West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Comment on Modeling of Patient Needs for Fulfillment of Spiritual Health and Social Support with Anxiety Levels and Quality of Life of Cancer Patients235523569229410.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2355ENBita FallahpourDepartment of Psychiatry, Razi Hospital, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Alireza EmaratiDepartment of Psychiatry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.0000-0002-6381-7013Journal Article20260106https://journal.waocp.org/article_92294_8917ccd3149e11b97b4ba6805359aae4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Comment on Dosimetric Determinants of Locoregional Failure in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated with Definitive Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy with or without Concomitant Chemotherapy235723589229610.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2357ENErkan TopkanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Adana, Turkiey.Efsun SomayDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baskent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkiye.0000-0001-8251-6913Ugur SelekDepartment of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkiye.0000-0001-8087-3140Journal Article20260122https://journal.waocp.org/article_92296_115dcd066edbcd33f2911c867dc1e98e.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260727Identification and GenBank Registration of Two Novel Bloodstream Bacterial Strains from Oncology Patients: Escherichia Coli OncoEval 1 and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa OncoEval 2235923629229310.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2359ENBassam Abdul RasoolHassanFaculty of Pharmacy, Al Rafidain University, 10001, Baghdad, Iraq.Watheq Mohammed AL-JewariDepartment of Pharmacology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.Ali Haider MohammedSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.Ahmed Zuhair Abdulhameed AlsammarraieMedical Oncology Department, Oncology Teaching Hospital Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.Mohammed Kamil Al QayyimDepartment of Haematology, Medical city complex, Haematology and Transplant centre, Baghdad, Iraq.Abu Bakar Abdul MajeedDepartment of Pharmacology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.Muhamad Faiz OthmanDepartment of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.Musaab Kadhim AlabboodiMedical Oncology Department, Alamal National Hospital for Cancer Treatment, Baghdad, Iraq.Journal Article20260102Objective: Bloodstream infections are a significant complication in cancer patients and play an important role in morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised populations. It is crucial that clinically derived bacterial strains be molecularly documented to aid infection surveillance and future translational research in oncology practice. Methods: This brief communication describes the identification and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank registration of two bacterial strains isolated from bloodstream infections in oncology patients. Partial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used for molecular identification. Results: One isolate was identified as Escherichia coli strain OncoEval 1, and the second as Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain OncoEval 2. Validated and quality-screened sequences of both were deposited in the GenBank database to provide public genomic references derived from cancer-associated bloodstream infections. Conclusion: The registration of these strains broadens the molecular resource base for pathogens isolated from oncology patients and drives continued studies in infection surveillance and research in the setting of cancer care.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92293_3d92902d56c4ea35408ffa755b986d0b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701The 3E Framework Analysis of Indonesia’s Cancer Control Strategy236323699226610.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2363ENKevin DyckQueen’s University, Kingston, Canada.0009-0007-9899-6377Journal Article20250604Objective: This paper is a 3E framework analysis of Indonesia’s cancer control strategy, focusing on four indicators identified as needing attention in the World Cancer Preparedness Index, to determine whether implementation efforts are efficient, effective, and equitable. Methods: Examining each of the four selected indicators, we will analyze the cancer control strategy using a variety of primary sources, peer-reviewed articles, media sources, and in-country content. We will assess whether implementation efforts will be efficient, effective, and equitable with the help of a Likert scale scoring model and a resource-constrained weighted-average SWOT analysis. Result: In terms of policy suggestions, four goals suggested to help improve Indonesians’ lives are the following: 1) Early Detection - Continuous improvement built into the implementation of the cancer control strategy regarding early detection, including a broad strategy for cancers not currently prioritized that is responsive to the various regions and ethnic groups. 2) Healthcare Workforce - A comprehensive review of workforce management is needed, including how to task shift and increase the use of lower levels of healthcare professionals to help reduce the routine healthcare needs away from doctors. 3) Health Infrastructure - An enhanced interministerial governance body would be necessary to help strengthen anti-corruption efforts and infrastructure in health care management and ensure appropriate evaluation, audit and quality control mechanisms are in place as healthcare facilities and workforces expand. 4) Tobacco Control - Prioritize advocacy and awareness of cancer health issues to help increase knowledge sharing and fundraising efforts, especially tobacco control. Conclusion: Implementation can only be as efficient, effective, and equitable as the resources available and leadership buy-in at the national and regional levels. Particularly with support from countries with expertise in the cancer community, in knowledge sharing, research, and advocacy. https://journal.waocp.org/article_92266_2a9927508048877172e9abc1a83914a4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of AI Applications in Oral Cancer Screening in India: A Scoping Review237123789227910.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2371ENVipin YadavFounder and CEO, Dure Technologies, Geneva, Switzerland.Nitin KumarJoshiICMR–National Institute of Health Research (ICMR-NIHR), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Global Health, Jodhpur School of Public Health (JSPH), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.Anil PurohitGlobal Health, Jodhpur School of Public Health (JSPH), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.Bedford Research Foundation, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA.Komal BajajPublic Health, Jodhpur School of Public Health (JSPH), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.Vibha JoshiPublic Health, Jodhpur School of Public Health (JSPH), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.Journal Article20250921Background: Oral cancer is a significant health issue in the country, accounting for one-fourth of all cases worldwide. A shortage of specialized healthcare, limited access to screening tools, and diagnostic facilities are key contributors to delayed diagnosis. Artificial Intelligence can be a promising tool for the early screening of oral cancer. However, its application in India remains underexplored and lacks systematic evaluation. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework and the approach by Peters et al. (2015). The PRISMA framework was adopted for selecting relevant studies on AI applications for oral cancer screening in India. Studies were systematically searched in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Reviewers extracted relevant data and systematically mapped them to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of AI applications in oral cancer screening within India. Results: Of the 265 identified studies, 33 were selected for final review. Various designs were used, including cross-sectional field evaluations, pilot and prospective studies, scoping and systematic reviews, narrative reviews, and experimental studies. AI methodologies demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with strengths in portability, scalability, and affordability in low-resource settings. Weaknesses reported were a lack of standardized data, limited digital literacy, and infrastructural gaps. AI models offer opportunities to enhance screening coverage, integrate multimodal datasets, and support personalized treatment planning. Key threats observed were data variability, lack of regulatory and ethical frameworks, and data privacy concerns. Conclusion: AI offers strengths in improving oral cancer screening in India through early detection and reducing inequities. Despite its promising strengths, AI faces challenges such as scalability, infrastructure gaps, and ethical issues when implemented for oral cancer screening in the Indian context. For the successful integration of AI, technological innovation, robust digital infrastructure, adequate workforce training, and regulatory guidelines are required. https://journal.waocp.org/article_92279_4ac009397704de0657aca40c079ca3ac.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A New Era in Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Targeted Therapies237923919228010.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2379ENBhavana HarendraDepartment of Microbiology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.Ashwini PDepartment of Microbiology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.Kavana C PDepartment of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.Abhigna NagarajDepartment of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.Chandan DharmashekarDepartment of Microbiology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.Shuaib PashaDepartment of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.Devanand DDepartment of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.Shivaprasad KollurSchool of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.Raghavendr GAmachawadiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.Chandan ShivamalluDepartment of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.Journal Article20251003Objective: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common oral cancer, presents a clinical challenge due to its complex tumor microenvironment (TME), dysregulated pathways, and poor prognosis. Current methods of diagnosing OSCC use liquid biopsy technologies (ctDNA/microRNAs/exosomes) instead of relying solely on traditional methods such as open surgical biopsy. Liquid biopsy technologies provide non-invasive ways to detect and monitor OSCC in early stages, compared with traditional open surgical biopsy methods. Treatment of OSCC currently relies on chemotherapeutics (cisplatin/5-FU), radiotherapy, and targeted agents (cetuximab). However, resistance is acquired due to TME remodelling (tumor microenvironment) and/or due to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) through processes such as ABC transporter efflux. This review elucidates key molecular mechanisms, including PD-L1-mediated immune evasion, PI3K/AKT/mTOR hyperactivation, EGFR overexpression, and NF-κB-driven inflammation, which promote proliferation, metastasis, and therapy resistance. One area of study involves the use of nanotechnology to convert phytocompounds (medicinal plants) into therapeutic agents by embedding phytocompounds into nanoparticles created using green synthesis techniques. EPR (Enhanced Permeability and Retention), ligand functionalization for OSCC targeting, improved bioavailability, and reduced toxicity are all advantages that the aforementioned systems provide, offering an opportunity to synergistically develop new therapies with chemotherapeutics for overcoming resistance. Conclusion: While numerous preclinical studies demonstrate that these newly developed therapies show increased efficacy compared with current therapy options, further work is needed in areas such as standardization, scaling, and clinical translation. As such, the importance of developing pathway-informed diagnostic tests and developing therapies that exploit pathway-specific activity with phytocompounds is emphasized. In addition, large-scale studies should be considered to evaluate the effectiveness of a pathway-informed approach in assessing and differentiating OSCC and personalized therapy strategies, to improve OSCC survival outcomes. https://journal.waocp.org/article_92280_c0b84025a9079f4ebb39a63361167234.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Thymoquinone Modulates Gene Expression Associated with Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer: A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of BAX, BCL2, and CASP3239324059226710.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2393ENMuhammad EvyPrastiyantoDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health and Nursing Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang,
Semarang, 50273, Indonesia.Kuncara NataWaskitaThe College of Health Sciences Bhakti Husada Mulia, Taman Praja Street No. 25, Taman district,
Madiun, East Java, Indonesia.Rina NurmaulawatiThe College of Health Sciences Bhakti Husada Mulia, Taman Praja Street No. 25, Taman district,
Madiun, East Java, Indonesia.Nur RahmawatiWijayaResearch Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Research Organization
for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia.Sofa FaridaResearch Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Research Organization
for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia.Devi SafrinaResearch Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Research Organization
for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia.Aditya Dwi PermanaPutraResearch Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Research Organization
for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia.Siti HamidatulAliyahCenter for Biomedical Research,
Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia.Rantika SilfarohanaResearch
Center for Vaccine and Drug, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor,
16911, Indonesia.0009-0009-7837-0937Mohammad MiftakhusSholikinResearch Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia.Rizal MaarifRukmanaResearch Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Research Organization
