West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Clarifications on Tobacco Advertising and Youth Smoking Study 1949 1950 92229 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.1949 EN Arpita Patel Department of Community Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India. 0009-0003-1801-6019 Pratap Kumar Jena Department of Community Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India. 0000-0002-1236-3103 Journal Article 2025 09 30 Tobacco advertising Youth smoking public health policy Adolescent behaviour Cancer Prevention https://journal.waocp.org/article_92229_2c23f138c80ce4a65760ed508a0dd36a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Dentistry in the Cancer Care Pathway of India 1951 1952 92260 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.1951 EN Vaibhav Sahni Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Abhishek Shankar Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. 0000-0001-6491-0079 Journal Article 2025 12 03 Dental Oncology India LMICs Cancer Care Pathway https://journal.waocp.org/article_92260_d0d448dd20537f79a26f414426566503.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Methodological and Interpretive Considerations in “The Impact of Electronic and Conventional Cigarette Use towards Saliva Profile and Oral Microbiota in Adolescents” 1953 1956 92255 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.1953 EN Seyed Masoud Haghighi Kian Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Khosravi-Mashizi Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hossein Neamatzadeh Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Journal Article 2026 02 09 salivary analysis statistical methods age classification exposure characterization clinical relevance https://journal.waocp.org/article_92255_bdb4a910f6449e0598333ad0134b1259.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 1957 1965 92220 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.1957 EN Shalini Ganesh Nayak Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. 0000-0002-0798-7827 Alwin Issac College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. 0000-0002-4528-8787 Prabhaker Mishra Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. 0000-0003-4769-9106 James Gonsalves Department of Pathophysiology, American University of Antigua, College of Medicine, Antigua, India. Journal Article 2025 07 07 Objective: Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transfer experience various infectious and non-infectious complications, and pulmonary problems continue to be a leading cause of death and morbidity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation interventions on various pulmonary function parameters. Methods: We systematically searched for studies in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalKey, and ProQuest for articles published in English from 2000 to 2024. Two reviewers independently identified the articles using key thesaurus terms and free-text terms based on the inclusion criteria. The review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: The systematic review included 18 trials, with a total of 1,052 participants, of whom 621 were from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and the remaining 431 were from quasi-experimental studies. Pooled data from randomized controlled trials showed that pulmonary rehabilitation programs were effective in improving forced vital capacity (P < 0.001), FEV1/FVC (P = 0.004), maximal inspiratory pressure (P < 0.001), and dyspnoea (P = 0.03) at a statistically significant level. Conclusion: The evidence from the review suggests that pulmonary rehabilitation programmes are effective in improving certain parameters of pulmonary function. This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number (CRD42024522354).  Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Rehabilitation Lung Physiology Health and well-being https://journal.waocp.org/article_92220_5e12a44dbe9aea40e1c863747cc7d74d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review and Bioinformatics Analysis 1967 1984 92231 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.1967 EN Nadeen S. Sultan Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine. 0000-0003-3850-0222 Ahmed S. Alhallaq Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine. 0000-0002-2307-1907 Mohammed S. Alhallaq Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. 0009-0007-7960-6222 Heba Mohammed Arafat Chemical Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia. 0000-0003-2710-5673 Sadeen Eid Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. 0000-0002-4329-2977 Ashraf Jaber Shaqaliah Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine. Journal Article 2025 10 05 Background: Bortezomib, a 26S proteasome inhibitor, has become a cornerstone in the treatment of multiple myeloma. However, its use is limited by a common and potentially serious adverse effect, bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN), which manifests in 30-60% of multiple myeloma patients primarily as a sensory, distal, axonal neuropathy, often with pain, numbness, tingling, and in some cases, motor involvement, which can lead to dose reductions, therapy discontinuation, or long-term morbidity. BIPN is associated with genetic predisposition, and several studies suggest that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may contribute to the protective or increased risk effects of BIPN. This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis of BIPN in multiple myeloma. Methods: A qualitative systematic review was conducted to determine unique SNPs with significant association with BIPN. The search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The risk of bias analysis was conducted following the Q-Genie protocol. The included SNPs were computationally analyzed using Gene Ontology enrichment, KEGG, and PPI network analyses to determine pathways implicated in BIPN. SNPnexus analysis was applied, including SIFT and PolyPhen-2 functional prediction, evolutionary conservation, epigenetic regulatory mapping, significant biological pathways, and population allele frequencies. Results: From a total of 9 studies, 48 SNPs increase the risk of BIPN, while 21 are protective. Computational analyses revealed that SNP-associated BIPN genes are implicated in xenobiotic response, detoxification, signal transduction, and inflammatory pathways. SIFT and PolyPhen-2 identified some variants with a potential impact on protein function. Several SNPs are conserved, which reflects their functional roles. Allele frequencies are distinct, with some SNPs being rare and others showing uneven distribution across populations. Conclusions: Genetic variants probably play a significant role in the development of BIPN. The findings provide a mechanistic framework for predictive genotyping and personalized therapeutic strategies to mitigate BIPN in multiple myeloma patients. multiple myeloma bortezomib bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy Genetic polymorphism Bioinformatics https://journal.waocp.org/article_92231_b348fe39a25b7a6b69f7819755af46af.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Rapid Psychosocial Screening Instruments for Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review of Measurement Tools and Psychometric Evidence 1985 1995 92251 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.1985 EN Ida Maryati Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. 0000-0001-7778-7364 Raini Diah Susanti Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Taty Hernawaty Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Suryani Suryani Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Adinda Yulia Maharani Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Fillah Azzahra Syafaat Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Nissa Fauziyah Sundari Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Tetalia Salwa Aisyah Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Journal Article 2025 11 26 Purpose: This study aimed to map and synthesize available screening instruments for detecting psychosocial problems in cancer patients. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect using predefined keywords, focusing on English-language, full-text, and quantitative studies. Data extraction included study characteristics (title, author, year, objectives, design, sample) and key findings on the validation and application of screening tools. A thematic analysis was performed by two independent reviewers, with discrepancies resolved through discussion, to compare psychometric properties, clinical feasibility, and the scope of detection across instruments. Results: Of 18,225 records identified 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen screening instruments were identified, including the DT, HADS, PHQ-2, PHQ-9, GAD-7, ESAS, PROMIS Depression Short Form, MAX-PC, DADDS, STAI-S, PHQ-ADS, MADRS-S, e-VAS, and DART. The analysis generated three major themes: (1) psychometric strength (validity and reliability), (2) clinical feasibility (time efficiency, ease of use, applicability across cancer populations), and (3) scope of detection (range of psychosocial problems identified, such as depression, anxiety, general distress, and death anxiety). Conclusion: Several rapid screening instruments demonstrate strong psychometric properties and clinical applicability for detecting psychosocial problems in cancer patients. Future research should focus on integrating the most effective tools into oncology practice and on developing a rapid, comprehensive instrument tailored to clinical needs, thereby enhancing early detection and psychosocial care. cancer patients instrument psychosocial problems rapid assessment https://journal.waocp.org/article_92251_8f82c4a21a81ae5e8c3630fe17f86fde.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Association of PARP1 SNP (rs1136410) with Brain Tumor Risk: Insights from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1997 2003 92218 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.1997 EN Sajjad Gul Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. 0009-0008-5803-3258 Sajid Ali Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. 0000-0003-3033-280X Muhammad Nouman Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. 0000-0002-7403-1876 Adnan Ur Rehman Gastro Ward, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan. Sana Khan Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. Sumbal Hussain Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. Shaista Afzal Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. 0009-0004-9805-0280 Hamid Ali Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. Muhammad Ashraf Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan. Naveed Anwar Peshawar General Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. Journal Article 2025 04 20 Background: Brain tumors are among the most complex and life-threatening malignancies, with limited understanding of their genetic etiology. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays a critical role in DNA repair. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1136410 (A>G) in PARP1, which results in a Val762Ala substitution, has been suggested to alter PARP1 enzymatic activity and potentially influence tumor development. However, its association with brain tumors remains underexplored particularly in the population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Methods: In this study, we enrolled 200 patients with brain tumors, along with an additional 200 individuals as controls. DNA was extracted using the phenol–chloroform method, followed by genotyping through the Amplification Refractory Mutation System–Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR). Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism. Results: The genotypic distribution of rs1136410 in brain tumor patients and healthy individuals indicates that this SNP is significantly associated with brain tumors (Chi-square = 13.24, df = 2, p = 0.0013). The AA genotype was associated with a 77% increased risk of overall brain tumors (OR = 1.77, p = 0.0065), an 88% increased risk of glioma (OR = 1.88, p = 0.0159), and a 2.9-fold increased risk of meningioma (OR = 2.91, p = 0.0073). In contrast, the GG genotype was associated with a 63% decreased risk of overall brain tumors (OR = 0.37, p = 0.0011), an 84% decreased risk of glioma (OR = 0.26, p = 0.0019), and an 80% decreased risk of meningioma (OR = 0.21, p = 0.0217). Similarly, the A allele was associated with an increased risk of brain tumors (OR = 1.88, p = 0.0065), whereas the G allele was associated with a decreased risk (OR = 0.53, p = 0.0001). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that rs1136410 is significantly associated with brain tumor risk particularly with the glioma and meningioma subtypes underscoring the role of PARP1 in brain tumor genetics and its potential as a therapeutic target. PARP1 SNP ARMS-PCR Brain tumor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa https://journal.waocp.org/article_92218_e27f247e66c64a61b7d3fe7730ceee00.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Comparing the Recurrence Patterns of Reduced-Margins vs. RTOG-Protocol in Adjuvant Chemoradiation of High-Grade Gliomas: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial 2005 2013 92219 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2005 EN Kazem Anvari Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-1080-1907 Sseyed Alireza Javadinia Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. 0000-0003-2467-837X Danial Fazilatpanah Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. 0000-0003-4194-6575 Habibollah Esmaily Department of Public Health & Epidemiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0003-4139-546X Seyed Amir Aledavood Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Soudabe Shahidsales Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Babak Ganjeifar Department of Neurological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Mahdiye Dayani Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran. Parisa Rabiei Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Journal Article 2025 05 31 Background: Radiotherapy following maximal-safe resection is a cornerstone of treatment for high-grade gliomas (HGGs). However, the optimal clinical target volume (CTV) margin remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and recurrence patterns associated with a reduced CTV margin in patients with HGGs, compared to standard RTOG-based planning. Methods: In this multicenter, phase III randomized clinical trial, patients aged 18–75 years with newly diagnosed WHO-grade 3 or 4 gliomas were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant radiotherapy with either a standard 2-cm clinical target volume (CTV) margin (control group) or a reduced 1-cm margin (intervention group). