibility to cervical cancer screening was performed. The results of the selected articles were summarized in the tables. Results: Although the total number of all physicians in Japan increased from 1996 to 2016, the proportion of gynecologists and obstetricians has remained at approximately 5% over the last 2 decades. 43.6% of municipalities have no gynecologists and obstetricians in 2016. Through a systematic review, 4 English articles and 1 Japanese article were selected. From these 5 articles, the association between human resources and participation rates in cervical cancer screening was examined in 2 articles. Conclusions: The human resources for taking smears for cervical cancer screening has remained insufficient with a huge disparity among municipalities in Japan. To improve accessibility for cervical cancer screening another option which may be considered could be involving general physicians as potential smear takers.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89633_23efdc53e41a94e57f9d03e8f180c333.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601ABO Blood Groups and Its Association with Oral Cancer, Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Submucous Fibrosis– A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis170317128963710.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1703ENAbhinav SinghDepartment of Dentistry, Regional Training Centre for Oral Health Promotion, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, India.0000-0002-8830-9955Bharathi MPurohitDivision of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral
Health Promotion, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.0000000342731699Journal Article20210205Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the association between ABO blood groups and oral cancer, other potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Materials and methods: A search was conducted in Medline, Cochrane databases, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) for studies evaluating ABO blood groups as risk factors for oral cancer and OPMD among cases and controls. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for the meta-analysis. Participants included patients with oral cancer, and OPMD diagnosed using histopathologic investigations. Sub-group analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between blood groups and OSMF. Quality was evaluated using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool. Fixed effects model was used to assess the odds ratio for the association. Results: There were 1352, 414, and 299 cases of oral cancer, OPMD, and OSMF and 11,699, 7382 and 7307 controls for analysis respectively. Blood group A was significantly associated with both oral cancer (Odds ratio: 1.27 [95% CI, 1.10, 1.47], P= 0.001) and OPMD (Odds ratio: 1.33 [95% CI, 1.01, 1.47], P= 0.04). No association was noted between blood group B and AB with oral cancer, OPMD, and OSMF. Blood group O was significantly associated with lower chances of oral cancer (Odds ratio: 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71, 0.93], P= 0.002). Conclusion: Meta-analysis suggests blood group A has a greater risk for developing oral cancer and OPMD. Blood group O was associated with lower chances of oral cancer. No association was noted between ABO blood group system with OSMF.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89637_a100bf0fe53dbce54c7a96e899f6b455.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Curcumin-Galactomannoside Complex inhibits the Proliferation of Human Cervical Cancer Cells: Possible Role in Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis171317208962110.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1713ENRatheesh MDepartment of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India.Svenia PJoseDepartment of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India.Krishnakumar IMR & D Center, Akay Natural Ingredients
Pvt.Ltd, Cochin, India.Sandya SInorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.Sangeeth SajiDepartment of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India.Sheethal SDepartment of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India.Journal Article20200617Background: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer and has the highest morbidity rate of gynaecological malignancies in women worldwide. So, the development of effective anti-cancer agents to treat this condition is vital. Considering the recent interest in free (unconjugated) curcuminoids delivery, the present study investigated the efficacy of a novel food-grade, free-curcuminoids (curcumin-galactomannoside complex; CGM) on cervical cancer cells (HeLa) of human origin. In this study, we examined the anticancer potential of CGM as well as its effects on the cell cycle and the apoptosis of HeLa cancer cell. Methods: Determination of anti-proliferative and apoptosis validation of CGM on HeLa cells was performed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5,-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), acridine orange/propidium iodide and annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate assays. Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, Caspase activities and protein expression experiments were performed to investigate the potential mechanisms of action in the apoptotic process. Results: The cytotoxic assays revealed that the CGM showed inhibition of cell survival and exhibited high cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells at 25 μg/mL. Further studies on morphological changes were done in CGM-treated cervical cancer cells contributing to apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis with Annexin V-FITC and PI staining precisely indicated that CGM induced apoptosis in HeLa cell lines at 25 μg/mL. By the supplementation of CGM showed an increase in Bax and cleaved caspase-8 protein in HeLa cells after 48 h exposure. Conclusion: The evidence obtained from this study suggests that CGM is a potent and promising natural formulation against cervical cancer cells via induction of apoptosis through ROS mediated mitochondrial damage in HeLa cells. Hence, CGM could be further explored as a potential lead in treating cancer.<br /> https://journal.waocp.org/article_89621_81f3b009d1424947cfbdf1403075d0df.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Iron Sulfur Subunit B (SDHB) Immunohistochemistry in Pheochromocytoma, Head and Neck Paraganglioma, Thoraco-Abdomino-Pelvic Paragangliomas: Is It a Good Idea to Use in Routine Work?172117298962210.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1721ENAylin EgeGulHealth Sciences University, Kartal Lutfi Kirdar Research&Traning Hospital, Pathology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.Sevinc HallacKeserHealth Sciences University, Kartal Lutfi Kirdar Research&Traning Hospital, Pathology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.Nagehan OzdemirBarisikHealth Sciences University, Kartal Lutfi Kirdar Research&Traning Hospital, Pathology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.Yesim SalihaGurbuzPathology,
Istınye University Medical Faculty, Turkey.Sibel SensuPathology,
Istınye University Medical Faculty, Turkey.Nusret ErdoganPathology,
Istınye University Medical Faculty, Turkey.Journal Article20200729Background: In this study, we aimed to detect Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Iron Sulfur Subunit B (SDHB) frequency in paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas (PPGL) with immunohistochemistry; compare with Pheochromacytoma of the Adrenal Gland Scaled Score (PASS) classification and analyse the differences between pheochromocytoma (Pheo), head-neck paragangliomas (HNPGL) and thoraco-abdominal-pelvic paraganglioma (TAPPGL) sub-groups. Methods: A total 114 PPGL cases (73 HNPGL, 15 TAPPGL and 27 Pheo belonging to 112 cases) are included. Immunohistochemically, SDHB and Ki-67 are investigated and malignancy risks are determined by PASS classification. Results are assessed statistically with chi-square test and p <0,01 is considered significant.Results: SDHB mutations are observed in 20 of 114 (17.54 %) PPGL cases, 3 (11,12%) of which is Pheo, 12 (16,44) is HNPGL, and 5 (35,71%) is TAPPGL (P <0,02). While 15/82 (18,29%) cases with SDHB mutations do not have a malignancy potential according to PASS classification, 5/32 (15,63%) cases has (p=0,73). TAPPGL, HNPGL and Pheo sub-groups have a significant difference between SDHB expression (p <0,02), malignancy potential according to PASS classification (p <0,0001) and Ki-67 proliferation index (p <0,0001). Conclusion: To identify patients for molecular pathological examination, routine application of SDHB immunohistochemistry to PPGL tumors are suggested especially in HNPGLs.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89622_95a1d33377c370b0ca4f413c8fcf253e.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Clinical Utility of Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence-II in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma173117368965410.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1731ENAbu Bakar Hafeez HBhattiDepartment of Hepato-Pancreatic-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.Kiran NazDepartment of Hepato-Pancreatic-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.Ghazanfar AbbasDepartment of Pathology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad
Pakistan.Nusrat Y KhanDepartment of Hepato-Pancreatic-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.Haseeb H ZiaDepartment of Hepato-Pancreatic-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.Imran N AhmedDepartment of Pathology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad
Pakistan.Journal Article20201012Objective: Despite moderate sensitivity, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used in screening and prognostication for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of the current study was to assess clinical utility of Prothrombin induced by Vitamin K absence-II (PIVKAII) in addition to AFP in patients with HCC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 244 patients with documented AFP, PIVKA II and dynamic imaging of the liver. Using ROC curves, cutoff values for AFP and PIVKAII for HCC detection, tumor grade and microvascular invasion (MVI) were assessed. In patients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) for HCC, survival was determined using Kaplan Meier curves. Results: The median PIVKAII in healthy living donors was 28.6mAU/ml (15.9-55). In cirrhotics, the sensitivity of an AFP cutoff of 7.6 ng/ml or PIVKAII cutoff of 250 mAU/ml for HCC detection was 91.7% (176/192) and specificity was 62.9%(68/108) (p <0.0001). In patients with HCC, PIVKAII values were significantly elevated with tumor size > 5 cm (P < 0.0001), tumor nodules > 3(P=0.01), and macrovascular invasion(p <0.0001). The high risk group (patients with AFP ≥ 40 ng/ml + PIVKAII ≥ 350 mAU/ml), had a sensitivity of (23/33) 69.6% and specificity of (22/22)100% for MVI (P <0.001). The estimated 3 year RFS after LT in the low risk group (AFP https://journal.waocp.org/article_89654_7d6011cec93376e87fbf04b315ce82d3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Health Literacy, Knowledge, and Risk Factors for Fatty Liver Disease among Asian American and Pacific Islanders and Latinos in Los Angeles173717448962310.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1737ENMinh PNguyenUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.0000-0001-9665-7629Aryana TAmoonUCLA Center for Cancer Prevention and
Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.Lucia LeeUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.Vincent ChiangUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.Kourtney NhamUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.Aleck QiSunUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.Matthew JiUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.Phil SundinUCLA Center for Cancer Prevention and
Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesRoshan BastaniUCLA Center for Cancer Prevention and
Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.UCLA Department of
Health Policy and Management and UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Fielding School of Public Health, Los
Angeles, CA, United States.Yvonne NicoleFloresUCLA Center for Cancer Prevention and
Control Research, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.UCLA Department of
Health Policy and Management and UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Fielding School of Public Health, Los
Angeles, CA, United States.Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Morelos, Instituto Mexicano del
Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP México, United States.0000-0002-0601-357XJournal Article20201025Background: Fatty liver disease (FLD) is associated with increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with rising rates of diabetes and obesity. The prevalence of FLD is rising among Asian American and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) and Latinos. This study examined health literacy, knowledge, and risk factors for FLD among AAPIs and Latinos in Los Angeles. Methods: Data from in-person interviews and clinical measures (body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and blood pressure) were obtained from adults aged 18-82 years at four health fairs from November 2018 to March 2019. Interviews assessed knowledge about FLD, access to health resources, and satisfaction with current physician. Correct responses to knowledge questions were summed to generate a FLD knowledge score. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between knowledge score and age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results: A total of 102 subjects were AAPI and 33 were Latino. Over 65% of participants had heard of FLD but demonstrated limited knowledge about FLD. Only 24% of subjects reported receiving FLD resources in their preferred language. Most subjects failed to identify several risk factors and key symptoms of FLD. Mean knowledge score for subjects who had heard of FLD was 7.58 (95% CI 7.15-8.01) out of a possible 16 points, and for those who had not who had not heard of FLD it was 5.71 (5.00-6.42) (p <0.0001). Conclusions: A lack of culturally competent resources and effective communication strategies between physicians and patients regarding FLD contributes to a lower awareness about the increased risk of FLD among AAPIs and Latinos. Future studies should investigate optimal methods to educate these communities about FLD and its associations with HCC.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89623_b06dba44ed2f60c64ae25b4083563a95.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Effects of Gallic Acid on Endometrial Cancer Cells in Two and Three Dimensional Cell Culture Models174517518962410.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1745ENMuhammet VolkanBulbulDepartment of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. Research
Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.0000-0003-1526-2065Seda KarabulutDepartment of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. Research
Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.0000000333025004Mervenur KalenderDepartment of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. Research
Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.0000-0002-0885-3417Ilknur KeskinDepartment of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. Research
Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.0000000270591884Journal Article20201107Background and Aim: Cell culture studies are an indispensable tools used to understand basic physiological, biophysical and biomolecular mechanisms. Although traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models are more preferred in experimental studies, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models, attract more attention due to several advantages including mimicking tumor physiology, biochemistry and biomechanics. We aimed to investigate the effects of Gallic Acid, an antimutagenic, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic agent, on both 2D and 3D cultured endometrial cancer cells for the first time. Methods: IC50 values were determined in 2D and 3D cultured endometrial cancer cells exposed to different doses of GA. In the 2D culture model exposed to GA, Caspase 3 expression levels were analyzed. In addition, the effect of GA on the migration of 2D cultured endometrium cancer cells was investigated. Results: IC50 value in the 3D model was found significantly higher than the 2D model. In 2D culture model, Caspase 3 expression and apoptosis was increased significantly in cells of GA exposed group compared to the control group. GA did not have a significant effect on the migration profile of cells. Conclusion: Gallic Acid is shown to induce apoptosis in Ishikawa cells via Caspase 3 activation. We demonstrated a significantly higher IC50 level in 3D model which provide evidence to prefer 3D models in drug-test trials. The data obtained in the current study will provide a basis for further experiments to analyze the effects of GA on endometrial cancer and to develop strategies for clinical treatment.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89624_44b05343d12f18eb92590e3e63fa2913.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601A Sociological Analysis and Exploration of Factors Associated with Commercial Preparations of Smokeless Tobacco Use in Sri Lanka175317598962510.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1753ENMohamed MaheesDepartment of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.0000- 0002-3719-320Hemantha KumaraAmarasingheFamily Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Colombo,
Sri Lanka.0000 0002 3925 7888Udaya UsgodaararachchiNational Cancer Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Indigenous Medicine, Narahenpita, Colombo, Sri Lanka.0000-0002-1367-9927Nilantha RatnayakeOffice of the Provincial Director of Health Services, Western province, Maligawatte, Colombo 11, Sri Lanka.0000-0002-7596-4459W M TilakaratneDepartment of
Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ma-laya, Malaysia.Suresh ShanmuganathanOMF Unit, General Hospital,
Kalutara.0000-0002-6721-5247Sajeeva RanaweeraExpert Committee on Tobacco, Alcohol and Illicit drugs, Sri Lanka Medical Association, Sri Lanka.0000-0001-5034-5021Palitha AbeykoonWorld Health
Organization, Country Office, Sri Lanka.0000-0003-0545-3829Journal Article20201117Background: Use and addiction to commercial preparation of Smokeless Tobacco (CPSLT) is creating new socio-cultural issues and health challenges in Sri Lanka. The objective of this sociological study is to investigate and analyse the socio-cultural factors that influence CPSLT use Sri Lanka to enable development of effective interventions. Methods: This is a qualitative study for which data was collected through in-depth interviews in selected groups that use CPSLT. Thirty-five interviews were carried out in seven of the 24 districts in the country representing urban, rural, plantation communities and different livelihood and ethnic, gender and age groups in the year 2016. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used for selecting interviewees. The data was analysed by using qualitative data analysis techniques and sociological perspectives. Results: This study reveals that the CPSLT use has integrated with the culture of several sociological and livelihood groups. Products such Thool (tobacco powder) and Maawa (dried areca-nut with flaked tobacco and some flavoured chemicals) were identified as the most popular forms of CPSLT. Use of CPSLT has developed as a silent sub-culture specific to several social and livelihood groups. The informal CPSLT industry operating in the urban and sub-urban areas is influencing the school children and youth engaged in sports. Different groups of users express different reasons and justifications for its use. Conclusion: Use of CPSLT is closely integrated with the day to-day lifestyle and values of people of specific groups. and is an unseen part of life. Therefore, interventions will be urgently required to control the use of CPSLT to prevent its significant health impacts, considering the different contexts, symbolisms and justifications of its among the different groups. <br /> https://journal.waocp.org/article_89625_dbdc22a326241c562d98df17c8f71ca7.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Antimicrobial and Histological Data Effect of Silybum marianum and Suaeda vermiculata Against Doxorubicin Induced Toxicity in Male Rats176117668965210.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1761ENSarah SamirOthmanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Bioproducts Research, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of
Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.Safaa MohamedAliDepartment of Nucleic Acid
Research, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications,
New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.0000-0001-9850-0174Journal Article20201121Objective: Silybum marianum and Suaeda vermiculata are popular plants wealthy in cancer prevention agents. There is no enough research on both plants since they are not available in many places. They are widely spread in Egypt. Methods: This research was performed to estimate their antimicrobial effect as well as their hepatoprotective effect against strong drugs inducing oxidative stress such as doxorubicin which may be a chemotherapeutic operator utilized to treat different sorts of cancer and demonstrated to be hepatotoxic medicate. Six bunches of male Wistar rats were utilized (control, Silybum marianum extricate, Suaeda vermiculata extricate, doxorubicin, Silybum marianum extricate additionally doxorubicin and Suaeda vermiculata extricate additionally doxorubicin). Results: Our data confirmed the effective antimicrobial effect of both plants and also the hepatoprotective effect against oxidative damage. Both plants are highly recommended as natural supplements by patients treated by different drugs inducing oxidative stress whereas; Milk thistle was proved to be stronger hepatoprotective herb.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89652_6b3367be184a6865c0e6a81708356d45.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Breast Cancer Information Behaviours and Needs among Singapore Women: A Qualitative Study176717748962710.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1767ENLavinia LinSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.0000-0003-0730-4237Wee Ling KohNational University of Singapore, Singapore.Qing HuangSingapore Cancer Society, Singapore.0009-0000-4943-8802Jeong Kyu LeeSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.Journal Article20201202Background: There is growing evidence on cancer communication and its impact on cancer-related health outcomes; however, little is known about how women gain access to and use breast cancer information in the multi-ethnic Asian context. This paper aimed to explore the breast cancer information acquisition behaviours and needs among Singapore women who attended a community-based health organisation for mammography screening. Methods, design and setting: Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 37 racially diverse, aged 50 and above women, who have received mammography screening within the past two years. The interviews were conducted at either the Singapore Cancer Society Clinic or participant’s home. Results: Although cancer information scanning was more prevalent than information seeking (91.9% vs. 62.2%), those who purposively seek information exhibited a higher knowledge level of breast cancer. The most commonly cited sources for information scanning were friends, television and family, and for information seeking were the Internet, pamphlets from a healthcare organisation/ public authority, and healthcare providers. Singapore women were well-informed about the benefits of mammogram; however, specific knowledge, such as modifiable risk factors, reasons for different screening options and the trade-off between harm and benefit, was still lacking which led to confusion about screening. Conclusion: Breast cancer health educational materials should provide clear and balanced information to give women a more accurate or realistic expectation about mammography screening. Study findings provide important implications for breast cancer education and programs to move beyond simply raising awareness and craft specific informative messages addressing the needs of the target group. <br /> https://journal.waocp.org/article_89627_10f06ac5add2cbb8990d3d0621d2e039.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Cognitive Perception among Post-Chemotherapy, Non-Chemotherapy Breast Cancer Survivors and Non-Cancer177517808962810.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1775ENHilman SyarifDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.Agung WaluyoMedical Surgical
Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, East Java, Indonesia.Yati AfiyantiMaternity Department, Faculty of
Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, East Java. Indonesia.Journal Article20201223Objective: This study aims to compare the cognitive function perceived by post-chemotherapy breast cancer survivors, breast cancer survivors without chemotherapy, and non-cancer woman patients. Methods: This study was conducted by a descriptive comparative method. The respondents consisted of 82 survivors of post-chemotherapy breast cancer, 81 non-chemotherapy breast cancer survivors, and 80 non-cancer woman patients who were recruited using consecutive sampling. The data were collected from October until December 2017 by using a FACT-Cog version 3 questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by using a comparative test of Kruskal-Wallis followed by a Mann-Whitney posthoc analysis. Results: The results showed that the median of cognitive function perception in breast cancer survivors post-chemotherapy, non-chemotherapy, and non-cancerous women are 94 (52-122), 113 (53-130), and 121 (69-132), respectively. Mann-Whitney’s post-hoc analysis showed a significantly different perception of cognitive function between post-chemotherapy survivors and non-chemotherapy survivors; also between post-chemotherapy survivors and non-cancer women, and between non-chemotherapy survivors with non-cancer women. Conclusion: Perceived cognitive impairment, comments from others, perceived cognitive abilities, and effects on quality of life in breast cancer survivors who received chemotherapy are significantly different as compared to the survivor group without chemotherapy and non-cancerous healthy women.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89628_b6137abc2f90a708cead3b8fb76c2942.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Evaluation of Twenty Genes in Prognosis of Patients with Ovarian Cancer Using Four Different Clustering Methods178117878962910.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1781ENSaeedeh PourahmadBioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Department of
Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Somayeh ForoozaniDepartment of
Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Mehdi NourelahiDepartment of computer Science, University
of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.Ahmad HosseiniShiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran.Mahboobeh RazmkhahShiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran.Journal Article20210106Background: Comparison of gene expression algorithms may be beneficial for obtaining disease pattern or grouping patients based on the gene expression profile. The current study aimed to investigate whether the knowledge within these data is able to group the ovarian cancer patients with similar disease pattern. Methods: Four different clustering methods were applied on 20 genes expression data of 37 women with ovarian cancer. All selected genes in this study had prominent roles in the control of the activity of the immune system, as well as the chemotaxis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and etc. Comparison of different clustering methods such as K-means, Hierarchical, Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) and Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm was the other aim of the present study. In addition, the percentage of correct prediction, Robustness-Performance Trade-off (RPT), and Silhouette criteria were used to evaluate the performance of clustering methods. Results: Six out of 20 genes (IFN-γ, Foxp3, IL-4, BCL-2, Oct4 and survivin) selected by the Laplacian score showed key roles in the development of ovarian cancer and their prognostic values were clinically and statistically confirmed. The results indicated proper capability of the expression pattern of these genes in grouping the patients with similar prognosis, i.e. patients alive after 5 years or dead (62.12%). Conclusion: The results revealed the better performance for k-means and hierarchical clustering methods, and confirmed the fact that by using the expression profile of these genes, patients with similar behavior can be grouped in the same cluster with acceptable accuracy level. Certainly, the useful information from these data may contribute to the prediction of prognosis in ovarian cancer patients along with other features of patients.<br /> https://journal.waocp.org/article_89629_d96869ceec067cefe73652d51265db29.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601“I Just Went for the Screening, But I Did Not Go for the Results”. Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening and Vaccination among Females at Oyibi Community178917978963210.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1789ENEvans AppiahOseiSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Nursing, Valley View University, Ghana.0000-0002-6730-4725Amertil PNinonSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Nursing, Valley View University, Ghana.Judith EGaogliSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Nursing, Valley View University, Ghana.Ezekiel OtiBoadiSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Nursing, Valley View University, Ghana.Journal Article20210113Background: Cervical cancer screening and vaccination practices is reported to have low coverage in most developing countries. It has been reported that most women are aware of cervical cancer screening and vaccination worldwide. Nevertheless, the rate at which women participate in cervical cancer screening and vaccination was found to be low both locally and internationally. Consequently, in sub-Saharan Africa, cervical cancer screening programs have poor coverage. The aim of this study was to explore the practices of cervical cancer screening and vaccination among females at Oyibi community. Methods: The researchers employed a qualitative exploratory design to recruit 35 participants put into five Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Five FGDs were formed with seven (7) members in each group. The members were purposely recruited. The sample size was based on data saturation. Data was retrieved using a semi-structured interview guide. The researchers served as moderators in the group. Results: Two (2) main themes with Eight (8) subthemes were generated from the data analysis. The themes were; (cervical cancer screening and vaccination practices), and (perceived benefits of cervical cancer screening and vaccination). The subthemes that emerged were as follows: types of cervical screening and vaccination done by participants, experiences during cervical cancer screening, experiences during cervical cancer vaccination, decision to go for cervical cancer screening and vaccination, willingness to recommend cervical cancer screening and vaccination to other women, early detection of cervical cancer through early screening, benefits of cervical cancer vaccination, and willingness to receive cervical cancer vaccine. The study also revealed that most of the women who had done the screening and vaccination were young (19-29 years). Conclusion: The results from the study indicated that the participants’ utilization of cervical cancer screening and vaccination were poor although they were conscious of the benefits of cervical cancer screening and vaccination and were willing to recommend it to their relatives and their loved ones. <br /> https://journal.waocp.org/article_89632_b05b50548ca193a57e92a8f316eb4f5a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Analysis of Nuclear Encoded Mitochondrial Gene Networks in Cervical Cancer179918118965910.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1799ENCecile MeneurDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India. La Rochelle University, Avenue Albert Einstein, 17031, La Rochelle, France.Sangavi EswaranDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.Divya AdigaDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.Sriharikrishnaa SDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.Nadeem KhanGDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.Sandeep MallyaDepartment
of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.Sanjiban ChakrabartyDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.0000-0002-6018-8098Shama Prasada KabekkoduDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.0000-0002-4158-3893Journal Article20210125Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common female cancers in many developing and underdeveloped countries. High incidence, late presentation, and mortality suggested the need for molecular markers. Mitochondrial defects due to abnormal expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (NEMG) have been reported during cancer progression. Nevertheless, the application of NEMG for the prognosis of CC is still elusive. Herein, we aimed to investigate the associations between NEMG and CC prognosis. Materials and Methods: The differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the TCGA-CESC dataset and NEMGs were retrieved from TACCO and Mitocarta2.0 databases, respectively. The impact of methylation on NEMG expression were predicted using DNMIVD and UALCAN tools. HCMDB tool was used to predict genes having metastatic potential. The prognostic models were constructed using DNMIVD, TACCO, GEPIA2, and SurvExpress. The functional enrichment analysis (FEA) was performed using clusterProfiler. The protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) was constructed to identify the hub genes (HG) using String and CytoHubba tools. Independent validation of the HG was performed using Oncomine and Human Protein Atlas databases. The druggable genes were predicted using DGIdb. Results: Among the 52 differentially expressed NEMG, 15 were regulated by DNA methylation. The expression level of 16, 10, and 7 has the potential for CC staging, prediction of metastasis, and prognosis. Moreover, 1 driver gene and 16 druggable genes were also identified. The FEA identified the enrichment of cancer-related pathways, including AMPK and carbon metabolism in cancer. The combined expression of 10 HG has been shown to affect patient survival. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the abnormal expression of NEMGs may play a critical role in CC development and progression. The genes identified in our study may serve as a prognostic indicator and therapeutic target in CC.<br /> https://journal.waocp.org/article_89659_5f7aa8dd0503fac064653539bf166189.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Awareness of Common Cancer Risk Factors and Symptoms in Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Study181318198963410.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1813ENMaaidah AlgamdiDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia.Analita GonzalesDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia.Ehab FarahDepartment of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20210127Objective: To assess the level of cancer awareness and the relationship between the awareness of common cancer symptoms and risk factors and the sample’s sociodemographic profile. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Tabuk city, a convenient sample of 675 participants completed a questionnaire about common factors causing cancer and symptoms related to cancer. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared analysis were used to measure sample characteristics and their association with knowledge of cancer risk factors and symptoms. Results: Level of education and family history were significantly related to awareness of cancer risk factors (P= 0.017) and (P= 0.048), respectively. Factors were significantly associated with awareness of cancer symptoms include Gender (P=0.000), nationality (P=0.013), and undergoing regular cancer screening tests (0.008). Internet was the primary source of information about cancer and related significantly to knowledge about cancer symptoms(P=0.000) and risk factors(P=0.00). More than half of the sample scored poorly for knowledge of both cancer risk factors (58.7%) and symptoms (66.2%) in terms of the overall level of cancer awareness. Smoking and heredity were the most identifiable cancer risk factors, and unexplained pain and weight loss were identified by the majority of study participants. Conclusion: The level of community knowledge requires further investigation, and more cancer awareness programs need to be conducted. People could be encouraged to use reliable sources of information to obtain accurate cancer information.<br /> https://journal.waocp.org/article_89634_b46a4ea4b60237c76e434d78bec8f177.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Predictive Value of Interferon γ Receptor Gene Polymorphisms for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Susceptibility182118268963510.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1821ENSalah ArefDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Haematology Unit, Mansoura University Oncology Centre, Mansoura University, Egypt.