for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia.0000-0002-7175-4876Journal Article20251106Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a significant global health issue. Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive component of Nigella sativa, has shown anticancer capabilities by inducing apoptosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the impact of TQ on the levels of pro-apoptotic (BAX, CASP3) and anti-apoptotic (BCL2) markers in colorectal cancer cells. Methods: An extensive literature search was performed in Scopus, BASE, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles published from 2004 to 2025, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Eligible in vitro and in vivo studies provided numerical data on gene or protein expression levels for BAX, BCL2, and CASP3, along with standard deviations. Effect sizes (g) were computed using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. Result: A total of ten qualifying studies were incorporated. The meta-analysis indicated that TQ significantly (p < 0.001) increased BAX mRNA (g = 3.901) and protein levels (g = 4.232), decreased BCL2 mRNA (g = -3.680) and protein levels (g = -3.328), and markedly upregulated CASP3 mRNA (g = 5.669) and protein levels (g = 6.336). Subgroup analyses revealed consistent effects across CRC cell lines (HT29, SW480, SW620, HCT-15, and HCT116). Heterogeneity varied from low to moderate, and publication bias was low or not significant. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that TQ exerts pro-apoptotic effects in colorectal cancer (CRC) models through the upregulation of BAX and CASP3 and the downregulation of BCL2. This suggests its potential therapeutic relevance rather than definitive biomarker utility. Nevertheless, further in vivo studies and early-phase clinical investigations are required to clarify its translational significance and to explore its possible implications for treatment responsiveness.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92267_dfe942ae8a86c24ed80ad1f5853a5eb3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260727Role of Androgen Receptor and EGFR in Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis240724169228710.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2407ENIja MayuekDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, KIIT UNIVERSITY, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences (KIDS), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar- 751024, Odisha, India.0009-0003-8322-3428Abikshyeet PandaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, KIIT UNIVERSITY, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences (KIDS), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar- 751024, Odisha, India.0000-0003-4319-8742Harish KumarDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, KIIT UNIVERSITY, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences (KIDS), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar- 751024, Odisha, India.0000-0003-1165-3026Lipsa BhuyanDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, KIIT UNIVERSITY, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences (KIDS), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar- 751024, Odisha, India.0000-0002-0811-1974Kailash ChandraDashDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, KIIT UNIVERSITY, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences (KIDS), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar- 751024, Odisha, India.0000-0001-5346-2856Pallavi MishraDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, KIIT UNIVERSITY, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences (KIDS), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar- 751024, Odisha, India.0000-0001-6987-6009Journal Article20251111Background: Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca-ex-PA) is a rare salivary gland malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Molecular targets such as androgen receptor (AR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) may offer prognostic and therapeutic value. Objective: To systematically review the current literature regarding the role of AR and EGFR in the pathogenesis, progression, and management of Ca-ex-PA. Methods: The review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD420251118578. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost databases for studies published upto January, 2026. Inclusion criteria were studies assessing AR and/or EGFR in Ca-ex-PA using immunohistochemistry, molecular techniques, or clinical data. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS tool, and pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Results: Eighteen studies were included for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. AR expression was found to be highly prevalent in CXPA, particularly in cases with salivary duct carcinoma components, while benign pleomorphic adenoma consistently showed minimal or absent AR expression. EGFR expression demonstrated marked heterogeneity across studies but was generally higher in malignant components compared with benign areas. Overall, included studies exhibited moderate to high risk of bias, mainly related to confounding, post-exposure interventions, and selective reporting. Conclusion: AR is a consistently expressed and biologically relevant biomarker in CXPA, supporting its diagnostic and potential therapeutic role. EGFR expression reflects molecular heterogeneity and may contribute to malignant progression, although its clinical utility remains uncertain. Standardized biomarker assessment and prospective studies are required to strengthen evidence and guide targeted therapy in CXPA.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92287_95cf83ecb83bcb5d0a87920bf61e8e6d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Prognostic Implications and Therapeutic Landscape of IDH1-Mutated AML: An Updated Review of Evidence and Indian Perspective241724249230010.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2417ENSameer MelinkeriConsultant Hematologist, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, India.Rishi DhawanDepartment of Hematology, AIIMS, Delhi,
India.0000-0001-8879-0331Jeevan KumarGargDepartment of Hematology and BMT, TMC, Kolkata, India.Uday KulkarniDepartment of Hematology, CMC, Vellore, India.Journal Article20251111Objective: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically heterogeneous hematologic malignancy in which cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities critically influence prognosis and treatment decisions. Since the identification of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in AML in 2009, growing evidence has highlighted their role in leukemogenesis through aberrant cellular metabolism and epigenetic dysregulation. IDH1 mutations, occurring predominantly in cytogenetically normal AML and frequently co-existing with mutations such as NPM1 and DNMT3A, have demonstrated context-dependent prognostic implications rather than uniformly adverse outcomes. Methods: Several studies associate IDH1 mutations with inferior clinical outcomes, including reduced remission rates, poorer overall survival, and global DNA hypermethylation, particularly in specific biological and therapeutic contexts influenced by co-mutational profiles and treatment era. Results: Recent therapeutic advancements have introduced selective IDH1 inhibitors targeting these mutations. Ivosidenib and Olutasidenib, have demonstrated efficacy in relapsed/refractory (r/r) AML and have received United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approval for these indications. Notably, Ivosidenib has also been approved for newly diagnosed (ND) IDH1-mutated AML patients who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. These IDH1 inhibitors, often combined with agents like Azacitidine and Venetoclax, represent a promising shift toward personalized medicine, offering effective, less toxic alternatives for challenging AML cases, including those in elderly patients or individuals with comorbidities. Conclusion: This review summarizes the prognostic implications of IDH1 mutations in AML and critically examines emerging IDH1 targeted therapies, highlighting their impact on disease biology and evolving treatment algorithms.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92300_04c9c0348b65d35e26b1ac0f1e74b07d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Inappropriate Use of Tumor Markers in Asymptomatic Patients: A Systematic Review and Proposed Follow-Up Algorithm242524359230110.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2425ENSilvio MatsasCenter for Hematology and Oncology Studies and Research (CEPHO), Santo André, SP, Brazil.0000-0002-2674-6818Allan Roberto Bueso PinedaDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.Sakditad SaowapaDivision of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow
Transplantation, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA.Andrea Ortiz MaldonadoDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.Carolina Molina LlataDepartment of Internal Medicine, Good Samaritan
Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA.J Drew PayneDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.Dolores BuscemiDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.Asif FarooqHospital Medicine, University Medical Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.Kishore KarriHospital Medicine, University Medical Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.Auro Del GiglioDepartment of Hematology
and Oncology, ABC School of Medicine (FMABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil.Journal Article20251114Background: Serum tumor markers such as CA 125, CA 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and CA 15-3 are widely available, inexpensive, and easily measured, which has led to their inappropriate use for cancer screening in asymptomatic individuals. Despite guideline recommendations against this practice, these tests remain common, contributing to false positives, unnecessary anxiety, and avoidable invasive procedures. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and LILACS from inception to May 10, 2025, identifying studies evaluating the use of the aforementioned tumor markers in asymptomatic populations. Eligible studies reported diagnostic accuracy or clinical outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using study design–specific tools (ROBINS-I, Newcastle–Ottawa, QUADAS-2, RoB-2). The GRADE assessment was used for certainty of evidence. Results: Of 1,179 records, 38 studies were included (10 retrospective, 18 prospective, 3 cross-sectional, 3 RCTs, others). CA 125 was the most frequently assessed marker, followed by CA 19-9, CEA, CA 15-3, and AFP. Across studies, sensitivity and specificity varied, but positive predictive value (PPV) was consistently low in general asymptomatic populations. False-positive results frequently led to imaging, invasive procedures, and surgery, with complication rates up to 15%. No mortality benefit was demonstrated in large RCTs. Certain subgroups (e.g., new-onset diabetes with elevated CA 19-9) showed improved PPVs, but evidence was insufficient to support population screening. Conclusion: Routine use of serum tumor markers for cancer screening in asymptomatic individuals is unsupported by evidence and may cause harm. We propose a structured follow-up framework to guide the evaluation of incidentally elevated tumor markers, aiming to reduce unnecessary interventions and optimize resource use.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92301_b512bf65ddc1c892f0776ecae4f94c4c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Artificial Intelligence in Skin Cancer Detection for Primary Care: A Review243724459228510.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2437ENSaeb ZakoutZakout hudklinikk AS, Kongens gate 30, 4610 Kristiansand, Norway.Ihab ZaqoutDepartment of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Al-Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine. School of Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.0009-0007-1407-1626Journal Article20251204Background: Skin cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and can be lethal if not detected early, especially melanoma. Primary care is often the first point of contact, but limited dermoscopy expertise and increasing service pressure can delay diagnosis. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a route to expand access to earlier detection by supporting assessment and triage decisions in primary care. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature on AI systems for skin-lesion analysis, including traditional machine-learning pipelines, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), vision transformers, ensemble and hybrid models, and mobile/on-device tools. We prioritized studies that compared AI with clinicians, reported diagnostic performance and calibration, evaluated subgroup performance (e.g., skin tone and device), and examined implementation in primary care, teledermatology, or real-world outpatient workflows. Results: AI systems can achieve high sensitivity for melanoma and other malignant lesions on curated image sets, often approaching specialist-level discrimination. Reader studies and pragmatic evaluations suggest AI assistance can improve non-dermatologists’ sensitivity and diagnostic confidence, but specificity, calibration, and robustness across devices and under-represented populations remain variable. Recent deployment-focused evidence highlights risks of automation bias, alert fatigue, and inequitable performance, underscoring the need for careful threshold selection, external validation, and post-deployment monitoring. Conclusion: AI-enabled skin cancer detection can support earlier diagnosis and more efficient triage in primary care, but clinical benefit depends on evaluation beyond headline accuracy. Diverse training data, robust external and prospective validation, explicit calibration and equity reporting, and governance frameworks with human oversight and continuous monitoring are essential for safe implementation.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92285_234fe4054cce636a8ca3dcf6c4801300.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Diagnostic Accuracy of Inflammatory Biomarkers for Salivary Gland Tumours: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis244724569230610.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2447ENRadhika SasikumarDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India.0009-0009-6291-4442Amita AdityaDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India.Neha KulkarniDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India.Alisha FargadeDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India.Vaishnavi DiwanDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India.Journal Article20251112Background: Differentiating benign from malignant salivary gland tumors (SGTs) preoperatively remains a clinical challenge due to overlapping morphological and radiologic features. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) have emerged as potential adjuncts reflecting tumor-associated immune dysregulation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers for SGTs. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar up to September 2025 following the PRISMA-DTA guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD420251173943). Studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of inflammatory biomarkers with histopathology as the reference standard were included. Data on sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were pooled using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using Higgins I² statistics. Results: Six studies comprising 338 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.71 and 0.81 for NLR, 0.61 and 0.72 for PLR, 0.74 and 0.78 for SII, and 0.71 and 0.73 for SIRI, respectively. Corresponding AUCs ranged from 0.73 to 0.83, indicating moderate-to-excellent diagnostic accuracy. Among the evaluated indices, SIRI showed the highest pooled sensitivity, while SII demonstrated the best discriminative capacity. The integration of SIRI with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) further improved diagnostic performance (accuracy 81.2%). Heterogeneity across studies was low (I² = 0%). Conclusion: Inflammatory biomarkers, particularly SII and SIRI, exhibit promising diagnostic value for diagnosing various SGTs and may complement cytological evaluation in indeterminate cases. Prospective multicentric studies with standardized cut-offs are recommended to validate their clinical application.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92306_83de321e046fe734f6de30d799d2ad41.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Awareness of and Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening among Married Tribal Women in Sirohi, Rajasthan: A Community-based Study245724659226410.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2457ENSuman DeepKaurDepartment of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.0009-0005-1506-9056Rakhi DwivediSenior Resident, School of Public
Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.0000-0002-4962-0599Aasma NalwaDepartment of Pathology & Lab Medicine, All India
Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.0000-0002-2085-2011Pradeep DwivediDepartment of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.0000-0001-6709-3780Kuldeep SinghDepartment of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.0000-0002-9375-3233Pratibha SinghDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.0000-0001-5286-3826Dolat SinghShekhawatDepartment of
Medical Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.0000-0002-2117-7249Akhil DhaneshGoelDepartment of Community Medicine and
Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.0000-0002-6156-7903Shilpi GuptaDixitDepartment of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.0000-0002-4807-1663Journal Article20250602Background: Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among women in developing nations, including India. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding cervical cancer screening, risk factors, and prevention strategies, along with the barriers to participation in screening activities, among married tribal women in Sirohi district, Rajasthan, to identify areas for improvement in this essential aspect of women’s health. Methods: A cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted among 170 married tribal women recruited from the Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) zone in Sirohi district, Rajasthan. A standardised, fixed-response questionnaire was used to obtain data on participants’ KAP regarding cervical cancer screening. Results: The mean age of the study population was 32.81 ± 10.5 years. Out of 170, 28 (16.5%) women had heard of cervical cancer, and 20 (11.8%) women were aware of cervical cancer screening. Only 19.4% of women agreed to undergo screening for cervical cancer. A significant proportion, 86.5% of participants, had poor knowledge, 84.1% had a negative attitude, and only 0.6% demonstrated good practices regarding cervical cancer screening. Knowledge scores were significantly associated with age group, education, socioeconomic class, and number of children (p < 0.05). Attitude scores were significantly associated with age, contraceptive method used, and tobacco use. Practice scores were significantly associated with education and menstrual cycle characteristics (p < 0.05). Identified barriers to screening included lack of awareness, financial constraints, anxiety about vaginal examinations, feelings of embarrassment, and communication difficulties. Conclusions: The study findings indicate a critical deficiency in knowledge, attitude, and practice as well as low willingness to participate in cervical cancer screening among tribal women. Educational interventions through culturally sensitive awareness programs should be conducted in the local tribal language to enhance preventive healthcare in the tribal population.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92264_6212da4d60bfc3dee7b9efd6eaae6363.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Cancer Burden in Bangladesh: Age- and Sex-Specific Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality, and Forecasts Up to 2050246724799226510.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2467ENHemayet HossainDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Teesta University, Rangpur, Bangladesh.0000-0001-9785-2549Khadiza Akter BrishtyDepartment of Zoology (GSSC), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.0000-0002-4594-7703Md. Shahidur Rahman ChowdhuryDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.0000-0003-0210-6581Asikur RahmanDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.0009-0003-4605-5744Sofiur MuktadirFaculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (FASVM), Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.0009-0009-4152-1826Kasim Sakran AbassDepartment of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, College of veterinary medicine, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.0000-0002-5796-7170Md. Masudur RahmanDepartment of Pathology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.0000-0001-7095-9303Md. Mahfujur RahmanDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.0000-0003-2062-8471Journal Article20250629Background: Cancer poses a formidable health crisis and major public health challenge in Bangladesh, while globally it remains among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across all ages. This study aimed to explore the age- and sex-specific incidence, mortality, and prevalence of cancers in Bangladesh. Methods: This study was based on secondary, modeled data obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), GLOBOCAN 2022 database developed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer under the World Health Organization, with supplementary estimates retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. Results: In 2022, Bangladesh recorded 167,256 new cancer cases and 116,598 cancer-related deaths, with higher age-standardized incidence and mortality rates observed in males. The leading cancers by incidence (per 100,000) were esophagus (16.0), breast (15.2), cervix uteri (11.3), lip and oral cavity (10.3), and lung cancers (8.8). Notably, Bangladesh ranked first globally for esophageal cancer incidence (16.0) and mortality (15.3). Prevalence was the highest for breast and oral cavity cancers. Age-specific patterns revealed that leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were predominant in children, while breast, cervix, esophageal, and lung cancers became more common in adults and the elderly. Forecasts suggest that by 2050, new cancer cases will rise to 348,000 and deaths to 252,000, nearly doubling the current burden. Conclusions: Significant increases are expected for trachea, bronchus, lung, and gallbladder cancers. Esophageal cancer is projected to remain the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, while leukemia, breast, cervix, and gallbladder cancers will continue to exert substantial impacts across different age groups. These trends underscore the urgent need for targeted prevention, early detection, and comprehensive cancer control strategies in Bangladesh.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92265_37718dba2faaa7331f29a36df3125c30.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Development and Validation of a One-Step Multiplex RT-qPCR Assay for BCR-ABL1 Transcript Detection and Monitoring in Moroccan Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients248124899226810.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2481ENAbdenacer BenchrifaDiagnostic Kits and Medical Device Development Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco. Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Morocco.Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.0009-0009-1456-4046Basma AlbanyahyatiDiagnostic Kits and Medical Device Development Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco. Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Morocco. Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.Mounyr BalouiriDiagnostic Kits and Medical Device Development Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.Hicham El HadiDiagnostic Kits and Medical Device Development Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.Youssef BakriLaboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Morocco. Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.Kamal DoghmiDepartment of Clinical Hematology, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco.Abdeladim MoumenDiagnostic Kits and Medical Device Development Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.0000-0003-2847-2790Journal Article20250701Objective: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is driven by the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Molecular monitoring of this transcript is essential for patient management. However, the high cost of imported assays limits access to regular monitoring in Morocco. Methods: We developed and validated a cost-effective one-step multiplex RT-qPCR assay that simultaneously detects BCR-ABL1 and ABL1 transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Samples from 63 Moroccan CML patients were analyzed and compared with the GeneXpert system. Result: The assay showed efficiencies above 95% and R2 ≥ 0.99 for both targets. BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratios correlated strongly with GeneXpert (r = 0.93, p < 0.001) and showed 86% overall agreement. Conclusion: This locally developed assay is a reliable and affordable alternative for routine BCR-ABL1 detection and monitoring, improving access to molecular testing in resource-limited settings.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92268_b3422a81518c791808df29b36e89a352.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Plasma S100A9 Levels in Healthy Individuals, Opisthorchis viverrini-Infected Individuals, and Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma249124969226910.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2491ENPiyaluk DanchaivijitrDornsife College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.Montinee PholhelmThammasat Research
Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani,
Thailand. Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.0009-0002-3583-3582Sattrachai PrasopdeeThammasat Research
Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani,
Thailand. Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.0000-0003-0175-9679Kritiya ButthongkomvongMedical Oncology
Unit, Udonthani Cancer Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Udon Thani, Thailand.0000-0003-3714-7113Jutharat KulsantiwongFaculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, 41000, Thailand0009-0004-4711-9233Teva PhanaksriChulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.0000-0003-1790-4746Anthicha KunjantarachotChulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.0000-0002-1463-6902Veerachai ThitapakornDornsife College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Thammasat Research
Unit in Opisthorchiasis, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani,
Thailand.0000-0001-9350-2146Journal Article20250719Objectives: S100A9, a calcium-binding protein involved in inflammation and tumor progression, has been identified as a potential biomarker for Opisthorchis viverrini related cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) diagnosis. However, its role in O. viverrini infection remains unclear. Methods: ELISA was used to investigate the plasma S100A9 level among healthy individuals, O. viverrini-infected patients, and CCA patients to evaluate its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. The highest S100A9 levels were observed in CCA patients, while the lowest levels occurred in O. viverrini-infected individuals. Results: One-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc analysis revealed a significant difference between the O. viverrini infected and CCA groups, but not between the CCA and healthy groups or between the healthy and O. viverrini infected groups. S100A9 had high specificity (97.50%) but low sensitivity (21.88%) for distinguishing CCA from O. viverrini infected and healthy groups, suggesting limited utility as a standalone screening tool but potential value in diagnostic contexts. Although limited by diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.5580), the consistent upregulation trend in CCA aligns with previous studies. Combining S100A9 with other biomarkers may enhance diagnostic accuracy for O. viverrini-related CCA. Conclusion: S100A9 was elevated in CCA but not in O. viverrini infection, highlighting its potential as a differential diagnostic marker.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92269_cf00b3dab527136a130bba3b579afd13.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Ribosomal Proteins in Blood Exosomes as Markers of an Unfavorable Prognosis in Patients with Breast Cancer249725089227010.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2497ENAleksei SheferInstitute of Medicine and Medical Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia. Knorre Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novovsibirsk, Russia.Elena BabaylovaInstitute of Medicine and Medical Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia. Knorre Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novovsibirsk, Russia.Lyudmila YansholeInternational Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.Alina GrygorevaKnorre Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novovsibirsk, Russia.Dmitry SvarovskyCancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.0000-0002-8985-009XDmitri GraiferKnorre Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novovsibirsk, Russia.Alexey MalyginKnorre Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novovsibirsk, Russia.Alyona ChernyshovаInstitute of Medicine and Medical Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia.0000-0002-8194-2811Svetlana TamkovichInstitute of Medicine and Medical Technologies, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia.0000-0001-7774-943XJournal Article20250805Introduction: Exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) 30-150 nm in diameter, are known to mediate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules that can reprogram recipient cell phenotypes. Our analysis of 5-year survival data from breast cancer patients (BCPs) revealed that the poorest outcomes were exclusively associated with conserved signature of three ribosomal proteins (RPs) - MRPL52, RPL28, and RPL40 (UBA52) - that were completely absent in healthy females (HFs) and better-prognosis cases. Strikingly, all patients with this exosomal RP profile succumbed to metastatic relapse within the observation period. Methods: While RPs are known components of tumor-derived exosomes, their absence in EVs from normal cells suggests cancer-specific sorting mechanisms. To investigate this, we characterized exosomal RP cargo from three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, BT-474, BT-549), finding cell-type-specific RP patterns that differed from the clinical BC signature. Transfection of BT-549 cells with FLAG-tagged RPS3 (an aggressive cancer-associated RP) induced dramatic changes in exosomal RP composition, including the appearance of RPL28 - matching our clinical findings. Results: Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the RPs identified in BCP blood exosomes (MRPL52, RPL28, RPL40, RPS6) are associated with poor prognosis across multiple cancers and participate in key oncogenic pathways. Conclusion: The concordance between our clinical and experimental data suggests that: (a) specific RPs are selectively packaged into exosomes under stress conditions; (b) this process may contribute to BC aggressiveness; (c) exosomal RP profiling could serve as a novel prognostic approach. These findings illuminate previously unrecognized roles of ribosomal components in cancer progression through EV-mediated communication.