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), while the secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and patterns of recurrence. Results: A total of 258 patients were enrolled, of whom 75.6% had grade 4 gliomas. After a median follow-up of 14.5 months, median PFS was 15 ± 1.25 months in the intervention group but it was 19 ± 2.71 months in the control group (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32; 95% CI, 0.93–1.87; p = 0.121). Median OS was 22.0 ± 2.98 months in the intervention group, while it was not reached in the control group (HR = 1.52; 95% CI, 0.99–2.33; p = 0.057). Imaging progression occurred in 35% of patients in the intervention group and 32.2% in the control group (p = 0.637). In-field recurrence was the predominant pattern in both groups (84% vs. 83.8%; p = 0.829), with no significant increase in marginal or out-of-field failures associated with margin reduction. Conclusion: Reducing the clinical target volume (CTV) margin from 2 cm to 1 cm in the adjuvant radiotherapy of high-grade gliomas did not significantly affect progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), or recurrence patterns. These findings support the feasibility and safety of margin reduction, even in settings where three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) is the primary technique. high-grade gliomas radiotherapy margin reduction target volume delineation https://journal.waocp.org/article_92219_c40624bbd670c2f5c4e89c7c5fe772ad.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Medically Supervised Exercise and Inflammation in Breast Cancer Survivors with Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis 2015 2021 92256 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2015 EN Jean Paul Muambangu Milambo Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. 0000-0003-0552-5378 Journal Article 2025 06 21 Background: Postmenopausal women with breast cancer and coexisting metabolic syndrome are at increased risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) and chronic systemic inflammation. Medically supervised exercise (MSE) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention to mitigate these complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of MSE on BCRL severity, inflammatory biomarkers, and quality of life (QoL) in this high-risk population. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus up to May 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving postmenopausal breast cancer survivors with metabolic syndrome who participated in MSE programs. Outcomes of interest included BCRL severity, inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α), and QoL. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 statistic, and evidence quality was evaluated using GRADE. Results: Fifteen RCTs (n = 1,197) were included. MSE significantly reduced systemic inflammatory markers (mean difference = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.57; P = 0.02) with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 50.4%). Subgroup analyses showed moderate-quality evidence for reductions in IL-6 and TNF-α, though results varied across studies. Evidence for CRP reduction was very low due to high heterogeneity and risk of bias. Improvements in QoL and reductions in lymphedema volume were also reported in several studies. Conclusions: MSE appears effective in reducing systemic inflammation and improving QoL among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors with metabolic syndrome. However, evidence for specific biomarkers remains limited. Further high-quality, standardized RCTs are needed, especially in underrepresented regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, to guide global implementation of MSE in cancer rehabilitation. Cardiometabolic Risk Post-treatment Recovery systemic inflammation Physical Rehabilitation Cancer survivorship https://journal.waocp.org/article_92256_7b2e9efbc5068dd4d72753fca6489518.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Vaporized Promises, Clouded Realities: E-cigarette Penetration, Regulation, and Cancer Prevention 2023 2033 92221 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2023 EN Minsoo Jung 1Department of Health Science, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana- Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA. 0000-0003-3317-6507 Journal Article 2025 07 16 Objective: This study examines the public health and cancer prevention implications of the rapid proliferation of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in South Korea, and discusses regulatory strategies grounded in empirical evidence. Method: Drawing on domestic and international literature, and national statistical data, the analysis synthesizes evidence on ENDS product characteristics, patterns of use, associated health risks, potential effectiveness for smoking cessation, and indicators of nicotine dependence. A comparative policy analysis further situates Korea’s tobacco control framework within the broader landscape of regulatory approaches adopted in other high-income countries. Results: Although ENDS eliminate combustion and may reduce exposure to certain carcinogens, their expanding use raises substantial public health concerns particularly with respect to youth nicotine initiation, dual use with combustible cigarettes, and uncertain long-term health effects. While some evidence suggests a possible role for ENDS in smoking cessation, the overall scientific evidence remains mixed, and robust longitudinal data are limited. Regulatory responses to ENDS vary widely across countries, with South Korea maintaining a relatively cautious regulatory stance. Conclusion: In light of the evolving evidence base and emerging population-level risks, a comprehensive and precautionary regulatory approach is warranted with particular emphasis on protecting adolescents, ensuring product safety, and reinforcing norms that support tobacco cessation. E-cigarettes electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) heated tobacco products (HTPs) Cancer Prevention https://journal.waocp.org/article_92221_5ecccbdc0d1b88089cf285a85b66d5bb.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Mammographic Microcalcifications and Breast Cancer: A Case - Control Study 2035 2041 92257 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2035 EN Muhammad Usman Sami Department of Ophthalmology, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan. Maira Saeed Department of Ophthalmology, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan. Sadia Nazeem Department of Breast and General Surgery, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan. Mehreen Afridi Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, Rehman Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan. Journal Article 2025 07 16 Background: Microcalcifications are among the earliest radiographic findings suggestive of breast malignancy and are often detected in women undergoing diagnostic mammography. Their association with breast cancer, independent of other risk factors, is clinically important but not fully understood. Objective: To investigate the associations between mammographic microcalcifications and breast cancer risk in women undergoing diagnostic mammography. Design: Case‒control study. Setting: Breast Care Unit (BCU), Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar, Pakistan. Participants: Three hundred women aged 30 years and above who underwent diagnostic mammography; 150 patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer and 150 (age, menopausal status and ACR density) matched controls with normal breasts. Main outcome measures: The presence of microcalcifications on mammography. Covariates: ACR breast density, menopausal status, and age group. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated via multivariable logistic regression. Results: Microcalcifications were significantly more common in patients (50.7%) than in controls (20.7%) and were independently associated with breast cancer (adjusted OR 5.51, 95% CI: 3.02–10.05; p<0.001). Compared with premenopausal women, perimenopausal women had the highest odds of having breast cancer (adjusted OR 14.30, 95% CI: 3.80–53.78, p<0.001), followed by postmenopausal women (adjusted OR 4.50, 95% CI: 1.74–11.63, p=0.002). The ACR breast density categories B and C were significantly associated with microcalcifications but not independently with breast cancer. Conclusion: Mammographic microcalcifications are strong independent predictors of breast cancer, particularly among peri- and postmenopausal women, highlighting their clinical value in risk stratification and diagnostic evaluation. mammography microcalcifications breast cancer ACR density menopausal status https://journal.waocp.org/article_92257_4d5c3551824c7f9ea6c511bbedc13db7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Postoperative Abscesses in the Liver Resection Plane in Patients with a History of Biliary Tract Treatments: A Multicenter Cohort Study 2043 2052 92246 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2043 EN Hiroya Iida Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan. Department of Surgery, Nishi-Kyoto Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. Hiroji Shinkawa Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. Hisashi Kosaka Department of Liver Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan. Masaki Ueno Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan. Haruki Mori Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan. Koji Komeda Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan. Satoshi Yasuda Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan. Masahiko Kinoshita Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. 0000-0002-6716-6377 Shinya Hayami Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan. Masaji Tani Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan. Masaki Kaibori Department of Liver Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan. Shoji Kubo Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. Health Education Course, Department of Education, Shitennoji University, Osaka, Japan. Journal Article 2025 07 27 Objective: The effect of previous biliary reconstruction (BR) or endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) on post-hepatectomy bile leakage and abscess formation remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, clinical findings, and risk factors of postoperative abscesses in the liver resection plane in patients with such histories. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 5,742 patients who underwent liver resection between 2011 and 2020 (38 with a history of BR, 44 with EST, and 5,660 with no history of biliary treatment). The incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for abscess formation, as well as factors associated with prolonged healing duration (≥45 days), were analyzed. Results: Abscess formation was significantly more frequent in the BR (47.4%) and EST (25.0%) groups than in the non-BR/non-EST group (3.5%). Bile leakage was identified as an independent risk factor for abscess formation. Bile leakage and mixed infection both significantly more frequent in the BR group than in the non-BR/non-EST group were independent risk factors for prolonged healing duration. Conclusion: Patients with a history of BR or EST are at a higher risk of postoperative abscess formation in the liver resection plane. Bile leakage plays a critical role in both abscess development and prolonged healing.  Postoperative abscess liver resection biliary treatment https://journal.waocp.org/article_92246_419a262a03a240fe8c003458664a46ec.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Awareness of Cervical Cancer, Willingness, and Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening among Women in Madurai: A Cross-Sectional Study in South India 2053 2060 92222 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2053 EN Trupti Bodhare Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurai, India. 0000-0003-0805-8795 Samir Bele Department of Community Medicine, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India. 0000-0002-9934-668X Bharath Rajh Department of Community Medicine, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India. 0009-0001-3954-975X Venkatesh Karthikeyan Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India. 0000-0002-3768-3218 Salmathul Jaseela Department of Community Medicine, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India. Harisram Rajashekar Department of Community Medicine, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India. Journal Article 2025 08 07 Objectives: This study aims to investigate rural women’s knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer, their willingness to participate in cervical cancer screening, and the perceived obstacles to screening. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India, from February to July 2024, involving 350 women aged 25 to 65 years. Utilizing multistage random sampling, the study employed face-to-face interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire focused on knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer, as well as barriers to screening services. Data were analyzed using R programming (version 4.4.3). Results: Participants had a mean age of 33.83 ± 7.56 years, with 29.1% being illiterate. Only 15.7% had undergone cervical cancer screening. Approximately 68.3% and 66.8% expressed willingness to undergo cervical cancer screening if it were free or recommended by a doctor, respectively. Major barriers to screening included fear of falling sick after screening (65.1%), lack of awareness (64.3%), and the belief that screening is unnecessary at their age (64%). Women aged 35–44 years (3.21 ± 0.49, p = 0.05, β = -0.542), those who were non-working (3.14 ± 0.50, p = 0.02, β = -0.739), illiterate (3.21 ± 0.57, p = 0.04, β = -1.093), of lower socioeconomic class (3.09 ± 0.52, p = 0.05, β = -0.883), and those who had never undergone cervical cancer screening (3.07 ± 0.52, p = 0.02, β = -0.677) had significantly lower mean knowledge scores. Conclusion: The research highlights significant gaps in awareness and screening among rural women in Madurai, despite a positive attitude towards screening. Low participation rates stem from educational and socioeconomic barriers. The study’s regional focus may limit broader applicability, and social desirability bias may be a concern due to the use of interviewer-administered questionnaires. Enhancing the Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam program in Tamil Nadu with targeted education and community involvement could boost awareness and screening rates. Cervical cancer Screening awareness Willingness Barriers https://journal.waocp.org/article_92222_37b0bf9e0a18492435d833bd570fed60.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Impact of Depiction of Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) in Baseline FDG PET/CT on Progression-free Survival in Lymphoma Patients 2061 2064 92223 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2061 EN Maseeh Uz Zaman Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. 0000-0001-9586-7034 Nosheen Fatima Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Department of NM and Theranostic, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. 