Mansoura University Oncology Center Laboratories; Mansoura University; Egypt.0000-0002-4822-5204Aymen ZakiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mansoura
Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.Essam MostafaEl MahdiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mansoura
Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.Eman AdelMansoura University Oncology Center Laboratories; Mansoura University; Egypt.Monier BahgatDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mansoura
Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.Enas GoudaDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Haematology Unit, Mansoura University Oncology Centre, Mansoura University, Egypt.Journal Article20210130Background: Recent reports suggested relation between Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) gene polymorphism and the risk of development of HCC on top of hepatic cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to address the predictive value of Interferon Gamma gene receptor (IFN-γR) polymorphisms for the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma on top of liver cirrhosis. Patients and Methods: This is a case control study performed on patients selected from the outpatient hepatology clinic, specialized medical hospital, Mansoura University, Egypt, from August 2017 to February 2019. The included patients were categorized into two groups; 60 patients with HCC on top of cirrhosis and 20 patients with hepatic cirrhosis. For all patients IFN-γR polymorphism was identified by RFLP. Results: Our study showed that HCC patients had male predominance. Additionally, diabetes mellitus (DM) was found in 28.3% of total HCC patients. Half of HCC patients in this study were from rural areas (50%). The frequency of AA at position -611 in the IFN-γR (-611 IFN-γR) was significantly higher in the HCC group as compared to cirrhotic group (P=0.021). Moreover; the frequency of CC and CT genotypes of IFN-γR -56 was not significantly different in HCC group as compared to control group (P>0.05). The IFN-γR (-611 IFN-γ) AA genotype significantly increased risk of HCC (OR= 0.78, 95% CI= 0.10-6.39; P= 0.042). Conclusion: The analysis of IFN-γR -611 single nucleotide gene polymorphism could be a valuable marker for predicting subgroup of cirrhotic patients with high risk of developing HCC. Cirrhotic patients have AA genotype of IFN-γR-611 recommended to be under close follow up.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89635_a4a447ea4717403fadb25691e2dbc7c7.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601CCA-1.1, a Novel Curcumin Analog, Exerts Cytotoxic anti- Migratory Activity toward TNBC and HER2-Enriched Breast Cancer Cells182718368963610.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1827ENDhania NovitasariCancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-5661-8841Riris IstighfariJenieCancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah
Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-0230-6260Rohmad YudiUtomoCancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0003-4803-9417Jun Ya KatoLaboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Nara Institute of
Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan.0000-0003-2321-1700Edy MeiyantoCancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah
Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-0886-6322Journal Article20210201Objective: Chemoprevention curcumin Analog-1.1 (CCA-1.1) demonstrates antineoplastic effect toward cancer cells. By using triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), 4T1, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched metastatic cells (MCF-7/HER2), we evaluate the cytotoxic and antimigration activities from CCA-1.1. Methods: The cytotoxic activities from a single treatment of CCA-1.1 and in combination with doxorubicin were determined through MTT assay. We also calculated the selectivity index and combination index of CCA-1.1 from the cytotoxic data. Migrating cells were evaluated using wound healing assay, and the MMP2 and MMP9 secretion levels were determined through gelatin zymography. Results: As hypothesized, CCA-1.1 performed cytotoxic activity during treatment in 4T1 and MCF-7/HER2 cancer cells with good selectivity (Selectivity Index >2). In addition, CCA-1.1 demonstrated a synergistic effect in combinatorial treatment with a low dose of doxorubicin. A single treatment of CCA-1.1 repressed cell migration in 4T1 and MCF-7/HER2 cells. Under gelatin zymography, CCA-1.1 subsided the activities of MMP-9, thereby revealing the potency of CCA-1.1 as an anti-migratory agent. Moreover, MMP-9 was also eminently expressed in TNBC and HER2-enriched breast cancer cells when compared with that in other subtypes. Conclusion: Our preliminary study collectively reinforces the potential effect of CCA-1.1 through the inhibition of highly aggressive cell migration, particularly in breast cancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89636_331e6fc95be5b3358a02fdb46da41f42.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Protein Profile of Human Saliva as a Predictive and Prognostic Tool for OSCC in Tamol Chewer’s Population in Assam183718418965510.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1837ENLhakit LepchaDepartment of Pathology , Assam Downtown University, India.Manash PSarmaAssam Down Town University Panikhaiti, Assam, India.Amal CKatakiDirector Dr. Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute Guwahati, Assam, India.Wankupar WankharDepartment of Pathology , Assam Downtown University, India.B GUnniAssam Down Town University Panikhaiti, Assam, India.Journal Article20210209Objective: To identify potential proteomic salivary biomarker in tamol chewers and comparing it to healthy and Oral squamous cell carcinoma cases. Methods: A total of fifty unstimulated saliva samples were collected from the healthy volunteers, tamol chewers (without tobacco), and OSCC patients referred to North-East cancer Hospital, Jorabat, Assam, India. The 2-D gel analysis and western blotting were performed to analyze protein profiling. Results: The identified proteins were serum albumin, HSP (Heat shock protein) 27, gamma actin, SCC (Squamous cell carcinoma) 1, and Annexin A4. All the proteins were associated with OSCC development when their values were compared with those of normal healthy subjects. HSP27 was subjected to further validation using western blotting methods. An increase of 18.39% (Serum Albumin), 15.04% (gamma actin), 14.01% (SSC 1), and 20.22% (ANX4) were observed in Tamol chewers when compared with healthy control subjects. Conclusion: Our results revealed that the identified salivary proteins have a positive association with OSCC development. Profiling of these saliva proteomes especially HSP (Heat shock protein) 27 as a potential biomarker for OSCC detection in the high-risk population is recommended.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89655_3faed94c5a1bef518497f72b73832349.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Prevalence and Risk Factors of Human Papillomavirus Infection among Japanese Female People: A Nationwide Epidemiological Survey by Self-Sampling184318498963810.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1843ENTadaichi KitamuraJapanese Foundation for Sexual Health Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.Motofumi SuzukiDepartment of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital,
Tokyo, Japan.0000-0003-2552-1964Kazuyoshi ShigeharaDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.0000-0002-2118-9135Kazuko FukudaThe Postgraduate Course,
Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.Journal Article20210212Background: Nationwide epidemiological surveys of behavioral factors and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among Japanese women are scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, genotype distribution, and significant predictive factors of HPV infection using self-collected vaginal samples from Japanese female people. Methods: The study population consisted of 1,050 female subjects aged 16–75 years (median 30 years). The participants were asked to provide self-collected samples from the vaginal wall using cotton swabs for genotyping of HPV. We compared the participants’ characteristics and detected HPV genotypes to determine significant predictors of HPV infection. Results: After excluding 47 participants (34 participants of unknown age, 11 virgin participants, 1 participant who engaged in sex with another woman, and 1 participant who did not undergo β-globin detection), 1,003 participants were included in the analysis. Of the 1,003 participants, 426 (42.5%) participants had at least one HPV genotype, 282 (28.1%) participants had high-risk HPV genotypes, 306 (30.5%) had low-risk HPV genotypes, and 162 (16.2%) participants had both HPV genotypes. HPV-16/18 positivity was found in 5.4% (54/1,003) participants. The most frequently detected high-risk HPV genotype was HPV-52 (86/1,003; 8.6% participants). The number of lifetime sex partners (≥6) and a present history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) were significant predictors of high-risk HPV infection. The number of lifetime sex partners (≥6), age of coitarche (≥20 years of age), unmarried status, and a present history of STI were significant predictors of low-risk HPV infection. Conclusions: The prevalence of high-risk and low-risk HPV infection among Japanese female subjects was 28.1% and 30.5%, respectively. The number of lifetime sex partners (≥6) and present history of sexually transmitted infection were the common significant predictors of high-risk and low-risk HPV infection.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89638_718b958470615eb3ceeafb4e8064d659.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Evaluation of Micronuclei and Cytomorphometric Changes in Patients with Different Tobacco Related Habits Using Exfoliated Buccal Cells185118558963910.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1851ENSivakumar KokilaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode,
Namakkal, India.0000000260081055Harikrishnan PrasadDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode,
Namakkal, India.0000-0002-9026-9462Muthusamy RajmohanDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode,
Namakkal, India.0000-0002-5959-0805Kenniyan Kumar SrichinthuDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode,
Namakkal, India.0000-0002-6188-3885Loganathan MahalakshmiDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode,
Namakkal, India.Sivanandhan ShanmuganathanDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode,
Namakkal, India.0000-0001-7232-4707Perumal PremaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode,
