West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Methodological Considerations in Assessing Lung Cancer Knowledge, Attitude and Screening Practice in Uzbekistan: A Cross-Sectional Study313131329238910.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3131ENVaishnavi GawandeDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, Junior Resident, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India.0009-0004-9458-0575Sana AnwarDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, PhD Scholar, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India.0000-0002-4648-4755Journal Article20260223https://journal.waocp.org/article_92389_9dc5044a5479abafcddadc996397866c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901miR-126 and miR-143/145 Polymorphisms in Prostate Cancer: Clinical and Methodological Perspectives313331339235310.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3133ENAkif ErbinHealth Science University, Basaksehir Çam Sakura City Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkiye.0000-0001-7147-8288Serbay ArslanHealth Science University, Basaksehir Çam Sakura City Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkiye.Journal Article20260320https://journal.waocp.org/article_92353_fdfb91083bc605d9d446d2fc690c27ea.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Re: Van Diessen et al. Improved Overall Survival Due to Reduced Waiting Time in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Patients Treated with Chemoradiotherapy in Yogyakarta, Indonesia313531379239210.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3135ENErkan TopkanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Adana, Turkiye.Ugur SelekDepartment of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkiye.0000-0001-8087-3140Journal Article20260406https://journal.waocp.org/article_92392_f3369c6fe340eb815c75070c1deef6eb.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Emerging Insights into Comparative Genetic Mutations in HPV-Associated and HPV-Independent Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review313931509236210.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3139ENAna Beatriz CamilloSantosGraduate Program in Biosciences and Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.0000-0002-4986-4673Lucimara RodriguesCarobeliGraduate Program in Biosciences and Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.0000-0003-3066-4708Lyvia Eloiza De FreitasMeirellesGraduate Program in Biosciences and Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.0000-0003-4689-1286Maria Vitória FelipeDe SouzaGraduate Program in Biosciences and Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.0000-0002-9963-7583Vânia Ramos SelaDa SilvaGraduate Program in Biosciences and Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.0000-0002-1317-5737Marcia Edilaine LopesConsolaroGraduate Program in Biosciences and Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.Journal Article20251119Objective: Cervical cancer remains a major global health burden and is predominantly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, a subset of tumors develops independently of HPV, and their molecular characteristics are not fully understood. This study aimed to synthesize and compare the frequency of somatic mutations across key oncogenic pathways, p53, PI3K-Akt-mTOR, AMPK, and Ras-Raf-MAPK, in HPV-associated and HPV-independent cervical cancers. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251044316). Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central from January 2016 to March 2025 using controlled descriptors related to cervical cancer, somatic mutations, and HPV status. Eligible studies included observational designs reporting cervical cancers with molecular HPV testing and somatic mutation profiling. Data extraction was conducted independently by multiple reviewers and validated by a senior author. Study quality was assessed using STROBE criteria. Extracted variables encompassed sample characteristics, HPV status, sequencing method, genes assessed, and mutation frequencies. Results: Eleven studies comprising 3,479 cervical cancer samples met the inclusion criteria, including 468 (13.4%) HPV-independent tumors. HPV-independent cancers demonstrated higher frequencies of TP53 and CDKN2A mutations, reaching up to 50% and 37.5%, respectively. Alterations in the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, particularly PIK3CA and PTEN, showed heterogeneous patterns, with some studies reporting higher prevalence in HPV-independent tumors and others in HPV-associated tumors. Mutations in ERBB3, NTRK1, ITGB3, TSC2, and TERT were more frequent in HPV-associated cancers, while NTRK3 and RICTOR alterations appeared more common in HPV-independent tumors, although these findings were generally reported in isolated studies. Inconsistencies were also observed for STK11 (AMPK pathway) and KRAS (Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway). Considerable methodological variability limited cross-study comparability. Conclusions: HPV-independent cervical cancers may represent a distinct molecular subgroup, particularly regarding the p53 pathway; however, study heterogeneity limits firm conclusions. Further standardized genomic studies are needed.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92362_219d4675cc7792ddb3495d6bffd1ec10.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Cytotoxic Activity of Parotid Gland Toxins from Ingerophrynus philippinicus (Philippine Toad) Against Human Colorectal Carcinoma (HCT-116)315131599235510.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3151ENJjessmar BolivarFamaCollege of Medicine, West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines.0009-0009-5377-8944Hans Joshua YgrubayCollege of Medicine, West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines.0000-0002-3931-5857Anne Gwyneth TrayaCollege of Medicine, West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines.0009-0009-4647-8302Nicole LepardoCollege of Medicine, West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines.0009-0007-8731-2339Gerlyn Joy RojoCollege of Medicine, West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines.0009-0005-8005-7393Bien Adrian CodillaCollege of Medicine, West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines.0009-0008-8441-1355Ja-an FernandezCollege of Medicine, West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines.0009-0007-0260-3728Jireh RodriguezCollege of Medicine, West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines.Ezabel Lara LimCollege of Medicine, West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines.0009-0008-4418-6149Stephen SabinayBiotechnology and Biomedical Research Center, West
Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines.0009-0002-1917-3457Jose Nemesio GranadaDepartment of Surgery, West Visayas State University Medical Center, Iloilo City,
Philippines.Journal Article20250501Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Limitations of current treatments include adverse effects and drug resistance, highlighting the need for new chemotherapeutic agents. This study evaluated the cytotoxic activity of crude methanolic extract of the parotid gland secretions of Ingerophrynus philippinicus (PGSE), a toad endemic to the Philippines, against human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT-116) and identified its bioactive compounds. Methods: Crude methanolic extract of parotid gland secretions was prepared and evaluated for antiproliferative activity using the MTT assay. An Annexin V/PI assay was used to assess apoptosis and necrosis. The presence of bufadienolides was determined using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Double Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Results: The extract exhibited cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 4.462 ± 2.141 μg/mL. The Annexin V/PI assay revealed that treated cells predominantly underwent late apoptosis (89.52% ± 2.25%), with smaller proportions of early apoptosis (6.16% ± 2.49%), and necrosis (4.32% ± 0.29%). The UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis identified three bufadienolides (bufalin, bufotalin, and bufotalinin) in the PGSE. Conclusion: PGSE demonstrates potent cytotoxic activity against colorectal cancer cells, primarily through apoptosis, and contains bufadienolides with known antineoplastic activity. These findings support its potential as a source of bioactive compounds for anticancer research. https://journal.waocp.org/article_92355_d0b045b87ad94194d41c682d9c45b12e.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Post-Authorization Safety Study of Papilloguard (A Domestically Manufactured Bivalent (16,18) HPV Vaccine in Iran316131679239310.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3161ENMojgan Karimi ZarchiDepartment of Gynecology oncology, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Mina EbrahimiDepartment of Gynecology oncology, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20250519Background: In recent years, various vaccines, including Papilloguard, have been introduced to prevent transmission of this virus. This vaccine has shown good immunogenicity and efficacy profile in phase III study; however, its safety remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the complications and adverse events associated with the Papilloguard vaccine in the Iranian population. Methods: In this survey study, 1,028 volunteers (690 (67.1%) female and 338 (32.9%) males, mean age 33.8±7.01), who had received the Papilloguard vaccine and whose basic information was recorded in the Papilloguard vaccine registration system by call center team of Arta Pharmed Company (Tehran, Iran) were examined. Cumulative vaccine-related complications were assessed and recorded by Arta Pharmed Company’s call center team 7 days, 1 month, and 6 months after receiving each dose of vaccine during the 6 months following vaccination. Patient evaluations were conducted over the phone. Any complication leading to hospitalization or requiring medical interventions was defined as a serious complication. Result: The cumulative incidence of at least one complication immediately after injection, 7 days, 1 month, and 6 months after injection was reported in 272 (26.5%), 101 (9.8%), 74 (7.2%), and 29 (2.8%) of the participants, respectively. Post-injection pain was the most common complication after vaccination, 227 (22.1%). The cumulative incidence of injection site pain 7 days, 1 month, and 6 months after injection was 8.4%, 5.7%, and 0.7%, respectively. In terms of severity of complications, complications were reported as mild in 253 (24.6%), moderate in 15 (1.5%), and severe in 4 (0.4%) recipients. Only 0.4% of recipients experienced severe complications. Conclusion: In a mid-term follow-up, in the Iranian population, Papilloguard vaccine had few side effects and was well tolerated. Papilloguard vaccine can be included in national vaccination guidelines for the prevention of HPV and its consequences.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92393_492c06b726a84c390ef3f2f9f43f5cc3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Practices and Barriers to Early Mobilization in Intensive Care Unit Post Head and Neck Cancer Surgeries: An Observational Study316931789235410.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3169ENVaishnavi PuranikDepartment of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Father Muller College of Physiotherapy, Mangalore, India.Cherishma DsilvaDepartment of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Father Muller College of Physiotherapy, Mangalore, India.Aishwarya GattyDepartment of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Father Muller College of Physiotherapy, Mangalore, India.0000-0001-8426-2398Rohanchandra GattyDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India.Journal Article20250711Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a growing global health concern, with rising incidence in India. Patients undergoing HNC surgery experience postoperative challenges due to altered airway anatomy and complex reconstruction. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols recommend early mobilization (EM) to improve postoperative outcomes; however, its implementation remains inconsistent. Evidence regarding EM practices in this population is limited. This study aimed to evaluate EM practices and their barriers in post HNC surgery patients in a tertiary care setting. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among adults undergoing HNC surgery. Patients with neurological deficits or preoperative non-ambulatory status were excluded. Mobilization was assessed daily until postoperative day (POD) 5 using the ICU Mobility Scale (IMS). Barriers to EM were documented using a validated checklist and categorized into three domains. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with non-ambulatory status (IMS<5). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 69 patients included, 69.6% patients received in-bed exercises, while 27.5% had not been mobilized on POD 1. On POD 3, 23.1% were ambulated with assistance. More than 75% of the patients were ambulated and shifted to the wards by POD 5. Major functional and clinical barrier domains included nasotracheal intubation (75.4%), respiratory distress (53.6%) and free flap reconstruction (28.9%). The system-provider domain included low prioritization of EM (46.4%) and communication gaps among healthcare professionals (7.26%). This domain was independently associated with non-ambulatory status (aOR 0.402, 95% CI 0.172–0.817, p=0.020). Conclusion: EM practices showed a consistent but gradual improvement over the five postoperative days. Though patient related barriers were common, the overall mobility outcomes were mainly determined by the system-provider domain of barriers. Addressing barriers to EM is crucial for enhancing its practice and ensuring adherence to EM protocols.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92354_bd688a0b563a362d090682dd626c5cca.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Real-time PCR Ct Values of Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) EBNA1 Gene in Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples317931849235610.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3179ENArroyan WardhanaGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas YARSI, Jakarta, Indonesia. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas YARSI,
Jakarta, Indonesia.Kinasih PrayuniGenomic Research Centre, Universitas YARSI, Jakarta, Indonesia.Intan RazariYARSI Research Institute, Universitas
YARSI, Jakarta, Indonesia.Dedy SusenoYARSI Research Institute, Universitas
YARSI, Jakarta, Indonesia.Anggi Puspa Nur HidayatiYARSI Research Institute, Universitas
YARSI, Jakarta, Indonesia.Wening SariFaculty of Medicine, Universitas YARSI,
