West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Impact of Radiotherapy on Background Parenchymal Enhancement in Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging2939294329024ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> While many studies have shown that hormones can influence background parenchymalenhancement (BPE) in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), only few have directly address the effect ofradiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of radiotherapy on BPE in breast MRI.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A retrospective search identified 62 women with unilateral breast cancer who had abreast MRI both before and after radiotherapy following breast-conserving surgery. In our study, we assumedthat systemic therapy affected both breasts equivalently. We rated the level of BPE of both breasts using a fourpointcategorical scale. A change in the level of BPE prior to and after treatment was compared in the diseasedand contralateral breasts. <br/><b>Results</b>: All patients received a 4256 to 6480 cGy dose of whole breast radiotherapyover 3-7 weeks. The mean timing of the follow-up study was 6.6 months after completion of radiotherapy.Although the BPE showed a decrease in both breasts after treatment, there was a significant reduction of BPEin the irradiated breast compared with the contralateral breast (1.18 versus 0.98 average reduction in BPE level,p=0.042). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Radiotherapy is associated with decrease in BPE with MRI.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29024_ede00ab90e9d993399fab1e9f0867765.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Depression and Suicide Ideas of Cancer Patients and Influencing Factors in South Korea2945295029025ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> This study compared risk factors for depression and suicidal ideas among cancer patientsfor comparison with the general population, and identified influencing factors. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Weanalyzed data from 2,472 cancer patients in the National Cancer Center and nine Regional Cancer Centersand frequency-matched data for age and sex from 2,349 members of the general population who completed theNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2008. Logistic regression analysis was used to identifyfactors affecting depression and suicidal ideas. <br/><b>Results</b>: Cancer patients were not likely to have more depression(OR=0.96, 95%CI=0.79-1.18) and were less likely to have suicidal ideas (OR=0.64, 95%CI=0.53-0.79) comparedto the general population. Female sex, more stress, and lower quality of life were influencing factors. Theadditional risk factors for suicidal ideas among cancer patients included income (OR=0.62, 95%CI=0.43-0.91),smoking (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.06-2.50), recurrence (OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.15-1.95), and chemotherapy (OR=1.66,95%CI=1.26-2.19). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: No differences appeared in depression rates between cancer patients and thegeneral population, and cancer patients were less likely to have suicidal ideas. However, cancer patients werelikely to have more risk factors than the general population, and those classified as being at high risk of suicideshould receive distress management and social economic support, from early in the treatment process.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29025_211f051c8dc87e51b38ff4ad9a0db5df.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Interleukin-4 and -8 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Gastric Cancer in a Population in Southwestern China2951295729026ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Gastric carcinogenesis is a complicated process that involves environmental and genetic factorslike interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-8. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in their genes are associated with changedlevels of gene expression. Here, we investigated the association between IL4-590 C>T and IL8-251T>A andgastric cancer (GC) risk in Sichuan of Southwestern China. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We surveyed the researchsubjects using a self-designed questionnaire with questions on demographic factors and putative risk factors.Approximately 2-5ml of whole blood was collected after field survey to analyze IL4-590 C>T and IL8-251T>Agenotypes using MALDI-TOF MS. <br/><b>Results</b>: Our study recruited 308 pairs of GC patients and controls, including224 (72.7%) men and 84 (27.3%) women in each group. There were 99 cardia and 176 noncardia GC patients inthe case group. The case and control groups had an average age of 57.7±10.6 (mean±SD) and 57.6±11.1 years.GC patients reported a significantly greater proportion of family history of cancer (29.9% vs 10.7%, p<0.01)and drinking (54.6% vs 43.2%, p<0.01) than did controls. Variant genotypes of IL-4-590 C>T and IL-8-251 T>Awere not associated with overall GC risk (adjusted OR, 0.89; 95%CI, 0.61-1.28 for CT or CC vs TT; adjustedOR, 1.14; 95%CI, 0.86-1.79 for TA or AA vs TT). Stratification analysis of two SNPs for risk by subsites onlyfound that variant IL-8-251 TA or AA genotype was associated with increased noncardia GC risk (adjustedOR, 2.58; 95%CI, 1.19-5.57). We did not observe interactions between the IL-8-251 T>A genotype and smoking(adjusted OR, 0.38; 95%CI, 0.08-1.79) or drinking (adjusted OR, 0.36; 95%CI, 0.08-1.65) for risk of noncardiaGC. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our data indicate no association between the two SNPs of IL-4-590 and IL-8-251 with overallGC risk, while the IL-8-251 TA or AA genotype conferred risk of cardia GC. Our findings contribute to theevidence body for risk of SNPs associated with the development of gastric cancer in this region.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29026_a2eef00bcacc5bf8000581930763d957.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Correlation of Breast Cancer Incidence with the Number of Motor Vehicles and Consumption of Gasoline in Korea2959296429027ENJournal Article19700101While several reproductive and lifestyle-related factors are already well-known as established risk factorsfor breast cancer, environmental factors have attracted attention only recently. The objective of the currentstudy was to assess the association between the breast cancer incidences in females, the mortality rate and thenumber of motor vehicles on the one side and the consumption of gasoline which could work as a major sourceof air pollution at the other side. The breast cancer incidences and the mortality trends were compared withvarious indices of westernization like dietary patterns or industrialization with 10 years lag of time. Geographicalvariations with 10, 15 and 20 years lag of time were assessed between the breast cancer incidence in 2010and the number of motor vehicles as well as the consumption of gasoline. The upward trend of motor vehiclenumbers proved to be comparable to those of breast cancer incidence and mortality. However, the consumptionof gasoline started to decrease since the mid-1990s. The geographic distribution of motor vehicle numbers andgasoline consumption in 1990 is in a positive correlation with the breast cancer incidence rates in 2010 and the20-year lag time (R2 0.379 with the number of motor vehicles and 0.345 with consumption of gasoline). In a linearrelationship between the breast cancer incidences in 2010 and the log transformed number of motor vehicles, thelog transformed consumption of gasoline in 2000 also showed a positive relationship (R2 0.367 with the numberof motor vehicles and 0.329 with consumption of gasoline). The results of the current study indicate that theremay be a positive relation between the number of vehicles, gasoline consumption and the incidence of breastcancer from the aspects of long-term trends and geographical variation.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29027_53a47b0a7984c29deabbd10c12459019.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Association of Cadmium but not Arsenic Levels in Lung Cancer Tumor Tissue with Smoking, Histopathological Type and Stage2965297029028ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> To evaluate association of lung cancer with arsenic and cadmium levels measured in tumortissue. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Ninety-five patients with lung cancer tumor tissue obtained surgically wereincluded in this study. Arsenic and cadmium levels were measured and levels of metals were compared amongtypes of lung cancer and with reference to patient data. <br/><b>Results</b>: The histopathologic diagnoses of the 95 caseswere SCC, 49, adenocarcinoma, 28, large cell, 11 and SCLC, 1. Mean tumor arsenic and cadmium levels were149.3±129.1μg/kg and 276.3±219.3μg/kg, respectively. Cadmium levels were significantly associated with smoking(p=0.02), histopathologic type (p=0.005), and TNM staging (r=0.325; p=0.001), although arsenic was not relatedto any parameter (p>0.05). There was no relation between metal levels and mortality (p>0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:We found a significant association between tumor cadmium levels of patients with lung cancer and smoking,histopathologic type and staging, although there was no relation with arsenic levels.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29028_31d1d7bd6853a33e340796370837597b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Expression and Prognostic Significance of lncRNA MALAT1 in Pancreatic Cancer Tissues2971297729029ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recently observed in various human cancers.However, the role of lncRNAs in pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclarified. The aim of thisstudy was to detect the expression of lncRNA MALAT1 in PDAC formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE)tissues and to investigate the clinical significance of the MALAT1 level. <br/><b>Methods</b>: The expression of MALAT1was examined in 45 PDAC and 25 adjacent non-cancerous FFPE tissues, as well as in five PDAC cell lines anda normal pancreatic epithelium cell line HPDE6c-7, using qRT-PCR. The relationship between MALAT1 leveland clinicopathological parameters of PDAC was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportionalhazards model. <br/><b>Results</b>: The relative level of MALAT1 was significantly higher in PDAC compared to the adjacentnormal pancreatic tissues (p=0.009). When comparing the MALAT1 level in the cultured cell lines, remarkablyhigher expression of MALAT1 was found in aspc-1 PDAC cells compared with the immortal pancreatic ductepithelial cell line HPDE6c-7 (q=7.573, p<0.05). Furthermore, MALAT1 expression level showed significantcorrelation with tumor size (r=0.35, p=0.018), tumor stage (r=0.439, p=0.003) and depth of invasion (r=0.334,p=0.025). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with higher MALAT1 expression had a poorer diseasefree survival (p=0.043). Additionally, multivariate analysis indicated that overexpression of MALAT1, as wellas the tumor location and nerve invasion, was an independent predictor of disease-specific survival of PDAC.<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: MALAT1 might be considered as a potential prognostic indicator and may be a target for diagnosisand gene therapy for PDAC.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29029_67c90ae591344b29565dcf500224adfc.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Serum Peroxiredoxin3 is a Useful Biomarker for Early Diagnosis and Assessemnt of Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chinese Patients2979298629030ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Recently, peroxiredoxin3 (PRDX3) was identified as a novel molecular marker for the progressionof hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its potential clinical application as a serum marker for the earlydiagnosis and prognosis of HCC has not been investigated. <br/><b>Methods</b>: PRDX3, alpha-fetaprotein (AFP), and otherbiochemical parameters were measured in serum samples from 297 Chinese patients, including 96 with HCC,98 with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 103 healthy controls (HCs). Correlations between serum PRDX3 expressionand clinicopathological variables and the relationship between serum PRDX3 expression and prognosis wereanalyzed. <br/><b>Results</b>: Serum PRDX3 was significantly higher in HCC patients than in the LC and HC groups.The sensitivity and specificity of serum PRDX3 for the diagnosis of HCC were 85.9% and 75.3%, respectively,at a cutoff of 153.26 ng/mL, and the area under the curve was 0.865. Moreover, serum PRDX3 expression wasstrongly associated with AFP level, tumor diameter, TNM stage, and portal vein invasion. Kaplan-Meier curveanalysis revealed that HCC patients with high serum PRDX3 expression had a shorter median survival timethan those with low PRDX3 expression. Moreover, serum PRDX3 expression was an independent risk factorfor overall survival. The inverse correlation between serum PRDX3 and patient survival remained significantin patients with early-stage HCC and in those with normal serum AFP levels. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Serum PRDX3 canbe used as a noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis and/or prognosis of HCC.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29030_b959fe487babeb20265ec89f1cbdf683.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Pathological Implications of Cx43 Down-regulation in Human Colon Cancer2987299129031ENJournal Article19700101Connexin 43 is an important gap junction protein in vertebrates and is known for its tumor suppressiveproperties. Cx43 is abundantly expressed in the human intestinal epithelial cells and muscularis mucosae. Toexplore the role of Cx43 in the genesis of human colon cancer, we performed the expression analysis of Cx43 in 80cases of histopathologically confirmed and clinically diagnosed human colon cancer samples and adjacent controltissue and assessed correlations with clinicopathological variables. Western blotting using anti-Cx43 antibodyindicated that the expression of Cx43 was significantly down regulated (75%) in the cancer samples as comparedto the adjacent control samples. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue samples confirmed thedown regulation of the Cx43 in the intestinal epithelial cells. Cx43 down regulation showed significant association(p<0.05) with the histological type and tumor invasion properties of the cancer. Our data demonstrated thatloss of Cx43 may be an important event in colon carcinogenesis and tumor progression, providing significantinsights about the tumor suppressive properties of the Cx43 and its potential as a diagnostic marker for coloncancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29031_3b0dc67d6aadfc0f8c257f0e800f9f55.