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92270_05cfd77f4f62827e8f39a5a81581b6b2.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Microbial Composition Study in Cholangiocarcinoma: Stage-Specific Diversity Analysis in Bile and Tumor Microbiome250925189227110.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2509ENDwijo AnarghaSindhughosaDivison of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University/Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia. Centre Research for Alimentary and Hepatobiliary System, Bali, Indonesia.0000-0003-4933-9446I Ketut MariadiDivison of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Udayana University/Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia. Centre Research for Alimentary and Hepatobiliary System, Bali, Indonesia.0000-0001-9665-8082Putu Itta Sandi Lesmana DewiCentre Research for Alimentary and Hepatobiliary System, Bali, Indonesia.0000-0001-5426-9513Kadek Mercu Narapati PamungkasCentre Research for Alimentary and Hepatobiliary System, Bali, Indonesia.0009-0001-0418-2652Ni Luh Putu Yunia DewiCentre Research for Alimentary and Hepatobiliary System, Bali, Indonesia.0000-0003-4164-426XNi Nyoman Gita Kharisma DewiCentre Research for Alimentary and Hepatobiliary System, Bali, Indonesia.0000-0002-1630-5605Ajib Zaim AlamsyahCentre Research for Alimentary and Hepatobiliary System, Bali, Indonesia.0009-0009-1386-0935Putu Amanda WidiadaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Bali Royal Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.0009-0006-2233-4388Journal Article20250824Objective: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy of the biliary tract with poor prognosis and limited early diagnostic tools. Microbial dysbiosis has been implicated in carcinogenesis, yet microbial signatures across disease stages and anatomical sites in CCA remain poorly defined. This study aimed to characterize the microbial diversity in bile and tumor tissue of CCA patients and evaluate association with disease stage. Methods: Microbiome profiles were analyzed from 36 subjects using 16Sr RNA gene sequencing data from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA). Alpha diversity (Chao1 index) and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) were assessed across bile and intratumoral samples. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was employed to identify stage-specific microbial taxa. Result: Alpha diversity did not differ significantly between disease stages (ANOVA, F = 0.385, p = 0.816), suggesting stable microbial richness throughout progression. However, beta diversity analysis (PERMANOVA, R² = 0.279, p = 0.013) revealed distinct clustering by sample type and tumor stage. LEfSe identified enrichment of Fusobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, and Enterococcus in advanced-stage tumor samples, while Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were more abundant in early-stage bile samples. Conclusion: This study demonstrates distinct microbial composition patterns across disease stages and anatomical sites in CCA. Enrichment of specific pathogenic taxa in advanced stages supports a role for microbiome alterations in CCA pathogenesis. Microbial markers may serve as potential tools for staging and prognosis, warranting further functional and prospective validation studies. https://journal.waocp.org/article_92271_e016cd5064d0dd96ad417bd5a8d9f932.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Gynecologic Manifestations of Leukemia in Reproductive-Age Women: Ultrasound, Cytology, and Microbiota Findings251925249229910.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2519ENNargiza MahkamovnaMagzumovaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.0009-0006-9572-3835Dilnoza TurdikulovnaBobomurodovaDepartment of
Stomatology, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.0000-0003-3862-1753Dilshoda TurdikulovnaAkramovaDepartment of Neurology and Medical Psychology,
Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.0000-0001-9495-3213Gulmira AmanovnaAhmedovaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.0009-0005-9195-9640Khabibjan PulatovichInoyatovDepartment of Hematology, Pediatric Oncology, Clinical Immunology
and Transfusiology, Center for Professional Development of Medical Workers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.0009-0007-7004-2678Journal Article20250828Objective: To evaluate the gynecologic and reproductive changes in women of reproductive age diagnosed with leukemia, with an emphasis on menstrual disturbances, vaginal microbiota alterations, and cytological abnormalities. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 100 female patients aged 16 - 46 years with confirmed diagnoses of acute or chronic leukemia. Clinical and gynecological examinations were performed, including cytological assessment (Pap smear), vaginal microbiological analysis, and pelvic ultrasound. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive methods and Student t-test. Results: Hyperpolymenorrhea was observed in 62% of participants, while 21% reported secondary amenorrhea. Vaginal microbiological analysis revealed Grade III–IV dysbiosis in 77.7% of patients, with dominant growth of Candida spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli. Cytological abnormalities were detected in 50% of cases, including ASCUS (40%) and LSIL (5%). In 28% of cases, leukemic blast cells were identified in cervical smears. Ultrasound findings included enlarged ovaries and uteri in 35% of patients, with evidence of solid infiltrative changes in the external genitalia and mammary glands in isolated cases. Conclusion: Leukemia in women of reproductive age is frequently associated with menstrual disorders, significant disturbances in vaginal microbiota, and cytological abnormalities, including evidence of leukemic infiltration. Early gynecological screening in such patients is essential to ensure the timely management of reproductive health complications.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92299_a722a2cf0fb6875cb1210aa55f711827.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260726A Hybrid Perception Network for Accurate and Interpretable Brain Tumor Classification Using Multi-Modal Imaging252525349227210.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2525ENHamad DAl-SharariCollege of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20250910Objective: Accurate classification of brain tumors is of utmost importance in early diagnosis and treatment, which can be further enhanced through advanced deep learning techniques. This work introduces HyPerNet—a Hybrid Perception Network for brain tumor classification that integrates cutting-edge methods to maximize classification accuracy, interpretability, and efficiency. HyPerNet leverages multi-modal fusion, combining Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans to extract complementary information from different imaging modalities. Methods: A dynamic attention mechanism adapts to image complexity, improving performance under noisy and artifact-laden conditions. The architecture incorporates explainable AI components using Grad-CAM for clinical interpretability, along with 3D convolutional neural networks for volumetric feature learning. Hybrid feature extraction, integrating Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with graph neural networks (GNNs), enables the model to capture both local and relational tumor characteristics. Domain adaptation via transfer learning allows the model to generalize across diverse datasets, improving robustness. Result: In experiments conducted on a benchmark dataset of 8,256 images, HyPerNet achieved a classification accuracy of 97.14%, precision of 97.09%, recall of 97.09%, F1-score of 97.09%, and specificity of 98.9%, outperforming state-of-the-art models such as DenseNet121, ResNet101, and MobileNetV3. Notably, HyPerNet attains these results with only 1.66 million parameters, making it highly efficient for deployment on mobile and edge devices. Conclusion: These findings establish HyPerNet as a reliable, interpretable, and computationally efficient solution for clinical brain tumor classification. https://journal.waocp.org/article_92272_2a041998f9357b0d81c36ac3390f4a8b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Exploring the Antimitotic Potential of Benincasa Hispida Seed Extract on HepG2 Cells253525409227310.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2535ENE. Navya PravalaDepartment of Pharmacology, St Pauls College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.0009-0007-1516-9166Kiranmai MandavaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, St Pauls College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.Somnath DeDepartment of Pharmacology, St Pauls College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.Boddu SuhasiniDepartment of Pharmacology, St Pauls College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.Anusha KomatiDepartment of Pharmacology, St Pauls College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.Journal Article20250914Objective: Cancer continues to pose a significant worldwide health concern, underscoring the need for the identification of innovative, safer, and more effective therapeutic agents. Phytochemicals obtained from medicinal plants are progressively acknowledged for their anticancer efficacy. This work investigates the antimitotic and antiproliferative properties of the ethanolic extract of Benincasa hispida seeds (EeBHS), known as winter melon, from the Cucurbitaceae family. Methods: Antimitotic activity was assessed using the Allium cepa root tip meristem test and the seed germination assay. The mitotic index and the distribution of cells throughout several mitotic stages were examined after treatment with EeBHS at varying doses. Methotrexate, a recognized antineoplastic agent, served as the standard control. The antiproliferative activity of EeBHS was evaluated using the MTT assay on HepG2 liver cancer cell lines to determine cytotoxicity and growth suppression. Results: EeBHS exhibited a notable dose-dependent suppression of mitotic activity in Allium cepa root tips and sprouted seeds (p < 0.001). The mitotic index significantly decreased in EeBHS-treated groups (57 ± 0.5 in root tips and 44 ± 1.2 in seeds) relative to controls (67 ± 1.2 and 96 ± 1.2, respectively). Methotrexate also lowered the mitotic index, thereby corroborating the concept. An increased percentage of cells in prophase and metaphase in treated groups signified mitotic arrest. In HepG2 cells, doses of EeBHS ranging from 5 to 7 ng/μL markedly suppressed cell growth, indicating potent cytotoxicity. Conclusion: EeBHS has significant antimitotic and antiproliferative properties, presumably attributable to its bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics, underscoring its potential as a natural anticancer agent that merits further investigation.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92273_2f83e22790c9717776bc8f52fc0c3485.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260726Unveiling Optimal Cervical Cancer Screening Age Range: Study of HPV Infection Among 75,719 Women in Indonesia’s Metropolitan Regions (2012 – 2022)254125489227410.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2541ENTofan WidyaUtamiGynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-0191-5902Laila NurannaGynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0003-1662-1824Gatot PurwotoGynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0001-5019-2707Arisda OktaliaGynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.0009-0002-1902-1111Raysa IrzamiGynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.0009-0001-4078-663XAndi UtamaKalgen Innolab Laboratory, Jakarta, Indonesia.0009-0000-4004-3628Eva SuarthanaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.0000-0003-0263-6144Journal Article20250916Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical cancer, a global health crisis. Indonesia is placed as having the highest cervical cancer incidence and fatality in Southeast Asia. Currently, under the National Cervical Cancer Elimination (NCCE) plan, Indonesia has extended HPV DNA-based screening from 30–50 to 30–69 years old. However, various factors can lead to inadequate virus clearance in younger populations, and Indonesia has not yet had a large-scale analysis of age-specific HPV infection reports, leaving the ideal screening age uncertain. Therefore, this study aims to investigate age-specific HPV prevalence in Indonesia to inform the optimal age range for cervical cancer screening. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 75,719 subjects’ data were utilized from all metropolitan regions in Indonesia from 2012–2020, who were tested with HPV DNA using PCR (SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25) and hybridization. The data were then analyzed by age and HPV genotype using IBM SPSS 27.0. Results: 12.62% of 75,719 women aged 13–75 are HPV-positive. Women aged 30-39 (39.56%) and 40-49 (21.1%) had the highest infection rates, followed by 25-29 (18.9%) and those below 25 years (8.8%). This contrasts with the infection rates of women aged 60-65 (1.5%) and 66-69 (0.6%). Across all age categories, HPV52, HPV16, and HPV58 were the most prevalent high-risk genotypes, with substantial variations in infection rates (p <0.001). High-risk HPV outnumbered low-risk HPV in all age categories. Conclusion: HPV-positive prevalence in the younger population, particularly among those aged 25–29, is frequent in Indonesia. After age 65, HPV-positive cases drop significantly. Several variables contribute to this. This study recommends adjusting cervical cancer screening to Indonesian women aged 25–65.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92274_7dcba7ebc5a87dc8e8b9638461a75e18.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Clinical Presentation and Survival of Children with Retinoblastoma Treated at the National Eye Centre in Indonesia254925569227510.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2549ENAnne SusantyDivision of Pediatric, National Eye Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.0000-0002-9625-4333Primawita OktarimaDivision of Pediatric Ophthalmology
and Strabismus, National Eye Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia.Friska MardiantyDivision of Pathology, National Eye Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.Kanyawati MalianiDivision of Radiology, National Eye
Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.Angga KartiwaDivision of Reconstructive Oculoplasty and Oncology, National Eye Center,
Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.Adji KusumadjatiRadiotherapy Oncology, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.0009-0009-1262-8691Widia NoviyantiNurse Oncology, National Eye Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.Pujani UtamiDivision of Pharmacy, National Eye Center,
Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.Nindi DwiLeoniPsychology, National Eye Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.Dika MaulanaChild
Conselour, National Eye Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.Karen FischhuberInstitute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research,