Jakarta, Indonesia.Adilah UlinnuhaAl-FathaniFaculty of Medicine, Universitas YARSI,
Jakarta, Indonesia.Zuki SaputraDharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta,
Indonesia.Karisma Prameswari PatriaMahatmiDharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta,
Indonesia.Handoko NugrohoYossarsongkoDharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta,
Indonesia.Cita HerawatiDharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta,
Indonesia.000-0002-7890-0709Fahreza SaputraDharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta,
Indonesia.Noorwaty SutandyoDharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta,
Indonesia.0000-0001-8822-8488Lyana SetiawanDharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta,
Indonesia.0000-0002-0363-9868Susanti SusantiPathGen Diagnostik Teknologi, Cibinong, Indonesia.0000-0002-6570-7117Gilang AkbarianiPathGen Diagnostik Teknologi, Cibinong, Indonesia.Neni NurainyBiofarma, Bandung, Indonesia.Ahmad Rusdan HandoyoUtomoGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas YARSI, Jakarta, Indonesia. Genomic Research Centre, Universitas YARSI, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0003-3092-3714Journal Article20250903Objective: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is highly prevalent in Asia; however, no established screening program exists to identify high-risk individuals. This study evaluated the potential utility of real-time PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA detection in nasopharyngeal swabs (NS) as a practical non-invasive screening approach. Methods: Nasopharyngeal cytobrush (CB) and swab (NS) samples were collected from 98 patients with NPC, and NS samples were collected from 174 non-NPC individuals. Real-time PCR targeted the EBNA1 gene, with a Ct cutoff < 35 defined as positive. Beta-globin amplification served as an internal control to verify sample adequacy. Results: In NPC patients, 79% and 81% were EBNA1 positive in CB and NS specimens, respectively. In non-NPC individuals, 10.3% were EBNA1 positive. Median Ct values were 24.4 in NPC patients and 34.4 in non-NPC individuals (p<0.001). Using a Ct cutoff of <35, the diagnostic performance of detecting EBNA1 in NS specimens showed 81% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 90% accuracy. Conclusion: A real-time PCR Ct cutoff of< 35 for EBNA1 detection provides a practical and effective non-invasive screening tool for NPC in endemic populations. Further validation in prospective cohorts is required.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92356_e1761cd162f2fc1c20b639ca1b944d90.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Impact of the Single-Stick Cigarette Ban: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia318531919235710.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3185ENAbdillah AhsanDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia.0000-0002-3543-7574Fitri KurniaRahimDepartment
of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bhakti Husada Indonesia University, Kuningan, West Java, Indonesia.Indah SuciWidyaheningDepartment
of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Primary Health Care Research and
Innovation Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia,
Jakarta, Indonesia.Depi YulyantiStudy Program of Hospital Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bakti Tunas Husada University,
Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia.Witri DewiMentariStudy Program of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sebelas April University,
Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.Yudita InggaHindiartiStudy Program of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Galuh University, Ciamis, West Java,
Indonesia.Humaira AnggieNauliStudy Program of Public Health, Ibn Khaldun University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.Ernoiz AntriyandartiStudy Program of Agribusiness,
Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia.Made Adhyatma Prawira NathaKusumaStudy Program of Occupational Health
and Safety, International University of Bali, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.Maulida GadisUtamiDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia.Yuyu Buono AyuningPertiwiDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia.Ella KurniaDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia.Anisa SalsabilaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health,
Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia.0009-0008-3835-3529Journal Article20250904Objective: This study aimed to investigate public perceptions (knowledge, attitudes, and perceived impact) of the single-stick cigarette sales ban in Indonesia, and to identify sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with these outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 714 respondents in seven selected districts in Indonesia, utilizing the Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception (KAP) framework. Multivariable analyses were performed using binary logistic regression for knowledge and ordered logistic regression for attitude and perception. Robust standard errors were applied, and findings are reported as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Result: Most respondents (66.11%) were unaware of the regulation. Older adults (≥55) had lower knowledge (aOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.28–0.79), and active smokers opposed the ban (aOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.23–0.51). Higher education (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.00–4.63) and urban residence (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.08–2.51) correlated with supportive attitudes. Knowledge (aOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.25–2.87) and supportive attitudes (aOR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.56–5.22) were the strongest predictors of perceiving the ban as effective for public health. Conclusion: The implementation of the single-stick cigarette ban in Indonesia has been ineffective, primarily due to a lack of public awareness of the regulation. Smokers and older adults demonstrate significantly limited knowledge of and acceptance toward the policy. These findings highlight the need for increased public awareness campaigns and targeted interventions to improve knowledge and compliance with the single-stick cigarette sales ban in Indonesia.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92357_fc09a6ef3690dd3b52745db629693fc5.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Integrative Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation of Sesbania grandiflora as a Multi-Targeted Therapeutic Agent Against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)319332019235810.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3193ENReyana BegamRDepartment of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital,Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,Saveetha University, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, India.0009-0005-8581-6141Gheena SukumaranDepartment of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital,Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,Saveetha University, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, India.0000-0003-4448-0491Abilasha RamasubramaniamDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.Journal Article20251008Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a significant health burden with limited therapeutic options and high mortality. Sesbania grandiflora, a medicinal plant rich in phytochemicals, has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties and is emerging as a potential anticancer agent. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the anticancer mechanisms of S. grandiflora against OSCC using an integrated approach, combining network pharmacology, molecular docking, ADME profiling, and in vitro validation. Materials and Methods: Network pharmacology was employed to identify hub genes and pathways associated with S. grandiflora bioactives. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate binding interactions of D-glucuronic acid, a major phytoconstituent, with key cancer-related targets. ADME profiling assessed drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties. in vitro assays, including MTT, flow cytometry, and Western blotting, were conducted on KB oral cancer cells to validate mechanistic insights. Results: Key hub genes identified included AKT1, BCL2, PIK3CA, MTOR, and CASP8, which were enriched in pathways such as the PI3K–Akt, p53, HIF-1, and EGFR-mediated apoptosis pathways. Molecular docking revealed strong and stable interactions of D-glucuronic acid with target proteins, supporting its multi-targeted activity. ADME analysis indicated favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including high GI absorption, BBB permeability, and minimal CYP450 inhibition. Experimental validation demonstrated significant cytotoxicity (IC₅₀: 250–300 µg/mL), dose-dependent G1-phase cell cycle arrest, downregulation of BCL-2, and upregulation of BAX, confirming the induction of apoptosis. Conclusion: S. grandiflora exerts anticancer effects through modulation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR and apoptotic pathways. D-glucuronic acid emerges as a promising bioactive compound, supporting further in vivo studies and clinical exploration for OSCC management.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92358_2e18de639dda3a7b66de2e0f7f641591.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Evaluation of Maintenance Capecitabine Therapy After First-Line Chemotherapy in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer320332129239410.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3203ENMohamed AbouelfetouhShehataDepartment of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.Alshimaa MahmoudAlhanafyDepartment of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.0000-0002-5452-5967Mohamed ElsherbiniHassanDepartment of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.Nahla AtefShaabanDepartment of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.Amira HosnyHegazyDepartment of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.Journal Article20251101Objective: To assess the clinical impact of maintenance capecitabine following first-line modified FOLFIRINOX in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC), focusing on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), quality of life (QoL), and the toxicity profile. Methods: This phase II prospective trial, 60 patients with histologically confirmed stage IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ECOG PS ≤1, normal organ function, and measurable metastatic disease) who were enrolled after completing modified FOLFIRINOX. Participants were randomized into two groups: Arm A received maintenance capecitabine, and Arm B underwent observation only. Results: Baseline patient and disease characteristics were comparable between both groups. The pancreatic head was the predominant tumor site (73.3% in Arm A vs. 86.7% in Arm B). After six months of maintenance therapy, stable disease was reported in 33.3% of Arm A and 0% of Arm B. Toxicity levels were not significantly different. Patients in Arm B demonstrated earlier deterioration in QoL, with median time to decline of 3.2 months compared with 6.9 months in Arm A. Median PFS and OS favored the capecitabine arm (6.13 vs. 3.57 months and 14.20 vs. 10.97 months, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression confirmed treatment arm as the most independent prognostic factor influencing both PFS and OS. Conclusion: Maintenance capecitabine after first-line modified FOLFIRINOX in mPC was well tolerated and may enhance PFS and OS while maintaining an acceptable quality of life.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92394_f3b192bd04662aa949154ce5ee971ff9.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Clinicopathological Correlation of BRCA1 Status in High‑Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma via IHC and NGS321332209236010.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3213ENFathurrahman MuizDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alkhairaat University, Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.0000-0003-2396-5916Rina MasadahDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.0000-0002-1380-4759Berti JNelwanDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.0000-0002-1999-2412Upik A.MiskadDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.0000-0002-1980-395XNi Ketut SungowatiDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.Pathology
Anatomy Laboratory, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi Indonesia.Cahyono KaelanDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.0009-0007-5947-0129Andi Alfian ZainuddinDepartment of
Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.0000-0003-4436-3906Syahrul RaufDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.0000-0002-4137-4354Nugraha UtamaPelupessyDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.0000-0001-7612-2715Amalia YaminDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.Pathology