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Extract of Saccharina japonica Induces Apoptosis companied by Cell Cycle Arrest and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in SK-Hep1 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells2993299929032ENJournal Article19700101Saccharina japonica is a family member of Phaeophyceae (brown macro-alga) and extensively cultivatedin China, Japan and Korea. Here, the potential anti-cancer effect of n-hexane fraction of S. japonica wasevaluated in SK-Hep1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The N-hexane fraction reduced cell viability andincreased the numbers of apoptotic cells in a both dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis was activatedby both caspase-dependent and independent pathways. The caspase-dependent cell death pathway is mediatedby cell surface death receptors and activated caspase-8 amplified the apoptotic signal either through directactivation of downstream caspase-3 or pro-apoptotic proteins (Bad, Bax and Bak) subsequently leading to therelease of cytochrome c. On the other hand, caspase-independent apoptosis appeared mediated by disruptionof mitochondrial membrane potential and translocation of AIF to the nucleus where they induced chromatincondensation and/or large-scale DNA fragmentation. In addition, the n-hexane fraction induced endoplasmicreticulum (ER)-stress and cell cycle arrest. The results suggested that potential anti-cancer effects of n-hexaneextract from S. japonica on SK-Hep1 cells.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29032_a17512254e843383b614e07f9c8198c8.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Expression of Annexin A3 in Gastric Cancer and its Correlation with Proliferation and Apoptosis3001300429033ENJournal Article19700101Annexin A3 has been identified as a novel biomarker in different types of cancers. However, little is knownabout its clinical significances and and biological roles in gastric cancer. In this study, we assessed annexin A3expression in 80 patients with gastric cancer and explore its correlation with prognosis Moreover, correlationswith Ki-67, Bcl-2 and Bax were also investigated. Expression of annexin A3 was increased in gastric cancercompared with that in normal gastric tissues. Annexin A3 expression was significantly associated with tumorvolume and TNM stage (p<0.05). and inversely correlation with prognosis of patients. More interestingly,expression of annexin A3 was positive correlated with Ki-67 and Bcl-2 expression. Our study showed annexin A3might be a potential prognostic marker for gastric cancer and involved in tumorigenesis by regulating apoptosisand proliferation.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29033_15c135deda58bb18b5fac691884d3d5b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Effects of Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzyme 2C on Invasion, Proliferation and Cell Cycling of Lung Cancer Cells3005300929034ENJournal Article19700101The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of ubiquitin- conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) onbiological behavior of lung cancer cells. Using MTT, flow cytometry and invasion assays, we detected UBE2Cexpression and evaluated its biological properties in these cells, including effects on proliferation, the cellcycle profile and invasive capability. Compared with control cells, the UBE2C transfected cells demonstratedincreased cellular proliferation (p<0.05). UBE2C transfected cells also had a lower percentage in G1 phase anda higher percentage in S phase (p<0.05). Importantly, the UBE2C transfected cells had a notable enhancementof cell numbers penetrating the basement membrane compared with the control group (p<0.05). Ectopic upregulationUBE2C promoted the growth of lung cancer cells in vivo. Furthermore, we found UBE2C increasedthe expression of cyclin D1 and MMP-2. These results show UBE2C may represent a potential therapeutic targetfor lung cancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29034_cad67017861309d29124cc312c01412f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Differencies in the Level of Knowledge on Cervical Cancer among Health Care Students, Midwives and Patients in Serbia3011301529035ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Level of midwife knowledge is particularly important because of their role in the cervical cancerprevention programme. The aim of this study was to examine differences in the level of knowledge among healthcare students, midwives and women in the general population of Serbia. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectionalapproach was used with health care students of the medical shool, midwives in their practice, and women visitinga chosen general practitioner as respondents. <br/><b>Results</b>: In comparison with the students and midwives, womenhad lower level of knowledge of causative agents of the cervical cancer, genital warts, HPV types, screening forcervical cancer as well as about the target population for vaccine and its role. Differences in the numbers of rightanswers of respondents were statistically significant (p<0.001). Four or more correct answers were obtained from22.7% women, 35.3% from midwives and 83.8% from students. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Midwives should improve theirown level of knowledge related to preventive practice for cervical cancer, as well as their personal compliancewith recommended practices, in order to be qualified and credible promoters of cervical cancer control amongwomen in Serbia.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29035_dc55fe932087fd3811130bd9e794e17a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Oral Cancer Knowledge of Senior Dental Students in Zahedan, South-East of Iran3017302029036ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Oral carcinoma is one of the common types of cancer and one of the 10 leading causes of deatharound the world. This study was conducted to evaluate senior dental student knowledge about oral cancerouslesions in Zahedan Dental School. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this cross-sectional research, all the students inthe last academic year at the School of Dentistry were studied during year of 2013. The study questionnairecovered demographic data as well as 12 questions concerning the knowledge of oral cancer. Data were collectedand analyzed with SPSS18 using independent t-test, one way ANOVA. Significance level was considered asp≤0.05. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of the 104 senior dental students, with an average age of 27.34± 7.79 years, who participatedin this study, 32 (30.8%) were female and 72 (69.2%) were male. The mean score of the students regarding theknowledge of oral cancer was 7.24±2.61. 20 students (19.2%) had a weak knowledge, 45 students (43.3%) had amoderate knowledge, and 39 students (37.5%) had a good knowledge. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The student knowledge oforal cancer is not satisfactory and they need to receive additional information and education.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29036_7e9b141432f17caffd9a1b2372bbde4a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Lack of Association of the MDR1 C3435T Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer and Peptic Ulcer: a Systemic Review and Meta-analysis3021302729037ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> The multidrug resistance 1 gene (MDR1) C3435T polymorphism has been demonstrated toinfluence the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity level which is related to inflammation and carcinogenesis. Thismeta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and therisk of gastric cancer (GC) and peptic ulcer (PU). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A literature search was conductedwith PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library up to November 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidenceintervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. Data were analyzed using Review Manager (Version5.2), and Stata package (version 12.0) for estimation of publication bias. <br/><b>Results</b>: Six case-control studies wereincluded, of which five were for GC and two for PU. Overall, no evidence was found for any association betweenthe MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and the susceptibility to GC and PU. In the stratified analysis by H. pyloriinfection status, stage and histology classification of GC, and PU type, there was still no significant associationbetween them. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This meta-analysis suggested that the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism is not associatedwith susceptibility to GC and PU. Large and well-designed studies are warranted to validate our findings.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29037_1fe735c918e1257c1de952686fa6130d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Longitudinal Study of Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients with Colorectal Cancer3029303329038ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Dynamic changes of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) among hospitalized patients with colorectalcancer were determined. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This longitudinal, descriptive study involved 96 hospitalizedpatients with colorectal cancer, all recruited from a tertiary general hospital in Guangzhou, China. Patientscompleted questionnaires three times to assess the degree of fatigue, and measurement points were withinone week of admission, at 2 to 3 days after surgery and 3 weeks after surgery. <br/><b>Results</b>: Significant differencesamong the three measurement points (p<0.01) were observed. The scores of fatigue in the second survey werethe highest, followed by the third and first surveys. Colon cancer patient scores were higher than those of rectalcancer patients with a significant difference (p<0.05). Colorectal patients experienced different degrees of fatigueat different periods during hospitalization. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This study highlights the importance of interventionsthat are carefully tailored to patients based on the characteristics at different periods to alleviate fatigue.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29038_6c840fce46022e4da6236292e81567bf.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in the Pakistani Population3035303929039ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world and both incidence andmortality rates are continuing to rise in Pakistan. However, epidemiological studies to identify common lungcancer determinants in the Pakistani population have been limited. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In this retrospectivecase-control study, 400 cases and 800 controls were enrolled from different hospitals of all provinces ofPakistan. Information about socio-demographic, occupational, lifestyle and dietary variables was extractedby questionnaire from all subjects. Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. anddose-response associations were also assessed for suitable factors. <br/><b>Results</b>: Strong associations were observed forsmoking (OR=9.4, 95%CI=6.9-12.8), pesticide exposure (OR=5.1, 95%CI=3.1-8.3), exposure to diesel exhaust(OR=3.1, 95%CI=2.1-4.5), red meat consumption (OR=2.9, 95%CI=1.8-4.7) and chicken consumption (OR=2.8,95%CI=1.7-49). Other associated factors observed were welding fumes (OR=2.5, 95%CI=1.0-6.5), sedentaryliving (OR=2.0, 95%CI=1.6-2.6), family history (OR=2.0, 95%CI=0.8-4.9), wood dust (OR=1.9, 95%CI=1.2-3.1), tea consumption (OR=1.8, 95%CI=1.2-2.6), coffee consumption (OR=1.8, 95%CI=1.1-2.8), alcoholism(OR=1.7, 95%CI=1.1-2.5) and asbestos exposure(OR=1.5, 95%CI=0.5-4.4). Consumption of vegetables (OR=0.3,95%CI=0.2-0.4), juices (OR=0.3, 95%CI=0.3-0.4), fruits (OR=0.7, 95%CI=0.5-0.9) and milk (OR=0.6, 95%CI=0.5-0.8) showed reduction in risk of lung cancer. Strongest dose-response relationships were observed for smoking(Χ2=333.8, p≤0.0000001), pesticide exposure (Χ2=50.9, p≤0.0000001) and exposure to diesel exhaust (Χ2=51.8,p≤0.0000001). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Smoking, pesticide exposure, diesel exhaust and meat consumption are main lungcancer determinants in Pakistan. Consuming vegetables, fruits, milk and juices can reduce the risk of lung cancerrisk, as in other countries.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29039_91945935a184121af8f25394d0d107d9.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701ESR1 and PGR Gene Promoter Methylation and Correlations with Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Ductal and Lobular Breast Cancer3041304429040ENJournal Article19700101The aim of this work was to analyze methylation of the promoter sites of the ESR1 and PGR genes and todetermine correlations with immunohistochemical expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in ductaland lobular breast cancers. An observational, descriptive, molecular study was conducted on 20 ductal and 20lobular breast cancer samples with immunohistochemical determination of estrogen and progesterone receptorexpression. The methylation analysis of ESR1 and PGR promoter sites was carried-out by methylation-specificPCR. For correlation analysis, Kendall’s tau coefficient was determined. Positive correlations were found betweenestrogen and progesterone receptors, estrogen receptor and unmethylated progesterone receptor, progesteronereceptor, and unmethylated progesterone receptor. Negative correlations were found between estrogen receptorand methylated progesterone receptor, progesterone receptor and methylated progesterone receptor, methylatedand unmethylated estrogen receptor, and methylated and unmethylated progesterone receptor. The resultssuggest that methylation of promoter sites of ESR1 and PGR is a relatively uncommon event in ductal and lobularbreast cancer, and also suggest that the determination of epigenetic states of ESR1 and PGR could represent analternative or complement to the histopathological expression analysis.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29040_39841418da8fd19f6e916158a5ae6238.