Namakkal, India.0000-0002-2005-1644Journal Article20210220Background: Tobacco is one of the main reasons behind the occurrence of oral cancer. Oral cancer, even though being the tenth most common cancer in the world, gets diagnosed at an advanced stage and ends up with poor prognosis. So early diagnosis is the need of the hour. Our study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic changes in patients with different tobacco habits using buccal exfoliated cells. Methods: Buccal smears were taken from smokers (30), smokeless tobacco users (30), combined tobacco users (30) and controls (30) with clinically normal oral mucosa. All the smears were stained with Papanicolaou stain and Feulgen stain and viewed under light microscope for the evaluation of mean number of micronuclei, mean micronuclei per cell, frequency of cells showing micronuclei, nuclear area, cytoplasmic area, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. Results: Mean number of micronuclei, mean micronuclei per cell, frequency of cells showing micronuclei, and nuclear area were significantly increased in tobacco users than controls, especially in combined tobacco users. Nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio was increased and cytoplasmic area was decreased in tobacco users than controls. Conclusion: Tobacco in any consumable form is genotoxic. Smoking and smokeless tobacco, when consumed together, synergistically causes higher genetic damage. Different tobacco habits have different deleterious effects on oral mucosa, and these effects are more pronounced when the patients have combined habits. So, detecting the genotoxic changes through exfoliative cytology can be used as a simple yet reliable marker for early detection of carcinogenesis.<br /> https://journal.waocp.org/article_89639_fa230b9cefe7ca8782ba9168d5c86a2d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601The Use of Herbal Therapy to Improve the Quality of Life among Cancer Patients in the Southern Region of Peninsular Malaysia185718638965610.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1857ENAisyah BintiAliClinical Research Centre Hospital Sultan Ismail, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.Nurul Huda RazaliClinical Research Centre Hospital Sultan Ismail, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.Neo Suk XianTraditional and Complementary
Unit, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.Chee Yong SungTraditional and Complementary
Unit, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.Journal Article20210223Objective: To investigate the impact of herbal therapy on the quality of life (QoL) among cancer patients and to evaluate the relationship of QoL with age, gender, cancer stage, cancer type, and history of conventional treatment.Methodology: A prospective study was targeted on cancer patients receiving herbal therapy from a Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM) clinic in a public hospital from 1st January 2016 to 31st August 2018. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTCQLQ-C30) was distributed to the patients prior to herbal therapy (baseline) and after the sixth and twelfth week of herbal therapy. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: The majority of the patients were females (60.0%) and were from the Chinese ethnic group (77.4%) with a mean age of 58.72 ± 12.17 years. Approximately 42.4% of patients were in advanced cancer stages at the time of study and 60.7% of patients had undergone radiotherapy before receiving herbal therapy. The most commonly prescribed herbs were Bai Hua She She Cao (90.6%) and Zhen Ren Huo Ming Yin (57.6%). Significant differences in mean score were observed in global health status, overall functional scales, and symptom scales after the sixth and twelfth week of receiving herbal therapy. QoL in terms of global health status and overall functional scales improved with higher scores while symptom scales recorded a lower score after twelve weeks of receiving herbal therapy in the T&CM clinic. Herbal therapy has a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the improvement of QoL of cancer patients. However, gender, cancer stage, cancer type, age, history of radiotherapy, and history of chemotherapy has no effect (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Herbal therapy did improve the QoL of cancer patients in the southern region of Peninsular Malaysia.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89656_191f2f75053f72a48e7c5ab610549643.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Factors Related to a Smoke-free Home Status: A Parental Report186518688964010.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1865ENNirun IntarutHealth Systems Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Muang, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.0000-0002-1068-4843Journal Article20210223Purpose: The household smoking ban is one potential strategy for reducing exposure to second-hand smoke at home. There is little information about whether concurrent alcohol and tobacco use are related to a smoking ban at home. This study aimed to examine the association between concurrent alcohol and tobacco use with the household smoking ban strategy as reported by the parents of schoolchildren. Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional study that surveyed schoolchildren at 9 schools (grades 6 to 8). A self-administered questionnaire was sent out to the parents of 1,335 schoolchildren. Household smoking ban status was reported by the parents. We used multiple logistics regression to investigate the association between the household smoking ban and alcohol and tobacco use adjusted for potential confounders. Results: The prevalence of a no-smoking ban in households was 51% (95% confidence interval: 48.4%, 53.8%). After adjusting for the number of smokers in a home and perceptions about the harm of exposure to second-hand smoke, the multiple logistics regression results showed that concurrent alcohol and tobacco use in the households (OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.66, 3.20) had a higher risk of a no-smoking ban. Conclusions: Our findings showed that concurrent alcohol and tobacco use was associated with a smoking ban status in households. A no-alcohol-drinking-at-home campaign should be adopted and promoted for increasing the rate of smoke-free homes.<br /> https://journal.waocp.org/article_89640_b57e06025f69a18f9b6b21954d9bc102.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Analysis of Spinal Dysfunction in Breast Cancer Survivors with Lymphedema186918738964110.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1869ENShinde Sandeep BabasahebDepartment of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed to Be University,
Karad, Maharashtra, India.0000-0002-6466-3888Kulkarni Kajol RajeshDepartment of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed to Be University,
Karad, Maharashtra, India.Kolekar Shital YeshwantDepartment of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed to Be University,
Karad, Maharashtra, India.Sanjaykumar PatilDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed to Be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India.Journal Article20210225Background: To study and analyse the spinal dysfunction in breast cancer survivors with lymphedema. Methods: This study was carried out by analysing total 116 breast cancer survivor women, who were having lymphedema. Out of 116 subjects, 39 undergone radical mastectomy (RM), 39 undergone modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and 38 undergone breast conserving surgery (BCS). Thesesubjects were assessed for spinal function bytaking range of motionusing goniometer, lymphedema measurement usinginch tape, spinal stability test and functional rating index. Results: The spinal range of motion wassignificantly reduced in patients suffering from lymphedema in breast cancer survivors. The strength and endurance were significantly reduced in abdominals, extensors and lateral muscles of spine. There wasmarked effect seen on quality of life of patients assessed by using functional rating index due to spinal dysfunction in lymphedema patients. Conclusion: This study showed that there is statistically significant spinal dysfunction caused due to lymphedema in breast cancer survivors.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89641_cefd8ea44baffc7482dcb4846787d840.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601High Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Type 18 in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in Thailand187518818965310.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1875ENNithi KaewmaneenuanDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.Suree LekawanvijitDepartment
of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.0000-0002-5488-8119Surawut PongsiriwetDepartment of Oral Biology and Diagnostic
Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.Vuttinun ChatuposDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.Anak IamaroonDepartment of Oral Biology and Diagnostic
Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Excellence Center in Osteology Research and
Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.Journal Article20210303Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to investigate the detection rate of high-risk human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 (high-risk HPV16/18) in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) including oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral lichen planus (OLP) in a Thai population and their associations with demographic, risk habits, and clinicopathologic features. Methods: Paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed specimens from 101 OL and 59 OLP patients with patients’ demographic, risk habits, and clinicopathologic data were collected. Conventional qualitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect high-risk HPV16/18 DNA. Associations between high-risk HPV type 16/18 and demographic, clinicopathologic, risk factors (tobacco and alcohol uses) of OPMDs were analysed by Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. The results with p value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: HPV16/18 DNA was found in both OL and OLP groups with the detection rate of 19.8% and 18.6%, respectively. Approximately 90% of high-risk HPV were HPV18 subtype. Additionally, in OL group, high-risk HPV was found more frequently in patients with moderate/severe dysplasia than that in mild dysplasia. Interestingly, in OLP group, high-risk HPV was only detected in atrophic/ulcerative subtypes. None of risk factors was associated with high-risk HPV. Conclusions: Approximately 19% of OPMDs were HPV16/18-positive. HPV18 DNA was predominantly detected in both OL and OLP patients (90%). Additionally, the detection rate of high-risk HPV was higher in more severe dysplastic cases of OL and more clinically severe cases of OLP.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89653_febd4e42e7286f5d395ab4f1a19a37ae.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Human Endogenous Retrovirus-H Long Terminal Repeat- Associating Protein 2 (HHLA2) is a Novel Immune Checkpoint Protein in Lung Cancer which Predicts Survival188318898964210.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1883ENMayada SaadFarragDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.0000-0002-4177-5035Eman MohamadIbrahimDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of
Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.Tamer A.El-HadidyDepartment Chest Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University,
