West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Cancer Screening Awareness and Practice in a Middle Income Country; A Systematic Review from Iran318731945435810.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3187ENAzamMajidiDigestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SomayyeMajidiCancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran,
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SomayyeSalimzadehDigestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MaryamKhazaee-PoolDepartment of Health Promotion and Health Education, Zanjan University of
Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.AlirezaSadjadiDigestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.HamidehSalimzadehDigestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AlirezaDelavariDigestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170416 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Ageing population and noticeable changes in lifestyle in developing countries like Iran caused an increase in cancer incidence. This requires organized cancer prevention and screening programs in population level, but most importantly community should be aware of these programs and willing to use them. This study explored existing evidence on public awareness and practice, as well as, adherence to cancer screening in Iranian population. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Major English databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and domestic Persian databases i.e., SID, Magiran, and Barakat search engines were searched. All publications with focus on Iranian public awareness about cancer prevention, screening, and early detection programs which were published until August 2015, were explored in this systematic review. For this purpose, we used sensitive Persian phrases/key terms and English keywords which were extracted from medical subject headings (MeSH). Taking PRISMA guidelines into considerations eligible documents, were evaluated and abstracted by two separate reviewers. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We found 72 articles relevant to this topic. Screening tests were known to, or being utilized by only a limited number of Iranians. Most Iranian women relied </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">on physical examination particularly self-examination, instead of taking mammogram, as the most standard test to find </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">breast tumors. Less than half of the average-risk adult populations were familiar with colorectal cancer risk factors and its screening tests, and only very limited number of studies reported taking at least one time colonoscopy or FOBT, at most 5.0% and 15.0%, respectively. Around half of women were familiar with cervical cancer and Pap-smear test with less than 45% having completed at least one lifetime test. The lack of health insurance coverage was a barrier to participate in screening tests. Furthermore some people would not select to be screened only because they do not know how or where they can receive these services. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Low awareness and suboptimal use of screening tests in Iran calls for effective programs to enhance intention and compliance to screening, improving the patient-physician communication, identifying barriers for screening and providing tailored public awareness and screening programs. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_54358_ab1da29e5f27de6c53f55e926d646134.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasonography and 99mTc-Sestamibi Scintigraphy for Parathyroid Adenoma in Primary Hyperparathyroidism; Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis319532005352610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3195ENRezaNafisi MoghadamDepartment of Radiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Amir PashaAmelshahbazDepartment of Radiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.NasimNamiranianYazd Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.MohamadSobhan-ArdekaniDepartment of Radiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.MahmoodEmami-MeybodiDepartment of Cardiology, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.AliDehghanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Afshar
Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.MasoudRahmanianYazd Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Seid KazemRazavi-RatkiDepartment of Radiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.Journal Article20170502 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Ultrasonography (US) and parathyroid scintigraphy (PS) with 99mTc-MIBI are common methods for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas but there discrepancies exist with regard to diagnostic accuracy. The aim of the study was to compare PS and US for localization of parathyroid adenoma with a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Pub Med, Scopus (EMbase), Web of Science and the reference lists of all included studies were searched up to 1st January 2016. The search strategy was according PICO characteristics. Heterogeneity between the studies was accounted by P < 0.1. Point estimates were pooled estimate of sensitivity, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">specificity and positive predictive value of SPECT and ultrasonography with 99% confidence intervals (CIs) by pooling </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">available data. Data analysis was performed using Meta-DiSc software (version 1.4). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Among 188 studies and after deletion of duplicated studies (75), a total of 113 titles and abstracts were studied. From these, 12 studies were </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">selected. The meta-analysis determined a pooled sensitivity for scintigraphy of 83% [99% confidence interval (CI) 96.358 -97.412] and for ultra-sonography of 80% [99% confidence interval (CI) 76-83]. Similar results for specificity </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">were also obtained for both approache. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">According this meta- analysis, there were no significant differences between the two methods in terms of sensitivity and specificity. There were overlaps in 99% confidence intervals. Also </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">features of the two methods are similar. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53526_61d0a9a16a125b0284f4532c85899968.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Breast Cancer Risk From Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors among Women in Southeast Asia: A Meta-Analysis320132065379110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3201ENRicvan DanaNindreaDoctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.0000-0002-1844-3323TeguhAryandonoFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.0000-0002-1143-4125LutfanLazuardiFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.Journal Article20171011 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this study was to determine breast cancer risk from modifiable and non-modifiable factors among women in Southeast Asia. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This meta-analysis was performed on research articles on breast cancer risk factors in PubMed, ProQuest and EBSCO databases published between 1997 and October 2017. Pooled odds ratios (OR) are calculated using fixed and random-effect models. Data were processed using Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">From a total of 1,211 articles, 15 studies (1 cohort and 14 case control studies) met the criteria for systematic review. Meta-analysis results showed that of the known modifiable risk factors for breast cancer, parity (nulipara) had the highest odd ratio (OR = 1.85 [95% CI 1.47-2.32]) followed by body mass index (overweight) (OR = 1.61 [95% CI 1.43-1.80]) and use of oral contraceptives (OR = 1.27 [95% CI 1.07-1.51]). Of non-modifiable risk factors, family history of breast cancer had the highest odd ratio (OR = 2.53 [95% CI 1.25-5.09]), followed by age (≥ 40 years) (OR = 1.53 [95% CI 1.34-1.76]) and menopausal status (OR = 1.44 [95% CI 1.26-1.65]). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This analysis confirmed associations between both modifiable risk factors (parity, body mass index and use of oral contraceptives) and non-modifiable risk factors (family history of breast cancer, age and menopausal status) with breast cancer. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53791_09572068e92e8c32cc266325de843011.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Positive Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression, Anxiety and Stress of Family Caregivers of Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial320732125316010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3207ENMiladBorjiDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.HassanNourmohammadiMedical Oncologist and Hematologist, Department of Internal
Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.MasoumehOtaghiDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.Amir HoseinSalimiStudent Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.AsmaTarjomanStudent Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.Journal Article20161010 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The family caregivers of patients with cancer mightexperience various physical, mental, and </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">spiritual difficulties, the neglect of which can causeseriousproblems for theentirefamily. If caregivers are left without </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">appropriate treatment and intervention, their level of physical and mental health will substantially decrease-they will, in other words, become"hidden patients." </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The current study is a clinical trial of 80 family caregivers of patients with prostate cancer, who were allocated to control and experimental groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of group cognitive behavioral therapy. The 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were completed before the intervention as well4 and 8 weeks after. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) andvariousstatistical tests. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results showed thatthecognitivebehavioral intervention reduceddepression, anxiety, and stress among familycaregivers. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Because of the positive impact of this intervention, its implementation in clinical care by nurses is recommended. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53160_5059e89d79f0a5e054507428c01eb8dd.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Pattern of Pediatric Oncology Cases in the Western Region of Nepal321332155352510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3213ENPramod KumarYadavDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Cancer Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal.BrijeshSathianDepartment of Community Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Cancer Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal.0000-0003-0851-4762RishiSherchanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Cancer Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal.HudaFatimaDow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PakistanKirshnaSharanDepartment
of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College – Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal, India.Syed AtherHussainDow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PakistanRachitChawlaSt. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.AhmedAlsayyahDepartment
of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.AlankritaTanejaArmed Forces Medical