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Targeting EGFL7 Expression through RNA Interference Suppresses Renal Cell Carcinoma Growth by Inhibiting Angiogenesis3045305028460ENJournal Article19700101Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal of all urological cancers and tumor angiogenesis is closely relatedwith its growth, invasion, and metastasis. Recent studies have suggested that epidermal growth factor-like domainmultiple 7 (EGFL7) is overexpressed by many tumors, such as colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma;it is also correlated with progression, metastasis, and a poor prognosis. However, the role of EGFL7 in RCC isnot clear. In this study, we examined how EGFL7 contributes to the growth of RCC using a co-culture systemin vitro and a xenograft model in vivo. Downregulated EGFL7 expression in RCC cells affected the migrationand tubule formation of HMEC-1 cells, but not their growth and apoptosis in vitro. The level of focal adhesionkinase (FAK) phosphorylation in HMEC-1 cells decreased significantly when co-cultured with 786-0/iEGFL7cells compared with 786-0 cells. After adding rhEGFL7, the level of FAK phosphorylation in HMEC-1 cells wassignificantly elevated compared with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control. However, FAK phosphorylationwas abrogated by EGFR inhibition. The average size of RCC local tumors in the 786-0/iEGFL7 group wasnoticeably smaller than those in the 786-0 cell group and their vascular density was also significantly decreased.These data suggest that EGFL7 has an important function in the growth of RCC by facilitating angiogenesis.https://journal.waocp.org/article_28460_9c79177b6f78b96a460632326aa0e8c9.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Expression and Effects of JMJD2A Histone Demethylase in Endometrial Carcinoma3051305628461ENJournal Article19700101Previous studies have demonstrated that JMJD2A is a potential oncogene and is overexpressed in humantumors. However, its role in the endometrial carcinoma remains largely unknown. In this study, we discoveredthat JMJD2A was overexpressed in endometrial carcinoma, using immunohistochemistry, quantitative realtimepolymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. Downregulation of JMJD2A led to reduced endometrialcarcinoma RL95-2 and ISK cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis as asessed with cell counting kit-8, cellmigration and invasive assays. Collectively, our results support that JMJD2A is a promoter of endometrialcarcinoma cell proliferation and survival, and is a potential novel drug target.https://journal.waocp.org/article_28461_9836aec5e407683fa41f51e39804cfea.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Retrospective Study of ALK Rearrangement and Clinicopathological Implications in Completely Resected Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients in Northern Thailand: Role of Screening with D5F3 Antibodies3057306329041ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)has been intensively studied. The gold standard for ALK detection is FISH, but this is not routinely conducted inclinical practice, so that the IHC method has a role. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of ALKrearrangement and risk or prognostic factors for ALK positivity using both of IHC and FISH methods. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: From January 2008 to December 2012, 267 completely resected NSCLC patients in Chiang MaiUniversity Hospital were enrolled in this study. Clinical and pathological variables and outcomes of treatment wereretrospectively reviewed. IHC and FISH were used to evaluate ALK rearrangement. Sensitivity and specificityof IHC were analyzed. Multivariable analysis was used to identify clinico-pathological correlations with positiveresults of IHC and clinical outcomes. <br/><b>Results</b>: Twenty-two (8.2%) of 267 specimens were IHC-positive for ALKwith intense cytoplasmic staining, whereas only 10 (3.8%) were FISH-positive. Sensitivity, specificity and thepositive likelihood ratio with IHC were 80.0%, 94.9%, and 15.8 respectively. Age less than 55 years (RR 4.4,95%CI 1.78-10.73, p value=0.001) and presence of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) (RR 2.9, 95%CI 1.21-6.78,p value =0.017) were identified as risk factors for ALK rearrangement with FISH. There were no statisticallysignificant differences in other clinical and pathological variables. ALK rearrangement was not a prognosticfactor for tumor recurrence or overall survival. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The incidences of ALK positivity in completelyresected NSCLCs in northern Thailand were 8.2% by IHC and 3.8% by FISH. IHC with mouse monoclonal,Ventana D5F3 antibody can be used as a screening tool before FISH method because of high specificity and highpositive likelihood ratio. Age less than 55 years and VPI are risk factors for ALK positivity.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29041_2987bb2080f63f1e3fcc1700b6587f96.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Expression of Ki-67, p53 and VEGF in Pediatric Neuroblastoma3065307029042ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Neuroblastoma (NB), is a neuroectodermal tumor derived from neural crest cells, and it is thesecond most common pediatric malignant tumor. The biological and clinical behavior of NB is very heterogeneous.This study was conducted to evaluate the expression of Ki-67, p53 and VEGF markers in tissues obtained fromNB patients with different histologic types and stage. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Tissue microarray (TMA) blockswere constructed from paraffin blocks of the NB tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on TMAsections to detect the expression of Ki-67, p53 and VEGF markers. The association between the expression ofthese markers and clinicopathological parameters were then analyzed. <br/><b>Results</b>: We had 18 patients with NB,one patient with ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB) and one with ganglioneuroma. Ki-67 was expressed in 13 (65%)tumors, and negatively correlated with age, prognosis, histologic type and stage of NB (all p<0.05). High andmoderate expression of VEGF was found in 5% (1/20) and 65% (13/20) of the tumors, respectively; and it waspositively correlated with age, prognosis and histologic types (all p<0.05) and negatively correlated with MKI(mitosis-karyorrhexis index). p53 expression was observed in 10% (2/20) of the tumors, which showed a relativecorrelation with MKI (p value=0.07). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: VEGF as a candidate for anti-angiogenic targeted therapywas correlated with the development and progression of NB; therefore, VEGF along with Ki-67 can serve as avaluable marker for the prognosis of this tumor type.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29042_3ec771aac624186b2df880e94dd3ddcd.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Risk Factors of Postoperative Nosocomial Pneumonia in Stage Ⅰ-Ⅲa Lung Cancer Patients3071307429043ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> To investigate the related risk factors of postoperative nosocomial pneumonia (POP) inpatients withⅠ-Ⅲa lung cancer. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Medical records of 511 patients who underwent resection for lungcancer between January 2012 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factors of postoperativepneumonia were identified and evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. <br/><b>Results</b>: The incidence ofpostoperative pneumonia in these lung cancer patients was 2.9% (15 cases). Compared with 496 patients whohad no pneumonia infection after operation, older age (>60), histopathological type of squamous cell carcinomaand longer surgery time (>3h) were significant risk factors by univariate analysis. Other potential risk factorssuch as alcohol consumption, history of smoking, hypersensitivity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and so onwere not showed such significance in this study. Further, the multivariate analysis revealed that old age (>60years) (OR 5.813, p=0.018) and histopathological type of squamous cell carcinoma (OR 5.831, p<0.001) werealso statistically significant independent risk factors for postoperative pneumonia. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This studydemonstrated that being old aged (>60 years) and having squamous cell carcinoma histopathological type mightbe important factors in determining the risk of postoperative pneumonia in lung cancer patients after surgery.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29043_a940039a8163632794b73c4ce6d4fd5f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Lack of any Prognostic Value of Body Mass Index for Patients Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma3075307929044ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> The relationship between body mass index(BMI) and outcomes after chemoradiotherapy(CRT)has not been systematically addressed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of BMI on survivalin patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Sixty ESCC caseswere retrospectively reviewed in this study. Patient overall survival(OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) werecompared between two groups (BMI<24.00 kg/m2 and BMI≥24.00 kg/m2). <br/><b>Results</b>: There were 41 patients in thelow/normal BMI group (BMI<24.00 kg/m2) and 19 in the high BMI group (BMI≥24.00 kg/m2). No significantdifferences were observed in patient characteristics between these. We found no difference in 2-year OS and DFSassociated with BMI (p=0.763 for OS; p=0.818 for DFS) using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysisrevealed that higher clinical stage was prognostic for worse 2-year OS and DFS, metastasis for 2-year OS, lymphnode status for 2-year DFS, while age, gender, smoking, drinking, tumor location and BMI were not prognostic.There were no differences in the 2-year OS (hazard ratio=1.117; p=0.789) and DFS(hazard ratio=1.161; p=0.708)between BMI groups in multivariate analysis, whereas we found statistical differences in the 2-year OS and DFSassociated with clinical stage, gender and tumor infiltration (p<0.04), independent of age, smoking, drinking,tumor location, the status of lymph node metastases and BMI. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: BMI was not associated with survivalin patients with ESCC treated with CRT as primary therapy. BMI should not be considered a prognostic factorfor patients undergoing CRT for ESCC.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29044_a58b26ddb4af3ea263c9622430246f9c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Social Support and Quality of Life in Turkish Patients with Gynecologic Cancer3081308629045ENJournal Article19700101The aim of this study was to determine the level of social support and quality of life in Turkish patients withgynecologic cancer using a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 108 patients admitted to the gynecologiconcology clinic at a university hospital from September 2011 to January 2012 were included. Data werecollected using patient information forms, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)and The Quality of Life-Cancer Survivors Instrument (QOL-CS). Average age was 54.5±10.8 years and it wasdetermined that 65.7% of patients had ovarian cancer and 19.4% had cervical cancer. The total QOL-CS meanscore was 5.59±1.10. Average score of total MSPSS was found to be 69.7±14.64. Comparing socio-demographicand clinical characteristics of patients and average scores of QOL-CS and MSPSS, it was found that there wasnot a statisticaly significant corelation (p>0.05). Statistically significant relation was found between the averagescores of QOL-CS and MSPSS. These results showed that quality of life was moderate and perceived socialsupport was high in Turkish patients with gynecologic cancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29045_508858509a9a58da7cbe0fefaa8ce988.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Utility of Digital Rectal Examination, Serum Prostate Specific Antigen, and Transrectal Ultrasound in the Detection of Prostate Cancer: A Developing Country Perspective3087309129046ENJournal Article19700101Purpose: To determine the utility of digital rectal examination (DRE), serum total prostate specific antigen(tPSA) estimation, and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in men withlower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: All patients with abnormal DRE, TRUS, or serumtPSA >4ng/ml, in any combination, underwent TRUS-guided needle biopsy. Eight cores of prostatic tissue wereobtained from different areas of the peripheral prostate and examined histopathologically for the nature of thepathology. <br/><b>Results</b>: PCa was detected in 151 (50.3%) patients, remaining 149 (49.7%) showed benign changeswith or without active prostatitis. PCa was detected in 13 (56.5%), 9 (19.1%), 26 (28.3%), and 103 (74.6%) ofpatients with tPSA <4 ng/ml, 4-10 ng/ml, 10-20 ng/ml and >20 ng/ml respectively. Only 13 patients with PCahad abnormal DRE and TRUS with serum PSA <4 ng/ml. The detection rate was highest in patients with tPSA>20 ng/ml. The association between tPSA level and cancer detection was statistically significant (p<0.01). Among209 patients with abnormal DRE and raised serum PSA, PCa was detected in 128 (61.2%). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Theincidence of PCa increases with increasing serum level of tPSA. The overall screening and detection rate can befurther improved by using DRE, TRUS and TRUS-guided prostate needle biopsies.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29046_7990e29829a391a8d39b1222cb9cb7e8.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Effects of Ribosomal Protein L39-L on the Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Lung Cancer A549 Cells3093309729047ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Cancer is a major threat to the public health whether in developed or in developing countries.As the most common primary malignant tumor, the morbidity and mortality rate of lung cancer continues to risein recent ten years worldwide. Chemotherapy is one of the main methods in the treatment of lung cancer, butthis is hampered by chemotherapy drug resistance, especially MDR. As a component of the 60S large ribosomalsubunit, ribosomal protein L39-L gene was reported to be expressed specifically in the human testis and humancancer samples of various tissue origins. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Total RNA of cultured drug-resistant andsusceptible A549 cells was isolated, and real time quantitative RT-PCR were used to indicate the transcribedifference between amycin resistant and susceptible strain of A549 cells. Viability assay were used to show theamycin resistance difference in RPL39-L transfected A549 cell line than control vector and null-transfected A549cell line. <br/><b>Results</b>: The ribosomal protein L39-L transcription level was 8.2 times higher in drug-resistant humanlung cancer A549 cell line than in susceptible A549 cell line by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The ribosomalprotein L39-L transfected cells showed enhanced drug resistance compared to plasmid vector-transfected ornull-transfected cells as determined by methyl tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation. Conclusions andImplications for Practice: The ribosomal protein L39-L gene may have effects on the drug resistance mechanismof lung cancer A549 cells.