Anatomy Laboratory, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi Indonesia.0009-0008-5383-3408Amalia MuliaUtamiDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.0000-0002-7399-1867Journal Article20251111Background: High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most aggressive subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer and is frequently associated with BRCA1 dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological correlation of BRCA1 expression and mutation status assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) with the Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) approach. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on thirty-six formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded HGSOC samples. BRCA1 expression was evaluated by IHC using a 10% nuclear staining cutoff. BRCA1 mutation profiling was performed using NGS with a whole-exome sequencing (WES) approach. Clinicopathological variables were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Result: Abnormal BRCA1 expression was observed in 11.1% of cases, while BRCA1 mutations were detected in 27.8%. Most mutations were somatic (70%) and predominantly loss-of-function variants (90%). A significant association was found between abnormal BRCA1 expression and younger age (p = 0.023), whereas no association was observed with other clinicopathological parameters. Conclusion: BRCA1 expression loss in HGSOC is associated with younger patient age. The discordance between IHC and mutation status highlights the complementary role of protein expression and molecular testing. A combined IHC–NGS approach may improve the identification of BRCA1 deficiency and support therapeutic decision-making, particularly in the context of targeted therapy.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92360_ec4469b3fe417c21195d16632d7ed3c8.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901KRAS and BRAF Hotspot Variants Show Lower Prevalence in Bangladeshi Colorectal Cancer Patients322132269235910.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3221ENMuhammad Sibgatullah ZunnunDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.0009-0002-1366-1935Md. Zahin AlamDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.S. M. Mahbubur RashidDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.0000-0002-7761-2297Md. Shihab Al Mashiur RahamanBangladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh.Nahid ParvezDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.Md. Shahadot Hossain SheikhBangladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh.Farida ArjumanNational Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), Dhaka, Bangladesh.Mustak Ibn AyubDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.Journal Article20251112Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with a rising incidence in Bangladesh. This study aims to identify pathogenic KRAS and BRAF mutations contributing to anti-EGFR resistance in CRC patients. Methods: Two sets of primers were used: one was adopted from a published paper, and another was designed using Primer3Plus. They were optimized for specific PCR amplicons of 173 bp and 230 bp from exon 2 of KRAS and exon 15 of BRAF, respectively. Targeted Sanger sequencing was performed to analyze mutations in these amplicons in 46 CRC patient samples. Results: KRAS mutations were detected in 5 samples (10.87%), comprising two G12D, one G12V, and two G13D variants. Notably, no BRAF V600E mutation was identified. These results stand in sharp contrast to global data, where KRAS mutations at these loci occur in approximately 40% of cases and BRAF V600E mutations in about 10%. Such mutations are clinically significant because they confer resistance to anti-EGFR therapy, underscoring the distinct molecular profile observed in this cohort. Conclusion: The lower prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutations indicates the potential effectiveness of anti-EGFR therapies in Bangladeshi CRC patients than other populations.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92359_055d0261c154aabf973e9ae9870e1389.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Plasma miR-141-3p as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Early Breast Cancer and a Functional Regulator with Tumor-Suppressive Effects in Luminal A Breast Cancer Cells322732359236110.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3227ENThuy Thi ChungDuongHuman Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.0000-0003-0795-4133Thanh Thi NgocNguyenHuman Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Department of Physiology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.0000-0002-7611-1968Luan HuuHuynhHuman Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Department of Physiology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.0000-0001-6204-8163Nga ThiNguyenHuman Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.0009-0005-6584-4938Hue ThiNguyenHuman Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Department of Physiology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.0000-0003-2359-2160Journal Article20251118Objective: Breast cancer (BC) remains the most common malignancy in women worldwide, highlighting the need for reliable non-invasive biomarkers for early detection. miR-141-3p, a member of the miR-200 family, has shown context-dependent roles in tumorigenesis, but its diagnostic specificity and clinical relevance in the plasma of patients with BC remain incompletely understood. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the diagnostic potential and functional role of miR-141-3p in BC. Methods: Plasma miR-141-3p levels were quantified in breast cancer patients and healthy controls using RT-qPCR. Diagnostic capacity was evaluated via receiver‑operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Associations between circulating miR-141-3p expression and BC risk were assessed using odds ratios (ORs). In vitro functional assays in MCF‑7 cells (miR‑141‑3p overexpression) examined effects on proliferation, migration, and regulation of target genes. Results: Circulating miR-141-3p was significantly upregulated in BC patients. ROC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.877 (95% CI: 0.782–0.971), demonstrating good diagnostic performance. No statistically significant stage-dependent difference was observed, suggesting that circulating miR-141-3p dysregulation may not simply reflect tumour burden. In vitro, miR‑141‑3p overexpression suppressed MCF‑7 cell proliferation and migration and reduced expression of EMT‑associated markers. Furthermore, strong inverse correlations were observed between miR‑141‑3p levels and its predicted oncogenic targets. Conclusion: Circulating miR‑141‑3p shows promise as a non‑invasive biomarker for BC detection and risk discrimination, although its specificity as a stand-alone marker may be limited. Its in vitro effects on proliferation, migration, and EMT markers indicate potential functional relevance. Further validation in larger cohorts and through in vivo studies is warranted. https://journal.waocp.org/article_92361_c7910dd645e287b934ae749f374672a4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901The First Molecular Profiling of JAK2 Exon 12 and Flanking Intronic Sequences in Indonesia323732439236310.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3237ENFarmaditya Eka PutraMundhofirCenter for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.0000-0003-2959-3076Nani MaharaniCenter for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.0000-0001-5984-6439Raisa TahiraDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.Amelia SyabaniDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.Nydia Rena BenitaSihombingCenter for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.0000-0002-8759-9532Ferdy KurniawanCayamiCenter for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.0000-0001-7284-7487Endang MahatiCenter for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.0000-0002-9101-8753Tri IndahWinarniCenter for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.0000-0001-5450-2813Journal Article20251128Objective: Data on JAK2 Exon 12 mutations in Indonesia are not available. This study aimed to explore the presence of known JAK2 exon 12 coding mutations in V617F-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients in Indonesia and to describe any novel intronic changes downstream of exon 12. Methods: A total of 198 V617F-negative MPN samples were screened using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) for four commonly reported canonical exon 12 mutations. Of these, 57 cases were selected at random or for atypical PCR band patterns and underwent bidirectional Sanger sequencing of a 496-bp fragment covering exon 12 plus ~250 bp of the adjacent region. Variants were cross-referenced with gnomAD v4.1.0. Furthermore, SpliceAI was used to predict splice site gain or loss. Results: No coding mutations were identified in exon 12. However, two intronic variants were detected adjacently downstream: NC_000009.12:g.5070231_5070235delTCTTA in 29 of 57 cases (50.9%), which was not present in the gnomAD database, and NC_000009.12:g.5070319C>T in 1 of 57 cases (1.8%), corresponding to a rare gnomAD entry. The SpliceAI Δ scores remained below 0.2, a high-sensitivity threshold, indicating no predicted impact on canonical splicing. Conclusion: Classic exon 12 coding mutations are apparently absent in Indonesian V617F-negative MPNs. We report a highly frequent downstream intronic deletion not recorded in global databases, as well as a rare single nucleotide variant (SNV) that aligns with gnomAD data. Although in silico tools suggest minimal splice disruption, RNA-level assays are needed to rule out the subtle effects of the variant. Our workflow, which combines allele-specific PCR and targeted sequencing, may be suitable for laboratories facing resource constraints.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92363_642b1f96f8c99c79be9a1b43e34d5052.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Evaluation of PIK3CA, AKT1, and mTOR Genes Polymorphisms in a Sample of Iranian Women with Breast Cancer Compared with Healthy Women324532519236510.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3245ENReza MahdizadehDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.Alireza NakhaeeDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Cellular and
Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.0000-0003-2496-7817Mohsen TaheriGenetics
of Non- Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.Seyed Mehdi HashemiClinical Immunology
Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.0000-0003-4948-9639Gholamreza BahariDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.Children and
Adolescent Health Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.0000-0003-2531-4236Journal Article20251204Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women globally, with Iranian women showing an earlier onset compared to those in Western countries. Genetic variations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway have been implicated in cancer susceptibility, but limited studies exist on the association of these polymorphisms with BC risk in the Iranian population. This study aimed to investigate the associations of specific polymorphisms in the AKT1, PIK3CA, and mTOR genes with BC susceptibility in an Iranian population. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 222 confirmed BC patients and 230 cancer-free controls. Genotyping of AKT1 rs1130214 and rs1130233, PIK3CA rs6443624, and mTOR rs1883965 polymorphisms was performed using PCR-RFLP methods. Statistical analysis was carried out using logistic regression to evaluate the associations between genotypes and BC risk. Results: The AKT1 rs1130214 polymorphism was associated with a significantly reduced BC risk (codominant model: OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.30-0.65, p<0.001; allelic model: OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.38-0.72, p<0.001). Conversely, AKT1 rs1130233, PIK3CA rs6443624, and mTOR rs1883965 polymorphisms were linked to an increased BC risk in various inheritance models. For instance, the mTOR rs1883965 G>A variant showed a significantly higher risk (dominant model: OR=2.75, 95% CI=1.84-4.12, p<0.001). Conclusion: This study indicates that polymorphisms in AKT1, PIK3CA, and mTOR genes are associated with altered BC risk among Iranian women. These findings propose that genetic variants in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could serve as potential biomarkers for BC susceptibility. Further research with larger cohorts and diverse populations is necessary to confirm these associations.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92365_47d7201b3f8e93994c0885745c90f028.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Anticancer and Bactericidal Activity of Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesised by Using Allicin Extract325332639236610.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3253ENSakthivel MuthuDepartment of Dermatology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital (SMCH), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India.0000-0002-7143-4354Priyadharsani VajjiraveluDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital (SMCH), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India.0009-0005-4952-9604Tanish Madhav GiridharanSaveetha Medical College and Hospital (SMCH), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India.Vanaja MahendranDepartment of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital (SMCH), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India.Bharathi VenkatachalamDepartment of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India.Mythileeswari LakshmikanthanDepartment of ENT, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India..0000-0002-5768-4816Shenbhagaraman RamalingamDepartment of ENT, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India.0000-0003-0755-1668Journal Article20251205Objective: The objective of this study is to synthesize manganese ferrite (MnFe₂O₄) nanoparticles (MnF NPs) using allicin extracted from Allium sativum and to assess their bactericidal and anticancer activities. Methods: Allicin from A. sativum was extracted using ethanol and confirmed by UV–visible spectrophotometer (λ max 240 nm). AMnF nanoparticles (Allicin-MnF NPs) synthesized via a co-precipitation route using allicin extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized AMnF NPs were characterized using various instrumental techniques such as UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, FTIR, and SEM. Bactericidal activity was assessed by Agar well diffusion and MBC/MIC determination methods. Anticancer activity was examined against IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells and normal Vero cells using the MTT assay. Results: The synthesized AMnF NPs showed a distinct band in UV–vis absorption at 290 nm and FTIR bands characteristic of spinel ferrite metal–oxygen vibrations (555 cm⁻¹), along with organic functional groups from allicin. SEM analysis revealed agglomerated, near-spherical particles of 20–50 nm. The allicin extract exhibited notable bactericidal activity against Enterobacter sp and Staphylococcus aureus (MBC/MIC≤1.5), while showing bacteriostatic effects against Clostridium sp., Escherichia. coli, and Salmonella sp. The bactericidal behavior of the AMnF NPs depended on their concentration, with the highest action demonstrated against S. aureus and B. subtilis strains (100 µg/mL). Cytotoxic effects of NPs were dependent on concentration with an inhibitory concentration at 54.6 µg/mL, similar to doxorubicin at IC₅₀ 46.33 µg/mL. Toxic effects on normal cells, such as Vero, were noted to be minimal at IC₅₀ of >90 µg/mL. Conclusion: The nanoparticles synthesized with the help of allicin display efficient antibacterial and antitumor effects while being non-toxic to healthy cells.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92366_ad04011ba790bfd3a36bbfb948e32b0b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901In Silico Study of Micheliolide Derivatives as Potential Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Drugs Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor326532729236710.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3265ENSahat HalimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia. Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital – Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0003-1068-3872Aziza HarrisDivision of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital – Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.0009-0009-4530-7157Steffi Cong AndiNataDivision of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital – Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.0009-0008-0503-5874Achmad MudassirMuchlisDivision of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital – Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0001-5196-262X- DarmadiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.0000-0001-5281-168XHerikurniawan HerikurniawanDivision of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital – Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.0009-0006-5030-0716Cleopas MartinRumendeDivision of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital – Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-7305-7337Journal Article20251205Objective: To identify Micheliolide-based derivatives with favorable drug-like properties and inhibitory potential against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using an integrated in silico approach. Methods: Micheliolide derivatives were evaluated for pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles using SwissADME and ADMET-AI, and anticancer-related activity was predicted using PASS Online. Molecular docking was performed with AutoDock Vina using erlotinib as a reference ligand. The top-ranked compounds were further examined through 50 ns molecular dynamics simulations to assess complex stability. Results: All derivatives fulfilled Lipinski’s criteria. Several compounds demonstrated favorable predicted bioavailability and anticancer probability. Docking analysis identified compound 10 as having the strongest binding affinity, followed by compounds 19 and 3, with all three occupying the same EGFR binding pocket as erlotinib. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that compounds 3 and 19 formed more stable complexes, maintaining root-mean-square deviation values of approximately 1–3 Å throughout the trajectory, whereas compound 10 displayed greater fluctuations and reduced stability. Conclusion: Compounds 3 and 19 exhibited the most favorable combination of binding affinity, dynamic stability, and predicted safety profiles, highlighting their potential as lead candidates for further development as EGFR inhibitors in NSCLC.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92367_a06ffd03431c038eac8d5282f5e669ed.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Evaluation of GATA3 and HER-2 Immunohistochemical Expression as Prognostic Markers in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder327332799236810.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3273ENMona SaeedMohammedDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.0000-0002-7743-7222Nehal SelimAbouhashimPathological Sciences Department- MBBS
Program, Fakeeh College for Medical Science, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia.0000-0001-7242-5671Mariem AhmedElfekyDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.0009-0000-9392-0364Journal Article20251211Objective: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder remains a significant clinical challenge due to its high rates of recurrence and progression. Reliable biomarkers to predict tumor behaviour are still needed. GATA3 and HER2 have gained attention in this context, but their combined prognostic value has not been fully established. This study aims to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of GATA3 and HER2 in bladder UC and to examine their association with key pathological parameters and patient outcomes. Methods: One hundred archival UC specimens (2018–2022) were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining for GATA3 and HER2 was performed and scored using a semi-quantitative H-score. Clinicopathological data and 3-year follow-up information were analysed to assess correlations with recurrence, progression, and survival. Results: GATA3 expression was detected in 80% of tumors, while HER2 was positive in 25%. Both markers were significantly associated with low-grade histology and non-muscle-invasive disease. Tumors co-expressing GATA3 and HER2 showed the most favorable outcomes, including lower recurrence and improved 3-year disease-free survival. In multivariate analysis, GATA3 retained independent prognostic significance (HR 0.45, p=0.006). HER2 demonstrated a favorable trend that did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for grade and stage (HR 0.60, p=0.12), suggesting its prognostic signal is partially mediated by tumor differentiation. Conclusion: In multivariate analysis, GATA3 retained independent prognostic significance (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25–0.80, p=0.006), while HER2 did not (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.35–1.03, p=0.12). However, combined GATA3/HER2 positivity identified a luminal subgroup with significantly better outcomes, supporting the utility of this marker panel for prognostic stratification in early-stage bladder UC.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92368_fc3d92357985e6e209c03064e42ea1a6.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Evaluation of S100A4, CA-12, CA-9, Annexin A1/A2, and Galectin-3 in Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications328132879236910.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3281ENRahmi AslanVan Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Van, Türkiye.0000-0002-4563-0386Zübeyir HuyutVan Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of
Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Van, Türkiye.Muhammed FatihKeleşVan Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Van, Türkiye.0000-0001-9996-1693Nedim BedirVan Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Van, Türkiye.0009-0008-2532-6337Recep EryılmazVan Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Van, Türkiye.0000-0002-4506-8784Mehmet Tahir HuyutErzincan Binali Yıldırım University Faculty of Medicine, Department of
Biostatistics, Erzincan, Türkiye.Murat SaygınErzincan Binali Yıldırım University Faculty of Medicine, Department of
Biostatistics, Erzincan, Türkiye.Murat DemirVan Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Van, Türkiye.Kerem TakenVan Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Van, Türkiye.Journal Article20251217Objective: The limited specificity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increases the risk of unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum S100A4, along with CA-9, CA-12, Annexin A1/A2, and Galectin-3, in prostate cancer. Methods: This prospective case–control study, conducted between July 2024 and September 2025, included 80 patients with histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer and 40 age-matched healthy controls. Patients were stratified into low-risk (ISUP grades 1–2) and high-risk (ISUP ≥3) groups. Serum biomarker levels were measured using ELISA. Diagnostic and prognostic performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, with cut-off values determined using the Youden index. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent biomarkers. Results: Serum CA-12 and CA-9 levels were significantly higher in prostate cancer patients than in controls (p = 0.004 and p = 0.032, respectively). Although S100A4 levels were lower in prostate cancer patients compared with controls, they were significantly higher in high-risk patients within the cancer cohort (p = 0.002). Logistic regression identified S100A4 (p = 0.032) and CA-12 (p = 0.004) as independent predictors of prostate cancer diagnosis. ROC analysis demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy for CA-12 (>52.9 ng/mL; AUC = 0.99) and S100A4 (<9.96 ng/mL; AUC = 0.98). For prognostic stratification, S100A4 (>8.27 ng/mL; AUC = 0.97) and CA-12 (>72.8 ng/mL; AUC = 0.91) effectively distinguished high-risk from low-risk disease. Conclusion: S100A4 and CA-12 exhibit strong diagnostic and prognostic performance in prostate cancer. When used alongside PSA, S100A4 and CA-12 may improve risk stratification in patients with suspected prostate cancer and help reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92369_7fe1e30fe3400a462453d14d5ac05848.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901p53 and β-Catenin Expression in Gallbladder Carcinoma: Translational Insights for Pediatric Cancer Biology328932979239510.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3289ENMuniba AlimDepartment of Pediatrics, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India.0000-0001-9136-232XMohd Asif KhanDepartment
of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India.0009-0007-9471-0271Shamila AlimDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Hanuman Prasad
Poddar Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gorakhpur, India.0000-0002-9146-8316Rafey AbdulRahmanDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Uttar Pradesh University of
Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India.0000-0002-1724-8542Journal Article20251227Background: The tumor suppressor p53 and the Wnt pathway effector β-catenin represent two of the most frequently dysregulated molecular components across human malignancies. Although gallbladder cancer (GBC) predominantly affects adults, the pattern and clinicopathological correlates of p53 and β-catenin dysregulation in GBC may illuminate how these pathways behave in different biological contexts, including developmental and pediatric oncological settings, where analogous pathway alterations drive distinct tumor types. Objective: To characterize p53 and β-catenin expression patterns in gallbladder carcinoma by immunohistochemistry, correlate findings with clinicopathological parameters, and discuss in a qualified, hypothesis-generating framework the parallels and divergences between these pathway alterations and those reported in pediatric malignancies. Methods: A cross-sectional study analyzed 61 neoplastic and 49 non-neoplastic gallbladder lesions (2017–2021) using standardized immunohistochemistry for p53 (clone DO-7; Dako/Agilent, 1:100) and β-catenin (clone E247; Abcam, 1:200). Expression patterns were correlated with clinicopathological parameters using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Findings were discussed in the context of published pediatric cancer literature, with explicit acknowledgment of inter-study methodological heterogeneity. Results: p53 overexpression (defined as >20% nuclear positivity) occurred in 78.2% of GBC cases versus 11.1% of benign lesions, correlating significantly with tumor grade and stage (p<0.05). Aberrant β-catenin expression (cytoplasmic/nuclear) was observed in 81.8% of malignant cases, with nuclear localization in 36.3%, correlating with poor differentiation. These patterns qualitatively parallel though are not directly quantitatively comparable to those reported in pediatric hepatoblastoma, Wilms’ tumor, and pediatric sarcomas. Conclusion: p53 and β-catenin dysregulation in GBC exhibits qualitative parallels to patterns reported in pediatric cancers, suggesting shared oncogenic pathway biology. These observations are hypothesis-generating and warrant validation through functional studies in appropriate preclinical models before therapeutic implications can be drawn.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92395_88e058167e15d5444f129240001de18f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Nurses’ Experiences of Grief Care for Terminally Ill Cancer Patients and Their Families: A Qualitative Study329933059237210.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3299ENAhmad MahmoudSalehCollege of Nursing, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20251228Background: Grief care is a vital yet emotionally demanding component of end-of-life nursing for patients with terminal cancer, with significant implications for family and community well-being. In Jordanian private hospitals, cultural sensitivities surrounding death and limited formal grief-care education may challenge nurses’ ability to support patients and families effectively, with implications for sustainable healthcare practice. Purpose: This study explored nurses’ experiences of grief care work with dying patients and their families from a community health nursing perspective in a Jordanian private hospital and considered its relevance to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured, in-depth interviews was conducted. Twelve nurses with experience caring for terminally ill cancer patients in a Jordanian private hospital participated. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Results: Twelve nurses participated in the study. Five themes emerged across the periods before, during, and after patient death: (1) hardships and efforts of patients and families in facing death; (2) family reactions during the dying process; (3) providing compassionate nursing care; (4) nurses’ experiences in grief care; and (5) nurses’ personal and professional transformation. Ten subthemes captured key aspects of these experiences, including patient suffering, family support, stress and acceptance, emotional expression, practical care, nurses’ concerns for the bereaved, feelings of helplessness, challenges in grief care, needs for future support, and professional growth. Nurses reported experiencing emotional burden, communication challenges, and moral distress, yet demonstrated resilience, empathy, and development of both personal and professional coping strategies. Conclusion: Cultural barriers and limited grief-care training hinder effective end-of-life support. Integrating structured grief-care education, reflective practice, and psychological support into nursing education and hospital systems and community-oriented care models can enhance care quality and promote nurses’ well-being, contributing to SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), SDG 4 (Quality Education), and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth).https://journal.waocp.org/article_92372_84237ab7ab1a791dabae0dd21a3cda5f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Global Trends and Disparities in Cervical Cancer Control in Central Asia (1990–2023): A Comparative Age-Period-Cohort and Joinpoint Regression Analysis330733139237010.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3307ENDinara Serikova-EsengeldinaDepartment of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan.Balday IssenovaDepartment of Nursing, Kazakh National Medical
University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan.Zukhra SiyazbekovaDepartment of Personnel Management, Semey Medical University,
Semey, Kazakhstan.Umutzhan SamarovaDepartment of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan.Saule RakhyzhanovaDepartment of Physiological Disciplines named after Honored Scientist of the Republic of Kazakhstan T.A.