Mansoura, Egypt.Mohamed FaroukAklDepartment of Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura,
Egypt.Alyaa R.ElserganyDepartment Internal Medicine, Oncology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.Heba WagihAbdelwahabDepartment
Chest Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.Journal Article20210303ackground: Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies. Human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2) is a recently discovered ligand of the B7 family. Blocking this immune checkpoint has become an important treatment option for lung cancer. Methods: The study includes 62 biopsy specimens either bronchoscopic or CT-guided biopsies diagnosed as lung cancer in Hospitals of Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt during the period from 2016 to 2020. Immunohistochemical Staining for HHLA2 and EGFR was performed. HHLA2 expression was assessed in different pathological types of lung Cancer, and it was correlated with other clinicopathologic parameters and patient prognosis. Results: We found a significant association between HHLA2 expression and metastasis. About 83% of patients presented with metastasis showed positive expression of HHLA2 compared to 44.4% in patients with no metastasis (p=0.02). Also, results show significant mild positive correlation between expression of HHLA2 and EGFR markers (p=0.045). The mean OS time in cases with positive HHLA2 expression was nearly half that of patients with negative expression of the markers. However, this difference was not statistically significant. But, PFS of patients was significantly lower among the group with positive expression of HHLA2 compared to the group with negative expression of HHLA2 (p= 0.01). Conclusions: This study reports that recently discovered, HHLA2 is over expressed in lung cancer associating with higher stage. It is also correlated with EGFR overexpression. HHLA2 could serve as a predictor of progression and distant metastasis. Also, it has potential to be effective immune target in lung cancer immunotherapy such as checkpoint blockade and antibody-drug conjugate treatment.<br /> https://journal.waocp.org/article_89642_bd874c02f3fc07ad1588f54af31d3b6a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Treatment Adherence in Patients with Lung Cancer from Prospects of Patients and Physicians189118988965810.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1891ENKyriakos SouliotisFaculty of Social & Political Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, Greece. School of Nursing, University of Thessaly
Greece.0000-0003-1624-9444Lily EPeppouSchool of Nursing, University of Thessaly Greece.Community Mental Health Centre, University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece.Marina EconomouCommunity Mental Health Centre, University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece. First Department of Psychiatry, Aiginition Hospital, Medical School, Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.Androniki MarioliDivision of Medical Oncology, Third Department of Medicine, Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.Sofia NikolaidiHealth Policy Institute (HPI), Athens, Greece.Maria SaridiSchool of Nursing, University of Thessaly Greece.0000-0002-9008-824XDimitrios VarvarasSurgical Oncology Unit, Nuova Villa Claudia, Rome, Italy.0000-0002-0614-0392Antonia PaschaliFaculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Department of Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences, Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.Konstantinos NSyrigosDivision of Medical Oncology, Third Department of Medicine, Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.0000-0001-5335-8346Journal Article20210314Purpose: Adherence to treatment can be defined as the degree to which a patient’s behavior is consonant with medical or health advice he or she receive as part of his treatment regimen. The aim of this study was: 1) to measure the rate of treatment adherence to among patients with lung cancer from the prospect of both patients and physicians, 2) to measure the degree of concordance between the two prospect, and 3) to identify factors related to adherence for both prospect (patients and physicians). Materials and Methods: A total of 250 patients were included in this study. Information about socio-economic characteristics, depressive and anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale), nicotine dependence (Fagerstrom scale), barriers to accessing care, and the level of treatment adherence was collected through interview. Physicians were enquired about disease and treatment variables as well as patients’ level of adherence. Results: From the patient perspective, only 1.2% of patients displayed poor adherence; whereas the corresponding percentage among physicians was 12.4%. The concordance between the two was low: 0.244. The correlation of measurements made on the same individual was found to be equal to 0.14. Barriers to accessing medication (O.R.=2.82, 95% C.I.: 1.01-8.09) was the only risk factor when adherence was self-rated; barriers to accessing medication (O.R.=2.45, 95% C.I.: 1.03-5.86), education equal to 12 years (O.R.=0.33, 95% C.I.: 0.13-0.82) or higher than 12 years (O.R.=0.28, 95% C.I.: 0.08-0.96), nicotine dependence (O.R.=1.41, 95% C.I. 1.17-1.69) and HADS anxiety score (O.R.=1.15, 95% C.I. 1.03-1.30) were the predictors in physicians’ rating. Conclusions: Differences in rating adherence may underpin communication gaps between patients and physicians. Systemic determinants of poor adherence should not be overlooked. A concerted effort by researchers, physicians and policy makers in defining as well as communicating adherence, while removing its barriers should be made.<br /> https://journal.waocp.org/article_89658_ee64e9167f9855225feb592cb178bba4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601TIMAP Upregulation Correlates Negatively with Survival in HER2- Negative Subtypes of Breast Cancer189919058964310.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1899ENMarya ObeidatDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.Khaldon BodoorDepartment of Applied
Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.Mohammad AlqudahDepartment of Pathology, Jordan University of Science and
Technology, Irbid, Jordan.Amr MasaadehDepartment of Pathology, Jordan University of Science and
Technology, Irbid, Jordan.Marwa BarukbaDepartment of Pathology, Jordan University of Science and
Technology, Irbid, Jordan.Rowida AlmomaniDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.Journal Article20210315Objective: TIMAP expression is regulated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1); known for its role in breast cancer development and metastasis. Nevertheless, data on TIMAP protein expression and its association with breast cancer development are lacking. In this study, we aimed to investigate the variation in TIMAP protein expression in breast cancer tissue and its correlation with various clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients and overall survival rate. Methods: A total of 159 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from women diagnosed with four breast cancer subtypes (49 HER2-only, 33 Luminal A, 39 Luminal B, and 38 triple negative) were used to construct tissue microarray (TMA), followed by TIMAP immunohistochemistry (IHC). TIMAP expression was scored by two pathologists and categorized as weak (1-33% expression), moderate (34-66%), and strong (67-100%). Chi-square test and Kaplan Meier survival test were performed to determine the association between TIMAP expression and clinicopathological features and overall survival rate, respectively. Results: TIMAP protein was strongly expressed in 46 (93.9%) HER2-only, 32 (97%) luminal A, 37 (94.9%) luminal B, and 29 (76.3%) triple negative. TIMAP expression negatively associated with ER/PR expression (P=0.03), and it negatively impacted the overall survival in HER2 negative group (P=0.02). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that TIMAP protein expression is upregulated in all breast cancer subtypes. However, its prognostic role is exclusively observed in HER2- negative group, suggesting a potential of targeting TIMAP in future therapeutic strategies in this group.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89643_96ec4b37139f7fe47d39a1988ee3aa16.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Repeated Positive Cervical HPV Testing and Absent or Minor Cytology Abnormality at Pap Smear. What is the Next Step?190719128964410.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1907ENVitor CaeiroHealth Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), Covilha, Portugal.Sara NunesPolytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal.Bruno EstevesClinical Pathology at Cova da Beira University Hospital Center (CHUCB), Covilhã, Portugal.José Moutinho-FonsecaHealth Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), Covilhã, Portugal.Journal Article20210315Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) screening has significantly reduced cervical cancer (CC) mortality. Women who consecutively test positive for high-risk HPV without and minor changes on reflex cytology (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASC-US] or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL]) or dysplasia on cervical colposcopy-oriented biopsy are always referred to colposcopy. The aim of the present study was to assess whether this guidance is appropriate for COBAS HPV testing with reflex cytology. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out in 5,227 women who underwent routine CC screening over a period of five years (2012-2017). All HPV tests were performed using Cobas®4800 HPV. The study included women attending gynecology appointments whose first HPV test was positive and who had any type of follow-up. Patients’ HPV test results as well as cytology and biopsy findings obtained during the abovementioned period were analyzed. A descriptive and comparative statistical study was conducted using this data. Results: A total of 765 out of 6003 HPV tests performed in 5,227 women were positive, and 141 women who had a positive HPV test (with negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy [NILM] or inflammation, or ASC-US and LSIL cytology, but no lesions on colposcopy, or absence of dysplasia on histology) repeated the HPV test at least once. Of these 141 women, 6 were diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) during the follow-up period. All cases of HSIL were diagnosed after the second HPV test. Conclusion: This study shows that, at cervical cancer screening, all women testing positive for HPV regardless of Pap smear result should be referred to colposcopy.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89644_4f340d975291db07361a8298f77029b0.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Gambogic Acid Inhibits Wnt/β-catenin Signaling and Induces ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Cholangiocarcinoma191319208964510.