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29047_3bc95dc97b92fab04ba91b6b0da4543f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701TMPRSS2:ETS Fusions and Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Prostate Cancer Patients from Eastern China3099310329048ENJournal Article19700101TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusions in prostate cancer have a dominant prevalence of approximately 50.0%, butinfomration is limited on differences among ethnic and geographical groups. Some studies focusing on Japaneseand Korean patients reported a lower incidence. Investigations concerning Chinese revealed controversialresults. We evaluated TMPRSS2:ERG, TMPRSS2:ETV1 and TMPRSS2:ETV4 fusions in more than 100 EasternChinese prostate cancer patients. Paraffin blocks of needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy were collectedfrom 91 and 18 patients respectively. All patients’ clinicopathologic factors were gathered. TMPRSS2:ERG,TMPRSS2:ETV1 and TMPRSS2:ETV4 fusions were tested by multi-probe fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) assay. TMPRSS2:ERG fusions was present in 14.3% biopsy specimens and 11.1% radical prostatectomypatients. Neither TMPRSS2:ETV1 nor TMPRSS2:ETV4 fusion was found in any case. Altogether, 13 (86.7%)TMPRSS2:ERG fusion positive cases possessed deletion pattern and 7 (46.6%) and insertion pattern. Some 5cases had both deletion and insertion patterns. While 38.5% (5/13) patients with deletion pattern had distantmetastasis, except for one metastatic case harboring both deletion and insertion, there were no patients withinsertion pattern accompanied with metastasis. There were no differences between fusion positive and negativecases in the distribution of age, PSA, Gleason score and TNM stage. Eastern Chinese prostate cancer patients havea significantly low incidence of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. They also lack TMPRSS2:ETV1 and TMPRSS2:ETV4fusion. There are more deletion pattern than insertion pattern in TMPRSS2:ERG positive cases. Fusion positiveand negative patients have no clinicopathologic factor differences.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29048_eac4fb1c4a34b3b98757c36c2eb2f42c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Influence of Mammographic Screening on Breast Cancer Incidence Trends in South Australia3105311229049ENJournal Article19700101Purpose: To examine breast cancer (BC) incidence trends in relation to mammographic screening and riskfactor prevalence in South Australia (SA). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:Trends in annual BC incidence rates werecalculated using direct standardisation and compared with projected incidence derived from Poisson regressionanalysis of pre-screening rates. Annual percentage change and change time points were estimated using Joinpointsoftware. Biennial mammography screening participation rates were calculated using data from BreastScreenSA. Trends in overweight/obesity, alcohol use and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use were examined using1991-2009 Health Omnibus Survey data. Trends in total fertility were examined using data from the AustralianBureau of Statistics. <br/><b>Results</b>: BC incidence increased around the time BreastScreen commenced and thenstabilised in the mid-1990s. However rates have remained higher than projected, even though the proportionand age distribution of first time screening attendees stabilised around 1998. A decrease in BC incidence wasobserved among women aged 50-59yrs from the late-1990’s but not among older women. Obesity and alcoholuse have increased steadily in all age groups, while HRT use declined sharply from the late-1990s. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:BC incidence has remained higher than projected since mammography screening began. The sustained elevationis likely to be due to lead time effects, though over-diagnosis cannot be excluded. Declining HRT use has alsoimpacted incidence trends. Implications: Studies using individual level data, which can account for changes inrisk factor prevalence and lead time effects, are required to evaluate ‘over-diagnosis’ due to screening.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29049_4226049add6c63d92d49647bdd85b323.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Anticancer Effect of COX-2 Inhibitor DuP-697 Alone and in Combination with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (E7080) on Colon Cancer Cell Lines3113312129050ENJournal Article19700101Colorectal cancer remains one of the most common types of cancer and a leading cause of cancer deathworldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate effects of DuP-697, an irreversible selective inhibitor of COX-2 on colorectal cancer cells alone and in combination with a promising new multi-targeted kinase inhibitorE7080. The HT29 colorectal cancer cell line was used. Real time cell analysis (xCELLigence system) wasconducted to determine effects on colorectal cell proliferation, angiogenesis was assessed with a chorioallantoicmembrane model and apoptosis was determined with annexin V staining. We found that DuP-697 alone exertedantiproliferative, antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects on HT29 colorectal cancer cells. For the antiproliferativeeffect the half maximum inhibition concentration (IC50) was 4.28510-8 mol/L. Antiangiogenic scores were 1.2,0.8 and 0.5 for 100, 10 and 1 nmol/L DuP-697 concentrations, respectively. We detected apoptosis in 52% ofHT29 colorectal cancer cells after administration of 100 nmol/L DuP-697. Also in combination with the thyrosinekinase inhibitor E7080 strong antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects on HT29 colorectal cancercells were observed. This study indicates that DuP-697 may be a promising agent in the treatment of colorectalcancer. Additionally the increased effects observed in the combination with thyrosine kinase inhibitor give thepossibility to use lower doses of DuP-697 and E7080 which can avoid and/or minimize side effects.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29050_6f2df58b0134d58a5383c80941f47347.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Insulin Resistance Reduces Sensitivity to Cis-Platinum and Promotes Adhesion, Migration and Invasion in HepG2 Cells3123312829051ENJournal Article19700101The liver is normally the major site of glucose metabolism in intact organisms and the most important targetorgan for the action of insulin. It has been widely accepted that insulin resistance (IR) is closely associated withpostoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the relationship between IR and drugresistance in liver cancer cells is unclear. In the present study, IR was induced in HepG2 cells via incubationwith a high concentration of insulin. Once the insulin-resistant cell line was established, the stability of HepG2/IR cells was further tested via incubation in insulin-free medium for another 72h. Afterwards, the biologicaleffects of insulin resistance on adhesion, migration, invasion and sensitivity to cis-platinum (DDP) of cells weredetermined. The results indicated that glucose consumption was reduced in insulin-resistant cells. In addition,the expression of the insulin receptor and glucose transportor-2 was downregulated. Furthermore, HepG2/IRcells displayed markedly enhanced adhesion, migration, and invasion. Most importantly, these cells exhibited alower sensitivity to DDP. By contrast, HepG2/IR cells exhibited decreased adhesion and invasion after treatmentwith the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone hydrochloride. The results suggest that IR is closely related to drugresistance as well as adhesion, migration, and invasion in HepG2 cells. These findings may help explain theclinical observation of limited efficacy for chemotherapy on a background of IR, which promotes the invasionand migration of cancer cells.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29051_5e15ba7c9ced5c11d5e2c5f90d183206.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701rs10505474 and rs7837328 at 8q24 Cumulatively Confer Risk of Prostate Cancer in Northern Han Chinese3129313229052ENJournal Article19700101Aims: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk variants for prostate cancer(pCa) mainly in Europeans, which need to be further verified in other racial groups. We selected six previouslyidentified variants as candidates and to define the association with PCa in Northern Han Chinese. <br/><b>Methods</b>:749 subjects from Beijing and Tianjin in Northern China were included. Six variants (rs10505474, rs7837328,rs4242384, rs7813, rs486907 and rs1058205) were genotyped by high resolution melting (HRM) assays. Theindividual and cumulative contribution for of the risk of PCa and clinical covariates were analyzed. <br/><b>Results</b>:Among the six candidate variants, onlyrs10505474, and rs7837328, both locating at 8q24 region, were associatedwith PCa in our population.rs10505474 (A) was associated with PCa (ORrecessive= 1.56, p=0.006); and rs7837328 (A)was associated with PCa (ORdominant= 1.38, p=0.042/ORrecessive=1.99, p=0.003). Moreover, we observed a cumulativeeffects between them (ptrend=2.58×10-5). The joint population attributable risk showed the two variants mightaccount for 71.85% of PCa risk. In addition, we found the homozygotes of rs10505474 (A) and rs7837328 (A)were associated with PCa clinical covariants (age at onset, tumor stage, respectively) (page=0.046, Ptumorstage =0.048).<br/><b>Conclusion</b>: rs10505474 (A) and rs7387328 (A) at 8q24 are associated with PCa and cumulatively confer risk,suggesting the two variations could determine susceptibility to PCa in the Northern Chinese Han population.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29052_60b8f7f9f6a177efe7fa05449571c13d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Histopathological Features of Colorectal Cancer in Al-Madinah Region of Saudi Arabia: 8 Years Experience3133313728462ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> To determine the histopathological pattern of colorectal cancer (CRC) among Saudi patientswith a view to determine various epidemiological and histopathological features of the disease. Materials and<br/><b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the demographic and histopathological data of all the patientswith CRC diagnosed at King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia over a period of 8 years from January2006 to December 2013. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of 324 cases of CRC reviewed, 200 cases (61.7%) were males while 124 cases(38.3%) were females giving a male to female ratio of 1.6: 1. Age of the patients ranged from 20 to 100 yearswith a mean age 57.9 years. The rectosigmoid region was the most frequent anatomical site (13.6%) involved andadenocarcinoma (88.6%) was the most common histopathological type. The majority of adenocarcinomas (87.3%)were moderately differentiated. A total of 47.8% of patients were in stage B and 43.5% of patients were in stageC of the Aster-Coller classification. Most patients (75.7%) presented with large size tumors. Lymphovascularinvasion and lymph node metastasis were recorded in 67.9% and 43.6% of cases, respectively. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Colorectal cancer is common in our environment and the majority of patients present late with an advancedstage. Screening programs regarding CRC should be enhanced to improve the outcome of the patients.https://journal.waocp.org/article_28462_3b1ee3ce3361daf4da2dcaa575f1faf2.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Acupuncture as a Complementary Treatment for Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy3139314428463ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Medical treatment for eliminating the side effects of cancer therapy may not always be efficacious.Acupuncture is one of the most widely accepted alternative and complementary therapies in use today. In thisstudy, we investigated the efficacy of acupuncture in patients experiencing cancer treatment side effects, includingnausea, vomiting, pain, poor sleep quality and anxiety. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A total of 45 inpatients whounderwent chemotherapy between February and April 2013 in the Oncology Department of Numune Hospitalwere included in our study. Acupuncture was administered to the patients one day prior to chemotherapy, onthe day of chemotherapy and one day after chemotherapy. The patients were evaluated on nausea, vomiting,pain, sleep quality and anxiety before the chemotherapy and on the 4th day of chemotherapy. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of the45 patients included in the study, 18 (40%) were female and 27 (60%) were male. A total of 25 (55.6%) had anelementary school education; 32 patients (71%) had stage 4 cancer and were treated with palliative chemotherapy(the patient characteristics are shown in Table 1). Statistically significant decreases (p<0.001) in pain, nausea,vomiting, insomnia and anxiety scores were observed after the acupuncture treatment compared to baseline.There were no differences in the age, gender, education level, stage or metastasis levels between the patient groupswhose symptoms improved or were unchanged. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our study showed that acupuncture has positiveeffects in cancer treatment patients who experience nausea, vomiting, pain, poor sleep quality and anxiety asside effects of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-related side effects in cancer patients could be decreased by theconcurrent use of acupuncture.https://journal.waocp.org/article_28463_985e9f86746a97d9b2bdf417f84a3ab0.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Pathway and Network Analysis in Glioma with the Partial Least Squares Method3145314928464ENJournal Article19700101Gene expression profiling facilitates the understanding of biological characteristics of gliomas. Previousstudies mainly used regression/variance analysis without considering various background biological andenvironmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression differences between grade IIIand IV gliomas through partial least squares (PLS) based analysis. The expression data set was from the GeneExpression Omnibus database. PLS based analysis was performed with the R statistical software. A total of1,378 differentially expressed genes were identified. Survival analysis identified four pathways, including Priondiseases, colorectal cancer, CAMs, and PI3K-Akt signaling, which may be related with the prognosis of thepatients. Network analysis identified two hub genes, ELAVL1 and FN1, which have been reported to be relatedwith glioma previously. Our results provide new understanding of glioma pathogenesis and prognosis with thehope to offer theoretical support for future therapeutic studies.https://journal.waocp.org/article_28464_dceef7239170adc7366f5dd51afad931.