Nazarova, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan.Kamila AkhmetovaDepartment of Public Health and Management, Astana Medical
University, Astana, Kazakhstan.Assiya YessenbayevaDepartment of Nursing, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan.Zaituna KhismetovaDepartment of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan.Aliya AtabayevaDepartment of Public Health, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan.Journal Article20251228Background: Cervical cancer is a significant public health challenge that remains a leading cause of premature death among women in Central Asia, serving as a marker of health inequality. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, healthcare strategies diverged, creating disparate outcomes for women across the region. This study evaluates the long-term trends in cervical cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, distinguishing between the life-saving potential of organized screening and the limitations of opportunistic approaches. Methods: We conducted a comparative ecological study using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2023 dataset (1990–2023). We analyzed trends in Age-Standardized Rates (ASR) and the absolute human burden of disease. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC). An Age-Period-Cohort (APC) model (intrinsic estimator) was employed to isolate “period effects” attributable to screening interventions from demographic and cohort factors. Ovarian cancer served as a descriptive comparative reference to contrast trends with another gynecological malignancy that lacks an organized population-based screening programme in the region. Results: Kazakhstan demonstrated a robust decline in mortality (ASR AAPC: -2.5%; 95% CI: -2.8 to -2.2), associated with a strong period effect following the scale-up of its organized national screening programme. In contrast, neighboring countries exhibited slower declines and face a critical demographic divergence (the ‘scissors effect’): while statistical rates have stabilized, the absolute number of lives lost has nearly doubled since 1990 due to population growth. Furthermore, the disease affects women in the region at a younger age than the global average, amplifying the socioeconomic loss. Conclusion: A widening gap in cancer control exists within Central Asia. Kazakhstan’s experience indicates organized screening reduces mortality. To ensure regional health equity, neighboring countries must urgently transition to organized national programmes. This may be accelerated by adopting, technology-driven solutions like Artificial Intelligence (AI) to bridge resource gaps in underserved communities.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92370_1cc6f9c0118e161efb3ff3d445d32b6c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Regional Differences in Cancer Research Trends in East and Southeast Asia Based on Analyses of the PubMed Registry331533249237110.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3315ENSongYi HanEast Asian Studies, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.Tae-Min KimDepartment of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The
Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea,
Seoul, Korea.0000-0002-7993-9701Journal Article20251230Objective: Cancer represents a major and growing public health burden across Asia, yet cancer research capacity, priorities, and methodologies vary substantially between East Asia (EA) and Southeast Asia (SEA). How scientific activity has evolved across these regions over time remains incompletely characterized. Methods: We conducted a large-scale bibliometric and text-mining analysis of PubMed-indexed cancer-related publications from 2000 to 2025, covering 18 countries and territories in EA and SEA. Publication metadata, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), author affiliations, and country information were systematically extracted and harmonized. Temporal publication trends were assessed using raw counts and GDP-normalized metrics. Tumor-type emphasis and methodological focus were examined using MeSH-based analyses. Latent research themes were identified using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). International collaboration patterns were reconstructed through country-level co-affiliation networks across three time periods. Results: Cancer research output increased markedly across both regions, with EA accounting for substantially higher absolute publication volumes, driven primarily by China, Japan, and Korea. After normalization by GDP, several smaller but research-intensive systems—including Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Vietnam demonstrated high productivity relative to economic scale. Tumor-type analyses revealed strong alignment between research focus and regional cancer epidemiology, including liver and cholangiocarcinoma in SEA and gastric and lung cancer in EA. Methodological comparisons showed a clear regional divergence: EA research emphasized molecular, mechanistic, and translational approaches, whereas SEA research was enriched for cohort-based, epidemiologic, and public–health-oriented studies. Topic modeling and collaboration networks further highlighted complementary regional strengths and increasing global integration over time. Conclusions: Cancer research in EA and SEA has expanded and diversified over the past 25 years, reflecting regional differences in disease burden, infrastructure, and policy priorities. Our findings underscore the importance of targeted public health strategies, sustained investment in regionally relevant cancer research capacity, and strengthened international collaboration frameworks to promote more equitable and effective cancer control across Asia.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92371_6872e75ea79458fb3e0fe90de7e976d1.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Expression of miR-214 in Pediatric Acute Leukemia: Correlations with Leukemia Subtypes, Familial Predisposition, and Hepatitis B Virus Infection332533329239610.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3325ENMaysaa NIbrahimDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Al-Iraqi University, Baghdad, Iraq.0000-0001-9573-6894Ruqaia SabbarSalmanDepartment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Iraqi University, Baghdad, Iraq.0009-0005-4088-8416Anfal M.KhudhairDepartment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Iraqi University, Baghdad, Iraq.0000-0001-9460-8065Dunya JawadRidhaDijlah Unversity Collage, Iraq.0000-0002-9754-7461Rasha TariqJawadCentral Child Teaching Hospital, Baghdad,
Iraq.0000-0001-9460-8065Muhammed MunimRadwanMedical Student, Al-Nahrain College of Medicine, Iraq.0000-0001-9460-8065Aya AliMohammedMedical student, Al-Iraqia College of Medicine, Iraq.0009-0009-2352-2729Jaafar Alsadiq ArkanFarhan AliMedical student, Al-Iraqia College of Medicine, Iraq.0009-0009-8582-7122Hayder RafidAbduljalilMedical student, Al-Iraqia College of Medicine, Iraq.0009-0008-3079-2906Journal Article20260104Background: miR-214 dysregulation has been implicated in various cancers, yet its role in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is not fully understood. This study evaluated miR-214 expression in newly diagnosed pediatric ALL patients and explored associations with leukemia subtypes, family history, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods: Bone marrow aspirates were collected from 44 pediatric ALL patients (26 B-ALL, 18 T-ALL) and five non-leukemic controls. qRT-PCR quantified miR-214 expression. Clinical data included HBV status and family history of hematologic malignancy. Relative expression levels were analyzed using 2−ΔΔCt and log₁₀ transformed for statistical analyses, including correlation and logistic regression models with interaction terms. Aim of the Study: The present study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the expression pattern of miR-214 in newly diagnosed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients compared with non-leukemic controls. In addition, the study sought to investigate whether miR-214 expression differs according to immunophenotypic subtype (B-ALL versus T-ALL) and to explore its potential associations with clinical and host-related factors, specifically family history of hematologic malignancy and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection status. Furthermore, this study aimed to assess whether these variables exert interaction effects that may reflect context-dependent regulation of miR-214 in pediatric leukemogenesis. Results: miR-214 expression was generally downregulated in ALL compared to controls, though differences were not statistically significant. B-ALL patients showed lower median expression than T-ALL, with the lowest levels observed in those with a positive family history. T-ALL patients exhibited broader expression variability, including marked upregulation in some cases. Exploratory regression models suggested differential effects of miR-214 based on HBV status and family history, but interaction terms did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Conclusions: miR-214 expression in pediatric ALL appears to vary according to leukemia subtype and selected clinical factors, including family history and HBV infection. However, no statistically significant interaction effects were observed. These findings should be considered preliminary and warrant validation in larger, adequately powered cohorts to clarify the potential clinical relevance of miR-214 in leukemogenesis.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92396_caa9c95f4dd5e88244a106013ba2a5ed.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Genomic Resistome of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infections in Iraqi Cancer Patients333333409237310.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3333ENWatheq Mohammed AL-JewariDepartment of Pharmacology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia.Bassam Abdul Rasool HassanFaculty of Pharmacy, Al Rafidain University, 10001, Baghdad, Iraq.Ali Haider MohammedSchool of Pharmacy, Monash University
Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.Abu Bakar Abdul MajeedDepartment of Pharmacology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia.Muhamad Faiz OthmanDepartment of Pharmacy Practice
and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.Ahmed Zuhair Abdulhameed AlsammarraieMedical Oncology Department, Oncology Teaching Hospital Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.0000-0002-7419-961XMohammed Kamil Al QayyimDepartment of Haematology, Medical City Complex, Haematology and Transplant Centre, Baghdad, Iraq.Musaab Kadhim AlabboodiMedical Oncology Department, Alamal National Hospital for Cancer Treatment, Baghdad, Iraq.Journal Article20260105Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of bloodstream infection (BSI) in cancer patients, particularly those with haematological malignancies, where delayed or inappropriate therapy is associated with high mortality. Genomic data on resistance mechanisms in oncology settings in Iraq remain limited. This study aimed to characterise, using whole-genome sequencing, the antibiotic resistance determinants of MDR K. pneumoniae bloodstream isolates from cancer patients and to explore their potential implications for empirical treatment strategies in this high-risk population. Methods: This genomic substudy was nested within a prospective multi-centre cohort of cancer patients with bloodstream infection at oncology hospitals in Baghdad. Adult patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumours with monomicrobial MDR K. pneumoniae infection were included. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK 2 system and interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards. MDR was defined as non-susceptibility to at least three antibiotic classes. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using an Illumina platform. Resistance genes were identified using curated databases and grouped into β-lactamase/carbapenemase, non-β-lactam, and efflux/regulatory categories. Clinical data (age, sex, and malignancy type) were extracted from medical records. Results: Thirty-five MDR K. pneumoniae bloodstream isolates were analysed, with most infections occurring in patients with haematological malignancies (30/35, 85.7%). Detected resistance genes included CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (including CTX-M-15), SHV and TEM enzymes, and OXA-48-like carbapenemases (OXA-48 and OXA-232). Non-β-lactam resistance determinants (aadA, EreA, Mph(A), Mrx, sul1, sulI) and efflux-related genes were also identified. Conclusions: MDR K. pneumoniae bloodstream infections in this cohort were predominantly observed in patients with haematological malignancies. Whole-genome sequencing identified multiple resistance determinants. These findings provide genomic insights that may help explain resistance patterns in this setting and support the need for strengthened infection prevention and locally tailored antimicrobial stewardship strategies.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92373_224f545acc124d16fe632c60118443ee.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Relative Survival Rates of Pediatric Patients with Solid Tumours in Khon Kaen, Thailand334133489237810.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3341ENSurachai PhimhaDepartment of Public Health Administration, Health Promotion, and Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University,
Thailand.0000-0003-2248-546XPrapassara SirikarnDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.0000-0001-5887-6716Chanaporn PinsuwanFaculty of
Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.Chalongpon SantongKhon Kaen Cancer Registry, Cancer Unit, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine,
Khon Kaen University, Thailand.0000-0003-2958-7688Su-on ChainansamitDepartment of Pediatrics, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.0000-0003-4983-5626Patcharee KomvilaisakDivision of Hematology-
Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.0000-0002-4118-8957Kunanya SuwannayingDivision of Hematology-
Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.0000-0002-7517-1416Journal Article20260112Background: Pediatric solid tumours constitute a subgroup of childhood cancers that continue to pose a significant global health challenge due to limitations in diagnostic techniques and treatment options. This study aimed to explore the relative survival rates of patients with childhood cancer over two decades using population-based data from a cancer registry. Methods: This population-based study included pediatric patients with cancer in Khon Kaen, Thailand, and focused on children under 15 years of age who were diagnosed with solid tumours from January 1st, 2000, through December 31st, 2019. A total of 371 childhood solid tumours were diagnosed in Khon Kaen during the study period, with follow-up through 2021. Survival analysis was conducted via relative survival rate (RSR) estimates. Results: The most common solid tumours were CNS and miscellaneous intracranial and intraspinal neoplasms (27.7%). The overall 5-year RSR for pediatric patients with solid tumours was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.52–0.62). Compared with male patients, female patients had higher 5-year RSRs (0.62, 95% CI: 0.53–0.68 versus 0.53, 95% CI: 0.46–0.60). Survival improved over time, with patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 having better 5-year RSRs than those diagnosed from 2000 to 2009 did (0.59, 95% CI: 0.52–0.66 and 0.55, 95% CI: 0.47–0.62, respectively). Conclusions: In conclusion, better outcomes were observed among females, patients living closer to health care facilities and those diagnosed in the more recent decade (2010–2019). https://journal.waocp.org/article_92378_2b498564ab777ceb60c7e4d9490500e5.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901High Prevalence of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Expression in Thai Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Prognostic Implications334933549237710.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3349ENTeerapat UngtrakulPrincess Srisavangavadhana Faculty of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand. Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.Chitiarpa AmatawetChulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.Thaniya SricharunratPrincess Srisavangavadhana Faculty of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand. Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.Journal Article20260112Objective: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is highly prevalent in Thailand and remains associated with poor outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system may be involved in CCA pathogenesis and prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) expression and its association with clinicopathological features and survival outcomes in Thai patients with CCA. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with histologically confirmed CCA treated at a tertiary cancer center in Thailand between January 2014 and December 2018. CB1 expression in tumor tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitatively scored according to staining intensity and extent. Results: Tumor specimens from 51 patients (median age 59 years; 41% female) were analyzed. Most patients had intrahepatic CCA (80%), and 47% presented with advanced-stage disease (stages III–IV). High CB1 expression was observed in 46 of 51 cases (90%). Patients with high CB1 expression more frequently had advanced-stage disease. During a median follow-up of 27.8 months, 34 patients died. The median overall survival (OS) was 18.5 months (95% CI, 6.1–36.5). There was no statistically significant difference in OS between patients with high and low CB1 expression (median OS 18.5 vs. 23.0 months, respectively; p = 0.68). Conclusion: High CB1 expression is highly prevalent in Thai patients with CCA. While no significant associations with clinicopathological features or survival were found in this small cohort, the widespread overexpression of CB1 supports its potential biological and therapeutic relevance in CCA and warrants further investigation in larger studies.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92377_2b77ce1d599b59657ae4c6ea2a14eb73.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Open, Laparoscopic, Retropubic, or Robotic? A Network Meta-Analysis of Post-Prostatectomy Oncologic Outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life in Localized Prostate Cancer Patients335533639237910.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3355ENRevina MaharaniFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.0009-0007-4123-980XManarul Iman AlfafaRachmanFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.0009-0005-0056-7642Putra MahakaryaDewaFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.0009-0009-0542-5941Michelle GunawanFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.0009-0001-4598-6817Kartika TaufaniSukarnoFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.0009-0005-3220-6585Besut DaryantoUrology Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas
Brawijaya, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.0000-0002-0776-1633Journal Article20260114Objective: Prostatectomy remains a standard surgical treatment for localized prostate cancer, a malignancy with substantial global incidence and clinical impact in men. Its rapid adoption of surgical modalities has outpaced supporting evidence, resulting in limited consensus in reporting HRQoL and oncologic outcomes. This paper aims to compare the oncologic and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) outcomes of open (ORP), retropubic (RRP), laparoscopic (LRP), and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in patients with localized prostate cancer. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and grey literature for randomised controlled trials and comparative studies was performed from database inception to November 2025. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I. A network meta-analysis evaluated oncological outcomes that consist of Biochemical Recurrence (BCR) and Positive Surgical Margins (PSM), and HRQoL metrics including urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Ranking probabilities were estimated using Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) values. Result: Thirty-three studies that met the inclusion criteria were included involving 69986 patients. Overall risk of bias for both randomized and observational studies was low. RARP ranked highest for oncologic outcomes, demonstrating the greatest likelihood of minimizing BCR (SUCRA 84.2%; 14 trials, 17,932 patients) and PSM (SUCRA 93%; 29 trials, 38,509 patients). For HRQoL, non-robotic techniques were favored across specific domains: ORP showed a 76% probability of fewer urinary incontinence events; LRP demonstrated an 87% likelihood of requiring fewer pad changes; and RRP demonstrated a 95% probability of being the best-tolerated technique regarding postoperative erectile dysfunction. Conclusion: RARP appears as the most favourable oncological outcome, whereas non-robotic approaches showed advantages in HRQoL domains. Future randomized trials are needed to prove the superiority of the techniques. https://journal.waocp.org/article_92379_fba6c061e6a71612e090b76e90d286f1.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions toward HPV Vaccination Among Undergraduate Students Studying in Sarawak, Malaysia336533759237510.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3365ENMelissa Siaw HanLimFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.0000-0003-0974-0905Shirley Siang NingTanClinical Research Centre,
Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Department
of Pharmacy, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.Mohamad AdamBujangClinical Research Centre,
Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.Jordan Ferguson AnakShandraFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.Nurain Nazwa BintiNor AzmanFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.Siti Naura Insyirah BintiMohd RazaliFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.Mee Fong TanFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.Izzati BintiWan MaharuddinDepartment of Radiotherapy, Oncology and Palliative
Care, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.Adam Malik BinIsmailDepartment of Pathology, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry
of Health, Malaysia.Rahmah BintiRashidFamily Health Development Division, Department of Public Health, Sarawak State Health Department,
Ministry of Health, Malaysia.Xun Ting TiongClinical Research Centre,
Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.Pei Jye VoonFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology and Palliative
Care, Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.Journal Article20260115Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and is mainly caused by persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Despite Malaysia’s national HPV vaccination program, gaps in knowledge, misconceptions, and suboptimal vaccine uptake persist even among university students. Objective: This study aimed to assess HPV-related knowledge, attitudes and perceptions toward HPV vaccination among undergraduate students studying in Sarawak, and to identify sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge levels. Results: A total of 382 undergraduate students participated, of whom 55% were unvaccinated against HPV. Overall, HPV knowledge was moderate, with students from health faculties demonstrating higher HPV knowledge compared with those from non-health faculties ([aOR] = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.5; p = 0.016); Indian participants had significantly higher odds of high HPV-related knowledge compared with Malay participants (adjOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.0–7.0; p = 0.043). Vaccinated students have significantly higher HPV-related knowledge compared with unvaccinated students (adjOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-3.0; p=0.007). Attitudes toward HPV vaccination were generally positive, although concerns regarding cost, safety, and social stigma remained. Conclusion: Undergraduate students demonstrated moderate knowledge and positive attitudes toward HPV vaccination; however, notable knowledge gaps and misconceptions persist, particularly among non-health students and those who were unvaccinated. Targeted educational strategies and improved access to reliable information are essential to strengthen HPV prevention efforts.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92375_dc4987c30f296c28671add1ee46080ad.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Impact of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Gut Microbial Diversity on Chemotherapy Response and Survival in Cancer Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study337733839237610.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3377ENSobia NadeemDental Office, Dr Iqbal Dental Office, 160-33 Highland Ave Jamaica NY, 11432, United States.Rajib MaitraDepartment of Medicine, Kushtia Medical College Hospital, Kushtia-7000, Bangladesh.- FarahDepartment of Internal Medicine, Alraee Trust Hospital, Gujranwala, Pakistan.Shovit DuttaDepartment of Pediatrics, BGC Trust Medical College Hospital & Chittagong City Corporation Memon Maternity Hospital, 55 Strand Road, Chattogram 4000, Bangladesh.Khaizran SiddiquiCenter for Molecular Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Sindh, Pakistan.Rabia ZulfiqarKing Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.0000-0003-3897-2625Mamtaz MariamAshaDepartment of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Savar, Dhaka-1340, Bangladesh.Salah TermosDepartment
of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center: AUBMC, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon.Journal Article20260125Background and Aims: Chronic comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and gut microbial factors may influence chemotherapy response and survival in cancer patients. This study quantitatively evaluated their combined impact. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of diabetes, hypertension, and gut microbial diversity on chemotherapy response and survival in cancer patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study enrolled 250 adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at a tertiary care center in Bangladesh. Clinical, metabolic, and microbiome data were collected at baseline and during treatment. Chemotherapy response was assessed by RECIST 1.1 criteria, while progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were recorded. Gut microbial diversity was measured using 16S rRNA sequencing. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, t-tests, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and multivariable Cox regression. Results: Among participants, 32.8% had diabetes and 38.4% had hypertension. Objective response rates (CR+PR) were lower in patients with diabetes (41.5%) and hypertension (45.8%) compared with non-diabetic (57.1%) and normotensive (55.8%) patients (p < 0.05). Responders exhibited significantly lower HbA1c, fasting glucose, and systolic blood pressure than non-responders (p < 0.01). Higher gut microbial alpha diversity was observed in responders (Shannon index 4.1 ± 0.6) versus non-responders (3.4 ± 0.7; p < 0.001). Median PFS and OS were shorter in patients with diabetes (8.6 and 18.4 months) and hypertension (9.1 and 20.2 months) compared with those without comorbidities (12.9 and 26.7 months; 13.4 and 27.9 months, respectively). Multivariable analysis confirmed diabetes (aHR 1.58), hypertension (aHR 1.41), low microbial diversity (aHR 1.76), and advanced tumor stage (aHR 2.34) as independent predictors of worse survival (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Diabetes, hypertension, and reduced gut microbial diversity are associated with poorer chemotherapy response and survival outcomes. Integrated management of metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, alongside microbiome-informed interventions, may enhance treatment efficacy and patient survival.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92376_f122c671a98cc88f1bc3a2f7ed6f1cb5.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Effect of a PEN-3 Model-Based Motivational Training Programme on Breast Cancer Screening Behaviours Among Female School Teachers338533929238010.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3385ENBekhal SaberAhmedDepartment of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Salih AhmedAbdullaDepartment of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Tishk International University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Journal Article20260125Background: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women globally, with limited organized screening programs in low- and middle-income countries such as Iraq. Culturally appropriate educational interventions are needed to improve screening behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a PEN-3 model–based motivational training program on breast cancer screening behaviors among female school teachers in Erbil city, Iraq. Methods: A cluster quasi-experimental controlled study was conducted among 136 female teachers from 18 public girls’ high schools. Schools were allocated at the cluster level to either an intervention group (n = 68) or a control group (n = 68). The intervention group received four structured motivational training sessions based on the PEN-3 model, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected at baseline and two months post-intervention using a researcher-developed questionnaire based on the PEN-3 model, for which content validity and reliability were assessed in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests, including the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann–Whitney U test, and chi-square test. Result: At two months post-intervention, the intervention group showed significant improvements in median scores of perception, enablers, and nurturers compared with the control group (all p < 0.001), with large effect sizes. The proportion of participants performing breast self-examination increased from 8.8% at baseline to 100% post-intervention in the intervention group, compared to 0% in the control group (p < 0.001). Similarly, clinical breast examination (69.1% vs. 0%) and mammography uptake (39.7% vs. 0%) were significantly higher in the intervention group. Conclusion: The PEN-3 model–based motivational training programme appears effective in improving breast cancer screening behaviors among female school teachers in the short term. Culturally tailored educational interventions may play an important role in promoting early detection practices in similar settings. https://journal.waocp.org/article_92380_d4a506e338ca20f0ea5c8d0cab471ea0.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Prostate Cancer Epidemiology In A Central Asian Region After Discontinuation Of Screening: Population-Based Data From Abay, Kazakhstan (2020-2024)339333989239710.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3393ENLaura ZeinelovaHead of the Department for Organizational and Methodological Work, Center for Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Semey,
Republic of Kazakhstan.0009-0005-9979-4035Bayan AtantayevaHead of the Center for Radionuclide Diagnostics and Therapy, Center of Nuclear Medicine and
Oncology, Semey, Republic of Kazakhsta.0009-0003-0004-8354Bakytbek ApsalikovHead of the Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine named after D. R.