College, Pune, India.Journal Article20170104 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Childhood cancers form a rare and heterogeneous group which fortunately have a higher cure rate than adult </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">cancers. A few non-profit organizations in Nepal have extended support to help patients suffering from cancer, but </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">their main focus has been on adults. The objective of this study was to establish the pattern of childhood cancers in the Western region of Nepal. We reviewed cases receiving external radiotherapy with both palliative and curative intent between 28th September 2010 and 30th September 2015 at the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Manipal </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Teaching Hospital affiliated with Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. Of the total of 1217 cases, </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">2.71% involved children. The gender distribution showed a male preponderance (M:F= 1.35:1). The patients’ mean age was 11.4 years (range 2 - 14 years). Considering the caste, Brahmins and Gurungs constituted 33.0% and 21.2%, respectively, of children with cancer. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53525_5abca072728990300a896fb748096590.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Knowledge, Attitudes, Preventive Practices and Screening Intention about Colorectal Cancer and the Related Factors among Residents in Guangzhou, China321732235379510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3217ENMin-YiWangDepartment of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.Guo-ZhenLinCenter for Disease Control and
Prevention of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.YanLiCenter for Disease Control and
Prevention of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.HangDongCenter for Disease Control and
Prevention of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.Yu-HuangLiaoDepartment of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.Hua-ZhangLiuCenter for Disease Control and
Prevention of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.Ze-FangRenDepartment of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.Journal Article20170407 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In Guangzhou, China, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer. The government initiated a CRC screening program in 2015, and investigating the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward CRC would help facilitate the participation of the program. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2014 to September 2015. Questionnaires were passed out with a cluster sample in 15 randomly selected primary schools of Guangzhou China, and one of each student’s family members aged between 20 to 65 years old were included. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 6839 questionnaires were obtained and the successful response rate was 78.5%. The majority (88.3%) of them were under 46 years old and female subjects accounted for 65.8%. Over 80% of the respondents knew that CRC was able to be cured by early diagnosis and treatment and that tobacco use, alcohol abuse, and dietary without enough fruits or vegetables may increase the risk of CRC, although a few knowledge scores were relatively low, such as physical exercise as a protective factor and bowel habits change as a symptom suggestive of CRC. In contrast, only 52.2% of the subjects were sure to participate in a future CRC screening provided by local government. We further found that the higher level of knowledge about CRC risk and positive cancer preventive attitude and practice were associated with higher education level, female gender, and positive family history. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">These results suggested that the priority may be laid on improving the conversion from knowledge to practice to implement screening program in Guangzhou, while efforts should also be made to improve public awareness about CRC. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53795_00fb3af962d9b41175e2c75127a21d78.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Concentration- Dependent Effects of Curcumin on 5-Fluorouracil Efficacy in Bladder Cancer Cells322532305378310.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3225ENNoushinAfsharmoghadamDeptartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.ZahraHaghighatianDeptartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.HamidMazdakDepartment of Urology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.NooshinMirkheshtiDepartment of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Maryland, USA.RaziehMehrabi KoushkiEast Sage Research Corporation, Isfahan Science and Technology Town, Isfahan, Iran.Sayyed AliAlaviEast Sage Research Corporation, Isfahan Science and Technology Town, Isfahan, Iran.Journal Article20170413 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Purpose: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Curcumin (Cur), a herbal ingredient with anticancer properties, has been shown to inhibit growth of malignant cells in vivo and in vitro. However, studies on combination therapy of Cur with chemotherapeutic drugs have been limited. Here, effects of Cur on the cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil (FU) were investigated with epithelial bladder cancer cells (EJ138) in vitro. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">EJ138 cells were treated with 5 and 15 μM of Cur and/ or 100 μM of FU. Cell viability was measured by sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. The glucose concentration as an index of cell metabolism was evaluated by an enzymatic method. Total oxidant and antioxidant capacities were estimated by the ferrous oxidation-xylenol (FOX1) method and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), respectively. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Combination of 5 μM Cur with FU significantly reduced its cytotoxicity in EJ138 cells, while 15 μM Cur caused an opposite increase. Significant increase in glucose concentration at 24 h and decrease in the FRAP value at 48 h incubation was observed in cells treated with FU in combination with Cur. There were no significant changes in total </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">oxidant capacity with the combination therapy. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our findings suggest a crucial role of Cur concentration </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in regulating chemotherapeutic agent-induced cytotoxicity. Further investigations are needed to understand the precise mechanisms of action of Cur and determine appropriate doses with combination therapy for clinical application against human cancers. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53783_6e76e7269279580996a48cde8eb122a6.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Cellular and Molecular Changes in MNU-Induced Breast Tumours Injected with PF4 or bFGF323132385378410.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3231ENSiti NorasikinMohd NafiDepartment of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.0000-0002-0642-0909FauziahIdrisDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.HasnanJaafarDepartment of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.Journal Article20170525 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Angiogenic activity has been considered to reflect important molecular events during breast tumour </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">development. The present study concerned cellular and molecular changes of MNU-induced breast tumours subjected to promotion and suppression of angiogenesis. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Female Sprague Dawley rats at the age of 21 days received MNU at the dose 70 mg/kg of body weight by intraperitoneal injection. Three months post-carcinogen initiation, mammary tumours were palpated and their growth was monitored. When the tumour diameter reached 1.0 ± 0.05 cm, rats were given bFGF or PF4 intratumourally at a dose of 10 μg/tumour. Entire palpable tumour were subsequently excised and subjected to histology examination, IHC staining, and RT-PCR. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">No critical morphological changes were observed between pro-angiogenic factor, bFGF, and control groups. However, increase of tumour size with more necrotic and diffuse areas was notable in tumours after anti-angiogenic PF4 intervention. ER and PR mRNA expression </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">was significantly up- and down-regulated in bFGF and PF4 groups, respectively. The trends were significantly associated </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">with peri- and intratumoural MVD counts. However, irrespective of whether we promoted or inhibited angiogenesis, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the expression of EGFR and ERBB2 continued to be significantly increased but this was not significantly associated with the MVD score. No significant differences in E-cadherin and LR gene expression were noted between intervention </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and control groups. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">ER and PR receptor expression shows consistent responses when tumour angiogenesis is manipulated either positively or negatively. Our study adds to current understanding that not only do we need to target hormonal receptors, as presently practiced, but we also need to target endothelial receptors to successfully treat breast cancer. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53784_eac0862cb24ab9e297fc77f4dca4fe6b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Risk Factors for Invasive Fungal Infection among Thai Oncologic Patients with Febrile Neutropenia and Cutaneous Presentation: A 5-Year Retrospective Study in Southern Thailand323932435316110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3239ENKumpolAiempanakitDivision of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand.0000-0001-5256-827XSuraritNaorungrojDivision of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand.KanokphornChiratikarnwongDivision of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand.SauvaratAuepemkiateDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand.BenjawanApinantriyoHematology Unit, Bangkok Hospital Hatyai, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand.0000-0001-7686-3804Journal Article20170605 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Febrile neutropenia (FNP) is a condition defined by fever and neutropenia. There are current only limited data on related cutaneous manifestations. This study aimed to assess cutaneous lesions and their etiologies in a Thai group of FNP patients. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A retrospective analysis was conducted on 43 non-transplant febrile neutropenic patients with concurrent cutaneous lesions, as determined by dermatopathologic studies at Songklanagarind Hospital </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in Thailand over a five-year period. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The mean age was 39 years (SD: 18.8). Approximately 60% were male. The most common underlying disease was a hematologic neoplasm. Twenty-one of the participants had developed FNP within 7.5±8.7 days after presenting with skin lesions. Twenty-two participants had skin lesions 9.0±11.1 days after FNP </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">diagnosis. Cutaneous manifestations were mostly in the form of multiple lesions (67.4%), of which the most common </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">were nodular skin lesions (37.2%) presenting on the lower extremities of the body (58.1%). The dermatopathologic diagnoses included infections which were almost all fungal and leukemia cutis. The development of skin lesions after FNP proved to be a statistically significant risk factor for fungal infection (OR 8.13, P = 0.009), whereas age (over 40 years) proved to be a statistically significant protective factor (OR 0.20, P = 0.04). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">There are a variety </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of cutaneous manifestations in FNP, of which the most common were cutaneous nodular skin lesions in the lower </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">extremities. The most frequent infection was fungal in patients under 40 who had developed skin lesions after FNP. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53161_7ee8caedf54e1bb28afd93d5ed576e9e.