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Sorafenib Continuation after First Disease Progression Could Reduce Disease Flares and Provide Survival Benefits in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Pilot Retrospective Study3151315629053ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Sorafenib is a promising drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however,treatment may be discontinued for multiple reasons, such as progressive disease, adverse events, or the costof treatment. The consequences of sorafenib discontinuation and continuation are uncertain. Materials and<br/><b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively analyzed 88 HCC patients treated with sorafenib from July 2007 to January 2013.Overall survival (OS), post-disease progression overall survival (pOS), and time to disease progression (TTP)were compared for survival analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to assess the effectof important factors on OS in the overall patient population and on pOS in patients who continued sorafenibtreatment. <br/><b>Results</b>: Sorafenib was discontinued and continued in 24 and 64 patients, respectively. The medianOS (355 vs 517 days respectively; p=0.015) and median post-PD OS (260 vs 317 days, respectively; p=0.020) werestatistically different between the discontinuation and continuation groups. Neither the median time to first PDnor the time to second PD were significantly different between the 2 groups. In the discontinuation group, 3 of the24 patients (12.5%) suffered disease outbreaks. In Cox proportional hazard regression analysis after correctionfor confounding factors, BCLC stage (p=0.002) and PD site (p=0.024) were significantly correlated with pOS inpatients who continued sorafenib treatment. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Sorafenib discontinuation may cause HCC flares oroutbreaks. It is advisable to continue sorafenib treatment after first PD, particularly in patients with BarcelonaClinic Liver Cancer stage B disease or only intrahepatic PD.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29053_0f0c7a7d46572982e7de2800e4398b18.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701First-Line Mono-Chemotherapy in Frail Elderly Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer3157316129054ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Unlike for fit elderly metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, general approaches to initialtreatment for the frail older mCRC patients are not clear. Our aim was to evaluate the efficiency and safetyof first-line single-agent treatment in one such group. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively evaluatedmCRC patients aged 70 or older with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score of 2. Theyhad no prior treatment and underwent first-line single-agent capecitabine or other monotherapies until diseaseprogression or unacceptable toxicity. <br/><b>Results</b>: Thirty-six patients were included. Most (n:28, 77.8%) weretreated with capecitabine. One patient achieved a complete response and 5 patients had a partial response foran overall response rate of 16.6%. Twelve patients (33.3%) remained stable. Median progression free survivalwas 5 months (confidence interval (CI), %; 3.59-6.40) and median overall survival was 10 months (95 CI%;8.1-11.8). Grade 3-4 toxicity was found in 6 patients (16.6%). Febrile neutropenia was not observed and therewere no toxicity-associated deaths. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Capecitabine is a safe chemotherapeutic agent with moderateactivity for first-line treatment of older metastatic colorectal cancer patients with limited performance status.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29054_f586abe7375b26b7d2ce31dc6a2b1e40.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Determinants of Choice of Surgery in Asian Patients with Early Breast Cancer in A Middle Income Country3163316729055ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) plus radiotherapy is equivalent to modified radical mastectomy(MRM) in terms of outcome. However there is wide variation in mastectomy rates dependent both on tumourand patient characteristics. <br/><b>Objective</b>: This study aimed to assess the determinants of surgery choice in Asianpatients with early breast cancer in a middle-income country. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: 184 patients with earlybreast cancer treated between Jan 2008 and Dec 2010 were recruited to complete a questionnaire. Chi-squaretest was used to analyze the association between surgery choice and demographic and tumour factors, surgeonrecommendation, family member and partner opinions, fear of recurrence, avoidance of second surgery, fearof disfigurement, interference with sex life, fear of radiation and loss of femininity. <br/><b>Results</b>: 85 (46%) had BCSwhile 99 (54%) had mastectomy. Age >60, Chinese ethnicity, lower education level, and larger tumour size weresignificantly associated with mastectomy. Surgeon recommendation was important in surgery choice. Althoughboth groups did not place much importance on interference with sex life, 14.1% of the BCS group felt it wasvery important compared to 5.1% in the mastectomy group and this was statistically significant. There was nostatistical difference between the two groups in terms of the other factors. When analyzed by ethnicity, significantlymore Malay and Indian women considered partner and family member opinions very important and were moreconcerned about loss of femininity compared to Chinese women. There were no statistical differences between thethree ethnic groups in terms of the other factors. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: When counseling on surgical options, the surgeonhas to take into account the ethnicity, social background and education level, age and reliance on partner andfamily members. Decision-making is usually a collective effort rather than just between the patient and surgeon,and involving the whole family into the process early is important.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29055_a284dd03fcb3e7e91bd00e3aeecfb34c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Prognostic Factors on Overall Survival of Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma3169317329056ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> To investigate factors associated with overall survival in patients with newly diagnosedmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Two hundred and two consecutive patientswith pathologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma with distant metastasis at diagnosis seen betweenDecember 2007 and May 2011 were reviewed. Patient, tumor and treatment factors were analyzed for theirsignificance regarding overall survival. <br/><b>Results</b>: The median follow-up time was 22 months. At the time of thisreport, 116 patients had died. For 112 patients, cause of death was nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The 1, 2, 3, and4-year overall survival rates were 75.6%, 50.2%, 39.2%, and 28.2%, respectively. Cox regression multivariateanalysis showed that T-stage (p=0.045), N-stage (p=0.014), metastasis number (p<0.001) and radiotherapy fornasopharynx and neck (p<0.001) were significant factors for overall survival. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Early T-stage andN-stage, solitary metastasis in a single organ were good prognostic factors for patients with newly diagnosedmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiotherapy should be strongly recommended in systemic treatment.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29056_aafefbc1d471e454c5c1ffea57d97f88.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Inhibitory Effects of 3-Bromopyruvate on Human Gastric Cancer Implant Tumors in Nude Mice3175317829057ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor. Our previous study demonstrated inhibitoryeffects of 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) on pleural mesothelioma. Moreover, we found that 3-BrPA could inhibithuman gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 proliferation in vitro, but whether similar effects might be exerted invivo have remained unclear. Aim: To investigate the effect of 3-BrPA to human gastric cancer implant tumorsin nude mice. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups: 3-BrPA low, medium andhigh dose groups, PBS negative control group 1 (PH7.4), control group 2 (PH 6.8-7.8) and positive control groupreceiving 5-FU. The TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis, and cell morphology and structural changesof tumor tissue were observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). <br/><b>Results</b>: 3-BrPA low, medium,high dose group, and 5-FU group, the tumor volume inhibition rates were 34.5%, 40.2%, 45.1%, 47.3%, tumorvolume of experimental group compared with 2 PBS groups (p<0.05), with no significant difference between thehigh dose and 5-FU groups (p>0.05). TEM showed typical characteristics of apoptosis. TUNEL demonstratedapoptosis indices of 28.7%, 39.7%, 48.7% for the 3-BrPA low, medium, high dose groups, 42.2% for the 5-FUgroup and 5% and 4.3% for the PBS1 (PH7.4) and PBS2 (PH6.8-7.8) groups. Compared each experimentalgroup with 2 negative control groups, there was significant difference (p<0.05); there was no significant differencebetween 5-FU group and medium dose group (p>0.05), but there was between the 5-FU and high dose groups(p<0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: This study indicated that 3-BrPA in vivo has strong inhibitory effects on human gastriccancer implant tumors in nude mice.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29057_fa629433fca6d4e929a11d45e66ca4c4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701US-guided 14G Core Needle Biopsy: Comparison Between Underestimated and Correctly Diagnosed Breast Cancers3179318329058ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> The purpose of study was to evaluate radiologic or clinical features of breast cancer undergoingultrasound (US)-guided 14G core needle biopsy (CNB) and analyze the differences between underestimated andaccurately diagnosed groups. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Of 1,898 cases of US-guided 14G CNB in our institute,233 cases were proven to be cancer by surgical pathology. The pathologic results from CNB were invasive ductalcarcinoma (IDC) (n=157), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (n=40), high-risk lesions in 22 cases, and benign in14 cases. Among high-risk lesions, 7 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) were reported as cancer and 11cases of DCIS were proven IDC in surgical pathology. Some 29 DCIS cases and 157 cases of IDC were correctlydiagnosed with CNB. The clinical and imaging features between underestimated and accurately diagnosed breastcancers were compared. <br/><b>Results</b>: Of 233 cancer cases, underestimation occurred in 18 lesions (7.7%). Amongunderestimated cancers, CNB proven ADH (n=2) and DCIS (n=11) were diagnosed as IDC and CNB provenADH (n=5) were diagnosed at DCIS finally. Among the 186 accurately diagnosed group, the CNB results wereIDC (n=157) and DCIS (n=29). Comparison of underestimated and accurately diagnosed groups for BI-RADScategory, margin of mass on mammography and US and orientation of lesion on US revealed statistically significantdifferences. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Underestimation of US-guided 14G CNB occurred in 7.7% of breast cancers. Betweenunderestimated and correctly diagnosed groups, BI-RADS category, margin of the mass on mammography andmargin and orientation of the lesions on US were different.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29058_2db0968d4e29c887c31d7bc0c0d9154e.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Investigation of Antitumor Effects of Sorafenib and Lapatinib Alone and in Combination on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells3185318929059ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer evolution and tumor progression are controlled by complex interactions betweensteroid receptors and growth factor receptor signaling. Aberrant growth factor receptor signaling can augmentor suppress estrogen receptor function in hormone-dependent breast cancer cells. Thus, we aimed to investigateantitumor effects of sorafenib and lapatinib alone and in combination on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: Cytotoxicity of the sorafenib and lapatinib was tested in MCF-7 cells by XTT assays. 50, 25, 12.5and 6.25μM concentrations of sorafenib and 200, 100, 50 and 25μM concentrations of lapatinib were administeredalone and in combination. Results were evaluated as absorbance at 450nM and IC50 values are calculated accordingto the absorbance data <br/><b>Results</b>: Both sorafenib and lapatinib showed concentration dependent cytotoxic effectson MCF-7 cells. Sorafenib exerted cytotoxic effects with an IC50 value of 32.0μM; in contrast with lapatinib theIC50 was 136.6μM. When sorafenib and lapatinib combined, lapatinib increased cytotoxic effects of sorafenib at itsineffective concentrations. Also at the concentrations where both drugs had cytotoxic effects, combination showstrong anticancer effects and killed approximately 70 percent of breast cancer cells. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Combinationsof tyrosine kinase inhibitors and cytotoxic agents or molecular targeted therapy has been successful for manytypes of cancer. The present study shows that both sorafenib and lapatinib alone are effective in the treatmentof breast cancer. Also a combination of these two agents may be a promising therapeutic option in treatment ofbreast cancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29059_9eda70050060ef455cafec21174d224d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Regulatory Mechanisms of Annexin-Induced Chemotherapy Resistance in Cisplatin Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma3191319429060ENJournal Article19700101Adenocarcinoma of lung has high incidence and a poor prognosis, woith chemotherapy as the main therapeutictool, most commonly with cisplatin. However, chemotherapy resistance develops in the majority of patientsduring clinic treatment. Mechanisms of resistance are complex and still unclear. Although annexin play importantroles in various tumor resistance mechanisms, their actions in cisplatin-resistant lung adenocarcinoma remainunclear. Preliminary studies by our group found that in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer A549 cells and lungadenocarcinoma tissues, both mRNA and protein expression of annexins A1, A2 and A3 is increased. Using alibrary of annexin A1, A2 and A3 targeting combined molecules already established by ourselves we found thatspecific targeting decreased cisplatin-resistance. Taken together, the underlined effects of annexins A1, A2 and A3on drug resistance and suggest molecular mechanisms in cisplatin-resistant A549 cells both in vivo and in vitro.Furthermore, the study points to improved research on occurrence and development of lung adenocarcinoma,with provision of effective targets and programmes for lung adenocarcinoma therapy in the clinic.