University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.0000-0002-5417-6875Petra KettelerDepartment of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen,
Essen, Germany.0000-0002-8138-0441Journal Article20251014Background: Retinoblastoma is a malignant ocular tumor in children. Patient characteristics differ between low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries. This study analyzes the clinical presentation and survival rates of patients with retinoblastoma at the National Eye Center (NEC) in Indonesia, a middle-income country. Methods: Clinical data of all children diagnosed with retinoblastoma at NEC between 2012 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: In 10 years, 395 patients with retinoblastoma were diagnosed and treated at NEC. The number of diagnoses increased from 2012 to 2019, but declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most patients were diagnosed under 5 years of age. The most common sign was leukocoria (77.5%), followed by proptosis (14.0%). Proptosis was even more common in children from remote areas of Indonesia (20.0%). At NEC, 73.4% had unilateral and 26.6% bilateral retinoblastoma. Patients with bilateral retinoblastoma were statistically noticeably younger at diagnosis than unilateral retinoblastoma (unilateral: 27 months; bilateral 21 months; p<0.001). In patients diagnosed between 2017 and 2021, overt extraocular retinoblastoma (IRSS III and IV) was detected in 16.1% while only 5.4% of patients presented with IRSS 0/I at diagnosis. The 3-year overall survival rate for patients diagnosed between 2017 and 2021 was 53.5% (95%-CI: [43.1%, 66.4%]). Conclusion: In Indonesia extraocular disease at diagnosis is common contributing to low survival rates. To address this, early detection programs, standardized referral pathways, and treatment guidelines have been implemented. These efforts aim to improve survival outcomes and bring them closer in line with those of other middle-income countries. https://journal.waocp.org/article_92275_3c867d4a4963ec05378d10605ea71f70.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Effects of Csyera Oil and Nutgrass Oil on Liver Function and Histopathology in Heat-Stressed Local Male Rabbits255725629227610.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2557ENAhmed JamilAbidAl- Mustaqbal University, 51001, Babylon, Iraq.0009-0000-6011-6599Ahlam J. H.AL-KhamasAL-Qasim Green University 51013, Babylon, Iraq.Shaymaa Abd Al-JassimAl ShukeriAL-Qasim Green University 51013, Babylon, Iraq.Khalil GazarChelab Al-NaileyAL-Qasim Green University 51013, Babylon, Iraq.Ranin SaffaaHamadAL-Qasim Green University 51013, Babylon, Iraq.0009-0006-3360-7513Ali AlhusainyAl- Mustaqbal University, 51001, Babylon, Iraq.0009-0006-7139-8900Journal Article20251102Objective: To evaluate the protective effects of Csyera oil (gum tragacanth; derived from Astragalus gummifer) and nutgrass oil (Cyperus rotundus), administered individually or in combination, on body weight and liver function in heat-stressed male rabbits. Methods: Twenty-four local male rabbits were randomly assigned to four equal groups (n = 6 per group). The control group received 0.2 ml normal saline orally. The second group received Csyera oil (0.2 ml/kg body weight), the third group received nutgrass oil (0.2 ml/kg), and the fourth group received a combination of both oils (0.1 ml/kg each). All treatments were administered orally for 15 consecutive days under heat stress conditions. Body weight was recorded, and liver function was evaluated by measuring serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathological examination of liver tissue was also performed. Results: The combination treatment significantly increased body weight compared with the control and single-treatment groups (P < 0.01). Serum AST, ALT, and MDA levels were significantly reduced in the combined-treatment group compared with all other groups (P < 0.01), indicating improved liver function and reduced oxidative stress. Rabbits treated with Csyera oil alone showed mild inflammatory infiltration and vascular dilatation, whereas those treated with nutgrass oil alone exhibited marked collagen fiber proliferation and replacement of hepatic tissue. In contrast, the combined-treatment group demonstrated near-normal hepatic architecture with minimal pathological alterations. Conclusion: Combined oral administration of Csyera oil and nutgrass oil at 0.1 ml/kg each was more effective in protecting liver function and reducing heat stress–induced oxidative damage than either oil administered alone at 0.2 ml/kg.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92276_5696f0e0728a37d9457fc64bf234afe8.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Assessment of Anatomic Surface Contour Variations During Radiation Therapy in Oral Cavity Cancer Patients with Flap Reconstruction by Co-Registering Planning CT and Cone Beam CT Scan256325699227710.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2563ENMariam HinaSection of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.Muhammad UmerSection of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.Bilal AhmedSection of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.Maham KhanSection of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.Laraib KhanSection of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.0000-0002-9957-2185Tooba AliSection of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.Tahir MunirSection of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.Muhammad AbdulWasayMedical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.Zaka-ur-Rehman KhanSection of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.Maria TariqSection of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.Nasir AliSection of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.Asim HafizSection of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.Ahmed NadeemAbbasiSection of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.Bilal MazharQureshiSection of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.Journal Article20251101Background: Oral cavity cancer (OCC) patients undergoing flap reconstruction during surgery present unique anatomical challenges during postoperative radiation therapy (PORT). Variations in body contour and internal anatomy can affect dose distribution and necessitate adaptive radiotherapy (ART). However, limited data is available regarding the frequency, timing, and causes of re-planning. Objective: To evaluate anatomical surface contour variations and the need for adaptive re-planning in OCC patients with flap reconstruction (OCCwFR) receiving PORT using co-registration of planning CT and cone-beam CT (CBCT). Methods: This prospective observational study included adult OCCwFR patients treated with curative-intent PORT. Daily portal imaging and weekly CBCTs were analyzed. Variations greater than 1 cm across three or more consecutive CBCTs were considered significant. Changes were categorized as progression, regression, internal target motion, or setup error. Factors associated with adaptive re-planning were recorded. Results: Among 111 patients, 39 (35%) required re-planning. Regression was the predominant change (92%), mainly due to weight loss (80%), followed by edema resolution and tumor response. Re-planning occurred mostly around the 20th fraction. Progression-related changes were rare (5%) and occurred earlier (3rd week). No association was found between flap type and re-planning (p= 0.21). Weight loss strongly correlated with re-planning (χ²= 45.5, p< 0.0001) and mean volume reduction of 50 cc. Conclusion: Anatomical changes during PORT in OCCwFR patients are frequent, predominantly due to weight loss. Mid-treatment ART around the 5th week and proactive nutritional support are essential to maintain dosimetric accuracy and treatment efficacy.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92277_4c45d280bbf892ca9dc718b0cbc49f3d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Superiority of Adjuvant Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy Over Chemotherapy Following Radical Cystectomy257125809229810.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2571ENAsmaa Salah IbrahimRadiotherapy Department at South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt.Doaa AliGamalClinical Oncology Department at Assiut
University Hospital, Assiut University, Egypt.0000-0002-8318-1884Abdallah HadiaMedical Oncology Department at South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut university,
Egypt.Asmaa HasaballahRadiotherapy Department at South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt.0009-0002-7159-4726Journal Article20251101Background: Bladder cancer (LABC) after radical cystectomy (RC) is common, even with chemotherapy, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the effect and efficacy of adjuvant sandwich chemotherapy plus radiotherapy versus adjuvant chemotherapy alone for LABC after RC. Methodology: This phase III trial was conducted in 125 patients with bladder cancer who underwent RC and were randomized to one of the following two adjuvant treatments. The chemotherapy plus RT arm received 2 cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin before and after RT, with a 1-week break between chemotherapy and RT. The second arm, receiving chemotherapy alone, had 4 cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin. Results: LRF was significantly reduced in the combined group (P < 0.001); however, DM was comparable between groups (p = 0.3). Furthermore, 64.9% of patients in the combined group were still alive, compared with only 5.9% in the chemotherapy group. Moreover, the mean time to local failure was not significantly different between the two groups (24.0 ± 0.1 vs. 26.5 ± 9.8, p = 0.08, respectively, for the combined group compared with the chemotherapy arm), but the mean time to DM was significantly prolonged in the combined group compared with the chemotherapy group (51.2 ± 14.9 vs. 29.7 ± 12.1, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Adjuvant chemotherapy plus RT was associated with significant improvements in LRFS and improvements in OS compared with chemotherapy alone in LABC.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92298_3ac331817af448847274e8b9e44f1c10.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Age-Specific Predictive Value of Ultrasound, Mammography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Breast Malignancy in Baghdad, Iraq258125879228110.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2581ENQutaiba Abd El-RazaqMunerDepartment of surgery, College of Health and Medical Techniques. University of Al-Mashreq, Baghdad, Iraq.Journal Article20251107Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide and in Iraq. The rising incidence and mortality are mostly attributed by late diagnosis and inadequate screening. Although mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging are essential for early detection, their diagnostic performance varies by age, breast density, and population characteristics. Most available guidelines are based on Western populations and may not be fully applicable to younger Iraqi women with dense breasts, particularly in resource-limited settings. Methods: This prospective comparative study was carried out from January 2023 to December 2024 at two teaching hospitals in Baghdad. A total of 485 symptomatic women (25–80 years) underwent the three imaging modalities, with histopathological confirmation. Breast density was classified using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, and patients were stratified into four age categories (<40, 40–49, 50–59, and ≥60 years). Findings categorized as 4 or 5 were considered positive. Diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) was evaluated overall and by age groups. Results: Dense breasts were observed in 65.6% of participants, especially in women under 40 years (87.3%). Ultrasound showed higher sensitivity in women <40 years (92.3% vs. 78.5% for mammography), while mammography performed best in women aged 50–59 years (94.2%). Magnetic resonance imaging had the highest sensitivity (91.4%) but the lowest specificity (78.5%), particularly in younger women (73.0%). Mammography had the highest false-negative rate in women <40 years (21.5%), whereas magnetic resonance imaging showed higher false-positive rates (26.8%). Dense breasts reduced mammographic sensitivity but had limited impact on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: Imaging performance in Iraqi women is age- and density-dependent. Ultrasound is most suitable for women under 40 years, mammography for those aged 50–59 years, and magnetic resonance imaging for high-risk cases. These findings support age-adapted imaging strategies in Iraq.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92281_cec69f0abbcc44705367fc70a993fe1b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Isorhamnetin-3-O-Neohesperidoside Exerts Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Activity by Targeting Multiple Oncogenic Pathways258925999228210.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2589ENFlavian Borgia Sherin RebeccaPG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.Ramanathan SharmilaPG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.Rajamanickam Pon NivedhaPG and Research Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, India.Journal Article20251107Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of Isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside (IHN), a naturally occurring O-methylated flavonol, against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, with a particular focus on its impact on cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolic regulation, and oxidative stress. Methods: Human liver cancer HepG2 cells were treated with varying concentrations of IHN for 24 and 48 hours. The cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects were assessed using standard cytotoxicity assays. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell cycle distribution and apoptosis induction. Metabolic assays evaluated glucose uptake and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) activity to assess the Warburg effect. Oxidative stress markers were analyzed by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and the glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of key regulatory genes. Results: IHN exhibited potent, dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, with Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values decreasing from 161.22 μM (24 h) to 95.87 μM (48 h). IHN- induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest accompanied by the upregulation of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A/p21) and promoted apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway, as shown by increased expression of BCL2-associated X Protein (BAX), Caspase-3 (CASP-3), and Caspase-9 (CASP-9). Metabolically, IHN suppressed the Warburg effect, leading to reduced glucose uptake and decreased LDH-A activity. This was associated with a marked increase in ROS levels and lipid peroxidation, along with depletion of GSH/GSSG and downregulation of antioxidant genes, indicating severe oxidative stress. Conclusion: IHN exerts significant anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity by targeting multiple oncogenic pathways. Its mechanism involves cell cycle arrest, intrinsic apoptosis induction, metabolic suppression, and redox imbalance. These findings suggest that IHN is a promising multi-target natural compound that exploits the metabolic and oxidative vulnerabilities of HepG2 cells, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92282_68274a73ee14960e253d8c64473d1d08.