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1913ENKanoknetr SuksenDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.Keatdamrong JanpipatkulDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand.Somrudee ReabroiDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.Natthinee AnantachokeDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.Vichai ReutrakulDepartment of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.Arthit ChairoungduaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.Natthakan ThongonDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.Kanit BhukhaiDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.Journal Article20210318Objective: Gambogic acid (GA) has been reported to induce apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-cancer activity remain poorly understood. This study was aimed to investigate GA’s effect on human CCA cell lines, KKU-M213 and HuCCA-1, and its associated mechanisms on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods: Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis were conducted by MTT and flow cytometry. The effect of GA mediated Wnt/β-catenin and ER stress were determined by luciferase-reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis. Results: GA exhibited potent cytotoxicity in CCA cells which was associated with significantly inhibited cell proliferation, promoted G1 arrest, and activated caspase 3 mediated-apoptosis. GA attenuated β-catenin transcriptional levels, decreased β-catenin protein, and suppressed the expression of c-Myc, a downstream target gene of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. GA activated genes involved in ER stress mechanism in KKU-M213 and enhanced CCA’s sensitivity to gemcitabine. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that the molecular mechanism underpinning anti-cancer effect of GA is partially mediated through the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and induction of ER stress induced-apoptosis. GA may serve as a promising therapeutic modality for amelioration of gemcitabine-induced toxicity in CCAhttps://journal.waocp.org/article_89645_447a949a74f9f94acc49f0f96b087be8.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Economic Evaluation of Adding Bevacizumab to Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) Patients in Indonesia192119268964610.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1921ENErna KristinDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia.Dwi EndartiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0001-7841-4164Levina ChandraKhoeDepartment of
Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-2050-392XKartika WidayatiTaroeno-HariadiDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia.0000-0002-7791-9010Christina TrijayantiRespira Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Armansyah ArmansyahCenter of Financing and Health Insurance, Ministry of Health, Government of Indonesia, Indonesia.Sudigdo SastroasmoroDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.Journal Article20210323Objective: Since 2016, bevacizumab has been widely used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in Indonesia. Nevertheless, the high cost of bevacizumab has raised the question of whether the therapy is considered cost-effective and should be included in the national health insurance system. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for the treatment of mCRC patients. Methods: A Markov model was applied using the perspective of the Indonesian healthcare system to assess cost-effectiveness. The health outcomes were expressed in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALY) using the validated EuroQoL-5D-5L instrument. Data for medical costs were collected from hospital billings in four hospitals located in three different cities in Indonesia. Meanwhile, data for utility were obtained from interviewing 90 patients who came to the hospital. We compared those mCRC patients who received chemotherapy alone either with FOLFOX or FOLFIRI, versus patients who received the addition of bevacizumab. Results: With the perspective of societal, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of adding bevacizumab was USD 49,312 per QALY gained using secondary data and USD 28,446 per QALY using real world data. Conclusion: Using either a healthcare or societal perspective, the addition of bevacizumab for mCRC treatment was considered not cost-effective.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89646_c9a1e0e4a8b92d86ffbc229f26236360.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Involvement of Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer192719338964710.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1927ENOlga BulgakovaL.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.0000-0003-3272-0638Asemgul KausbekovaL.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.Assiya KussainovaL.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.Nurtas KalibekovNational
Research Oncology Center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.Dulat SerikbaiulyNational
Research Oncology Center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.Rakhmetkazhi BersimbaevL.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.Journal Article20210329Objective: Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-MtDNA) has been reported in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancers. However, inter-relationships among the three biological events have not been well-characterized. Therefore, our investigation was conducted to better understand the role of cf-MtDNA on pathogenesis of the two diseases. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from 64 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (before therapy), 45 patients with COPD and 62 healthy individuals. cf-MtDNA copy numbers were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and cytokines were determined using a human ELISA kit. Results: Our data indicate that smoking statuses of the patients and controls were significantly associated with increased cf-MtDNA in plasma samples. Furthermore, NSCLC patients had significantly higher cf-MtDNA copy numbers than COPD patients (p < 0.03) and normal controls (p < 0.02), together with elevated proinflammatory cytokines over the controls (p < 0.05). Our study shows that the copy numbers for the NSCLC patients were positively associated with their subsequent metastasis but inversely associated with their overall survival. Conclusion: Our study indicates certain lung injury (e.g., from cigarette smoking) was responsible for the release of cf-MtDNA and proinflammatory cytokines into plasmas among our patients and controls. The increase in cf-MtDNA copy numbers was significantly associated with the development of both COPD and NSCLC, with increase in interleukin 6, and from our 5-year follow-up, with poor prognosis among the NSCLC patients. Therefore, with further validation, cf-MtDNA can be considered for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89647_945729a93d3ff239c60debc714220b84.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation Detection in Histology and Cytology Specimens of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma: Immunohistochemistry Versus the Molecular Method193519428964810.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1935ENNurul Shuhada Abdul HamidPathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.Anani Aila Mat ZinPathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.0000-0001-8026-3078Journal Article20210406Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with good clinical response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase therapy. The two most common EGFR gene mutations, representing 80 to 90%, are the E746-A750 deletion in exon 19 and the L858R point mutation in exon 21. Materials and Methods: We have conducted the study to evaluate immunohistochemistry’s performance in detecting the E746-A750 deletion in exon 19 of the EGFR gene in primary lung adenocarcinoma cases. This study examined 133 cases of primary lung adenocarcinoma for three years duration. The selected cases were tested for EGFR gene mutations by real-time PCR by a reference laboratory. Most cases (124) were diagnosed by tissue biopsy, though nine used cell block cytology. We performed an immunohistochemistry test on 75 cases that contained adequate diagnostic material in the paraffin block. Results: The test result was scored as 0 to 3+, based on the staining intensity and percentage of positive tumor cells. We evaluated the immunohistochemistry test’s sensitivity and specificity compared to the EGFR gene mutations by real-time PCR. There was a significant association between gender, smoking status, and the EGFR gene mutations (P < 0.001). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the immunohistochemistry test were 40% and 100%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 100% and 76.9%, each. Conclusions: The immunohistochemistry has high specificity but low sensitivity in the detection of E746-A750 deletion in exon 19 of the EGFR gene. The mutation-specific antibody used in this study was unable to detect other uncommon variants of exon 19 deletions. With high specificity value, immunohistochemistry may provide an adjunct to molecular testing for detecting the most common EGFR gene mutations in cases of a low cellularity sample, financially-limited situations, or in critically ill cases where urgent targeted therapy is needed.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89648_d3ead64afa8b725f70c4ec00e9cfe41d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601NFATc1 is Suppressed in Tumor Microenvironment of Hodgkin Lymphoma194319488965710.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1943ENKrisna MurtiDepartment of Anatomic Pathology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia.0000-0001-6733-2323Neti NetiDepartment of Anatomic Pathology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia.Nyiayu FauziahKurniawatiDepartment of Anatomic Pathology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia.Ika KartikaDepartment of Anatomic Pathology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia.Riana Sari PuspitaRasyidDepartment of Histology Faculty of
Medicine Universitas Sriwikaya, Indonesia.Zen HafyDepartment of Histology Faculty of