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29060_92c65f40080c01c0e54bfc468439ef97.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Inotodiol Inhabits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis through Modulating Expression of cyclinE, p27, bcl-2, and bax in Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells3195319929061ENJournal Article19700101Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal mushroom that has been used as an effective agent to treat various diseasessuch as diabetes, tuberculosis and cancer. Inotodiol, an included triterpenoid shows significant anti-tumor effect.However, the mechanisms have not been well documented. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of inotodiolon proliferation and apoptosis in human cervical cancer HeLa cells and investigated the underlying molecularmechanisms. HeLa cells were treated with different concentrations of inotodiol. The MTT assay was used toevaluate cell proliferating ability, flow cytometry (FCM) was employed for cell cycle analysis and cell apoptosis,while expression of cyclinE, p27, bcl-2 and bax was detected by immunocytochemistry. Proliferation of HeLacells was inhibited by inotodiolin a dose-dependent manner at 24h (r=0.9999, p<0.01). A sub-G1 peak (apoptoticcells) of HeLa cells was detected after treatment and the apoptosis rate with the concentration and longerincubation time (r=1.0, p<0.01), while the percentage of cells in S phase and G2/M phase decreased significantly.Immunocytochemistry assay showed that the expression of cyclin E and bcl-2 in the treated cells significantlydecreased, while the expression of p27 and bax obviously increased, compared with the control group (p<0.05).The results of our research indicate that inotodiol isolated from Inonotus obliquus inhibited the proliferationof HeLa cells and induced apoptosis in vitro. The mechanisms may be related to promoting apoptosis throughincreasing the expression of bax and cutting bcl-2 and affecting the cell cycle by down-regulation the expressionof cyclin E and up-regulation of p27. The results further indicate the potential value of inotodiol for treatmentof human cervical cancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29061_8bd80667513d884bae98ed8cac11e73d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Glutathione S-Transferase T1 and M1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Uterine Cervical Lesions in Women from Central Serbia3201320529062ENJournal Article19700101The aim of this study was to investigate the frequencies of GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion polymorphismsin newly-diagnosed patients with uterine cervical lesions from central Serbia. Polymorphisms of GST geneswere genotyped in 97 patients with cervical lesions and 50 healthy women using a multiplex polymerase chainreaction (PCR). The GSTM1 null genotype was significantly more prominent among the patients than in controls(74.2% vs 56.0%), the risk associated with lesions being almost 2.3-fold increased (OR=2.26, 95%CI=1.10-4.65,p=0.03) and 3.17-fold higher in patients above >45 years old (95%CI=1.02-9.79, p=0.04). The analysis of the twogenotypes demonstrated that GSTM1 null genotype significantly increased risk only for low grade squamousintraepithelial lesion-LSIL (OR=2.81, 95%CI=1.03-7.68, p=0.04). GSTT1 null genotype or different genotypecombinations were not found to be risk factors, irrespective to lesion stages, age or smoking. We found that therisk of cervical lesions might be significantly related to the GSTM1 null genotype, especially in women agedabove 45 years. Furthermore, the GSTM1 polymorphism might have greater role in development of early stagelesions.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29062_255010e479943edb410120143553c15c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Inflammatory Breast Cancer: a Single Centre Analysis3207321029063ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of locally advanced breast cancercharacterized by rapidly progressive breast erythema, pain and tenderness, oedema and paeu d’orangeappearance. It accounts for 1-3% of all newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer in the west. Data on IBC fromIndia are lacking. The aim of our study was to assess the clinical-pathological parameters and outcome of IBCat, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, a large tertiary care centre. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We screened 3,650breast cancer cases registered from January 2004 to December 2012 and found 41 cases of IBC. Data includeddemographics as well as clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics, and were collected fromclinical case records using the International Classification of Diseases code (C-50). Patients who presented withIBC as a recurrence, or who had a neglected and advanced breast cancer that simulated an IBC were excludedfrom this study. <br/><b>Results</b>: The median age was 45 years (range 23-66). The median duration of symptoms was5 months. The American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (AJCC) distribution was Stage III - 26 and IV - 15patients. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) positivity and human epidermal growth factorreceptor 2 (HER2/neu) positivity were 50%, 46% and 60%, respectively. Triple negativity was found in 15% of thecases. All the non metastatic IBC patients received anthracycline and/ or taxane based chemotherapy followed bymodified radical mastectomy , radiotherapy and hormonal therapy as indicated. Pathological complete remissionrate was 15%. At a median follow-up of 30 months, the 3 year relapse free survival and overall survival were30% and 40%respectively. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: IBC constituted 1.1% of all breast cancer patients at our centre. Onethird of these had metastatic disease at presentation. Hormone positivity and Her2 neu positivity were foundin 50% and 60% of the cases, respectively.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29063_9ed375b97e898d4dc4d364e98d79ecbf.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Radio-Sensitization by Piper longumine of Human Breast Adenoma MDA-MB-231 Cells in Vitro3211321729064ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> The current study investigated the effects of Piper longumine on radio-sensitization of humanbreast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and underlying mechanisms. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Human breast cancerMDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in vitro and those in logarithmic growth phase were selected for experimentsdivided into four groups: control, X-ray exposed, Piper longumine, and Piper longumine combined with X-rays.Conogenic assays were performed to determine the radio-sensitizing effects. Cell survival curves were fitted bysingle-hit multi-target model and then the survival fraction (SF), average lethal dose (D0), quasi-threshold dose(Dq) and sensitive enhancement ratio (SER) were calculated. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry(FCM).Western blot assays were employed for expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bc1-2 and Bax) aftertreatment with Piper longumine and/or X-ray radiation. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levelwas detected by FCM with a DCFH-DA probe. <br/><b>Results</b>: The cloning formation capacity was decreased in thegroup of piperlongumine plus radiation, which displayed the values of SF2, D0, Dq significantly lower thanthose of radiation alone group and the sensitive enhancement ratio (SER) of D0 was1.22 and 1.29, respectively.The cell apoptosis rate was increased by the combination treatment of Piper longumine and radiation. Piperlongumine increased the radiation-induced intracellular levels of ROS. Compared with the control group andindividual group, the combination group demonstrated significantly decreased expression of Bcl-2 with increasedBax. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Piper longumine at a non-cytotoxic concentration can enhance the radio-sensitivity of MDAMB-231cells, which may be related to its regulation of apoptosis-related protein expression and the increase ofintracellular ROS level, thus increasing radiation-induced apoptosis.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29064_faddcbaf76e0a867395140d121c3aa3f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Alkylglyceronephosphate Synthase (AGPS) Alters Lipid Signaling Pathways and Supports Chemotherapy Resistance of Glioma and Hepatic Carcinoma Cell Lines3219322629065ENJournal Article19700101Chemotherapy continues to be a mainstay of cancer treatment, although drug resistance is a majorobstacle. Lipid metabolism plays a critical role in cancer pathology, with elevated ether lipid levels. Recently,alkylglyceronephosphate synthase (AGPS), an enzyme that catalyzes the critical step in ether lipid synthesis,was shown to be up-regulated in multiple types of cancer cells and primary tumors. Here, we demonstrated thatsilencing of AGPS in chemotherapy resistance glioma U87MG/DDP and hepatic carcinoma HepG2/ADM celllines resulted in reduced cell proliferation, increased drug sensitivity, cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis throughreducing the intracellular concentration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidic acid-ether (LPAe)and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), resulting in reduction of LPA receptor and EP receptors mediated PI3K/AKTsignaling pathways and the expression of several multi-drug resistance genes, like MDR1, MRP1 and ABCG2.β-catenin, caspase-3/8, Bcl-2 and survivin were also found to be involved. In summary, our studies indicate thatAGPS plays a role in cancer chemotherapy resistance by mediating signaling lipid metabolism in cancer cells.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29065_ffb7570ae0fe0807aa25d4dd657d0d9b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Effectiveness of Online Education in Teaching Breast Self-Examination3227323129066ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> This research evaluated the effectiveness of an online education model in teaching breast selfexaminationto university staff and students. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: 1,679 women participated in a breastself-examination online training program. Breast self-examination knowledge evaluation forms developed byMaurer (1997) were used in the research and were evaluated on a 100 point scale. Paired t-test and McNemar’sTest statistics were employed. <br/><b>Results</b>: The participants scored an average of 46.5 (14.0%) on knowledge onbreast self-examination before training, but 77.4 (11.0%) one month after education and 76.7 (9.52%) after sixmonths. There was a clear significant difference between these knowledge levels (p<0.05). Similarly, while therate for systematic practice of breast self-examination among women was 30.8% before training it increased to47.8% afterwards. Again the difference was significant (p<0.05). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Online education is an effectivemethod for teaching breast self-examination to women.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29066_3a98c1c30596618977f2b7fa2cea7028.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Multivariate Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Male Breast Cancer in Serbia3233323829067ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> The aim of this study was to analyze the demographic and clinical characteristics of male breastcancer patients in Serbia, and furthermore to determine overall survival and predictive factors for prognosis.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: In the period of 1996-2006 histopathological diagnosis of breast cancer was made in 84males at the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia. For statistical analyses the Kaplan-Meier method,long-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used. <br/><b>Results</b>: The mean age at diagnosiswith breast cancer was 64.3±10.5 years with a range from 35-84 years. Nearly 80% of the tumors showed ductalhistology. About 44% had early tumor stages (I and II) whereas 46.4% and 9.5% of the male exhibitied stages IIIand IV, respectively. Only 7.1% of male patients were grade one. One-fifth of all patients had tumors measuring≤2 cm, and 14.3% larger than 5 cm. Lymph node metastasis was recorded in 40.4% patients and 47% relapse.Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression was positive in 66.7% and 58.3%, respectively. Among 14.3% ofindividuals tumor was HER2 positive. About two-thirds of all male patients had radical mastectomy (66.7%).Adjuvant hormonal (tamoxifene), systematic chemotherapy (CMF or FAC) and adjuvant radiotherapy weregiven to 59.5%, 35.7% and 29.8% patients respectively. Overall survival rates at five and ten years for malebreast cancer were 55.0% and 43.9%, respectively. According to the multivariate Cox regression predictivemodel, a lower initial disease stage, a lower tumor grade, application of adjuvant hormone therapy and norelapse occurrence were significant independent predictors for good overall survival. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Results ofthe treatment would be better if disease is discovered earlier and therefore health education and screening arean imperative in solving this problem.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29067_a764f8aeb391cabd3aa8dc06e5003868.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Awareness, Acceptability, and Decision-Making Factors among Chinese College Students3239324529068ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> College students are recommended as the target groups for catch-up human papillomavirus(HPV) vaccination. Systematical exploration of awareness, acceptability, and decision-making factors of HPVvaccination among Chinese college students has been limited. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A multi-center survey wasconducted in mainland China between November 2011 and May 2012. College students aged 18-22 years werestratified by their grade, gender, and major for sampling. Socio-demographic and HPV-related information suchas knowledge, perceptions, acceptability, and attitudes were collected through a questionnaire. <br/><b>Results</b>: A totalof 3,497 undergraduates completed the questionnaire, among which 1,686 were males. The acceptability of theHPV vaccine was high (70.8%). Undergraduates from high-level universities, at lower grade, or with greaterprior knowledge of HPV vaccines showed higher acceptability of HPV vaccination (ptrend <0.001). Additionally,undergraduates with vaccination experience outside the National Expanded Program on Immunization (OR=1.29;95%CI: 1.10-1.51) or fear of HPV-related diseases (OR=2.79; 95%CI: 2.28-3.41) were more willing to acceptHPV vaccination. General knowledge of HPV vaccine was low among undergraduates, and safety was a majorconcern (71.05%). The majority of students wished to pay less than 300RMB for HPV vaccine and chose theChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention as the most appropriate venue for vaccination. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>:Although most undergraduates demonstrate positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, challenges pertaining tointroduction exist in China. Corresponding proactive education and governmental subsidy to do so are urgentlyneeded by this age-group population. Suggestions and potential strategies indicated may help shape the futureHPV vaccination program in China.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29068_9a4b12210c1bef873d1fda3b9cd70971.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701E-Selectin S128R Polymorphism is Associated with Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis3247325229069ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Genetic factors have been shown to play an important role in the development of cancers.However, individual studies may fail to completely demonstrate complicated genetic relationships because ofsmall sample size. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of E-selectin Ser128Arg(S128R) with cancer risk. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: A literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science,Science Direct, SpringerLink, EBSCO, Wanfang, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databaseswas carried out to identify studies of the association between E-selectin S128R polymorphism and cancer risk.The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were used to assess the strength of association.<br/><b>Results</b>: A total of eight studies involving 1,675 cancer cases and 2,285 controls were included in the meta-analysis.In overall populations, S128R polymorphism seemed to be associated with cancer risk (Arg allele vs Ser allele:OR=1.65, 95%CI =1.33-2.04, p<0.01; Arg/Arg+Arg/Ser vs Ser/Ser: OR=1.87, 95%CI =1.48-2.36, p<0.01; Arg/Servs Ser/Ser: OR=1.80, 95%CI =1.51-2.14, p<0.01). Similarly, subgroup analysis by ethnicity and source of controlalso revealed that this polymorphism was related to cancer risk. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our meta-analysis revealed thatthere was association between the E-selectin S128R polymorphism and the risk of cancer. Further large andwell-designed studies are needed to confirm this association.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29069_4b0d678204d58bcfc3937c34ef558211.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Role of Household Exposure, Dietary Habits and Glutathione S-Transferases M1, T1 Polymorphisms in Susceptibility to Lung Cancer among Women in Mizoram India3253326029070ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the effect of household exposure, dietary habits,smoking and Glutathione S-Transferases M1, T1 polymorphisms on lung cancer among women in Mizoram, India.Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: We selected 230 newly diagnosed primary lung cases and 460 controls from women inMizoram. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratio (OR). <br/><b>Results</b>:Exposure of cooking oil fumes (p<0.003), wood as heating source for cooking (p=0.004), kitchen inside livingroom (p=0.001), improper ventilated house (p=0.003), roasting of soda in kitchen (p=0.001), current smokers oftobacco (p=0.043), intake of smoked fish (p=0.006), smoked meat (p=0.001), Soda (p<0.001) and GSTM1 nullgenotype (p=0.003) were significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer among women in Mizoram.Significantly protective effect was observed for intake of bamboo shoots (p=<0.001) and egg (p<0.001). A clearincrease in dose response gradient was observed for total cooking dish years. Risk for lung cancer tends to increasewith collegial effect of indoor environmental sources (p=0.022). Significant correlation was also observed forinteraction of GST polymorphisms with some of dietary habits. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: We confirmed the important roleof exposure of cooking oil emission and wood smoke, intake of smoked meat, smoked fish and soda (an alkalipreparation used as food additives in Mizoram) and tobacco consumption for increase risk of lung cancer amongWomen in Mizoram.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29070_a3b0999b792690786e1c8e8e49b4ccfb.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) as a Biomarker in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck Patients Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy3261326529071ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> To evaluate serum VEGF-A levels in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN)patients and relationships with response to therapy. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Serum VEGF-A levels in patients(n=72) treated with radiotherapy (RT) or radio-chemotherapy (RCT) and controls (n=40) were measured byELISA. <br/><b>Results</b>: Serum VEGF-A levels of the SCCHN cases were significantly higher (p=0.001) than in healthycontrols, and in patients with positive as compared to negative lymph node status (p=0.004). Similarly, patientswith advanced stage (Stage III-IV) disease had more greatly elevated levels of serum VEGF-A level than theirearly stage (Stage I-II) counterparts (p=0.001). In contrast, there was no significant difference (p=0.57) inserum level of VEGF-A in patients with advanced T-stage (T3-4) as compared to early stage (T1-2). Similarly,patients with distant metastasis had no significant (p=0.067) elevation in serum VEGF-A level as compared tonon-metastatic disease. However, the non-responder patients had significantly higher serum VEGF-A level ascompared to responders (p=0.001). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our results suggest that the serum VEGF-A level may be auseful biomarker for the prediction of response to therapy in SCCHN.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29071_4e43360b808f1f312bcd9574261074cc.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Methionine Synthase Reductase A66G Polymorphism is not Associated with Breast Cancer Susceptibility - a Meta-analysis3267327129072ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Several studies have investigated the association between methionine synthase reductase(MTRR) A66G polymorphism and breast cancer risk, but controversial results were yielded. Therefore, weperformed a meta-analysis to provide a more robust estimate of the effect of this polymorphism on susceptibilityto breast cancer. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>:Case-control studies investigating the relationship between MTRRA66G polymorphism and breast cancer risk were included by searching PubMed, EMBASE, China NationalKnowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Database. Either fixed-effects or random-effects models were appliedto calculate odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by RevMan5.2 software. <br/><b>Results</b>: A total of9 studies bearing 7,097 cases and 7,710 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The results were that thecombined ORs and 95%CIs of MTRR 66AG, GG, (AG+GG) genotypes were 0.98(0.91-1.05), 1.06(0.97-1.16)and 1.02(0.94-1.10), respectively with p=0.52, 0.19 and 0.65. We also performed subgroup analysis by specificethnicity. The results of the combined analysis of MTRR 66AG, GG, (AG+GG) genotypes and breast cancer inAsian descent were Z=0.50, 0.53 and 0.21, with p all>0.05; for breast cancer in Caucasian descent, the results wereZ=1.14, 1.65 and 0.43, with p all>0.05. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings suggested that MTRR A66G polymorphismwas not associated with breast cancer susceptibility.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29072_fb00ed51d8768a453d28ffaeefef120c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701An updated meta-analysis between the association of XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma risk3273327829073ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Various studies have evaluated the relationship between X-ray repair cross-complementinggroup 1 (XRCC1) Arg399Gln polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk, but the conclusionshave been inconsistent and underpowered. The purpose of this updated meta-analysis was to examine whetherXRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism confers susceptibility to HCC. <br/><b>Methods</b>: Eligible studies extracted fromPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, VIP (chinese) and CNKI (chinese) up to November 2013 were included inthe study. Pooled odds ratio (OR) together with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated to evaluateXRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and HCC risk. <br/><b>Results</b>: Finally, 21 studies with 4,170 cases and 5,030controls were involved in our meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that there was significant associationbetween Arg399Gln polymorphism and HCC risk under two contrast models in overall populations (AG vs GG:OR=1.265, 95%CI=1.036-1.545, p=0.021; AA+AG vs GG: OR=1.240, 95%CI=1.021-1.506, p=0.030). In subgroupanalyses, significant association was found in Asians (A vs G: OR=1.175, 95%CI=1.013-1.362, p=0.033; AG vsGG: OR=1.317, 95%CI=1.070-1.622, p=0.009; AA+AG vs GG: OR=1.289, 95%CI=1.055-1.575, p=0.013) andCaucasians (A vs G: OR=0.591, 95%CI=0.361-0.966, p=0.036; AA+AG vs GG: OR=0.468, 95%CI=0.234-0.934,p=0.031). <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The results suggest that XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism may increase HCC riskespecially among Asians. However, XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism might act as a protective role againstHCC among Caucasians.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29073_c2420e4f69320106517ebb66bd2ab299.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Factors Associated with Organized and Opportunistic Cancer Screening: Results of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007-20113279328629074ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Korea. To reduce cancer incidence, the KoreanNational Cancer Center (KNCC) has been expanding its organized cancer screening program. In addition,there are opportunistic screening programs that can be chosen by individuals or their healthcare providers. Thepurpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with participation in organized and opportunisticcancer screening programs, with a particular focus on socioeconomic factors. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Weused data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a cross-sectionalnationwide study conducted by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare from 2007 to 2011. The studyincluded information from 9,708 men and 12,739 women aged 19 years or over. Multinomial logistic regressionanalysis was conducted, adjusting for age, year of data collection, residential region, current smoking status,current alcohol consumption status, exercise, marriage status, job status, perceived health status, stress level,BMI, limitation of activities, cancer history, health insurance type, and private insurance status, to investigatethe association between education level, economic status, and cancer screening participation. <br/><b>Results</b>: In termsof education level, disparities in attendance were observed only for the opportunistic screening program. Incontrast, there was no association between education level and participation in organized screening. In termsof economic status, disparities in opportunistic screening participation were observed at all income levels, butdisparities in organized screening participation were observed only at the highest income level. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Ourfindings reveal that socioeconomic factors, including educational level and economic status, were not significantlyassociated with participation in organized cancer screening, except at the highest level of income.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29074_b4e782ef0a41dd252bcd38fd21260b55.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Colorectal Carcinoma in Malaysians: DNA Mismatch Repair Pattern in a Multiethnic Population3287329129075ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> The interesting preponderance of Chinese with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) amongst the threemajor ethnic groups in Malaysia prompted a study to determine DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status in ourCRC and attempt correlation with patient age, gender and ethnicity as well as location, grade, histological typeand stage of tumour. Histologically re-confirmed CRC, diagnosed between 1st January 2005 and 31st December2007 at the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya Medical Centre, were immunohistochemically stainedwith monoclonal antibodies to MMR proteins, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 on the Ventana BenchmarkXT autostainer. Of the 142 CRC cases entered into the study, there were 82 males and 60 females (M:F=1.4:1).Ethnically, 81 (57.0%) were Chinese, 32 (22.5%) Malays and 29 (20.4%) Indians. The patient ages rangedbetween 15-87 years (mean=62.4 years) with 21 cases <50-years and 121 ≥50-years of age. 14 (9.9%) CRCshowed deficient MMR (dMMR). Concurrent loss of MLH1 and PMS2 occurred in 10, MSH2 and MSH6 in 2with isolated loss of MSH6 in 1 and PMS2 in 1. dMMR was noted less frequently amongst the Chinese (6.2%)in comparison with their combined Malay and Indian counterparts (14.8%), and was associated with rightsided and poorly differentiated tumours (p<0.05). 3 of the 5 (60.0%) dMMR CRC cases amongst the Chineseand 1 of 9 cases (11.1%) amongst the combined Malay and Indian group were <50-years of age. No significantassociation of dMMR was noted with patient age and gender, tumour stage or mucinous type.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29075_be2172a04cd2493a75de514a2c311cdd.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Inhibitory Effects of α-Pinene on Hepatoma Carcinoma Cell Proliferation3293329729076ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Pine needle oil from crude extract of pine needles has anti-tumor effects, but the effectivecomponent is not known. <br/><b>Methods</b>: In the present study, compounds from a steam distillation extract of pineneedles were isolated and characterized. Alpha-pinene was identified as an active anti-proliferative compound onhepatoma carcinoma BEL-7402 cells using the MTT assay. <br/><b>Results</b>: Further experiments showed that α-pineneinhibited BEL-7402 cells by arresting cell growth in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, downregulating Cdc25CmRNA and protein expression, and reducing cycle dependence on kinase 1(CDK1) activity. <br/><b>Conclusion</b>: Takentogether, these findings indicate that α-pinene may be useful as a potential anti-tumor drug.