0009-0000-1681-6416 Sidra Zaman Department of Medicine, MedStar Medical Centre, Maryland, USA. Anwar Ahmed Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Uzair Ahmed Students Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan. Minhaj Ahmed Students Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan. Areeba Zaman Department of Medicine, Integris Hospital, Oklahoma, USA. Rabiya Fatima Hashmi Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Journal Article 2025 08 09 Introduction: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity seen on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) has been increasingly recognized as a potential biomarker in various cancers, including lymphomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between posttreatment survival outcomes and BAT activity depicted in baseline FDG PET/CT scans in lymphoma patients. Material and Method: This retrospective study was conducted at the PET/CT Section of the Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan (2019–2025). The study was granted exemption by the Ethical Review Committee (2024-10630-31016). Patients with lymphoma (Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s; HL; NHL) whose baseline FDG PET/CT revealed BAT activation were selected. FDG PET/CT scan was acquired using a standardized protocol adopted from the European Association of Nuclear Medicine Guidelines (2015). These patients were followed for a mean of 03 years (range 15–36 months) for survival outcome (progression-free survival; PFS). Results: During the study period, 259 patients with lymphomas (96 HL and 163 HL) who had baseline FDG PET/CT were selected. The cohort included 75% males (n = 194) and 25% females (n = 65), with a median age of 58 years (range: 03-80). BAT activation was identified in 27% of patients (n = 69). A significant association was observed between BAT activation and higher 3-year PFS, with activated BAT patients achieving a survival rate of 78% compared to 58% in those without activation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Lymphoma patients with activated BAT depicted in their baseline FDG PET/CTs showed longer progression-free survival than those without. This study also emphasizes the need for further evaluation of BAT’s role in metabolism, tumor microenvironment, and long-term prognosis in patients with lymphomas. BAT brown adipose FD PET/CT Lymphoma survival https://journal.waocp.org/article_92223_ac238e7691aa55520863a461c66a10e8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Breast Cancer Therapy: Network Pharmacology of Several New Dithiocarbamate Complexes to Reveal Significant Target Proteins 2065 2077 92224 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2065 EN Rizal Irfandi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Jalan Daeng Tata Raya Makassar, 90244, Indonesia. 0000-0002-4845-3397 Indah Raya Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245, Indonesia. 0000-0001-8575-1994 Diana Eka Pratiwi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Jalan Daeng Tata Raya Makassar, 90244, Indonesia. Ahyar Ahmad Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245, Indonesia. 0000-0002-0913-4721 Ahmad Fudholi Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia. Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Institute of Science (LIPI), Bandung, Indonesia. Wisnu Ananta Kusuma Department of Computer Science, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. Rizka Fatriani Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. Dewi Luthfiana Bioinformatics Research Center, Indonesian Institute of Bioinformatics (INBIO), Malang, Indonesia. Maulida Mazaya Research Center for Computing, Research Organization for Electronics and Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia. Santi Santi Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Technology, Megarezky University, Makassar 90234, Indonesia. Nunuk Hariani Soekamto Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245, Indonesia. Hasnah Natsir Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245, Indonesia. Maming Maming Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245, Indonesia. Ramlawati Ramlawati Department of Natural Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia. Suriati Eka Putri Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Jalan Daeng Tata Raya Makassar, 90244, Indonesia. Desy Kartina Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Universitas Pakuan Bogor, Indonesia. Muhammad Nur Alam Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Jalan Daeng Tata Raya Makassar, 90244, Indonesia. Journal Article 2025 08 21 Purpose: This study aims to identify key molecular targets and pathways of newly designed metal–dithiocarbamate peptide complexes in breast cancer using a network pharmacology approach, addressing the limited understanding of their systems-level mechanisms of action. Methods: Fifteen essential metal dithiocarbamate complexes were evaluated using ADMET profiling and network pharmacology analysis. Potential protein targets were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction and SuperPred databases, followed by protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis via STRING and topological analysis using Cytoscape. Results: A total of 502 potential targets were identified, of which 21 hub proteins were extracted through network clustering. Topological analysis revealed CDK1, CCNA2, CCNB1, and CCNB2 as key hub genes with the highest degree (≥20), betweenness, and closeness centrality values. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that these targets were primarily involved in cell cycle regulation, cellular senescence, and p53 signaling pathway. Conclusion: This study provides a system-level perspective on the potential anticancer mechanisms of metal–dithiocarbamate complexes in breast cancer. Although the findings are predictive and computational, they highlight promising molecular targets that warrant further experimental validation. Network Pharmacology Dithiocarbamate breast cancer target proteins https://journal.waocp.org/article_92224_4ff86ee9fa3621fc323d8db23c2d4cef.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Caring Through Pain: Indonesian Families’ Experiences During Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Patients 2079 2088 92225 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2079 EN Dwi Retnaningsih Nursing Study Program, Universitas Widya Husada Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia. Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. 0000-0002-2649-4809 Nursalam Nursalam Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. 0000-0002-9052-6983 Hanik Endang Nihayati Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. 0000-0002-7688-1217 Ferry Efendy Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. 0000-0001-7988-9196 Kristiawati Kristiawati Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. 0000-0002-5609-0899 Dera Alfiyanti Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia. 0000-0003-4497-0271 Journal Article 2025 09 01 Purpose: This study aims to explore the lived experiences of families caring for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, focusing on the multidimensional impacts and coping mechanisms in the Indonesian cultural context. Method: Using Van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenological approach, this qualitative study involved 20 family members of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at a government hospital in Semarang, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, supported by field notes and demographic questionnaires. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo software and Colaizzi’s method to extract key themes and subthemes. Results: Four major themes emerged: (1) information on the impact of chemotherapy, which included physical, psychological, and socioeconomic changes experienced by patients and observed by families; (2) unpreparedness to face side effects, revealing families’ confusion and emotional responses due to a lack of knowledge; (3) The need for adequate information and support, highlighting the demand for clear communication and psychological guidance from healthcare providers; and (4) Hope and the meaning of being a caregiver, in which families found renewed strength, spiritual growth, and purpose throughout the caregiving journey. These findings highlight the complex emotional and social dynamics that families encounter during the cancer treatment process. Conclusions: Chemotherapy has a profound impact not only on patients but also on their families. A lack of preparedness and insufficient support intensify emotional and practical burdens. Therefore, a culturally sensitive, family-centered nursing intervention is crucial to enhance family resilience, ensure effective caregiving, and improve overall quality of life during cancer treatment in developing countries. Such culturally sensitive, family-centered nursing support is essential to strengthen caregiver resilience, reduce burden, and improve the quality of life for both patients and families during chemotherapy. breast cancer Chemotherapy Family multidimensional impact oncology nursing https://journal.waocp.org/article_92225_742baa49d9de3b2eebb7ceb144335cc9.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Thymosin α1 Augments CD8⁺ T-Cell Activation and Reverses Exhaustion In Vitro 2089 2096 92226 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2089 EN Smriti Mishra Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Post Somathne, Panvel, India. 0000-0002-4017-8722 Gaurang Telang Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Post Somathne, Panvel, India. 0000-0002-2220-5360 Anurag Sureshbabu Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Post Somathne, Panvel, India. BioRadius Therapeutic Research Pvt. Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra, India. 0009-0001-7698-8612 Samruddhi Kulkarni Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Post Somathne, Panvel, India. Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Post Somathne, Panvel, India. 0009-0004-9825-9164 Sagar Barage Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Post Somathne, Panvel, India. A.W. Santosh Kumar Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Post Somathne, Panvel, India. 0000-0002-9208-0153 Rajshri Singh Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Post Somathne, Panvel, India. 0009-0004-1162-6823 Journal Article 2025 09 02 Background: Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is a thymic peptide hormone secreted by the thymus gland with known immunomodulatory properties, yet its specific effects on human CD8⁺ T-cell function remain incompletely understood. This study investigates the influence of Tα1 on CD8⁺ T-cell proliferation, activation, cytokine secretion, and exhaustion status in vitro. Methods: Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation. Proliferation was measured using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based flow cytometry. Surface expression of activation markers (CD69, CD25, HLA-DR) and exhaustion markers (PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine secretion (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10) was assessed using a multiplex bead-based assay. T-cell exhaustion was induced by repeated CD3/CD28 stimulation before Tα1 treatment. Results: Tα1 alone moderately increased proliferation and activation of CD8⁺ T-cells, while the combination of Tα1 and CD3/CD28 significantly enhanced the proliferation index and surface expression of CD69, CD25, and HLA-DR compared with individual treatments. Cytokine secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 was elevated in the combination group, indicating enhanced effector function. In the exhaustion model, CD8⁺ T-cells exhibited overexpression of PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3, which was significantly reduced upon Tα1 treatment, suggesting a partial reversal of the exhausted phenotype. Conclusion: Tα1 promotes functional activation of CD8⁺ T-cells and mitigates exhaustion marker expression following chronic stimulation. These findings suggest that Tα1 could potentially serve as a supportive agent in T-cell-based immunotherapies by enhancing activation and partially reversing exhaustion in vitro, warranting further in vivo validation. Thymosin α1 CD8⁺ T cells T cell activation T cell exhaustion Immunomodulation https://journal.waocp.org/article_92226_c45c95c4c7d384380fd597361ee01201.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Assessment of Total Delays and Their Associated Factors among Breast, Cervical, and Head and Neck Cancers in Northwestern India: A Cross-Sectional Study 2097 2105 92227 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2097 EN Alain Abraham Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical Collage, Amritsar (BFUHS), India. 0009-0003-5492-0566 Sanjeev Mahajan Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical Collage, Amritsar (BFUHS), India. Preeti Padda Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical Collage, Amritsar (BFUHS), India. Jasleen Kaur Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical Collage, Amritsar (BFUHS), India. 0000-0002-5956-2687 Sukhmanpreet Kaur Sandhu Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical Collage, Amritsar (BFUHS), India. Ishaan Khanna Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical Collage, Amritsar (BFUHS), India. 0009-0004-9777-4690 Journal Article 2025 09 17 Background: Timely diagnosis and treatment are critical for improving cancer survival; however, significant delays persist across the cancer care continuum, particularly in resource-constrained settings like India. This study aimed to analyze the extent and patterns of delays among patients with breast, cervical, and head and neck cancers in northwestern India. Methods: This exploratory cross-sectional study included all histopathologically confirmed cases of the three cancer types who initiated radiotherapy at the Radiotherapy Department of Government Medical College, Amritsar, during December 1, 2023, to November 30, 2024. Data on sociodemographic profiles, clinical details, and treatment timelines were collected through interviews and medical records. Delays were categorized as appraisal, help-seeking, diagnostic, pre-treatment, system, and total delays. Analysis was conducted at the descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable levels. Median delays and interquartile ranges were calculated for each cancer type. Differences in delay intervals between cancer groups were assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis H test, and differences between two-category variables were assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Associations between categorical variables and the presence of prolonged total delay (≥120 days) were examined using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. Correlation between total delay and number of medical contacts was evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Finally, multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of prolonged total delay, and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 119 patients included in the study (45 breast, 28 cervical, and 46 head and neck cancers), breast cancer patients experienced the longest total delay (median: 282 days), followed by cervical (median: 199 days) and head and neck cancers (median: 190 days). System delay was the primary contributor across all three cancer types, driven largely by diagnostic delays. Appraisal delay was longest for breast cancer (median 155.5 days), help-seeking delay was longest for head and neck cancer (median 65 days), and pre-treatment delay was also longest for breast cancer (median 51.5 days). Variations in delays were observed across sociodemographic factors, but none reached statistical significance. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for a targeted, cancer-specific approach to address delays, with a focus on strengthening diagnostic services and improving system efficiency within the healthcare infrastructure. Implementing multi-pronged strategies for early detection, timely care, and prevention is crucial in reducing the cancer burden in this high-risk region. Cancer delays breast cancer Cervical cancer Head-and-neck cancer https://journal.waocp.org/article_92227_e4d34b56d093d0cce9732060a90f27ba.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Cancer Knowledge and Environmental Exposure Awareness Among Healthcare Workers and the General Public in Istanbul: A Cross-Sectional Study 2107 2116 92228 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2107 EN Ayşe Emel Önal Department of Public Health, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye. Community Medicine Application Research Center, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye. 0000-0001-8321-6517 Beyza Püren Selcan Gündoğdu Department of Public Health, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye. Melek Nur Aslan Fatih District Health Directorate, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Istanbul, Turkiye. Hasan İpekoğlu Silivri District Health Directorate, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Istanbul, Turkiye. Ömer Serdıl Demir Department of Public Health, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye. Mehmet Erinç Önal Department of Family Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye. Mustafa Oğuz Altuğ Department of Public Health, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye. Münevver Hasanusta Department of Public Health, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye. Gülsüm Nurhan İnce Department of Public Health, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye. Meryem Merve Ören Çelik Department of Public Health, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye. 0000-0002-3383-7830 Journal Article 2025 09 18 Objectives: A substantial proportion of cancers are preventable, yet awareness of risk factors and screening remains limited. This study assessed disparities in knowledge of cancer epidemiology, screening, and environmental risk factors between healthcare workers(HCWs) and the general public(GP) in two urban districts of Istanbul, and identified associated sociodemographic and behavioral determinants. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 309 participants using a structured 42-item questionnaire covering cancer epidemiology (15 items), screening (9), and environmental risk factors(18). Each correct response scored one point. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.944). Knowledge levels were analyzed across subgroups. Results: HCWs scored significantly higher than the GP in all domains: epidemiology (7.7 ± 3.6; 6.4 ± 2.8), screening (5.2 ± 2.7; 2.6 ± 2.1), and environmental risks (12.5 ± 5.0; 10.7 ± 5.7). Higher education, better income, and health-promoting behaviors were associated with increased knowledge. Despite this, notable gaps persisted. Breast cancer was widely recognized (86.1% HCWs; 81.9% GP), whereas awareness of lethal cancers like liver cancer was low (12.2% HCWs; 4.6% GP). Screening knowledge varied: HCWs were more aware of breast cancer screening; prostate and lung cancer screening were poorly recognized, particularly by the GP. While radiation risks were commonly known, links between smoking and non-lung cancers were largely unknown. Conclusion: Despite national programs, critical gaps in knowledge persist across all domains, including among HCWs. These disparities, shaped by education, income, and behavior, undermine prevention efforts. Tailored education strategies are needed to improve knowledge, especially environmental cancer literacy, and promote early detection in both groups. Cancer awareness cancer epidemiology cancer screening environmental risk factors public knowledge https://journal.waocp.org/article_92228_5361abad4378381c8d1716188540a795.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies DHX58 as a Promising Therapeutic Target and Prognostic Biomarker Across Multiple Tumor Types 2117 2127 92258 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2117 EN Hussam S Aziz Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, College of Health and Medical Technologies, Southern Technical University, Basrah, Iraq. Department of Medical Genetics, Bayan National Laboratory for Advanced Medical Diagnostics, Basrah, Iraq. 0009-0005-4990-6369 Ayoob Radhi Al-Zaalan Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, College of Health and Medical Technologies, Southern Technical University, Basrah, Iraq. Journal Article 2025 10 01 Background: DExH-box helicase 58 (DHX58/LGP2) is an innate immune regulator with a previously uncharacterized role in oncology. This study evaluates the multifaceted role of the DHX58 gene, examining its pan-cancer expression, prognostic value, and therapeutic potential across various tumor types through an extensive pan-cancer bioinformatics analysis. Methods: We conducted a bioinformatics analysis of DHX58 using TCGA and GTEx data from four platforms: GEPIA2, TIMER 2.0, UALCAN, and starBase. We assessed differential expression, prognostic significance and survival outcomes, drug sensitivity, functional enrichment, genomic alterations, protein–protein interactions, and DNA methylation across 32 cancer types. Results: Our findings revealed that the differential expression of the DHX58 gene across numerous cancers was context-dependent, with consistent downregulation in lung squamous cell carcinoma and upregulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Low DHX58 expression correlated with poor survival in kidney chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, sarcoma, and skin melanoma, but with favorable outcomes in other cancers, such as colon adenocarcinoma. Notably, low DHX58 expression was associated with increased sensitivity to birinapant and saracatinib. Genomic alterations were infrequent, and methylation patterns were largely unchanged. Functional enrichment analysis emphasized DHX58’s established role in innate immunity and antiviral responses, with its co-expressed genes implicated in viral defense pathways. Genomic profiling identified various alterations, including mutations and copy number variations, contributing to DHX58 dysregulation. Protein–protein interaction mapping solidified its central role in immune signaling, while DNA methylation analysis highlighted epigenetic regulation as another layer of control. Conclusion: Our pan-cancer analysis reveals that DHX58 has context-specific prognostic and predictive roles. While discrepancies between platforms exist, DHX58 emerges as a potential biomarker in specific cancers, particularly in the context of therapies involving agents like birinapant. These findings warrant further mechanistic and clinical investigation. DHX58 cancer Bioinformatics Gene expression drug sensitivity https://journal.waocp.org/article_92258_d30b64c0c53dec02cc26630e68c3f34a.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Optimizing Staging Imaging in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Predictive Factors and Guideline Alignment in Oman 2129 2135 92230 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2129 EN Reem Al Mazrouai Department of Radiology, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, Muscat, Oman. 0009-0003-8107-9143 Badrya Al Qassabi Department of Radiology, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, Muscat, Oman. Asmaa Alshizawi Department of Radiology, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman. Ibtisam Al Qanoobi Department of Radiology, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman. Hassan Ahmed Alsayegh Department of Biostatistics, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, Muscat, Oman. Suaad Alagbari Department of Breast Surgery, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre, Muscat, Oman. Journal Article 2025 10 06 Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of staging imaging in detecting distant metastases among women with early-stage breast cancer in Oman, assess alignment with international guidelines, and identify key patient factors that could guide selective imaging use. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, including women diagnosed with stage 0–II breast cancer between January 2014 and December 2019. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, imaging modalities, and outcomes were reviewed. Staging imaging included computed tomography (CT) with bone scintigraphy and/or positron emission tomography (PET-CT). The primary outcome was the prevalence of confirmed metastatic disease (M1). Fisher’s exact test was used to assess associations between clinicopathological factors and metastatic yield. The Number Needed to Image (NNI) was calculated to estimate the efficiency of imaging. Results: Among 207 patients, 187 (90.3%) underwent staging imaging. Suspicious findings were detected in 10 patients (5.3% of those imaged), but only six cases (3.2% of those imaged; 2.9% of the total cohort) were confirmed as true metastases. All confirmed metastases were identified using CT with bone scans, while PET-CT did not detect any additional cases. Lymph node status was the strongest predictor of metastases (p = 0.011). Node-positive patients had a 19.0% metastasis rate compared with 1.1% among node-negative patients. The NNI was 5 for node-positive versus 93 for node- negative patients, demonstrating the limited value of routine imaging in low-risk groups. Conclusion: The overall yield of routine staging imaging in early-stage breast cancer is low, with the greatest benefit observed in node-positive patients. Adopting risk-based, guideline- aligned imaging strategies could reduce unnecessary investigations, patient anxiety, and healthcare costs while ensuring optimal use of resources. breast cancer staging imaging lymph node status PET-CT guideline adherence https://journal.waocp.org/article_92230_21f79c9165c9460232d2c99d1b8b69fc.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 3D-reverts of HCT-116, MG-63, and SiHa Human Cancer Cell Lines – Promising Cancer Research Models 2137 2141 92233 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2137 EN Raveena Dhakshanamoorthy Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Gomathy Baskar Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Ravi Maddaly Department of Research, Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Kundrathur Main Road, Kovur, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 0000-0002-8616-449X Journal Article 2025 10 13 Objective: Human cancer cell lines have contributed immensely to cancer research. Advancements in cell culture techniques and contributions from modern biomedical engineering developments have enabled better utilization of such cell lines. There has been a major shift from the two-dimensional (2D) way of cell culture to the three-dimensional (3D) ways of culturing cells, which began about two decades ago. We propose an extension to this evolving trend in the form of 3D reverts (3DRs). Methods: 3D aggregates of three human cancer cell lines, HCT-116, MG-63, and SiHa, were obtained using agarose hydrogels as the matrix. 3DRs were obtained by introducing the floating 3D aggregates into scaffold-free culture units. These 3DRs were observed periodically, and images were obtained and analyzed for their culture characteristics. Results: The 3DRs of the three cell lines mimicked an explant-like features, with cells migrating out of the aggregates and attaching to the culture surfaces. Each cell line exhibited a unique pattern of migration of individual cells from their respective 3D aggregates to form 3DRs. The cells in the proliferative zone of HCT-116, MG-63, and SiHa aggregates showed single-cell mesenchymal-like, amoeboid-like and collective migration, respectively. The morphological features of the 3D aggregates of the cell lines used largely determined the type of cell movement exhibited for formation of the 3DRs. Conclusions: 3DR types of culture have not been well studied or described in detail previously. Although such cultures resemble 2D monolayers, the manner in which they develop differs among cell lines. Such 3DRs have potential as emerging models for in vitro cancer research experiments, especially for studies related to metastasis.  cancer cell lines 3D cultures 3D Reverts in vitro models cancer research https://journal.waocp.org/article_92233_75a8b0cefd90db24667900b607e62aa6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Refrigerator Ownership and the Decline of Gastric Cancer: A Global Overview 2143 2148 92232 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2143 EN Yee Siew Lim Dr Gray’s Hospital, Pluscarden Rd, Elgin IV30 1SN, United Kingdom. 0000-0003-1127-3728 Ya Wen Tan Penang General Hospital, Jalan Residensi, 10450 George Town, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Eshan Heng Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, 1345 Govan Rd, Glasgow G51 4TF, United Kingdom. Tee Hang Chia Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, 1345 Govan Rd, Glasgow G51 4TF, United Kingdom. Melanie Spiekermann Department of Surgery, South Auckland Clinical Campus, Middlemore Hospital, 10 Milton Road, Papatoetoe, Auckland 2024, New Zealand. Andrew Hill Department of Surgery, South Auckland Clinical Campus, Middlemore Hospital, 10 Milton Road, Papatoetoe, Auckland 2024, New Zealand. 0000-0001-8672-6379 Kean Ghee Lim MU University, Clinical Campus, Jalan Rasah, Seremban 70300, Malaysia. 0000-0001-6511-1826 Journal Article 2025 10 17 Objective: Refrigeration of food has been shown to mitigate environmental and dietary risk factors important in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Globally, the incidence of gastric cancer has decreased. This study aims to determine the relationship between refrigerator ownership and gastric cancer. Methods: Gastric cancer data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study, and refrigerator ownership data were sourced from GlobalDataLab. Countries were excluded from the analysis if they lacked refrigerator ownership data for more than 10 years or had over 80% ownership at the start of data collection. The relationship between the two variables was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Result: Countries were screened using the inclusion criteria, and 85 countries from five continents were included in the study. Seventy-three countries demonstrated a negative correlation between refrigerator ownership and gastric cancer among their male populations, and 55 countries showed comparable results among their female populations. Thirteen countries exhibited a positive correlation between the two variables. Conclusion: Increasing refrigerator ownership appears to be associated with decreasing gastric cancer rates. Further research is needed to identify the specific risk factors involved in gastric cancer pathogenesis in the 13 countries where this association was not observed. Gastric cancer Refrigeration Global Health https://journal.waocp.org/article_92232_9c8e0adf841d5efdd5d2505eea79b460.