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260727Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Overlapping Gene Networks Between Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Paclitaxel-Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Activated T Cells as Potential Immunotherapeutic Targets260126149227810.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2601ENYan Wisnu PrajokoOncology Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University / Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia.0000-0003-2659-9923Dedy HermansyahDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.0000-0002-5980-2556Tri WidiandaniDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, 60115 Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Drug Development Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia.0000-0002-0156-6095Nur Dina AmalinaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.0000-0002-6314-3661Journal Article20251120Background: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are responsible for chemotherapy resistance, metastasis, and tumor recurrence. Paclitaxel-primed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can activate T cells, offering a novel immunotherapeutic approach. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BCSC-immune interactions remain poorly understood. Objective: To identify overlapping gene networks between BCSCs, paclitaxel-treated cells, activated T cells, and paclitaxel-primed MSCs, and to validate their functional relevance in targeting BCSCs. Methods: Comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed using data from TCGA to identify genes co-expressed across BCSCs, paclitaxel-treated cells, activated T cells, and MSCs. Protein-protein interaction network analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, and KEGG pathway mapping were conducted using STRING-DB, DAVID, and cBioPortal. Mutation analysis and survival correlations were assessed across 151 breast cancer samples. Experimental validation was performed using MTT viability assays and qRT-PCR in metastatic breast cancer cells treated with paclitaxel, activated T cell-conditioned medium, and MSC-derived factors. Results: We identified 158 genes co-expressed across all four conditions, forming a highly interconnected PPI network (136 nodes, 524 edges). Network centrality analysis revealed TP53, AKT1, and STAT3 as top hub genes. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated significant involvement in epithelial cell proliferation, stress responses, and transcriptional regulation. KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint pathway, and Th1/Th2 differentiation. TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene (77.5%), which correlated with a poor prognosis. Experimental validation demonstrated that combined paclitaxel and activated T cell treatment reduced BCSC viability by 75%, upregulated TP53 expression, and suppressed PIK3CA expression by 85%. Conclusion: This study reveals critical molecular networks connecting BCSCs and immune activation, identifying TP53, AKT1, and STAT3 as central therapeutic targets. Paclitaxel-primed MSC-activated T cells synergize with chemotherapy to suppress BCSC viability by modulating the TP53 and PIK3CA pathways, providing a mechanistic rationale for combinatorial immunotherapy in breast cancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92278_caccf3accfddadcd8777b50c473d23f3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Betulinic Acid Extracted from Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Leaves Inhibits Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Metastasis by Activating E-cadherin and Inhibiting MMP-9 and VEGF261526239228310.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2615ENRassameepen PhonarknguenThe Monitoring and Surveillance Center of Zoonotic Disease in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.0000-0003-2354-4126Wanvisa SurarithThe Monitoring and Surveillance Center of Zoonotic Disease in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.Kanjana AssawasuparerkDepartment of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.0009-0003-6954-2975Journal Article20251120Background: Cholangiocarcinoma, a bile duct cancer, is highly metastatic. Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene glycoside found in the leaves of guava (Psidium guajava L.), exhibits various biological activities, including inhibition of cancer progression in multiple cancer cell types. However, the mechanism of action of BA in human cholangiocarcinoma (HuCCA) invasion and metastasis remains unclear. Objective: This study investigated the effects of BA on HuCCA cell apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Methods: The effects of BA treatment on apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis were determined using immunofluorescence staining, transwell invasion assay, wound healing assays, and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results: The findings revealed that BA effectively reduced metastasis and invasion in HuCCA cells. Mechanistically, this effect was associated with an increase in E-cadherin expression and a corresponding downregulation of MMP-9 and VEGF. Furthermore, BA-induced apoptosis was correlated with an increase in caspase-3 activity. Conclusion: These findings suggest that BA extract from guava leaves not only induces apoptosis but also actively counteracts invasion and metastasis by upregulating E-cadherin and suppressing the expression of MMP-9 and VEGF. Therefore, BA from guava leaves shows significant promise as a therapeutic agent against the development and metastasis of HuCCA. https://journal.waocp.org/article_92283_ff5865f7a6a345d612f17cdcdf1d111a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Disease Progression: A Comprehensive Scoping Review across Molecular Subtypes262526349230410.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2625ENMuhamad FirmandaMaster of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0009-0007-7369-6626Teguh AryandonoDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-1143-4125Irianiwati WidodoDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-0346-0550Dyah LaksmiDewiDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0001-7937-4221Journal Article20251128Objective: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease consisting of molecular subtypes with varying aggressiveness, growth rates, and therapeutic responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) hold potential as biomarkers owing to their role in gene expression regulation in cancer, as well as their specificity and stability in clinical samples. The mapping of miRNAs associated with disease recurrence and progression in each breast cancer subtype remains limited. This scoping review aimed to map the scientific literature on miRNAs related to recurrence and disease progression in TNBC, luminal, and HER2+ breast cancer subtypes. Methods: Literature searches were conducted in the Scopus and PubMed electronic databases using predefined keywords. Retrieved records were screened, and duplicates were removed. Selection based on title, abstract, and full text was performed according to the established inclusion criteria. Data extracted from eligible studies included cancer subtype, stage, type and timing of sample collection, treatment, miRNA identification technique, miRNA expression patterns, target genes and molecular pathways, clinical outcomes, and biomarker types. This scoping review was developed using the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Result: A total of 28 studies were included and reviewed. miRNAs associated with the TNBC subtype were the most investigated in both profiling and non-profiling studies. The patterns of miRNA expression varied among the TNBC, luminal, and HER2+ subtypes. Of the 74 miRNAs identified across all breast cancer subtypes, only two miRNAs (miR-30c-5p and miR-195-5p) were found in different subtypes. The miRNAs in each breast cancer subtype were demonstrated to be prognostic, predictive, or both. Conclusion: This scoping review provides an overview of the unique miRNA expression patterns associated with recurrence and disease progression in TNBC, luminal, and HER2+ breast cancer subtypes. The differences in miRNA expression between breast cancer subtypes emphasize the importance of investigating miRNA biomarkers specific to breast cancer subtypes.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92304_fdfd5eb8882c1740e6a409191ada690c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Outcomes of an Opportunistic Screening Mammography Program Using the Mobile Mammography Unit in Sindh, Pakistan263526419228410.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2635ENSana ZeeshanSection of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.0000-0003-1645-400XGulnaz ShafqatSection of Women’s Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.0000-0001-6521-5078Danish AliDepartment of Surgery, UT Health San Antonio, Texas, USA.0000-0003-3952-7793Shaista AfzalSection of Women’s Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.0000-0003-2386-6424Amna GulNorth Alabama Medical Center, Alabama, USA.0009-0009-6414-6264Nimrah InamJinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.0009-0004-7430-504XKarla KerlikowskeDepartments of Medicine & Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, California, USA.Uzma ShamsiDepartment of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan.0000-0002-5068-3773Journal Article20251130Background: This study evaluated opportunistic screening mammography outcomes in a mobile mammography unit (MMU), performed for breast cancer detection among populations with limited access to breast imaging in Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among women undergoing screening at the MMU stationed at two secondary hospitals of Aga Khan University Hospital from March 2019 to March 2021. Women aged ≥40 years and those <40 years at high risk for breast cancer were screened. Performance indicators included the cancer detection rate (CDR), BI-RADS assessment, and recall rate. Results: 1042 women were screened at the MMU. The median age was 49 years. 76.6% of women underwent screening for the first time. 64.7% of women had dense or heterogeneously dense breasts; however, heterogeneously dense breasts constituted the largest proportion (57.1%). The overall recall rate was 65.5%, out of which breast ultrasound was advised in 59.8% for dense breasts and additional mammographic views in 10.3% because of suspicious findings. Biopsy was advised for 20 women, of whom 13 (65%) completed the biopsy, yielding 11 cancers (CDR 10.6 per 1,000), Of all the diagnosed malignancies, 8 were invasive, 2 were ductal carcinoma in situ and histology of one cancer was unknown, with 72.7% of invasive cancers being node negative. Conclusion: This cohort of a largely first-time screened population with dense breasts yielded a high CDR and predominantly early-stage, node-negative cancers. The elevated CDR highlights a substantial reservoir of undiagnosed disease in underserved populations. MMU-based screening is known to be effective at identifying early breast cancers; however, its deficiency in a low-middle-income country (LMIC), such as Pakistan, calls for the immediate establishment of screening programs, preferably in mobile units across the country. Integrating MMUs with targeted outreach, on-site diagnostic tools, and patient navigation may improve follow-up adherence and further enhance early detection efforts.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92284_63c688634dc2443365209955f298e2ec.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260727Dosimetric Comparison of Three-dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT) vs Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) for Primary Malignant Brain Tumors264326519228610.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2643ENPragnahitha NeeruduDepartment of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.Arpitha SDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bengaluru, India.Chandramouli RamalingamDepartment of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.Kesavan MurugesanDepartment
of Radiation Oncology, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.Naga Sai Divya KariDepartment of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.Thirumal MDepartment of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.0000-0002-5857-7561Ajay KumarKondetiDepartment of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.0000-0003-0661-6095Journal Article20251206Background: Advances in radiotherapy planning have led to better dose delivery and protection of organs at risk (OAR) in malignant brain tumors. Though three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) is still commonly used, Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) delivers highly precise doses with dynamic adjustments. This study compares dosimetric differences prospectively between 3D-CRT and VMAT in primary malignant brain tumors. Methods: Fifty (50) patients with confirmed malignant primary brain tumors who received postoperative or definitive radiotherapy were assessed. Each patient had CT simulations, target and OAR contouring, and two distinct plans: 3D-CRT and VMAT using 6 MV photons. Treatment was delivered as per VMAT planning. The dosimetric endpoints included PTV coverage (D2%, D50%, D98%), conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), and OAR doses (optic nerves, optic chiasm, brainstem, cochlea, retina, lens, pituitary, and spinal cord). Results: VMAT delivered significantly lower doses to some OARs compared to 3D-CRT. The Dmax to the right and left optic nerves was significantly lower with VMAT (24.77 Gy vs. 32.34 Gy, p=0.002; 27.35 Gy vs. 32.86 Gy, p=0.032). For the optic chiasm, both the Dmax and Dmean doses were significantly lower with VMAT (31.28 Gy vs. 36.32 Gy, p=0.036; 24.27 Gy vs. 30.77 Gy, p=0.019). The Dmean for the right cochlea was greatly reduced (7.27 Gy vs. 15.97 Gy, p=0.007). Differences in doses to the brainstem, pituitary, retina, and lens were minimal and not statistically significant. The PTV metrics (D2%, D50%, D98%) showed no significant differences between the techniques. The conformity index was acceptable for both plans (VMAT 0.903; 3D-CRT 1.089). Homogeneity indices were similar. Conclusion: VMAT offers better sparing of several critical OARs, such as the optic pathways and cochleae, while maintaining similar PTV coverage compared to 3D-CRT. Both techniques meet acceptable dose limits, but VMAT may be preferred for tumors near sensitive structures.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92286_a2367dd506a9de1db9c4e5deabf18428.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Augmented Reality-Based Breast Self-Examination Education and Its Effects on Knowledge and Perceived Behavioral Control Among Indonesian Adolescent Girls: A Quasi-Experimental Study265326629228810.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2653ENNur KhasanahDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Respati Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0003-2733-1865Anita LilianaDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Respati Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-4804-0875Melania WahyuningsihDepartment of Informatics Engineering,
Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Respati Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-5161-6740Nurhadi Wijaya SugiartoDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health
Sciences,Universitas Respati Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Journal Article20251208Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, with an increasing burden among adolescents and young adults. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple and low-cost method for early detection; yet, its practice remains suboptimal in this age group. Augmented Reality (AR) is a promising approach to enhancing cancer education. Objective: This study aims to rigorously compare the effects of AR-based education and traditional learning on breast self-examination (BSE) knowledge and perceived behavioral control (PBC) among adolescent girls, with the goal of identifying the more effective approach for empowering this population. Methods: A quasi-experimental posttest-only non-equivalent control group design was conducted among tenth-grade female students at a public senior high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 140 adolescents were assigned to an intervention group (n = 70) or a control group (n = 70). The intervention group received AR-based BSE education using a three-dimensional mobile application, whereas the control group received lecture-based education with posters and leaflets. Knowledge and PBC were assessed three months after the intervention using validated, self-administered questionnaires, and data were analyzed using appropriate nonparametric tests (α = 0.05). Results: The AR group demonstrated a substantially higher proportion of participants with high knowledge compared to the control group (71.4% vs. 28.6%; p < 0.001, r = 0.26), as well as significantly higher total knowledge scores (p = 0.002). Participants in the AR group were significantly less likely to perceive BSE as time-consuming, expensive, complex, or embarrassing (all p < 0.01). Notably, perceived behavioral control (PBC) increased in the AR group (p < 0.001, r = 0.767). Conclusions: AR-based education was superior to conventional learning, resulting in significant improvements in BSE-related knowledge, substantial reductions in perceived barriers, and a marked increase in perceived behavioral control among adolescent girls.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92288_461f360f71c2926519c483976d59ece4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Cancer Distribution Pattern in the City of Kenitra, Morocco (2017-2022): A Pathology-Based Study266326719228910.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2663ENRadia El GuiBiology & Health Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.0000-0002-2921-2600Soumia Ed-DayBiology & Health Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.Azzouz HaddanPathological and Cytology Laboratory, El Idrissi Hospital, Kenitra, Morocco.Mohamed SaadIbn Sina Pathological and Cytology Laboratory, Kenitra, Morocco.Samira Boulbaroud,Polydisciplinary faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco.Fatima Zahra AzzaouiBiology & Health Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.0000-0003-4427-5148Journal Article20251213Background: Cancer epidemiological surveillance is essential for implementing an effective prevention policy. In Morocco, only two population-based cancer registries (Rabat and Casablanca), along with a limited number of local studies, provide data on cancer incidence. This report aims to describe the pattern of cancer incidence rates in the region of Kenitra. Methods: This was a pathology-laboratory-based retrospective and descriptive study of all newly diagnosed cancers in public and private pathology laboratories in Kenitra between January 2017 and December 2022. Data on gender, age, and cancer locations were collected from medical records. Statistical analysis was limited to descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, crude incidence rates, and age-standardized rates. Results: 2,682 cancer cases were recorded, with 1,535 males (57.23%) and 1,147 females (42.77%). The female-to-male ratio is 0.74. The median age at diagnosis was 59 (55 for females and 62 for males). The crude incidence rate was 254 per 100,000 population (291 per 100,000 for males and 217 per 100,000 for females). The overall age-standardized rate (ASR) was 283 per 100,000 (162 per 100,000 for males and 120 per 100,000 for females). The leading cancers among males were prostate (34.31%), bladder (19.27%), skin (13.54%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (5.34%), stomach (3.97%), lung (3.84%), and colon (3.84%). The leading cancers among females were breast (27%), skin (15%), cervix (8%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (5%), thyroid (5.49%), uterus (5%), and stomach (3.83%). Conclusion: Our study is the first to explore the occurrence of cancers in the city of Kenitra. The high rates of bladder and skin cancer in this area warrant further epidemiological studies to identify etiological factors, develop control programs, and formulate prevention strategies. https://journal.waocp.org/article_92289_d76c56e2ddeb9ff2d7f0c69d738d49e0.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Treatment Patterns and Survival Outcomes in a Real-World Cohort of 263 Patients with EGFR L858R-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Focus on EGFR-TKI Selection267326809230310.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2673ENVinh Hung PhamNghe An Oncology Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam.Huyen Nga DoDepartment of Hematologic Oncology, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.0009-0008-6830-7339Khanh Toan NguyenDepartment of Medical Oncology 2, Nghe An Oncology Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam.0009-0000-5862-3874Lam VanNgoDepartment of Medical Oncology 2, Nghe An Oncology Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam.0009-0001-8567-3700Thi Huong PhamDepartment of Medical Oncology 2, Nghe An Oncology Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam.Thi Hong Anh VoDepartment of Medical Oncology 2, Nghe An Oncology Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam.Thi Thuy PhanDepartment of Medical Oncology 2, Nghe An Oncology Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam.Thi Thu Hien TranDepartment of Medical Oncology 2, Nghe An Oncology Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam.Thi My Hanh TranDepartment of Medical Oncology 2, Nghe An Oncology Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam.Thi Thuy My NguyenDepartment of Medical Oncology 2, Nghe An Oncology Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam.Van Thanh LeDepartment of Medical Oncology 2, Nghe An Oncology Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam.Thi Hai Yen LeDepartment of Medical Oncology 2, Nghe An Oncology Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam.Tuan Trung TranDepartment of Medical Oncology 2, Nghe An Oncology Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam.Khanh Hung TruongDepartment of Medical Oncology 2, Nghe An Oncology Hospital, Nghe An, Vietnam.Journal Article20251213Aim: Compare the treatment efficacy of EGFR TKIs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer with the EGFR L858R exon 21 mutation. Materials and methods: This retrospective analysis included 263 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer harboring the EGFR L858R mutation who were treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) at Nghe An Oncology Hospital, Vietnam, between January 2018 and June 2025. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and differences between groups were compared using the log-rank test. The association of clinical factors with survival outcomes was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the study population were 14.1 months and 24.9 months, respectively. In the entire population (n=263), osimertinib demonstrated superior efficacy compared to first-and second generation EGFR TKIs (PFS: HR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21-0.63, p < 0.001; OS: HR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15-0.63, p = 0.001). In multivariate analyses (n = 232), afatinib was not associated with a statistically significant improvement in survival outcomes compared to first generation EGFR TKIs (PFS: HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.43–1.13, p = 0.143; OS: HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.42–1.19, p = 0.199). Subgroup analysis showed that the benefits of osimertinib were maintained in patients with malignant pleural effusion (PFS: HR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.16-0.95, p = 0.040; OS: HR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11-0.87, p = 0.027). Conclusions: In patients with the EGFR L858R exon 21 mutation, our real-world data demonstrate that osimertinib is the most effective TKI, while afatinib offers no significant survival advantage over first-generation TKIs. This underscores the importance of mutation-specific treatment strategies.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92303_b75b540848768866ded16e4d06aaa55d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Determinants of System and Patient Delays in Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Multi-Level Observational Analysis in a Tertiary Care Setting268126889230210.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2681ENPratibha SinghDepartment of Community Medicine, SN Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.Renu AgrawalDepartment of Community Medicine, SN Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.Surabhi GuptaDepartment of Radiotherapy, SN Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.Journal Article20251215Background: Delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment significantly impact patient outcomes. Understanding the determinants of system-related and patient-related delays is crucial for improving cancer care pathways. Objectives: To identify and analyse the sociodemographic, clinical, psychological, and awareness factors associated with system and patient delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in a tertiary care setting. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital involving 95 breast cancer patients. Participants were interviewed using a comprehensive questionnaire assessing sociodemographic factors, barriers and facilitators to care, clinical characteristics, and psychological factors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant associations. Results: Illiteracy (OR = 5.20, p = 0.007) and housewife status (p = 0.036) were significant predictors of patient delay. Major barriers included financial constraints (67.4%), fear of excessive treatment (40%), discomfort with male doctors (67.4%), and transportation challenges (66.3%). Healthcare provider recommendations (58.9%), female doctors (61.1%), and spousal support (62.1%) were key facilitators. Multivariate analysis revealed that the first point of care (p = 0.009), emotional distress (p = 0.041), and personal shyness (p = 0.007) significantly influenced delays. Homeopathy use was associated with delay (p = 0.010), while early breast self-examination practice was protective (p = 0.000). Conclusions: Delays in breast cancer care are multifactorial, stemming from sociodemographic disparities, cultural beliefs, psychological factors, and system-level challenges. Interventions addressing health literacy, gender-sensitive care, financial assistance, and family/workplace support are essential for reducing delays and improving treatment outcomes.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92302_b774a054a9a120dbd465e47b6c031902.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Agarose-Based 3D Spheroid Model to Evaluate the Anticancer Activity of the Curcumin Analog CCA-1.1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer268926969229010.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2689ENIka RahmawatiSutejoCancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia. Biotechnology Doctorate Study Program, Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.Riris IstighfariJenieCancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.0000-0002-0230-6260Muthi IkawatiCancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. Study Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.0000-0002-5968-0130Sofia MubarikaHaryanaStudy Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Public Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.0000-0001-7205-652XIkhlas MuhammadJenieFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia.Chio OkaFunctional Genomics and Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 6300101, Japan.0000-0001-9352-461XJournal Article20251216Background: Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems provide superior simulation of the tumour microenvironment compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Chemoprevention agent curcumin analog-1.1 (CCA-1.1), a synthetic curcumin derivative, has demonstrated promising anticancer properties against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study aimed to develop and use a 3D agarose-based culture system for MDA-MB-231 cells to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of CCA-1.1 as an anticancer agent. Methods: MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were cultured in both a 2D monolayer and a 3D agarose-based spheroid system. Cytotoxicity was assessed using CCK-8 assays, and IC50 values were determined. Spheroid formation capacity was evaluated and compared with that of doxorubicin. Propidium iodide staining was performed to assess cell viability and structural integrity. Gene expression analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and metastasis-related proteins (E-cadherin, MMP2, and MMP9) was conducted using qRT-PCR. Results: CCA-1.1 demonstrated IC50 values of 1.48±0.28 µM in 2D cultures versus 6.12±0.27 µM in 3D cultures, while doxorubicin showed IC50 values of 0.79±0.22 µM (2D) and 2.65±0.3 µM (3D). CCA-1.1 reduced spheroid formation by 40% compared to controls, whereas doxorubicin achieved 96% inhibition. Propidium iodide staining showed that CCA-1.1 induced cell death while preserving the spheroid structure, unlike doxorubicin, which disrupted the architecture. Expression level analysis revealed that CCA-1.1 reduced MMP2 (0.15-fold, p=0.0001) and MMP9 (0.25-fold, p<0.0001) levels while increasing E-cadherin levels by 1.54-fold (p=0.379). Conclusion: Our study using a 3D agarose-based spheroid culture confirms the cytotoxicity of CCA-1.1 against MDA-MB-231 and showed that the compound inhibited spheroid formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and reduced the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases. These data support the development of CCA-1.1 as a candidate chemotherapeutic agent for TNBC.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92290_bdba59af88e542bf1df47a3f3040bc26.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Study of the Role of Circulating Cell-Free DNA in the Diagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma269727039229110.