Mussinov, Semey Medical University, Republic of Kazakhsta.0000-0001-6983-9224Tolegen KurmangaliyevHead of the Department of Mammology and Gynecology, Center of
Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Semey, Republic of Kazakhstan.0000-0003-2464-7581Mergyl KaripovaCenter of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Semey, Republic of Kazakhsta.0009-0007-4759-0721Erkezhan AshimovaCenter of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Semey, Republic of Kazakhsta.0009-0005-8358-3911Sayat TanatarovCenter of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Semey, Republic of Kazakhsta.0000-0001-8958-8768Journal Article20260127Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies among men worldwide, with marked regional variability in incidence, mortality, and stage at diagnosis. Data from Central Asia remain limited, particularly in regions without organized prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening programs. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of prostate cancer in the Abay region of Kazakhstan during the post-screening period. Methods: A retrospective population-based descriptive study was conducted using official cancer registry data from the Abay region. All newly diagnosed prostate cancer cases (ICD-10 code C61) registered between 2020 and 2024 were included. Incidence, mortality, stage distribution at diagnosis, one-year lethality, prevalence, and the proportion of patients under ≥5-year follow-up in the cancer registry were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Year-to-year relative changes were used to describe temporal patterns in incidence and mortality. Results: A total of 260 new prostate cancer cases were registered during the study period. The incidence rate increased from 7.2 per 100,000 male population in 2020 to 9.2 per 100,000 in 2024, with a peak observed in 2023. In contrast, mortality declined steadily overall from 5.7 to 2.8 per 100,000 over the same period. Stage II disease predominated; however, advanced-stage cancer remained common. The proportion of stage IV disease ranged from 25.8% to 37.5%, indicating persistent late diagnosis. The proportion of patients registered in the cancer registry for ≥5 years increased from 42.1% to 56.4%, and prevalence rose from 55.4 to 63.6 per 100,000, reflecting the accumulation of patients under long-term observation. Conclusions: Despite increasing incidence, prostate cancer mortality in the Abay region declined during 2020-2024. However, the persistently high proportion of advanced-stage disease indicates substantial challenges in early detection in the absence of organized screening. These findings describe the current epidemiological profile of prostate cancer in a Central Asian region operating under opportunistic diagnostic practices.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92397_96f5edccb208fe55db5b1949366f58d4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Optimizing Antimicrobial Treatment to Cryopreserve and Establish Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In-Vitro Models Derived from Habitual Tobacco Chewers339934109238110.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3399ENSowmya SVFaculty of Dental Sciences, M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.Varsha Vinay KumarSchool of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.Aditya SreejitSchool of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.Dominic AugustineFaculty of Dental Sciences, M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.Aastha LalFaculty of Dental Sciences, M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.Kavitha PrasadFaculty of Dental Sciences, M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.Kavina GanapathySchool of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.0000-0002-2005-4714Journal Article20260128Objectives: Cryopreservation and establishment of reliable in vitro models of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are frequently compromised by microbial contamination arising from the oral microbiota of habitual tobacco users. This study aimed to optimize an antimicrobial strategy prior to biobanking to eliminate resistant microbial contaminants and improve the reliability of OSCC primary cultures. Methods: OSCC tissues obtained from habitual tobacco chewers were subjected to either conventional penicillin–streptomycin (Pen-Strep) treatment or a stepwise antimicrobial treatment before cryopreservation. The optimized protocol employed a combination of cell culture-grade antibiotics to selectively eliminate Pen-Strep-resistant microbial taxa. Post-thaw tissue viability and epithelial outgrowth were assessed. Microbial profiling of conventionally treated tissues was performed using 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out to determine resistance profiles. Results: Conventional Pen-Strep treatment alone was insufficient to eliminate microbial contamination, whereas the stepwise antimicrobial treatment effectively eradicated resistant microorganisms, enabling sterile tissue preservation. Post-thaw assessments demonstrated epithelial-like outgrowth from day 3 onward, confirming preserved tissue viability and integrity. Microbial profiling identified contaminants including Neisseria elongata, Streptococcus gallolyticus, and Candida albicans. Antibiotic susceptibility testing highlighted the necessity of tailored combinatorial antimicrobial strategies to overcome resistance. Conclusion: The refined biobanking protocol integrating a stepwise antimicrobial strategy prior to cryopreservation effectively mitigates microbial contamination while preserving OSCC tissue integrity. This approach enhances the reliability of OSCC primary cultures derived from tobacco chewers and provides a robust platform for translational oncology research and personalized medicine.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92381_4decd8cf15f1dd7d37f8ab785e09bfa9.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901α-Chaconine as a Potential Inhibitor of Mutant Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Alpha in Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Insights from Structure Prediction and Molecular Dynamics341134199238210.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3411ENBakti WahyuSaputraMaster in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Navista Sri OctaUjiantariLaboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0001-6398-704XBadra SandityaRattyanandaResearch Centre for Computation, Research Organization for Electronics and Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Tamansari 71, Bandung City, 40132, Indonesia. Doctoral Program of Computational Science, Division of Mathematical & Physical Sciences, Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.Ratna SuryaAlwiResearch Centre for Computing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia.Agustina SetiawatiFaculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55282, Indonesia.Adam HermawanLaboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.0000-0001-5851-3691Journal Article20260131Introduction: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) promote chemoresistance and metastasis by activating aberrant signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt). α-Chaconine (CHA) is a steroidal glycoalkaloid that has demonstrated cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity in various cancer models, possibly through modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. However, its direct interaction with PI3Kα and related alterations has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to assess CHA as a potential BCSC-targeting agent, particularly as a PI3K inhibitor targeting both wild-type and mutant PI3Kα, using an in silico approach. Methods: Mutation data were retrieved from cBioPortal and analyzed using MutPred2. SWISS-MODEL was used to generate homology models of the wild-type and mutant PI3Kα structures. Structural validation was performed using PROCHECK and ERRAT. Molecular docking was employed to evaluate the binding affinity of the PI3Kα-CHA complex. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess the stability of the interaction between CHA and PI3Kα. Results: Three PIK3CA mutations were identified as pathogenic: E542K, E545K, and H1047R. Molecular docking revealed a strong binding affinity of alpelisib to both wild-type and mutant (E542K, E545K, and H1047R) forms of p110 α. CHA exhibited the lowest binding energy with the H1047R mutant, with a docking score of −9.93 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated stable interactions of alpelisib with wild-type, E542K, and E545K mutants, whereas CHA showed stable interaction only with the H1047R mutant. MM-PBSA calculations confirmed the lowest binding free energies for alpelisib-wild-type p110α and CHA-H1047R complexes, with values of −29.21 kcal/mol and −25.88 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: These findings provide a basis for further in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate CHA as a selective PI3K inhibitor targeting the H1047R PIK3CA mutation in breast cancer stem cells. https://journal.waocp.org/article_92382_aa69628fb01d9f0b8ed5195c544a4fea.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Combined Circulating miR-17-5p and Heat Shock Proteins as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer Progression342134299238310.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3421ENHamdi M.Abo-AlazmDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt.Mohamed Y.NasrDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt.Khalid BassiounyDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt.Ahmed K.ZakiClinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.Noha RashadClinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.Ahmed M. TablDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt.Hany KhalilDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt.Center for Converging Sciences and Emerging Technologies (CoSET), Benha National University (BNU), El-Obour City, P.O. 13518, Egypt.Journal Article20260131Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge, and early diagnosis is essential for improving patient survival and treatment outcomes. Currently used serum biomarkers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), suffer from limited sensitivity and specificity, particularly in early-stage disease, which restricts their clinical utility. Therefore, identifying more reliable biomarkers for CRC detection and monitoring is urgently needed. This study investigated the diagnostic value of microRNA-17-5p (miR-17-5p) and selected heat shock proteins (HSPs) as potential non-invasive biomarkers for CRC. Methods: The study included patients with confirmed CRC, individuals with benign colorectal diseases, and healthy control subjects. Plasma levels of miR-17-5p and relative gene expression of HSPs were quantified in obtained samples using quantitative real-time PCR, while circulating HSP concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The results demonstrated a marked upregulation of miR-17-5p in CRC patients, showing a six-fold increase compared with healthy controls. Patients with benign colorectal disorders exhibited a moderate two-fold increase. Similarly, HSP40 and HSP90 expression levels were significantly elevated in CRC patients, whereas their levels were reduced in benign colorectal cases relative to healthy individuals. In contrast, HSP70 expression was significantly decreased in both CRC and benign colorectal patients compared with controls. Overall, miR-17-5p and HSPs showed superior diagnostic accuracy compared with conventional biomarkers. Notably, combined biomarker analysis significantly enhanced sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing CRC from benign colorectal conditions. Among the evaluated markers, miR-17-5p in combination with HSP40 and HSP90 demonstrated the strongest diagnostic performance. Conclusion: These findings suggest that this biomarker panel holds promise for CRC diagnosis, prognosis, and potential therapeutic targeting, offering improved strategies for clinical management.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92383_e0b3e3fe7151b8f80aba8b1405e1339b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Ginkgo biloba: Phytochemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens, and Modulation of Cancer Signaling343134399238410.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3431ENShahad Basil IsmaelDepartment of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.Noor Dheyaa HameedDepartment of Microbial Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.Nawar Bahaa AbdulsahibCollege of Applied Sciences/University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.Mayssaa E. AbdalahDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.Ragheed Hussam YousifCollege of Applied Sciences/University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.Majid SJabirCollege of Applied Sciences/University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.0000-0003-0759-8298Journal Article20260203Objective: Evaluate the phytochemical composition of Ginkgo biloba methanolic extract and investigate its anticancer and antibacterial activity, along with exploring its potential molecular mechanism of action through molecular docking analysis. Methods: Phytochemical protocols including phenols, flavonoids and saponins were qualitatively evaluated. The anti-bacterial activity was tested versus G+ and G- bacteria using agar well diffusion method. Cytotoxic activity was investigated using the MTT assay on HepG2 (liver cancer), A549 (ling cancer) and WRL-68 (normal) cell lines. Additionally, molecular docking analysis was performed to evaluate the interaction between selected bioactive compounds and the Akt1 protein (PDB ID:2C6T). Results: The extract demonstrated high levels of total phenols (309.47 ± 4.21 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (299.78 ± 14.81 mg/mL), and total saponins (137.76 ± 1.72 g/100 g). A significant antibacterial activity was observed in a concentration-dependent manner; the strongest effect was against Escherichia coli, showing inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 27 mm. The MTT assay showed a dose-dependent reduction in the viability of cancer cells, where HepG2 viability decreased from 92.28 ± 1.88% to 45.48 ± 2.61% (IC50 = 144.8 µg/mL), and A549 viability decreased from 93.17 ± 0.41% to 56.16 ± 3.56% (IC50 = 54.33 µg/mL). Meanwhile, lower cytotoxicity was observed in normal WRL-68 cells (IC50 = 145 µg/mL). Molecular docking analysis revealed favorable binding of Ginkgo phytochemicals to the Akt1 active site, with ginkgolide B showing the highest binding affinity (−7.19 kcal/mol), followed by isorhamnetin (−6.79 kcal/mol). Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba methanolic extract demonstrates significant antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. These biological activities mostly arise from its rich phytochemical composition, particularly the bioactive constituents that may target key signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt. Consistently, molecular docking analysis suggests a synergistic multi-compound mode of action, supporting the idea that Ginkgo biloba has the potential to serve as a valuable source for multi-target therapeutic development.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92384_66d277a9066c6853cf85126ac9c9f864.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Prognostic Nutritional Index Is Associated With Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study344134489238710.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3441ENYasemin Ciraci YasarDepartment of Internal Medicine Nursing, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.0000-0002-5443-0642Mehtap TanDepartment of Internal Medicine Nursing, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.Mehmet BiliciClinic of Medical Oncology, Atatürk University Research Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye.Zekiye DemirClinic of Medical Oncology, Atatürk University Research Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye.Journal Article20260213Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and chemotherapy-related gastrointestinal (GI) symptom severity in patients with GI cancer. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 262 adult patients with GI cancer receiving chemotherapy at a research hospital in eastern Türkiye. Nutritional status was assessed using the Prognostic Nutritional Index, calculated from serum albumin levels and lymphocyte counts obtained prior to chemotherapy cycles. Gastrointestinal symptom burden was evaluated using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). Descriptive statistics, group comparisons, and correlation analyses were performed to evaluate associations between clinical variables, PNI, and GSRS scores. Result: The mean PNI score was 39.34 ± 12.31, and nearly half of the participants were classified as at risk for malnutrition based on sample-specific cut-off values. The mean total GSRS score was 36.23 ± 12.06, indicating mild-to-moderate symptom severity. GSRS scores were significantly higher among patients with advanced disease stages and lower PNI values. Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant negative association between PNI and GSRS scores (r = −0.239, p < 0.05), demonstrating that poorer nutritional status was associated with greater gastrointestinal symptom severity. In the multiple linear regression analysis, it was determined that cancer stage and chemotherapy protocol had significant effects on PNI and GSRS scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that lower PNI is linked to greater gastrointestinal symptom severity, underscoring the need to integrate routine nutritional evaluation with gastrointestinal symptom monitoring in GI cancer care.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92387_2882cfed04ea46e87c5400927bcd7f86.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Breast Cancer-Related Quality of Life among Women Undergoing Treatment: A Hospital-Based Study in Vietnam344934569239810.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3449ENTuyen DinhHoangFaculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen Univerisity, Khon Kaen province, Thailand. Faculty of Public Health, University of
Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue city, Vietnam.0000-0002-9725-4212Thang VanVoFaculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue city, Vietnam.Vietnam Public Health Association, Hanoi, Vietnam.0000-0003-2018-0371Pongdech SarakarnFaculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen Univerisity, Khon Kaen province, Thailand.ASEAN Cancer
Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group (ACEP), Thailand.0000-0002-0549-9993Journal Article20260215Background: Despite the rising incidence of breast cancer (BC), survival rates have improved due to advancements in early detection and treatment. With longer survival, it is increasingly important to evaluate and enhance patients’ quality of life (QoL), particularly the functional and symptom-related aspects of BC. This study aims to assess BC-related QoL and its associated factors among women undergoing treatment. Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study assessed BC-related QoL in 284 patients using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QoL Questionnaire for BC (QLQ-BR45) between March 10 and May 14, 2025. Statistical analyses included multivariable linear regression to identify factors associated with 12 domains of patient QoL. Results: QoL findings showed high body image scores (72.51) but low sexual functioning (13.50) and sexual enjoyment (26.29), with hair-loss distress (51.32) and systemic therapy side effects (30.92) being the most burdensome symptoms. Older age and higher body mass index (BMI) had both positive and negative associations with QoL, while marriage, higher education, urban residence, and longer breastfeeding were linked to better outcomes. Late-stage disease, older age at first childbirth, and receiving no treatment were linked to poorer outcomes. Treatment had varying effects on QoL domains: surgery plus chemotherapy improved sexual enjoyment, while non-surgical approaches alleviated symptoms across several QoL-related domains. Conclusion: BC patients showed strong body image but poor sexual functioning and notable symptom burdens, underscoring the need for supportive care that addresses physical and psychosocial issues. Routine QoL monitoring and broader multicenter studies are essential to guide tailored interventions and improve overall patient QoL.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92398_5018eb3bcc600adc210ec7db2ecf0504.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Tobacco Consumption, Early Initiation, and Determinants Among School-Going Adolescents in Ranchi, Jharkhand: A Cross-Sectional Study345734639238810.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3457ENSachender PalSinghConsultant, Head & Neck Oncosurgeon, Ranchi Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Ranchi, Jharkhand - 834006, India.Priyadarshini MathewManager Marketing, Branding, Ranchi Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Ranchi, Jharkhand - 834006, India.Niraj KaushikProgram Coordinator,
Tobacco Control, Ranchi Cancer Care Foundation, Ranchi Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Ranchi, Jharkhand
- 834006, India.Journal Article20260221Objective: India faces a rapidly increasing burden of oral cancer. Adolescence is a critical period for risk-taking behaviours, yet state-level, school-based data from high-burden regions such as Jharkhand are limited. To estimate the prevalence and patterns of tobacco use and identify socio-demographic, familial, and awareness-related predictors of ever tobacco use among school-going children in Ranchi, Jharkhand. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 898 students from government and government-aided schools in Ranchi using a pre-tested, structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data included demographics, awareness, tobacco use, social influences, and attitudes toward tobacco control. Ever tobacco use was defined as lifetime use of smoked or smokeless tobacco; current use was defined as use within the past 30 days among ever users. Prevalence was estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Chi-square tests assessed associations, and logistic regression identified independent predictors. Results: Of 898 students (52.1% girls; mean age 15.6 years), 7.9% (95% CI 6.1–9.7) had ever used tobacco. Among ever users, 22.5% were current users and 50.7% had discontinued. Ever use was higher among boys than girls (12.4% vs 4.1%; OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.95–5.78). However, among ever users, girls were more likely to be current users (OR 5.79, 95% CI 1.74–19.25). Initiation clustered between 10–15 years. In multivariable analysis, male gender (adjusted OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.55–4.93) and family tobacco use (adjusted OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.06–2.95) were independent predictors. Conclusion: Tobacco experimentation begins by mid-adolescence in Ranchi. Prevention should start before age 10, emphasize family-centred strategies, and address social modelling beyond awareness programmes.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92388_5144c293353b22ddb6a1ad1736cd205a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Barriers and Facilitators of Cancer Screening Uptake in Meghalaya and Mizoram States under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of NCDs in India: A Mixed-methods Study346534789239010.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3465ENSutapa BiswasCancer Foundation of India, Kolkata, India.Bobby PaulAll India Institute of Public Health, Kolkata, India.Anushka GhoshCancer Foundation of India, Kolkata, India.0000-0003-0446-4462Ranajit MondalChittaranjan National Cancer
Institute, Kolkata, India.Maqsood SiddiqiCancer Foundation of India, Kolkata, India.0000 0003 2502 6330Journal Article20260225Objective: Cancer is a leading cause of both morbidity and mortality in India. In response, the government launched a national screening programme under the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases (NPCDCS/NP-NCD). Despite comprehensive guidelines, screening rates remain very low. We conducted a field study in Meghalaya and Mizoram between 2021 and 2023 to identify barriers and facilitators to cancer screening uptake, involving a diverse group of stakeholders. Methods: The mixed-methods study included 420 frontline health workers (FLHWs), 38 government officials, 75 key informants from non-governmental organisations, and 244 community members. We employed purposive and snowball sampling methods to recruit a diverse group of participants for qualitative data collection. For quantitative data collection, we used a stratified random sampling technique. Data collection comprised surveys, in-depth interviews and free-listing in both physical and virtual settings. Quantitative data from FLHWs were statistically analysed, while qualitative data from other stakeholders were reviewed and thematically coded using Anthropac version 4.98.1/X, with graphical visualisation in ATLAS.ti. Results: Stakeholders highlighted critical barriers to cancer screening uptake. At the individual level, obstacles include fears of diagnosis. At the community level, lack of cancer awareness and social stigma persist. Healthcare facilities face challenges like infrequent cancer screenings and resource shortages. At the policy level, insufficient financial support and ineffective communication strategies were key issues. Stakeholders recommended innovative awareness campaigns, information sharing through community events and gram sabhas, and engagement of community leaders and NGOs. They also emphasised upgrading infrastructure, enhancing staff training and adding screening facilities in villages. Conclusion: The study offers a detailed analysis of barriers and facilitators to cancer screening uptake, as highlighted by a diverse group of stakeholders. Findings suggest that complex, multi-layered challenges require innovative communication strategies and systemic improvements to enhance participation in cancer screening within the NPCDCS/NP-NCD initiatives in Meghalaya and Mizoram.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92390_0c28c4b20c995fb864ddfcf4e8b34737.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Circulating miR-181a-3p, ATR, and HMGB-1 as Integrated Predictors of Induction Blast Clearance in Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia347934859239110.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3479ENResti MulyaSariDepartment of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Dharmais National Cancer Centre Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.0009-0004-1151-571XLyana SetiawanDepartment
of Clinical Pathology, Dharmais National Cancer Centre Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-0363-9868Damai SantosaDepartment of Hematology and Medical
Oncology, University of Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia.0000-0002-6093-5049Melva LouisaDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of
Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-6872-8802Syarifah DewiDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0003-2148-9020Ikhwan RinaldiDepartment of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0002-6872-8802Noorwati SutandyoDepartment of Hematology
and Medical Oncology, Dharmais National Cancer Centre Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.0000-0001-8822-8488Anderson CenweikiawanDepartment of Hematology and
Medical Oncology Research Unit, Dharmais National Cancer Centre Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.0009-0004-2766-0006Journal Article20260227Methods: This study included 71 adult patients with newly diagnosed AML who received standard “7+3” induction chemotherapy. Baseline circulating miR-181a-3p and miR-181b-5p levels were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while ATM, ATR, and HMGB-1 protein levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Induction blast clearance was defined as a post-induction bone marrow blast count of <5%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine optimal cut-off values. Associations were evaluated using Spearman correlation and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Circulating miR-181a-3p demonstrated limited discriminatory performance (AUC = 0.564), while HMGB-1 showed modest performance (AUC = 0.615). Using ROC-derived cut-off values, low baseline miR-181a-3p expression was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of achieving induction blast clearance in monocytic AML (FAB M4–M5) (RR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.18–4.63, p = 0.015), but not in non-monocytic subtypes. Higher ATR (RR = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.99–2.38, p = 0.047) and HMGB-1 levels (RR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.04–2.50, p = 0.031) were also associated with improved induction response. Circulating miR-181a-3p correlated with baseline bone marrow blast percentage, suggesting its potential as a surrogate marker for leukemic burden. Conclusion: Circulating miR-181a-3p, ATR, and HMGB-1 are associated with induction blast clearance in AML, with lineage-specific effects observed for miR-181a-3p. Although the individual biomarkers demonstrated limited discriminatory performance, their integration may provide clinically relevant insights into early treatment response.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92391_dd583aed03a748da76ce20ad49546984.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901Prevalence and Predictors of Awareness of the Kuwait National Mammography Screening Program Among Women in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study348734959236410.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3487ENAhmad SalmanDepartment of Public Health Practice, College of Public Health, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City,
Kuwait.0000-0003-2204-3565Fatima Al-GhadbanDepartment of Public Health Practice, College of Public Health, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait City,
Kuwait.Ahmad AbbasNuclear Medicine Department, Farwaniya Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.Journal Article20260303Background: Breast cancer is the leading malignancy among women in Kuwait. The Kuwait National Mammography Screening Program (KNMSP), launched in 2014, provides free biennial mammography to asymptomatic women aged 40–69 years; however, participation remains persistently low and awareness is insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of KNMSP awareness and identify its independent predictors across sociodemographic, knowledge, behavioral, and attitudinal domains. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 458 women aged ≥20 years residing across all six governorates of Kuwait between January and April 2025, using convenience sampling via social media and community networks. Of 516 women who accessed the questionnaire, 458 met eligibility criteria and completed all items (response rate 88.7%). Standardized validated instruments assessed breast cancer warning-sign knowledge, risk-factor knowledge, screening beliefs, and perceived barriers. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of KNMSP awareness. Results: Overall, 65.3% of participants (n = 299) reported awareness of the KNMSP. In the final adjusted model (Nagelkerke R² = 0.355; AUC = 0.798), knowledge of breast self-examination (BSE) was the strongest independent predictor (OR = 3.60; 95% CI 1.87–6.93; p < 0.001). Women aged 20–29 years (OR = 0.29), unpartnered women (OR = 0.40), and non-Kuwaiti women (OR = 0.47) had significantly lower adjusted odds of awareness. Perceived barriers and screening beliefs were not independently associated with awareness. Conclusions: Two-thirds of women in Kuwait are aware of the KNMSP; however, substantial gaps persist among younger, unpartnered, and non-Kuwaiti women. Integrating BSE education into outreach initiatives, strengthening primary-care referral, and developing multilingual campaigns targeting high-gap subgroups are priority actions to improve program visibility and, ultimately, screening uptake.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92364_4a19c3da70b3246913b453794f2cd05f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736827920260901CD44 Expression in Head and Neck Cancer: Systematic Review, IHC-based Meta-Analysis, and Pathway Analysis Highlight a Favorable Clinicopathological Association349735079239910.31557/APJCP.2026.27.9.3497ENStella MarleenFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia. Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.0000-0002-8379-826XMuhammad HusniCangaraDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.0000-0002-5160-8265Upik AnderianiMiskadDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.0000-0002-1980-395XPrihantono PrihantonoDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.0000-0002-8247-0457Journal Article20251201Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide with its highest incidence in Asia. Tobacco, alcohol, and HPV contribute to this phenomenon. CD44 has been found to have a mechanistic role in tumorigenicity and metastasis, however current literature shows conflicting evidence regarding its role in HNC. This review attempts to synthesize available studies to clarify its clinicopathological significance. Methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane, and the Directory of Open Access Journals for studies comparing clinicopathological features between immunohistochemically assessed CD44 expression levels. Meta-analysis was conducted utilizing Review Manager 5.4. Further subgroup analysis was conducted based on the CD44 expression quantification method. Results: Nine studies, representing 484 patients, were included in the final analysis. An association between CD44 expression and histopathological grading (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25–0.84) was found. Gender, survival, lymph node involvement, and perineural invasion were not found to be predicted by CD44. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrates that CD44 expression is associated with histopathological grading in HNC. However, survival, lymph node involvement, and perineural invasion are found to be independent of CD44 expression.https://journal.waocp.org/article_92399_c526382d4e865b4dd924567b22c31b12.pdf