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Sesamin Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Progression via Modulation of Wnt/β-Catenin and Associated Oncogenic Pathways 2149 2155 92235 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2149 EN Heera Maheswari Jayaveeran Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Deemed to be University, Chennai-600095, India. 0009-0007-6751-9885 Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Deemed to be University, Chennai-600095, India. 0000-0003-1361-3386 Manju Parthiban Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Deemed to be University, Chennai-600095, India. 0009-0003-6809-7195 Selvaraj Jayaraman Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India. 0009-0008-2557-1471 Sureka Varalakshmi V Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Deemed to be University. West K. K. Nagar, Chennai - 600078, Tamil Nadu, India. Krithika Chandrasekaran Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Deemed to be University. West K. K. Nagar, Chennai - 600078, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal Article 2025 10 17 Objective: The current research aimed to explore the molecular pathway of sesamin in controlling the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and associated oncogenic regulators in ovarian cancer cells. Methods: Molecular docking was conducted to assess sesamin’s binding activity toward major signaling proteins (Wnt, β-catenin, GSK3β, TGF-β). Functional confirmation was performed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) to quantify gene expression following a 48-hour treatment of ovarian cancer cells with sesamin. Result: Docking simulations revealed strong binding affinities, particularly with Wnt (−9.19 kcal/mol), supported by hydrogen bond interactions. qPCR results showed significant downregulation of Wnt (50%), TGF-β (40%), GSK3β (25%), and β-catenin transcripts compared to the control (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Sesamin potently inhibits several oncogenic regulators within the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, positioning it as a potential multi-target natural therapeutic for ovarian cancer. These findings support sesamin as a promising candidate for further preclinical and clinical investigation, particularly as an adjuvant therapy to overcome drug resistance and limit tumor progression. Keywords: ovarian cancer Sesamin anticancer activity https://journal.waocp.org/article_92235_2198b4118470e2f9e9555536f3b4b555.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 MUC5AC Protein Expression as a Potential Predictor of Metastasis in Mucinous Ovarian Carcinoma: Unveiling a New Biomarker in a Rare Cancer Subtype 2157 2162 92236 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2157 EN Rina Masadah Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. 0000-0002-1380-4759 Syahrul Rauf Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. 0000-0002-4137-4354 Desy Ekadamadayani Ahmad Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Muhammad Faruk Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. 0000-0002-7079-4585 Journal Article 2025 10 20 Background: Mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) is a distinct and lethal histological subtype of ovarian cancer, frequently characterized by late-stage diagnosis and chemoresistance. The role of MUC5AC a gel-forming mucin associated with aggressive behavior in various epithelial malignancies remains under-investigated in the context of MOC metastasis, particularly within Indonesian populations. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between MUC5AC expression and metastatic occurrence in MOC to determine its utility as a predictive biomarker. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 63 MOC tissue samples, collected between 2021 and 2024. MUC5AC expression was evaluated via immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a semi-quantitative scoring system. Statistical associations were determined using the Chi-square test, with an emphasis on calculating the odds ratio (OR) for metastatic risk. Results: Among the 63 cases, metastatic involvement (omental or extra-ovarian) was identified in 37 samples (58.7%).  A significant correlation was noted between high MUC5AC expression and the occurrence of metastasis in MOC (p=0.002). Furthermore, tumors exhibiting high MUC5AC expression demonstrated a 6.4-fold increased probability of metastasis compared to those with low expression (OR = 6.40; 95% CI: 1.89–21.5). Conclusion: Elevated MUC5AC expression is significantly correlated with metastatic involvement in primary MOC. These findings suggest that MUC5AC has the potential to serve as a predictive biomarker for metastasis in this rare cancer subtype, potentially assisting in the identification of patients who require more intensive staging and surveillance. MUC5AC Mucinous Ovarian Carcinoma Metastasis Biomarker https://journal.waocp.org/article_92236_a9a9c6b759c8f4485b5cf07249c31492.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Orange Peel Extract-Mediated Green Synthesis of PEG-Modified ZnO Nanoparticles: Structural Characterization, Biocompatibility, and Anticancer Efficacy 2163 2174 92237 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2163 EN Manasa Kodali Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, India. 0009-0000-3073-8792 Subramani Kaloni Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, India. 0000-0001-9242-6540 Rithanya M Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, India. 0009-0001-9676-1984 Koyeli Girigoswami Medical Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, India. 0000-0003-1554-5241 Journal Article 2025 10 21 Objectives: Engineered nanomaterials could potentially interact with biomolecules and intracellular processes, as many biological activities take place at the nanoscale level. Conventional anticancer therapies have several limitations, which warrant the introduction of alternative cancer cell killing agents. Methods: In the present study, we have synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using orange peel extract and encapsulated them inside polyethylene glycol (PEG), a biocompatible polymer (PEG-ZnO-OP). Different characterization techniques were performed to ensure the proper synthesis of the nanoparticles. The biocompatibility was assessed by the MTT assay using normal fibroblast cells, 3T3L1, hemolysis assay, and zebrafish embryo studies. Finally, the anticancer activity in vitro was estimated by the MTT assay in the lung cancer cell line. Results: The hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential were 43 nm and -20 mV, respectively, showing an ultrasmall size and moderate stability in an aqueous environment. The XRD data suggested a good crystalline structure; SEM and EDX showed size distribution between 81 nm and 143 nm, and the presence of Zn and O, along with other trace elements, was probably contributed by the orange peel extract. The PEG-ZnO-OP nanoparticles were highly biocompatible up to a dose of 50 μg/mL, as assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Further, the anticancer activity showed a high cell killing effect with an IC50 value of 43.88 μg/ml. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that our synthesized PEG-ZnO-OP nanoparticles were safe to administer and could cause significant cancer cell killing. Future studies involving the anticancer effect in other cell lines and animal models need further exploration. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles orange peel extract zebrafish embryos anticancer activity Healthcare https://journal.waocp.org/article_92237_34854928abd49bc50b3b342e53064845.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Synergistic Effect of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester and Deuterium Oxide in Colon Cancer: An In Vitro Evaluation 2175 2182 92239 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2175 EN Gülşah Darama Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Türkiye. 0000-0003-1400-5067 Öykü Bora Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye. 0000-0002-6904-7435 Ferhat Bostancı Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Türkiye. 0000-0002-2841-5705 Leila Mehdizadehtapeh Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye. 0000-0001-8759-5016 Serap Andaç Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Türkiye. 0000-0002-6253-4118 İsmail Hakki Tekiner Independent Researcher, Istanbul, Türkiye. 0000-0002-7248-2446 Hüseyin Abdik Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Türkiye. 0000-0003-3756-0645 Journal Article 2025 10 22 Objective: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and deuterium oxide (D2O), known as heavy water, have anticancer properties. However, their combined effects in colon cancer have not been addressed yet. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of CAPE and D2O in colon cancer using in vitro techniques. Methods: The cancer cells (HCT-116) were treated with CAPE and D2O alone and in combination to evaluate their cell viability (CV), induction of apoptosis, expression levels of tumor proliferative (AKT, NF-κB, CCND1), tumor suppressor (p16, BAX, TP53, p21) genes, and colony-forming ability, respectively. Result: The combined treatment of 10 µM CAPE and 30% D₂O in human colon cancer cells (HCT-116) were significantly: (i)cytotoxic on the CV; (i)induced apoptosis, (iii)downregulated the expression of AKT, NF-κB and CCND1 while upregulated the expression of p16, BAX, and TP53, without altering p21 level, and (iv)suppressed the cells’ colony forming ability, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: Overall, CAPE and D₂O may be an effective adjuvant for enhancing therapeutic efficacy in colon cancer. However, further research is needed to determine whether their synergistic effects are also selective in other malignancies, as well as with their toxicokinetic potential. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester deuterium oxide heavy water Colon cancer https://journal.waocp.org/article_92239_d07bf5162af66b4c0e2d5e966b8d4ec1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Unit Cost Analysis of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia 2183 2187 92240 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2183 EN Damai Santosa Postgraduate Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia. 0000-0002-6093-5049 Chriswardani Suryawati Department of Health Policy Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia. 0000-0001-6617-6672 Ayun Sriatmi Department of Health Policy Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia. 0000-0002-5950-9958 Journal Article 2025 10 24 Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment for hematologic malignancies, yet access in Indonesia remains limited due to high costs and its exclusion from the national health insurance scheme. This study determined the unit cost of allogeneic HSCT at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital using the activity-based costing (ABC) approach. Methods: A mixed-method design combined retrospective cost data from three donor–recipient pairs that received HSCT during the January 2023 – December 2024 period and thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with clinical and administrative staff. Costs were categorized as direct and indirect, mapped along the HSCT clinical pathway, and analyzed descriptively. Results: The total unit cost of allogeneic HSCT was IDR 377,978,399, comprising IDR 297,063,048 for recipients and IDR 80,915,351 for donors. Post-transplant care was the major cost driver among recipients (IDR 157,843,439), while harvesting represented the highest donor-related cost (IDR 37,819,185). However, comparison with current hospital tariffs demonstrated CRRs of 218.8–239.0% for recipients and 113.7–123.6% for donors, suggesting that existing tariff packages exceed the estimated unit costs and may generate a financial surplus.Conclusions: The ABC method effectively identified major cost components and financial gaps, highlighting the need for updated reimbursement models and BPJS coverage inclusion to ensure long-term HSCT program sustainability in Indonesia. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Activity-Based Costing Unit Cost Acute leukemia Indonesia https://journal.waocp.org/article_92240_77debc9614f52edc17165ad00a4137a7.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Novel Anticancer Mechanism of Chamuangone through the Inhibition of Oncogenic Protein-Driven Oxidative Stress 2189 2201 92234 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2189 EN Woraya Thianthong Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand. Thanyarat Srichainan Medical Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand. Boonya Shuntawiwat Medical Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand. Sahaphum Laprom Medical Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand. Petcharat Chiangsaen Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand. Sarinya Kongpetch Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 0000-0001-9767-4906 Kiattawee Choowongkomon Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. 0000-0002-2421-7859 Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand. Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand. Papavee Samatiwat Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand. 0000-0003-0745-864X Journal Article 2025 10 24 Objective: To evaluate the anticancer mechanisms of Chamuangone against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. Methods: Chamuangone was tested for cytotoxicity against KKU-100 and KKU-452 cells for 24 and 48 h. Apoptosis, cell proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using Annexin V, Ki-67, JC-1 assays, and DCFH-DA fluorescence probe, respectively. Oncology proteins expression was measured. Results: Chamuangone inhibited CCA cell growth in a dose- and time- dependent manner, with IC50 values in KKU- 100 cells of 1.175 and 0.331 μg/mL at 24 and 48 hours, respectively; in KKU- 452 cells, the IC50 values were 1.208 and 0.428 μg/mL. Consequently, Chamuangone at 1.5 and 3.0 μg/mL effectively induced both early and late apoptosis in a statistically significant manner, which correlated with a marked reduction in cell proliferation, as evidenced by the decrease in Ki-67 positive populations to 49.04% and 17.02%, respectively. Chamuangone at concentrations of 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 μg/mL significantly induced mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing the Red/Green fluorescence ratio across all time points (3–24 h), indicating a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential that triggers apoptosis. The induction of intracellular oxidative stress was  indicated by a significant increase in the high-dose group of Chamuangone. Moreover, it also suppressed the expression of key ROS- and oxidative stress–associated oncogenic proteins, including Carbonic Anhydrase IX, Enolase2, CXCL8/IL-8, Galectin-3, EGFR/ErbB1, Progranulin, FGF basic, Dkk-1, p27/kip1, Mesothelin, Survivin, leading to redox imbalance and apoptosis in KKU-100 cells. Conclusion: Chamuangone inhibits CCA cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis through mechanisms involving the suppression of the Ki67, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ROS accumulation, and downregulation of oncogenic-related proteins involved in proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress. Thus, Chamuangone has significant potential as a lead compound for the development of novel CCA therapeutics. cholangiocarcinoma Anticancer Chamuangone oxidative stress Oncogenic proteins https://journal.waocp.org/article_92234_f278eea397b38fc421b52e490612d35f.