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2697ENMohsen MohammedEL- KhaiatTropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.Heba MostafaEl HagaryTropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.Atef Abou ElsoudAlyTropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.Ali SaadeldinNadaHepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.Mona GamalEI-AbdClinical Pathology department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.Khaled AbdelmonemAbourishaTropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.Ahmed Abo-Zaid AhmedTeimaTropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.Journal Article20251225Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive biliary malignancy usually diagnosed at advanced stages because early symptoms are vague. Conventional serum markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), have limited sensitivity and specificity. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), particularly ALU-115, ALU-247 and DNA integrity index, may provide improved diagnostic accuracy by reflecting tumor-derived DNA fragmentation. Methods: A case-control study enrolled 160 subjects divided into four groups, each comprising 40 individuals: CCA (Group I), other hepatobiliary malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic head cancer (Group II), benign biliary disorders (Group III), and healthy controls (Group IV). Clinical data, biochemical parameters, tumor markers, and cfDNA fragments were assessed. cfDNA was quantified by real-time PCR using ALU-115 (short fragments) and ALU-247 (long fragments). The DNA integrity index was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine diagnostic performance. Results: Serum CEA and CA19-9 were significantly higher in Groups I and II compared with Groups III and IV (p < 0.001), but they showed limited discrimination between CCA and other malignancies. cfDNA markers demonstrated significantly higher values in CCA than in other groups (p < 0.001). Against Group II, ALU-247 >800 copies/ml yielded 80% sensitivity and 75% specificity, while DNA integrity >0.89 achieved 70% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Against Group III, ALU-115 >700 copies/ml showed 85% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Versus controls, an ALU-115 >580 copies/ml reached 95% sensitivity and 95% specificity. Conclusion: cfDNA concentrations and integrity indices outperform CEA and CA19-9 for distinguishing CCA from other malignancies, benign biliary disease, and healthy subjects. These findings support the incorporation of cfDNA-based assays as minimally invasive diagnostic adjuncts for CCA pending larger validation studies.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92291_f44686213caced78c4889aadaa13e61d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701The Synergistic Effects of Metformin with Pitavstatin Against MDA-MB-468 Breast Cancer Cells270527129229710.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2705ENNader N.AAlnahhalFaculty of Postgraduate Studies and Scientific Research, University of AL-Butana, Ruffaa, Sudan.Mohammed AAdrisDepartment of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, University of AL-Butana, Ruffaa, Sudan.Saeb HAliwainiDepartment of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of
Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine.Akram MAltaherDepartment of Medical Sciences, University College of Science and Technology-
Khan Yunis, Palestine.0000-0003-4467-312XJournal Article20251228Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies are associated with several limitations, including cytotoxic side effects and multidrug resistance. As a result, a shift toward drugs with fewer adverse effects and greater efficacy must occur. Recent studies have demonstrated the anticancer potential of both metformin and pitavastatin. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of their combination on MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The MTT assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity of metformin and pitavastatin on MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effects of the combined treatment were assessed using the trypan blue assay and the clonogenic assay. Additionally, a scratch assay was used to evaluate the migration ability of MDA-MB-468 cells after treatment with metformin and pitavastatin treatments. Results: Both metformin and pitavastatin significantly reduced the viability of MDA-MB-468 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Metformin exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 0.92mM, while pitavastatin showed an IC₅₀ of 1.72µM. Notably, the combined treatment produced a stronger antiproliferative effect compared to either drug alone. Trypan blue data revealed a higher rate of cell death following combination therapy. Furthermore, colony formation was completely inhibited (100%) by the combined treatment compared with to the control group. The scratch assay demonstrated that the combination significantly suppressed cell migration, indicating a synergistic anti-migratory effect. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the combination of metformin and pitavastatin exerts a synergistic anticancer effect against MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells and may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92297_5ff6ee6afeda27139d90a220eba52534.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Arginase 2 Downregulation in High-Grade Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Its Spatial Inverse Association with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes271327199229210.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2713ENArif BudimanKaharuddinDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia.0009-0002-4782-6400Muhammad Husni CangaraDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia.Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Hasanuddin University Hospital, Indonesia.0000-0002-5160-8265Upik A MiskadDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia. Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Hasanuddin University Hospital, Indonesia.0000-0002-1980-395XSyarifuddin WahidAnatomical Pathology Laboratory, Hasanuddin University Hospital, Indonesia. Sentra Diagnostik Patologia Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia.Djumadi AchmadAnatomical Pathology Laboratory, Hasanuddin University Hospital, Indonesia. Sentra Diagnostik Patologia Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia.Berti JulianNelwanDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia.Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Hasanuddin University Hospital, Indonesia. Sentra Diagnostik Patologia Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia.0000-0002-1999-2412Journal Article20251229Objective: The interaction between metabolic enzymes and the immune microenvironment in prostate cancer is still complex. This study aimed to examine the relationship between Arginase 2 (ARG2) expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in prostate adenocarcinoma patients, as well as its correlation with histopathological grading, thereby elucidating immunometabolic mechanisms within the Indonesian patient population. Methods: This observational analytic study utilized a cross-sectional design, incorporating 105 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of prostate adenocarcinoma obtained from referral hospitals in Makassar, Indonesia. Immunohistochemistry was used to find out how much ARG2 was expressed, and digital image analysis (QuPath) was used to get an objective H-Score. According to the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Working Group guidelines, the density of TILs was measured on H&E-stained slides. Statistical analyses encompassed Spearman’s rank correlation, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test for spatial analysis. Result: The study population was predominantly characterized by high-grade tumors, with 45.7% categorized as Grade Group V (Gleason Score 9–10). The digital quantification of ARG2 was validated by manual scoring (r = 0.768, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant correlation between ARG2 expression and TILs density on a global scale (r = 0.048, p = 0.630). Nonetheless, paired spatial analysis indicated a significant local disparity; tumor regions infiltrated by TILs demonstrated substantially diminished ARG2 expression relative to adjacent non-infiltrated regions (p = 0.009). Moreover, ARG2 expression exhibited a significant inverse correlation with WHO Grade Group (p < 0.001), indicating substantial downregulation in high-grade tumors. Conclusion: The expression of Arginase 2 is significantly reduced in high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma, signifying tumor dedifferentiation. Although ARG2 does not universally forecast immune infiltration, it influences the tumor microenvironment locally, with increased expression correlating with immune exclusion.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92292_6bcb2dc12e1606e056483585ff4fe348.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Expression and Prognostic Value of Serum microRNA- 375 and microRNA- 182 in Correlation with Tissue Immunehistochemical Expression of Related Proteins, Serving as Novel Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer272127319229510.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2721ENDoaa MamdouhAlyDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.0000-0003-0886-3866Asmaa Mohamed FteahDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.Mohamed .A.ElrefaiyHepato-Gastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.0000-0001-7399-4163Mahmoud SherbinyHepato-Gastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.Enas El-NahasDepartment of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.Fatma HegabDepartment of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.Mohamed AbdoGeneral Surgery Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt.Journal Article20260108Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) commonly evolves through precursor adenomatous polyps; however, reliable non-invasive biomarkers capable of distinguishing benign from malignant colorectal lesions remain limited. Circulating microRNAs have emerged as promising molecular indicators of tumour initiation and progression. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic, prognostic, and mechanistic relevance of circulating miR-375 and miR-182 in patients with colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer. In addition, their performance was compared with conventional tumour markers and immunohistochemical staining of the tissues with caspase-3 was performed to assess apoptotic activity in malignant and adenomatous tissue. Methods: A total of 450 participants were enrolled, including 150 patients with CRC, 150 patients with colorectal polyps, and 150 healthy controls. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical data were collected. Circulating miRNA-375 and miRNA-182 expression levels were quantified and correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and logistic regression models were applied to identify independent predictors of CRC. Immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 was performed on tissue samples. Results: miR-375 expression showed a progressive and significant downregulation from controls to polyps and CRC, whereas miR-182 demonstrated marked upregulation across the same spectrum (both p < 0.001). miR-375 and miR-182 exhibited excellent diagnostic performance for CRC detection. Logistic regression analysis identified miR-375 (OR = 0.003, p = 0.002) and miR-182 (OR = 8.254, p = 0.001) as independent predictors of CRC. Caspase positivity independently predicted lymph node metastasis (OR = 12.038, p = 0.004). miR-375 demonstrated significant inverse correlations with CEA and CA 19-9 levels. Conclusions: The reciprocal dysregulation of miR-375 and miR-182 reflects a molecular transition from benign colorectal polyps to invasive CRC. These circulating miRNAs exhibit superior diagnostic accuracy compared with conventional tumour markers and may represent valuable non-invasive tools for early detection and risk stratification of colorectal cancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92295_cdb31c29d3380a5ae4a0a5c5b286e801.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701LINC00511 in Breast Cancer: A Bioinformatics Exploration of Its Prognostic Value, Functional Mechanisms, and Role in Tumor Immunity273327429226310.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2733ENLifeng ZhaoDepartment of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China. Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia.Caixin LiYoujiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China.Sangita BiswasDepartment of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia.Min LiuFaculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia.College of Medical Technology, Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang 550081, China.Journal Article20241212Objective: This study preliminarily examines the clinical value and molecular mechanisms of LINC00511 in breast cancer (BRCA) through bioinformatics analysis. Methods: Expression data of LINC00511 and related information for BRCA samples were collected from the TCGA website. The levels of LINC00511 in cancerous and normal tissues were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The relationship between LINC00511 levels and clinicopathological features was examined using the chi-square test. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were employed to evaluate the prognostic significance of LINC00511. Finally, to determine the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of LINC00511, functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses were performed using the Xiantao Academic website. Results: LINC00511 was found to be upregulated in BRCA. LINC00511 expression was closely related to T stage, pathological stage, race, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). For BRCA patients, independent prognostic factors included older age (≥65 years), advanced pathological stages (III and IV), and elevated LINC00511 levels. Enrichment analysis demonstrated the close association of LINC00511 with the IL-17 signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, chemical carcinogenesis, and drug metabolism. Furthermore, LINC00511 expression was significantly related to the level of immune cell infiltration. Conclusion: LINC00511 is significantly overexpressed in BRCA, and elevated levels of this factor are associated with a reduction in overall survival in BRCA patients. LINC00511 not only possesses a high degree of clinical value in the diagnosis and prognosis of BRCA but also has the potential to serve as a target for immunotherapy.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92263_ecede5b24c5a39dda51ee7d6ba9e8658.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827720260701Retraction of: Long-term Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients after Hepatectomy274327439230710.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2743ENJournal Article20260802Lei Zhou, Chang Liu, Fan-Di Meng, Kai Qu, Feng Tian, Ming-Hui Tai, Ji-Chao Wei, Rui-Tao Wang. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2012, 13, 2, 483. (DOI:10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.2.483).<br />The authors are retracting this article following the identification of critical irregularities in the survival analysis and statistical results. These issues undermine the reliability of the findings and conclusions presented in the study. Therefore, the authors and the journal have agreed to retract the article.<br /> <br /> <br /><br />