Medicine Universitas Sriwikaya, Indonesia.Journal Article20210408Objective: The aims of this research are to evaluate the expression and distribution of NFATc1 in tumor microenvironment of Hodgkin lymphoma. Methods: Twenty-eight cases of Hodgkin lymphoma were selected. Clinicopathological data of age, gender, location and subtypes were obtained. Immunohistochemistry was performed to the all cases by using anti-CD163, anti-NFATc1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies. All protein expression was calculated by using Image J software. Results: Nuclear expression of NFATc1 was not observed in Hodgkin cells neither in TAM nor in small lymphocytes surrounding Hodgkin cells in all the samples, this meant that NFATc1 showed negative nuclear expression in almost all these cells. Cytoplasmic expression of NFATc1 was observed in small lymphocytes surrounding tumor cells. While there were only few small lymphocytes which were located far from tumor cells showed nuclear expression of NFATc1. Meanwhile, 57.14% samples showed high density of TAMs CD163+, and 50% tumor cells as well as 50% TAMs exhibited positive PD-L1 expression. In addition, all macrophages did not have NFATc1 expression both in their nuclei and in their cytoplasm. Conclusion: NFATc1 was suppressed both in Hodgkin cells and inflammatory cells surrounding the tumor cells. This condition may contribute to progressivity and aggressiveness of the diseases. Therefore, certain mechanisms to reactivate functional NFATc1 in HL tumor microenvironment may be necessary; hence, the tumor cells are able to be eradicated by patient’s immune mechanisms.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89657_c9506be4442b3e96f28804720ccfb07e.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Micro RNA-148a Targets Bcl-2 in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer194919558964910.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1949ENGhada NabilElnaggarDepartment of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.0000-0001-6216-6549Niveen MEl-HifnawiDepartment of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.Abeer IsmailDepartment of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.0000-0002-6487-1089Maha YahiaDepartment of Medical Oncology, National
Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.Reham A AElshimyDepartment of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20210415Objective: Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. MicroRNAs regulate more than 60% of human genes, including tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Accordingly, they can affect cancer risk. This study aimed to evaluate the role of serum miR-148a as a non-invasive biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and to assess the correlation between miR-148a and Bcl-2, as one of its target proteins. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 newly diagnosed NSCLC cases and 30 apparently healthy controls were recruited in this study. MiR-148a level was measured by TaqMan- Real time RT-PCR assay and Bcl-2 level was measured by ELISA. Results: Significant lower expression of serum miR-148a and higher serum Bcl-2 levels were observed in NSCLC patients as compared to the control group (p https://journal.waocp.org/article_89649_d2a37607cf24fc094340cb2617b2f1e6.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Copy Number Variants Captured by the Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization in a Cohort of Patients Affected with Hereditary Colorectal Cancer in Sri Lanka: The First CNV Analysis Study of the Hereditary Colorectal Cancer in the Sri Lankan Population195719668965010.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1957ENPrabhavi WijesiriwardhanaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. Human Genetics
Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.orcid.org/ 0000-0002-9888-1162Kalum WettasingheHuman Genetics
Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.Vajira H WDissanayekeHuman Genetics
Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.Journal Article20210419Introduction: Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of multiple cancer types. Molecular diagnosis of HNPCC requires the precise identification of pathogenic germline variants in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is now the gold standard test in practice, to identify these variants. However, large genomic rearrangements (LGR) in cancer predisposing genes (CPGs) are missed by NGS. This may lead to underestimation of the frequency of the variants, misleading the genetic diagnosis and delaying intervention in high risk individuals. Hence this study was aimed at identifying the presence of large genomic alterations that could explain the missing heritable risk of colon cancer in affected patients with family history strongly suggestive of hereditary colorectal cancer in Sri Lanka. Methods: A cohort of six patients affected with hereditary colorectal cancer who tested negative for pathogenic variants in next generation sequencing studies was investigated using Sure Print G3 Human CGH 4x180K microarray platform. Agilent Genomic-Workbench-v7.0.4.0 software was used to identify the Copy Number Variants (CNV). Four healthy individuals (>55years) were used as controls. Annotations of the CNV regions which were observed were done using the database of Genomic Variants. Results: We identified 150 CNVs including regions of both genomic gains and losses in the patient cohort. There was no difference in the average number or the average genomic burden of CNVs identified in the patients versus the controls. CNVs were residing on the positions of 1q21.2, 2q37.3, 2p11.2-p11.1, 5q13.2, 6p12.3, 7q31.33, 7p14.1, 14q32.33, 15q11.1-11.2, 16p11.2, 22q11.22, 22q13.1 that were assessed by the array platform used in the study. CNVs in any of the well-known common CPG s or CNVs that reside on or in close proximity to genes corresponding to MMR pathway were not identified. We found several distinct pathways that have previously been identified as having a direct association with the progression of HNPCC. Conclusion: This study shows that CNVs are likely contributors to the colorectal cancer predisposition in a small but significant proportion of patients affected with hereditary colorectal cancer in this cohort. Further studies have to perform to get a better understanding on the contribution of CNVs to the cancer predisposition in this cohort of patients in the Sri Lankan population.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89650_10d5279eade20813f21af27e2a5c35a2.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Pregnane Steroids from the Leaves of Melia Azedarach and Apoptotic Activity against T47D Cells196719738965110.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1967ENMartha ErvinaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.Hadi PoerwonoDepartment of
Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia.Retno WidyowatiDepartment of
Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia.Hideaki OtsukaFaculty of Pharmacy,
Yasuda Women’s University, Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.Katsuyoshi MatsunamiDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of
Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan.Sukardiman SukardimanDepartment of
Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia.Journal Article20210421Objective: Nature has provided us with many pharmaceutical resources so far. Breast cancer shows an increasing trend in the world for the last decade and becomes one of five leading causes of death. Among the plants, Melia azedarach L. has been used widely in traditional medicine for many ailments including breast cancer. Following our previous findings that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active cytotoxic fraction against T47D cells, we aimed to isolate the cytotoxic compounds and further elucidate their apoptotic mechanisms. Methods: The compounds were isolated through a series of chromatography with cytotoxicity evaluations. Identification of the isolated compounds was achieved by intensive spectroscopic analysis such as NMR, MS, and IR spectra. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT method using doxorubicin as a reference compound. The expression of apoptosis-related factors was quantified by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Results: Two isomers of pregnane steroids with molecular weight 330.2087 (C21H30O3) were isolated from the EtOAc extract. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the structures as 17-ethylene-3,4-dihydroxy-14-methyl-18-norandrostene-16-one (1) and 17-ethylene-3,4-dihydroxy-5-pregnene-16-one (2), respectively. These compounds showed moderate cytotoxicity (IC50 172.9 and 62.2 µg/mL, respectively) comparable to doxorubicin (IC50 3.08 µg/mL). The execution of apoptosis may be related to the increase of the ratio of BAX/bcl-2 of the cells. Conclusion: The EtOAc fraction of Melia azedarach L. leaves and the isolated 5-pregnene-16-one steroids are promising reagents for breast cancer treatment by introducing apoptosis to tumor cells. However, further researches are required to highlight its safety and usage in vivo.<br /> https://journal.waocp.org/article_89651_58c195fdd009e555d0747839931e33c7.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736822620210601Effect of Mimic Hypoxia on the Proliferation and Expression of miR-27a, miR-9, miR-370 and their Target Genes in MOLT-4 and KG1a Cell Lines197519848966010.31557/APJCP.2021.22.6.1975ENBehnam Emaogolizadeh Gurd TapehDepartment of Hematology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Hematology and Blood Banking, Tabriz
University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Ali MohammadiUniversity of Odense, Iran.0000-0003-4275-628XMohammad Reza AlivandDepartment of Medical Genetics, Tabriz University of
Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Saeed SolaliHematology and Blood Banking, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.0000-0002-6487-3551Journal Article20210122Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mimic hypoxia on proliferation, the expression of significant miRNAs, and genes involved in drug resistance in MOLT-4 and KG1 cell lines. Materials and Methods: The KG1 and MOLT-4 cell lines were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 20% FBS and 10% FBS respectively. The MTT test was used for determining the optimum dose of CoCl2 for KG1 and MOLT-4 cell lines. Western blotting was used for the detection of HIF-1a protein and the confirmation of mimic hypoxia induced by CoCl2. For evaluating the effect of mimic hypoxia on proliferation of MOLT-4 and KG1 cell lines, cell counting was done using trypan blue at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Furthermore, the results obtained from cell counting were confirmed with the MTT test. Total RNA was extracted using the RNX Plus solution kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The expression of genes and miRNAs was evaluated with real time PCR. Results: According to this study, mimic hypoxia induced by CoCl2 contributes to the overexpression of drug resistance related genes including MDR1, MRP1, FOXM1, BCL-xl genes, and the suppression of PUMA gene compared to the control group. The results also showed that mimic hypoxia condition leads to the up-regulation of miR-9 and down-regulation of miR-27a and miR-370. Additionally, our outcomes demonstrated that mimic hypoxia has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of MOLT-4 and KG1 cell lines. Conclusion: Treatment with CoCl2 has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of MOLT-4 and KG1 cell lines independent from real hypoxia. Additionally, mimic hypoxia has a substantial effect on the expression of genes and miRNAs involved in drug resistance. Finally, we are still far away to discover the exact functional mechanisms of hypoxia on drug resistance but these evaluations can provide new perspectives into this field for the upcoming studies.https://journal.waocp.org/article_89660_c9e4eee7b80e78b0f2c20a56c05d4dd2.pdf