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Melatonin Receptors in Uterine Leiomyomas: An Immunohistochemical Study 2203 2210 92238 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2203 EN Rasha Mohamed Samir Sayed Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Egypt. Ahmed A. A. Taha Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt. Ahlam Wagih Mohamed Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt. Shereen Mahmoud Refaie Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Alhasa, Saudi Arabia. Mohamed AbdelSalam Newira General and Bariatric Surgery, Arab Bariatric and Plastic Center, Egypt. 0000-0002-0206-8098 Hanaa Mohammed Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Al Rayan National Colleges, Madina, Saudi Arabia. Journal Article 2025 10 26 Background: Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age, often causing significant symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, pain, and infertility. Melatonin, a hormone with anti-proliferative and oncostatic properties, has been studied; however, its effects on uterine leiomyomas remain unclear. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 in uterine leiomyomas compared to normal myometrium, and to correlate their expression with clinical and histopathological features. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on ninety cases retrieved (60 leiomyoma cases, thirty normal myometrium controls). Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the expression of MT1 and MT2 receptors. Clinical data were collected, and statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between receptor expression and demographic, clinical, and histological features. Results: MT1 and MT2 were significantly overexpressed in leiomyomas compared to controls (MT1: 70% vs. 30%, p < 0.0001; MT2: 60% vs. 16.7%, p < 0.0001). A strong positive correlation was observed between MT1 and MT2 expression (r = 0.6, p < 0.0001). MT1 score varied significantly with age (p = 0.03), tumor location (p = 0.04), and presenting symptoms (p = 0.03), while MT2 expression was positively associated with the number of lesions (p = 0.033). Conclusion: Melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 are significantly upregulated in uterine leiomyomas, suggesting a potential role in their pathogenesis. These findings support further investigation into melatonin-based therapies as adjunctive treatments for leiomyomas. Melatonin receptors Uterine leiomyoma immunohistochemistry MT1 MT2 https://journal.waocp.org/article_92238_164bcab57f4e113b0325cc79ebf19447.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 The Anticancer Effects of Salvia palaestina Essential Oil Grown in Iraq 2211 2217 92241 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2211 EN Hiba Abdulmohsin Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. Mohammed Qasim Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. 0000-0001-5047-5854 Journal Article 2025 10 26 Objective: This preliminary in vitro study aimed to isolate the essential oil of Salvia palaestina and evaluate its cytotoxic activity against SKG-T4 and A2780 cancer cell lines. Methods: The aerial parts of the plant were air dried, ground, and subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus for 3 hours. The obtained oil was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and stored at +4°C in the dark until use. GC/MS analysis was performed to identify the major phytochemical constituents. Cytotoxicity was assessed using a colorimetric MTT assay on esophageal SKG-T4 and ovarian A2780 cancer cell lines, with normal human fibroblasts (NHF) serving as the control. Cells were treated with serial concentrations of S. palaestina essential oil (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.12 µl/ml) for 72 hours. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism software (version 8). Result: Treatment with the essential oil resulted in decreased cell viability in a concentration dependent manner. At 100µl/ml, cytotoxicity reached 62.8% in SKG-T4 cells and 52.3% in A2780 cells. The IC₅₀ values were 57.9µl/ml for SKG-T4 and 72.9µl/ml for A2780 cells, indicating notable anti cancer potential. The essential oil was slightly more potent in SKG-T4 cells and exhibited considerably lower cytotoxicity toward NHF cells, where 100µl/ml caused 27.2% cytotoxicity, with an IC₅₀ of 492.1µl/ml. The safety index (SI = IC₅₀₍non cancer₎ / IC₅₀₍cancer₎) was 8.5 for SKG-T4 and 6.8 for A2780, demonstrating greater selectivity toward cancer cells. Microscopic examination revealed morphological features of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and apoptotic body formation. GC/MS analysis showed limonene as the major constituent (73.05%), along with other phytochemicals with known anti cancer properties. Conclusion: The essential oil of Salvia palaestina demonstrates promising anti cancer activity, characterized by concentration dependent cytotoxicity and a favorable safety index, supporting its potential as a selective anticancer agent. Essential Oil salvia palaestina Cytotoxicity https://journal.waocp.org/article_92241_dc5087f97b9b4455f354f401873a4dd6.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Sodium Butyrate Activity in Colorectal Cancer under Hypoxia: A Potential Role for Carbonic Anhydrase IX 2219 2224 92242 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2219 EN Haifa Alayssami Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon. Mahmood Y Hachim College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Abiola Senok College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Salim Moussa Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon. 0000-0002-2931-2679 Journal Article 2025 10 30 Background/Aim: Hypoxia poses a significant challenge to cancer therapy. The impact of hypoxia on butyrate, a gut metabolite that has anti-colorectal-cancer properties, is unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the activity of sodium butyrate (NaB) under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, this study was the first to investigate the potential of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a hypoxia-regulated gene, as a target for NaB. Materials and Methods:  The Caco-2 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cell lines were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mM NaB under hypoxic and normoxic conditions for 24 and 48 hours. We assessed cell viability and clonogenicity rates using an MTT assay and a colony-forming assay, respectively. RT-PCR was used to measure the effect of NaB on CA IX expression level. Results: After 24 hours of treatment with NaB, the percentage of viable HT-29 cells decreased under normoxic conditions, while it remained unchanged under hypoxic conditions. After 48 hours, the percentage of viable HT-29 cells decreased under both oxygen conditions. The viability of normoxic and hypoxic Caco-2 cells was only reduced after 48 hours of NaB application. Interestingly, NaB significantly reduced the number of HT-29 and Caco-2 colonies in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. NaB significantly decreased CA IX mRNA expression level in HT-29 hypoxic cells after 48 hours (p <0.0001), but not after 24 hours. Conclusion: At the beginning, hypoxia caused an alteration in the anti-colorectal-cancer activity of NaB, which then returned to normal. Our data revealed the novel finding that NaB downregulates CA IX, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer that targets tumor metabolism and pH regulation.  Sodium butyrate Normoxia hypoxia carbonic anhydrase IX colorectal cancer https://journal.waocp.org/article_92242_3d5f7cc3c2a21fc14a5769bbc96772a1.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Reliability and Validity Assessment of the General Medication Adherence Scale among Breast Cancer Patients in Pakistan 2225 2234 92243 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2225 EN Daniya Noreen Dow Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Sadia Shakeel Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Najia Rahim Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Sana Shamim Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Fakhsheena Anjum Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Ale Zehra Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Ghulam Haider Department of Clinical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan. Ayesha Shakeel Ahmed Institute of Medical Technology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. Journal Article 2025 10 31 Background: Adherence rates to adjuvant therapy for breast cancer are often suboptimal, which raises the risk of recurrence, lowers survival rates, and increases healthcare expenses. The present study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in identifying adherence to adjuvant cancer therapy (ACT) in breast cancer patients. Method: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on breast cancer patients using the Urdu version of the GMAS. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (α) and inter-item correlations. The instrument was subjected to principal component factor analysis (PCFA) with varimax rotation. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and PCFA were performed using IBM SPSS version 23, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out using IBM AMOS version 25. Results: Cronbach’s alpha of the GMAS was found to be 0.882, confirming that the scale has good reliability. The mean score was significantly different among items ensuring the significance of each item in the GMAS scale (Tukey’s test p< 0.0001; Chi-square=38.825, p< 0.0001). A total of 204 female responses were recorded; the mean age was 41.2±9.5 years. It was observed that n=95 (46.5%) of patients showed partial adherence whereas n=76 (37.2%) patients were highly adherent to ACT. The probability of patients’ adhering to their therapy was greater among those who were employed [OR = 1.95, 95% CI (1.27, 2.62)] and have higher level of education [OR = 2.93, 95% CI (1.39, 4.46)]. The potential reasons for non-adherence were the cost of treatment n=44 (21.5%), adverse effects n=33 (16.1%), depression and emotional stress n=32 (15.6%). Conclusions: The Urdu version of GMAS, validated with good internal reliability, proved to be a feasible and accurate tool for measuring adherence among breast cancer patients.  Breast cancer patients Medication Adherence adjuvant therapy GMAS Pakistan https://journal.waocp.org/article_92243_478704bcf1285e9b1f6b1b237552aca8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 HCC-miR: A Simple, Noninvasive, and Sensitive Model for Early Diagnosis of HCV-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma 2235 2241 92244 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2235 EN Maiada Ayad Cancer Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Capital University, Cairo, Egypt. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Capital University, Cairo, Egypt. Hani Saleh Cancer Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Capital University, Cairo, Egypt. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Capital University, Cairo, Egypt. Hatem A. El-Mezayen Cancer Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Capital University, Cairo, Egypt. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Capital University, Cairo, Egypt. Mohamed El-Kassas Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Capital University, Cairo, Egypt. Aml El-Sharkawy Damietta Cancer Institute, Damietta, Egypt. Journal Article 2025 10 31 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains the predominant etiological factor in Egypt. The limited sensitivity and specificity of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) continue to hinder early HCC detection. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic significance of circulating microRNA-155 (miRNA-155) expression in HCV-related HCC and to develop a novel, noninvasive diagnostic model combining miRNA-155 with routine biomarkers.  Methods: A total of 42 HCV-positive HCC patients, 83 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Clinical, hematologic, and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Circulating miRNA-155 levels were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR and normalized to U6 RNA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and multivariate discriminant analyses were used to develop a composite diagnostic model integrating AFP, albumin, platelet count, INR, AST/ALT ratio, and miRNA-155, designated the HCC-miR Score. Results: Liver function tests and hematologic indices showed progressive deterioration from controls to LC and HCC groups. miRNA-155 expression was significantly elevated in HCC (6.71 ° 3.38) compared with LC (5.44 ° 2.31) and controls (1.27 ° 0.68) (p < 0.0001). The HCC-miR Score demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.753) to AFP alone (AUC = 0.713), achieving 100% sensitivity and 68% specificity at a cutoff value of 0.32. The model effectively discriminated early-stage, small-sized, and well-differentiated tumors from cirrhotic cases, outperforming AFP across all subgroups. Conclusion: Circulating miRNA-155 is markedly upregulated in HCV-related HCC and correlates strongly with disease progression. The novel HCC-miR Score represents a simple, sensitive, and noninvasive model for the early diagnosis of HCC in high-risk HCV patients.  Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis C Virus miRNA-155 Alpha-fetoprotein https://journal.waocp.org/article_92244_112c670b6eebc15fee0d5cf2ab2ccaae.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Prognostic and Clinical Significance of Circulating Cystatin C Levels in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis 2243 2250 92245 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2243 EN Sehreen Tory Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye. Al Mutma’innah Maa O Shishu Hospital, Rajarbag Shareef, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 0000-0001-7811-8349 Md. Mojahidur Hasan Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye. Al Mutma’innah Maa O Shishu Hospital, Rajarbag Shareef, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 0000-0002-1774-743X Yusuf Kemal Arslan Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye. 0000-0003-1308-8569 Yasemin Saygideger Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye. Department of Pulmonary, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Türkiye. 