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29076_ea4d617486522c319a2b7c16cff7b317.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Identification of Homer1 as a Potential Prognostic Marker for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma3299330429077ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> The aim of the present study was to analyze whether Homer1 is a potential prognostic markerfor intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: The expression of Homer1 in ICC tissuewas detected with immunohistochemistry and levels of protein in ICC and paratumor tissues were evaluated byWestern blotting. Survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method was performed to assess prognostic significance.<br/><b>Results</b>: Homer1 expression was high in 67.4% (58/86) of ICC samples, and there was significant differencebetween ICC and adjacent noncancerous tissues (p<0.001); high expression was associated with poor histologicdifferentiation (p=0.019), TNM stage (p=0.014), lymph node metastasis (p=0.040), and lymphatic invasion(p=0.025). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, a comparison of survival curves of low versus high expressors of Homer1revealed a highly significant difference in OS (p=0.001) and DFS (p=0.006), indicating that high expressionof Homer1 was linked with a worse prognosis. Multivariate analyses showed that Homer1 expression was anindependent risk factor predicting overall survival[Hazard ratio(HR), 7.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.63-21.47; p=0.002] and disease-free survival (HR, 11.56; 95%CI, 5.17-25.96; p<0.001) in ICC. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Homer1promotes lymphatic invasion and associates with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of ICC. The currentstudy shows that Homer1 may be an independent prognostic factor for ICC patients after curative resection,and it provides an important basis for screening/treating high-risk patients.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29077_51e22324aae27756b88933a1d23ca395.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Physical Functions, Health-Related Outcomes, Nutritional Status, and Blood Markers in Community-Dwelling Cancer Survivors Aged 75 Years and Older3305331029078ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> A cancer survivor is defined as anyone who has been diagnosed with cancer, from the time ofdiagnosis through the rest of their life. The purpose of this study was to examine whether physical functions,health-related outcomes, nutritional status and blood markers in community-dwelling cancer survivors aged75 years and older are different from those who do not have cancer Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: Two hundredseventy-five participants were asked by physicians, nurses, and physical therapists, questions regarding cancerhistory in a face-to-face interview. Data were collected for demographic information, physical functions, suchas handgrip strength, knee extension power, abdominal muscle strength, static standing balance, walking speedand the timed-up-and-go test, health-related outcomes, nutritional status, and blood markers. The measuredparameters of survivor diagnosed with cancer were compared with those without a history of cancer. <br/><b>Results</b>:Thirty-seven older adults were previously diagnosed with cancer. Female cancer survivors had lower kneeextension power (p<0.05), abdominal muscle strength (p<0.05), walking speed (p<0.05), timed-up-and-go testscore (p<0.05), and time to spend on walking per day (p<0.05) than older women without a history of cancer.In men, none of the measured parameters were significantly different between cancer survivors and older menwith no history of cancer. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The present study shows that partial physical function of women cancersurvivors aged 75 years and older differs from that in women with no history of cancer.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29078_27c240131b6ab09408f7c67e51d3bc4c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Differentially Expressed Proteins in ER+ MCF7 and ER- MDAMB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells by RhoGDI-α Silencing and Overexpression3311331729079ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> The consequence of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (RhoGDIα) activity on migration andinvasion of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) breast cancer cells has not been studied using theproteomic approach. Changes in expression of RhoGDIα and other proteins interacting directly or indirectly withRhoGDIα in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, with different metastatic potentials is of particular interest. Materialsand <br/><b>Methods</b>: ER+ MCF7 and ER- MDA-MB-231 cell lines were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) and spots of interest were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of- flight/timeof-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis after downregulation of RhoGDIα using shortinterfering RNA (siRNA) and upregulated using GFP-tagged ORF clone of RhoGDIα. <br/><b>Results</b>: The resultsshowed a total of 35 proteins that were either up- or down-regulated in these cells. Here we identifed 9 and 15proteins differentially expressed with silencing of RhoGDIα in MCF-7 and the MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively.In addition, 10 proteins were differentially expressed in the upregulation of RhoGDIα in MCF7, while only oneprotein was identified in the upregulation of RhoGDIα in MDA-MB-231. Based on the biological functions of theseproteins, the results revealed that proteins involved in cell migration are more strongly altered with RhoGDI-αactivity. Although several of these proteins have been previously indicated in tumorigenesis and invasiveness ofbreast cancer cells, some ohave not been previously reported to be involved in breast cancer migration. Hence,these proteins may serve as useful candidate biomarkers for tumorigenesis and invasiveness of breast cancercells. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Future studies are needed to determine the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate cellmigration. The combination of RhoGDIα with other potential biomarkers may be a more promising approachin the inhibition of breast cancer cell migration.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29079_87edc5937c013d0c5760acd8c8a22f75.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Breast Cancer in Jamaica3319332229080ENJournal Article19700101Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Jamaican women. This study assessed the clinicopathologicfeatures of cases in a hospital-based specialist clinic in Kingston, Jamaica. A retrospective chart review wasperformed for the 2-year study period and relevant clinical and surgico-pathologic data were recorded andanalyzed. Median age of the 121 breast cancer patients was 52 years (range 22-84, IQR 20) and there was 1 caseof male breast cancer. Most patients (65%) were referred from the surgical service after definitive breast cancersurgery, 20% were referred for pre-operative systemic therapy, and 15% had a diagnosis of metastatic disease.The surgico-pathologic group comprised 78 women who were referred for adjuvant therapy. The majorityhad presented with a palpable breast lump (91%), with median tumour size 3.5cm (range 0.4-13, IQR 4). Mosttumours were node positive (56%). Approximately one-third of patients had stage III disease (33%). Most womenpresented with large palpable tumours and had lymph node involvement confirmed on surgicopathologicalevaluation, indicative of limited early breast cancer detection. A national screening mammography programmeis recommended for detection of earlier lesions. Pre-operative systemic therapy should be considered as an optionfor eligible patients.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29080_409f6f0988ef7adab0e5076b9ab22c68.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Locally Advanced Breast Cancer in Jamaica: Prevalence, Disease Characteristics and Response to Preoperative Therapy3323332629081ENJournal Article19700101Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Jamaican women. Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) isassociated with aggressive biology and poor prognosis, and has a predilection for African-American women. Inthis retrospective review, we assessed the prevalence of LABC as a breast cancer presentation in a population ofmainly Afro-centric ethnicity, and determined disease characteristics and response to pre-operative chemotherapy.LABC was prevalent (20%), and had a low pathological response rate to pre-operative chemotherapy, with ahigh risk of disease recurrence. Increased utilization of breast cancer screening may help detect cancer at lessadvanced stages, and optimizing pre-operative chemotherapy is recommended to improve response rates andultimately survival.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29081_e72b66e864535abf56b050c98591356c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Clinicopathological Evaluation of Odontogenic Tumours in Pakistan - A Seven Years Retrospective Study3327333029082ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> The purpose of the study was to analyse the clinicopathological spectrum of benign and malignantodontogenic tumours (OT) in Pakistan. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: This retrospective study was carried out at theArmed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi. Seven years archival records of histologically diagnosedodontogenic tumours, both benign and malignant, were collected and the lesions re-diagnosed histologically inaccordance with the WHO classification of head and neck tumours (2005). Clinical as well as histological datawere analysed and frequency of each type of OT was calculated using computer software programme SPSS(version 17). Mean tumour size was calculated and Chi-square test was applied to find associations of age, genderand site with each histological type of tumour. <br/><b>Results</b>: Only 1.7% of the odontogenic tumours diagnosed in thissaid period were malignant while the remaining 98.3% were benign. Amongst benign lesions, ameloblastomawas the most common (61.3%) type while primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (1.7%) was the onlyreported malignant tumour. Mean age of the affected patients was 31.7±16.7 years with posterior mandible as thecommonest site involved. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our study revealed ameloblastoma and primary intraosseous squamouscell carcinoma as the commonest diagnosed benign and malignant tumours respectively. There was a significantdifference in age and site of origin of different types of OT at the time of their presentation. However, all thetumours showed male predominance.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29082_9187e1fff2b1c008a040639a336ae23e.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Genetic Polymorphisms of TCF7L2 Lack Influence on Risk of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - a Systemic Analysis3331333329083ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> The results of previous researches that analyzed the association between genetic polymorphismsof transcription factor-7-like 2 (TCF7L2, rs7903146) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were conflicting.Current systematic analysis was conducted to re-explore this association using updated materials. Materials and<br/><b>Methods</b>: The PubMed database was used for data collection and the final search was conducted on January3, 2014. For TCF7L2 rs7903146, a non-signficiant slight increase in risk of PCOS development was observedunder three genetic models (dominant model: OR=1.06, 95%CI: 0.93-1.21, p>0.05; recessive model: OR=1.12,95%CI: 0.87-1.43, p> 0.05; homozygous model: OR=1.14, 95%CI: 0.87-1.47, p>0.05). In the subgroup analysesin Asian group, allele susceptibility of PCOS was calculated (allele model: OR=1.00, 95%CI: 0.74-1.35, p>0.05;dominant model: OR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.71-1.35, p>0.05; recessive model: OR=1.79, 95%CI: 0.33-9.84, p>0.05;homozygous model: OR=1.78, 95%CI: 0.32-9.80, p>0.05), the differences were again not statistically significant.<br/><b>Conclusions</b>: The findings of this systemic analysis suggest that the polymorphism of TCF7L2 rs7903146 maynot be associated with the susceptibility to PCOS.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29083_ecae4f8fae6265bf438b7ffda29d3021.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-736815720140701Clinical Observations on Associations Between the UGT1A1 Genotype and Severe Toxicity of Irinotecan3335334129084ENJournal Article19700101<b>Background:</b> Severe toxicity is commonly observed in cancer patients receiving irinotecan (CPT-11)UDPglucuronosyltransferase1A1 (UGT1A1) catalyzes the glucuronidation of the active metabolite SN-38 but therelationship between UGT1A1 and severe toxicity remains unclear. Our study aimed to assess this point to guideclinical use of CPT-11. Materials and <br/><b>Methods</b>: 89 cancer patients with advanced disease received CPT-11-basedchemotherapy for at least two cycles. Toxicity, including GI and hematologic toxicity was recorded in detail andUGT1A1 variants were genotyped. Regression analysis was used to analyse relationships between these variablesand tumor response. <br/><b>Results</b>: The prevalence of grade III-IV diarrhea was 10.1%, this being more common inpatients with the TA 6/7 genotype (5 of 22 patients, 22.7%) (p<0.05). The prevalence of grade III-IV neutropeniawas 13.4%and also highest in patients with the TA 6/7 genotype (4 of 22 patients; 18.2%) but without significance(p>0.05). The retreatment total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in TA6/7 patients (mean, 12.75μmol/L)with compared to TA6/6 (mean, 9.92 μmol/L) with p<0.05. <br/><b>Conclusions</b>: Our study support the conclusion thatpatients with a UGT1A1*28 allele (s) will suffer an increased risk of severe irinotecan-induced diarrhea, whetherwith mid-or low-dosage. However, the UGT1A1*28 allele (s) did not increase severe neutropenia. Higher serumtotal bilirubin is an indication that patients UGT1A1 genotype is not wild-type, with significance for clinic usageof CPT-11.https://journal.waocp.org/article_29084_13d7e4267df5ebd5c18ec7a2442ba885.pdf