0000-0003-3293-373X Yusuf Tutar Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye. 0000-0003-2613-9644 Journal Article 2025 11 01 Background: Cystatin C (CysC) exhibits both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects. Although elevated circulating CysC levels have been reported in multiple cancer types, studies assessing its prognostic value have produced conflicting results. This study aims to resolve these discrepancies and clarify the role of CysC as a prognostic marker.Methods: A literature search was conducted in multiple databases. The pooled Hazard Ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the prognostic significance of CysC, while the Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% CI was used to evaluate its clinicopathological associations in various cancers. Sources of heterogeneity were identified by performing subgroup and meta-regression analyses. The study was registered in PROSPERO. Results: Twelve studies comprising 7678 patients were included in the analysis. The study found that elevated CysC levels were associated with worse overall survival (OS); pooled HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.22–2.10; p = 0.0006, I² = 84%. Subgroup analyses indicated that renal cancer, follow-up time >2.5 years, and study location (China) were linked to worse survival, and all subgroups contributed to significant heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the pooled results. Additionally, CysC levels correlated with T stage, N stage, TNM stage, and sex, but not with smoking. Conclusion: Elevated CysC is associated with worse overall survival, but significant heterogeneity warrants cautious interpretation. Cystatin C CysC prognostic role cancer Meta-analysis https://journal.waocp.org/article_92245_7172cd8f21db99c739fc2adf24a4515d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Combined Diagnostic Utility of Serum CA15-3 and Routine Hematological Indicators for Breast Cancer Differentiation in an Iraqi Cohort 2251 2258 92259 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2251 EN Mohammed Jaber Mohaibes Department of Radiology and Sonar Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Gilgamesh University, 10022 Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq. 0009-0009-7458-6626 Mayada Al-Khafaji Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Gilgamesh University, Baghdad, Iraq. 0009-0001-7484-8296 Fakhria Muhaibes College of Nursing, University of Al-Mustaqbal, Babylon, Iraq. 0000-0002-1269-2302 Journal Article 2025 11 03 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of mortality among Iraqi women, underscoring the need for accessible diagnostic tools. This study evaluates the combined utility of the tumor marker CA15-3 and routine hematological parameters as an adjunctive tool for distinguishing between treatment-naïve BC patients with a pre-existing diagnosis and healthy individuals. Methods: In this case-control study, 100 female BC patients (Group I) and 50 healthy controls (Group II) were recruited. Serum CA15-3 levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), and a complete blood count was performed. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, ROC curve analysis, and logistic regression to develop a combined diagnostic model. All BC patients were treatment-naïve and were required to submit blood samples prior to undergoing any surgical procedure, although they had already been diagnosed. Results: CA15-3 levels were significantly higher in BC patients (26.1 ± 7.5 U/mL) than in controls (7.54 ± 2.6 U/mL; P < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed in white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), lymphocyte, and platelet counts (all P < 0.05). ROC analysis showed excellent diagnostic performance for CA15-3 alone (AUC = 0.98). A combined model integrating CA15-3 with the four hematological parameters achieved a superior AUC of 0.99, with 96% sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: Elevated CA15-3 is confirmed as a key diagnostic marker for BC. Integrating CA15-3 with specific, routinely measured hematological indicators provides an improved, accessible, and cost-effective adjunctive tool for differentiating treatment-naïve BC patients from healthy individuals. This approach may be particularly useful for triaging patients with suspicious symptoms or monitoring those with established diagnoses. KEYWORDS: Breast cancer CA15-3 hematological parameters Diagnostic accuracy Iraq https://journal.waocp.org/article_92259_02cfbc9c5ad4963a849988ab0904fc4d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Molecular and Lifestyle Determinants of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Bangladesh: Dietary Patterns Independent of HPV and TERT Promoter Mutations 2259 2268 92247 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2259 EN Rokhsana Akter Liza Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh. Enayetur Raheem Biomedical Research Foundation, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Sonia Akter Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh. Md. Nadimul Hasan National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ami Hasan Jamil Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh. Abdullah Al Thufayal Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh. Md. Morshedul Alam Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh. Ashekul Islam Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh. M. Rezaul Karim Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh. 0000-0001-5440-0315 Journal Article 2025 11 03 Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer globally and constitutes a major public health burden in Bangladesh, with approximately 7.5% of all cancer-related deaths. Although tobacco and betel-quid use are recognized risk factors, dietary patterns may also contribute to OSCC development. Objective: This study investigated the association of lifestyle and dietary factors with OSCC in Bangladeshi patients and explored the potential involvement of TERT promoter mutations and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Methods: A hospital-based, case–control study was conducted involving 47 histopathologically confirmed OSCC patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls without cancer or chronic illness. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Tumor DNA was analyzed for TERT promoter mutations and HPV DNA using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Statistical analyses were performed using multivariable logistic regression to identify significant associations. Results: Excessive betel-quid chewing was strongly associated with OSCC (p < 0.01). Among 39 sequenced OSCC samples, 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at position –245 (A>G) and one hotspot mutation at position –124 (G>A) of the TERT promoter were identified substantially lower than frequencies reported in other populations. No HPV DNA was detected in any sample. Certain dietary patterns such as low fruit and vegetable intake and high consumption of betel quid were linked to increased OSCC risk. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that, in Bangladeshi patients, specific dietary and lifestyle factors, rather than HPV infection or TERT promoter mutations, contribute significantly to OSCC development. Targeted public health strategies emphasizing nutritional awareness and cessation of betel-quid use are recommended. oral squamous cell carcinoma DIETARY PATTERNS betel quid Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) Human papillomavirus (HPV) https://journal.waocp.org/article_92247_f3305eacb92517041102051aab9e7bf4.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Blood-Based vs. Tissue-Based mRNA Expression of Thymidylate Synthase, Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase, and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase: A Prospective Study to Predict the Neoadjuvant CAPEOX Response in Advanced Colorectal Cancer 2269 2278 92248 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2269 EN Elvida Christi Imelda Tahiya Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. 0009-0009-3777-9947 Ronald Erasio Lusikooy Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. 0000-0001-5015-4583 Ilhamjaya Patellongi Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. 0000-0002-1100-4360 Warsinggih Warsinggih Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. 0000-0002-1756-9039 Julianus Aboyaman Uwuratuw Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. 0000-0002-7116-6628 Erwin Syarifuddin Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. 0000-0003-1706-8389 Ibrahim Labeda Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. 0000-0002-5471-7109 Samuel Sampetoding Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. 0000-0003-2690-0843 Muhammad Ihwan Kusuma Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. 0000-0002-5414-1859 Muhammad Faruk Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. 0000-0002-7079-4585 Journal Article 2025 11 05 Background: Fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy is a fundamental treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), yet its therapeutic efficacy is often limited by significant inter-individual variability. Enzymes involved in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are critical determinants of drug response. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular correlation between TS, DPD, and MTHFR mRNA expression in paired tumor tissue and peripheral blood samples, while simultaneously developing and validating a non-invasive predictive nomogram to forecast therapeutic response to neoadjuvant CAPEOX (capecitabine–oxaliplatin) chemotherapy in advanced CRC. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 36 patients with stage III–IV CRC receiving CAPEOX. mRNA expression of TS, DPD, and MTHFR was quantified using qRT-PCR from paired tumor and peripheral blood samples. Chemotherapy response was evaluated using RECIST 1.1 criteria. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlation, the Mann–Whitney U test, and multivariate logistic regression. A nomogram was constructed based on significant predictors. Results: DPD and MTHFR expression levels were significantly lower in responders than in non-responders (p < 0.001), while TS expression showed no significant difference. Gene expression in tissue and blood was strongly correlated (r = 0.820 for TS, r = 0.658 for DPD, and r = 0.623 for MTHFR; all p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified blood-based DPD and MTHFR expression as independent predictors of response. The predictive nomogram demonstrated excellent discrimination (AUC = 0.932). Conclusion: Lower DPD and MTHFR expression predicts a favorable response to neoadjuvant CAPEOX in advanced CRC. These biomarkers offer a promising, non-invasive approach to personalizing treatment strategies potentially enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing unnecessary toxicity. colorectal cancer Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase Gene expression https://journal.waocp.org/article_92248_8188ccbd9d9232c1f2fd0b48244715c5.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Vitamin D3 Supplementation Modulates C-MYC/VEGF and Improves Chemotherapy Outcomes in Metastatic CRC Patients: Integrated Clinical–Mechanistic Evidence 2279 2285 92249 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2279 EN Aya M.A. Rahman Cancer Biology Department, (Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology), South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. 0009-0004-0559-2321 Nivin A Hassan Cancer Biology Department, (Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology), South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Marwa S. Hamza Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt. Noha Gaber Oncological Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. 0000-0002-7895-4061 Mervat M. Omran Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Samia A. Shouman Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Salah M. Khallaf Medical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. 0000-0002-5189-9525 Journal Article 2025 11 09 Objective: Systemic chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine regimens is the cornerstone of management for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and potential molecular mechanisms of adding vitamin D3 supplementation to fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy in metastatic CRC patients. Methods: This study evaluated the clinical effects of vitamin D3 addition to fluoropyrimidine therapy. Serum vitamin D3 levels and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cellular myelocytomatosis (C-Myc) were determined at baseline and after two months of therapy. Clinical endpoints such as overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Results: Patients supplemented with vitamin D3 had a significant rise in the median vitamin D3 levels after two months (8 (6–14) to 13.5 (8–16.3) ng/mL; Δ +5.5 (3–8); Wilcoxon p<0.001), whereas those in the control group, who did not receive supplementation, experienced a decline in median vitamin D3 levels (11 (8–14.3) to 9 (8–16.3) ng/mL; Δ −2 (−4 to +1); Wilcoxon p=0.01). Supplementation was also associated with greater downregulation of VEGF and C-Myc expression (p<0.05). The overall response rate was higher in the vitamin D3 group of patients (63.3% vs. 25.8%; p<0.01), and median PFS was significantly prolonged (9.1 vs. 6.5 months; p=0.028). Conclusion: Our study suggests that vitamin D3 enhances fluoropyrimidine efficacy in metastatic CRC patients by modulating angiogenesis and proliferation pathways, supporting its potential as a safe, low-cost adjunct to chemotherapy. Keywords: Metastatic Colorectal cancer fluoropyrimidine Progression-free survival https://journal.waocp.org/article_92249_89420b67c3f118a437d8606f612b8f4d.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Gene Expression Alterations of TIMP3, ELASTIN, K-RAS, and BRAF in Colorectal Cancer Patients with H. pylori Infection 2287 2294 92250 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2287 EN Ayat Majeed Zeadan Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of science, Cairo University, Egypt. Microbiology Department, Collage of Medicine, Al-Iraqia University, Iraq. 0009-0002-0496-9401 Tarek Mousaa Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of science, Cairo University, Egypt. 0000-0002-5612-4366 Ahmed Rushdi Abdullah Microbiology Department, Collage of Medicine, Al-Iraqia University, Iraq. 0000-0002-9133-2523 Journal Article 2025 11 25 Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with over 1.9 million new cases and 0.9 million deaths reported in 2020. The role of Helicobacter pylori infection in CRC pathogenesis remains a significant area of research. This study aimed to investigate the association between H. pylori infection, and genetic alterations in CRC patients. Methods: A total of 110 blood and tissue biopsy samples were collected from CRC patients at Ghazi AL-Hariri Specialized Surgery Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, between November 2023 and August 2024. An additional 36 samples from non-cancer patients were used as controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect H. pylori-specific immunoglobulins (IgG). Gene expression analysis of ELASTIN, TIMP3, K-RAS, and BRAF was performed using RT-qPCR. Results: The study found that H. pylori infection was present in 79.5% of CRC patients, with significant IgG seropositivity (p < 0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed a significant downregulation of TIMP3 and alterations in ELASTIN, K-RAS, and BRAF (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, chronic H. pylori infection may contribute to CRC pathogenesis through sustained inflammation and genetic dysregulation. The study highlights TIMP3 suppression as a potential factor in CRC progression, warranting further investigation into its clinical implications. colorectal cancer Helicobacter pylori TIMP3 K-ras BRAF https://journal.waocp.org/article_92250_beacd0d05fbf9d26a955c2101c15a22c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Upstaging of Operable Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach and Gastroesophageal Junction Following Staging Laparoscopy (SL): High-Risk Clinicopathological Features Requisite for Mandatory SL 2295 2300 92252 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2295 EN Ananth S Mathad Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. Rohan Patil Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. 0009-0008-1394-7187 Dhriti Goyal Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. Nawaz Usman Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. Preethi S Shetty Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. 0000-0001-9930-5020 Prakashini K Department of Radiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. Adarsh Ishwar Hegde Department of Radiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. Akhil Palod Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. Naveena AN Kumar Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. 0000-0002-1759-1500 Journal Article 2025 11 30 Background: Accurate staging is paramount in optimizing outcomes for patients with operable adenocarcinoma of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Cross-sectional imaging frequently underestimates the true extent of disease, particularly occult peritoneal metastases. Adding Staging laparoscopy (SL) enhances diagnostic precision, but its universal application remains debated. Identifying clinicopathological predictors of upstaging may enable the selective yet mandatory use of SL in high-risk subgroups. Methods: In this single-centre retrospective study, we analysed 182 patients with clinically operable adenocarcinoma of the stomach and GEJ who underwent SL as part of their staging work-up between June 2018 and December 2024. Clinical, radiological, and pathological variables were assessed to determine their association with upstaging. The primary endpoint was the detection of unsuspected metastatic disease or positive peritoneal cytology on SL. The secondary endpoint was to identify independent predictors of upstaging using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of 182 patients evaluated, 37 patients (20.3%) were upstaged on SL, precluding curative-intent surgery. The most common route of upstaging was detection of peritoneal metastases 33(18.1%) and the rest of the patient had isolated positive cytology 4 (2.2%). High-risk features significantly associated with upstaging included minimal ascites (OR 5.87, p<0.001), signet ring cell histology (OR 4.15, p=0.007), linitis plastica morphology (OR 3.42, p=0.002), and tumor thickness ≥15 mm (OR 2.21, p=0.034). Notably, radiologically node-negative patients with none of the high-risk features had a low probability of upstaging. A risk-stratified algorithm based on these parameters improved the diagnostic yield of SL and reduced non-therapeutic laparotomies. Conclusion: Universal incorporation of staging laparoscopy into treatment algorithms for operable gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma is challenging in many settings due to resource and economic constraints. While established guidelines endorse SL in selected scenarios, our findings suggest that, in addition to these proven indications, the consideration of SL in patients with linitis plastica morphology, tumour thickness >15 mm, signet ring cell carcinoma histology, and even mild ascites can further refine the staging accuracy. Targeting these high-risk subgroups enables a more personalised treatment approach, maximises the detection of occult metastases, and, importantly, reduces the incidence of non-therapeutic laparotomies. Linitis plastica Signet ring cell carcinoma Peritoneal metastases https://journal.waocp.org/article_92252_20ddc7025e347a51c0c6c03ea6e43d79.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Temporal Hematologic Alterations in Women Receiving Pharmacotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Prospective Analysis 2301 2314 92253 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2301 EN Henry Sutanto Internal Medicine Specialist Study Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. 0000-0002-5730-2013 Merlyna Savitri Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Ami Ashariati Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Integrated Oncology Unit, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Een Hendarsih Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Haji General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Pradana Zaky Romadhon Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Integrated Oncology Unit, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Muhammad Noor Diansyah Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Integrated Oncology Unit, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Putu Niken Ayu Amrita Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. 0009-0004-0362-342X Siprianus Ugroseno Yudho Bintoro Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Journal Article 2025 12 03 Background: Breast cancer pharmacotherapy commonly results in hematologic toxicity and systemic inflammatory shifts that may compromise treatment tolerance. This study evaluated baseline hematologic characteristics and early hematologic changes following pharmacotherapy among patients treated in second-referral centers in Indonesia. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 106 women with confirmed breast cancer between January and October 2025. Hematologic evaluations were performed before treatment and at Weeks 1 and 3. Assessed parameters included hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet counts, differential counts, the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte–lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV). Friedman’s two-way analysis of variance by ranks was used for pre–post comparisons. Subgroup comparisons between survivors and non-survivors used Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: The mean age was 51.9 ± 9.7 years, with most patients presenting with locally advanced disease (58.5%) and invasive ductal carcinoma (84%). Baseline hemoglobin averaged 11.9 g/dL and leukocyte count 7.5 × 10³/µL. Marked hematologic suppression occurred after therapy: leukocyte and absolute neutrophil counts declined significantly at week 1 with partial recovery by week 3 (p <0.001). Inflammatory indices showed substantial fluctuations, with significant changes in PLR, MLR, and PIV (all p <0.001). Anemia increased from 51.9% at baseline to 74.0% post-therapy. Neutropenia occurred in 1.9% at baseline, 41.7% at week 1, and 1.1% at week 3. Among survival subgroups, only MLR differed significantly (p = 0.043). Conclusion: The mean age was 51.9 ± 9.7 years, with most patients presenting with locally advanced disease (58.5%) and invasive ductal carcinoma (84%). Baseline hemoglobin averaged 11.9 g/dL and leukocyte count 7.5 × 10³/µL. Marked hematologic suppression occurred after therapy: leukocyte and absolute neutrophil counts declined significantly at week 1 with partial recovery by week 3 (p <0.001). Inflammatory indices showed substantial fluctuations, with significant changes in PLR, MLR, and PIV (all p <0.001). Anemia increased from 51.9% at baseline to 74.0% post-therapy. Neutropenia occurred in 1.9% at baseline, 41.7% at week 1, and 1.1% at week 3. Among survival subgroups, only MLR differed significantly (p = 0.043). Breast Neoplasms Antineoplastic agents Hematologic Toxicity neutropenia inflammation mediators https://journal.waocp.org/article_92253_41344a33e40e81187780be2db2b56bdf.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Gut Microbiota Modulation via Synbiotics: A Perspective for Boosting Antitumor Immunity and Inactivating Carcinogens in Early Life 2315 2321 92254 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2315 EN Nurul Cholifah Lutfiana Department of Biomedicine and Biochemistry, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia. 0000-0001-9876-0099 Adilla Shafryantyo Purnomo Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia. 0000-0001-8833-3739 Azzahra Syadza Nasywantya Purnomo Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University YARSI, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. 0000-0002-6005-2625 Athaya Febriantyo Purnomo Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia. 0000-0002-4710-4486 Journal Article 2025 12 07 Objective: Children are highly susceptible to infections and long-term health risks due to their immature immune systems, which typically develop fully around the age of 12. While early infections generate T and B memory cells, establishing a robust immune foundation is crucial not only for combating pathogens but also for preventing carcinogenesis in later life. Synbiotics, a synergistic combination of probiotics and prebiotics, offer a promising strategy to modulate the gastrointestinal microenvironment. Method: This article proposes that synbiotic supplementation provides dual benefits: enhancing immediate immunity and offering potential chemopreventive effects. Result: Mechanistically, synbiotics maintain microbial balance (increasing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), which leads to (1) increased production of artificial endogenous immunoglobulins [Ma1.1][Ma1.2]like IgG to neutralize toxins and pathogens; (2) inactivation of cancer-causing chemicals and reduction of unwanted metabolite concentrations; and (3) enhancement of Natural Killer (NK) cell activity and antioxidant capacity, which are vital for tumor surveillance and reducing oxidative stress. By modulating the gut microbiota, synbiotics not only boost IgG levels to prevent common infections but also strengthen the body’s defense against mutagenic agents. Conclusion: This opinion article summarizes clinical and preclinical findings to highlight the efficacy of synbiotics as a comprehensive immune booster and a potential agent for early cancer prevention strategies. Synbiotic Probiotic Cancer Prevention Immune Booster Gut Microbiota Modulation https://journal.waocp.org/article_92254_03a928dfed3213719a3c8adbc4965af8.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 22 Genomic Landscape of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Never Smokers and Never Drinkers 2323 2334 92261 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2323 EN Sinumol George Cancer research laboratory-13, BRIC- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India. 0000-0003-0531-0545 Devasena Anantharaman Cancer research laboratory-13, BRIC- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India. 0000-0001-8064-7290 Journal Article 2025 12 27 Objective: To identify the mutational landscape of oral cancers of unknown etiology by leveraging publicly available datasets. Methods: Oral cancer mutation data in TCGA were accessed to identify never-smoking and never-alcohol-drinking subjects with genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic data. Habit-free participants within published individual whole-exome sequencing studies of oral cancer were examined as the replication dataset. Results: Somatic mutation analysis of 42 habit-free TCGA oral cancer subjects revealed MUC16 and MUC5B as recurrent mutational targets in 30% of all habit-free oral cancers; the highest after previously reported oral cancer genes such as TP53, CASP8, CDKN2A, NOTCH1. Comparison against other habit-free oral cancers not only confirmed these observations but also identified additional mucin genes as frequent mutational targets, supporting their potential causal role. Gene expression and immune fraction analysis of bulk transcriptomic data showed that habit-free oral cancers were enriched for the expression of mesenchymal genes and in T-regulatory cells. Conclusion: Together, these data suggest that mucin genes, specifically MUC16 and MUC5B, are important for oral carcinogenesis in the absence of tobacco and alcohol. These results are relevant given the increasing clinical utility of mucins as druggable targets in cancer, particularly MUC16. oral cancer non-smoking/non-drinking mutation profile TCGA https://journal.waocp.org/article_92261_af046d412b8a25e98d1e7142debfc28c.pdf
West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 1513-7368 27 6 2026 06 01 Synergistic Deep Learning Fusion for Precision Lung Cancer Staging 2335 2343 92262 10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2335 EN Sinthia P Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 0000-0001-8040-6710 Anitha Juliette Albert Department of ECE, Loyola-ICAM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India. Malathi M Department of ECE, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Chennai, India. 0000-0002 1748-1280 Gurumoorthy G Department of Medical Electronics, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, India. Rajalakshmi S Department of CSE, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering,Chennai, India. Journal Article 2025 11 29 Objective: To develop and evaluate an automated deep learning–based lung cancer staging system using computed tomography (CT) scan images. Methods: CT scan images were obtained from publicly available datasets (LIDC-IDRI/TCIA) comprising 1,018 patient scans. The dataset consisted of three subsets, which were: training (70 percent of total), validation (15 percent), and testing (15 percent). Lung region segmentation, anisotropic filtering, and data augmentation were used as preprocessing. To classify lung cancer stages, a customized CNN network based on multi-scale feature extraction and softmax-enabled probabilistic output was trained. Statistical confidence intervals, F1-score, ROC-AUC, recall, accuracy, and precision were used to test the performance of the model. Results: Using an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98 (Stage I), 0.96 (Stage II), 0.95 (Stage III) and 0.97 (Stage IV) the proposed model indicates a total classification of 93.0 (95% CI: 91.2-94.8). Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement compared to baseline CNN models (p < 0.05). Compared with state-of-the-art techniques, quantitative comparisons showed either equivalent performance or slightly higher performance, particularly in separating between early-stage (I-II) and advanced-stage (III-IV) disease. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the suggested CNN-based architecture can effectively and precisely classify the stage of lung cancer based on CT images, which assists in automated clinical decision-making and enhances the early detection process. Cancer stage classification Feature Extraction Computer-aided diagnosis early detection Clinical decision support https://journal.waocp.org/article_92262_4f7795439a1199ddd76623e53f823ef3.pdf