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Lack of Associations between TLR9 and MYD88 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia324532505316510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3245ENYasser B.MAliMolecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt.0000-0003-1153-2806Rasha MFoadMolecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt.EssamAbdel-WahedHematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ein Shams University, Egypt.Journal Article20170606 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Genetic factors like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may play an important role in the etiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Mutations in Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) genes may lead to an abnormal immune response that may cause greater cell proliferation and thus alter an individual’s susceptibility to haematological malignancies including CLL. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This work was designed to study any association of the TLR9 (rs2066807C/G and rs187084T/C) and MYD88 (L265P) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with risk of CLL in Egyptians. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">One hundred patients with CLL and 100 healthy controls from the Egyptian population were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) method. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">With TLR9 rs2066807C/G the CC genotype was more frequent in both control and patient groups while for TLR9 rs187084T/C the TT genotype was most common. There were no </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">significant associations with CLL risk. With MYD88 (L265P) only the TT genotype was detected. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our preliminary data suggest that polymorphisms in the TLR9 and MYD88 genes may not contribute to CLL susceptibility. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first dealing with TLR9 and MYD88 gene polymorphisms in CLL </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">patients. Further studies with larger sample size should be conducted to validate these results in the Egyptian population. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53165_e924213093eab5434cebc4f305e8e9e1.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Inter- and Intra-Observer Variability in Diagnosis of Oral Dysplasia325132545316410.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3251ENShubhasini ARDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K.L.E.Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.0000-0001-8385-4826PraveenB NDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K.L.E.Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.0000-0001-5287-8323UshaHegdeDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, JSS Dental College, Mysore, India.UmaKDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K.L.E.Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.ShubhaGDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K.L.E.Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.KeerthiGDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K.L.E.Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.ShiladityaSilDepartment of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K.L.E.Society’s Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.Journal Article20170608 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are lesions from which malignancy is more likely to develop that from other tissues. The potential for malignant transformation of OPMDs is estimated by determining the degree of dysplastic changes in the epithelium. Dysplasia grading has been criticized for lack of reproducibility and poor predictive value but is still considered the gold standard for diagnosing OPMDs. Since grading of dysplasia is based on architectural and cytological changes, there can be considerable inter- and intra-observer variability due to subjective impressions. This aim in this study was to assess the degree of agreement between two pathologists grading dysplasia in the same patients and review the existing grading system. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In this </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">hospital-based cross-sectional study, 100 patients with clinically diagnosed OPMDs were subjected to biopsy followed by histopathological examination. The slides were examined by two pathologists using WHO and binary systems of classification and both were blinded to the clinical and each other’s histological diagnosis. For statistical analysis the </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Chi square test was applied. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Statistical analysis showed poor inter-observer variability with P values of 0.8 using the WHO classification and 0.3 using the binary classification. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our study provides evidence that </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the existing systems for grading dysplasia are not competent to rule out subjectivity. There is a need for a classification </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">system that can overcome this drawback. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53164_2da8cca626fe977daee0a4daeed5f4df.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Phosphorylated Akt Protein at Ser473 Enables HeLa Cells to Tolerate Nutrient-Deprived Conditions325532605380110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3255ENMoustafaFathyDepartment of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.SureshAwaleDivision of Natural Drug Discovery, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.ToshioNikaidoDepartment of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.Journal Article20170611 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Despite angiogenesis, many tumours remain hypovascular and starved of nutrients while continuing </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">to grow rapidly. The specific biochemical mechanisms associated with starvation resistance, austerity, may be new </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">biological characters of cancer that are critical for cancer progression. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This study aim was to investigate the effect of nutrient starvation on HeLa cells and the possible mechanism by which the cells are able to tolerate nutrient-deprived conditions. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Nutrient starvation was achieved by culturing HeLa cells in nutrient-deprived medium (NDM) and cell survival was estimated by using cell counting kit-8. The effect of starvation on cell cycle </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">distribution and the quantitative analysis of apoptotic cells were investigated by flow cytometry using propidium </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">iodide staining. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of Akt and phosphorylated Akt at Ser<sup>473</sup> (Ser</span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">473</span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p-Akt) proteins. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HeLa cells displayed extremely long survival when cultured in NDM. The percentage </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of apoptotic HeLa cells was significantly increased by starvation in a time-dependent manner. A significant increase in </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the expression of Ser</span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">473</span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p-Akt protein after starvation was also observed. Furthermore, it was found that Akt inhibitor III molecule inhibited the cells proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Results of the present study provide evidence that Akt activation may be implicated in the tolerance of HeLa cells for nutrient starvation and may help to suggest new therapeutic strategies designed to prevent austerity of cervical cancer cells through inhibition of Akt activation. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53801_9deb7ce50ce85b994b7a94b7c4381bae.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Knowledge and Perceptions about Cancer Treatment-associated Infertility among Young Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan326132655378510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3261ENAsif HusainOsmaniDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.GhulamHaiderDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.ShaharzadAliDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.FaizaAliDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.MunazzaIrfanDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.DurE FatimaDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.Journal Article20170617 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Introduction: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Infertility after cancer treatment can cause significant emotional stress and grief for cancer survivors. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In this study we assessed knowledge and perceptions among young cancer patients regarding the topic of cancer and infertility related to different treatment options. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Material and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This cross-sectional study was conducted on young cancer patients in the Clinical Oncology Department, JPMC, Karachi, from January to August 2013. Patients were </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">requested to fill in questionnaires. Comparisons between gender and age groups were performed using the Student’s t test and Pearson’s Chi-squared. Significance was concluded with a two tailed p-value less than 0.05</span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">. Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The survey included 368 cancer patients, 194 males and 174 females. Ninety percent of respondents of either gender were not aware that cancer or cancer treatment can cause infertility, this being age dependent (P=0.06). However, on being made aware, 98% of males and 91% of females wanted their oncologist to discuss treatment-related infertility prior to initiating cancer treatment (P=0.005) and 92% and 78%, respectively, wanted to consider fertility preservation techniques prior to treatment (P<0.0001). Of age groups 15-30 years and 31-50 years, 91 % and 81% wanted to consider FP prior to cancer treatment (P =0.011). Among 226 married individuals, 89% males and 79% females underestimated that effects that infertility issues might have on their relationships with their spouses. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We recommend physicians and oncology care givers to initiate discussion of the topic of cancer and treatment-related infertility with young cancer patients during their initial management planning. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53785_e9bb643cc1218a402955781f950e7209.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Seroepidemiological Study of Hepatitis B, C and HIV among Blood Donors in Kerman326732725385910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3267ENMajidMohsenizadehDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.Hamid RezaMollaeiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.0000-0001-6874-0011MotaharehGhazizadehResearch Center in Kerman Blood Transfusion Organization, Kerman, Iran.Journal Article20170618 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Infections transmitted through blood transfusions are the most important issue associated with blood donation. We aimed to provide an assessment of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among blood donors in Kerman province of Iran. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Between 2014-2016, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">99,187 samples were examined in a retrospective study in five blood transfusion centers in Kerman province. Serologic screening for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV1/2 was conducted for all samples and positive cases were confirmed. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Result: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The positives with the initial serological screening tests for HBsAg , anti-HCV and HIV 1/2 numbered 524, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">409 and 285, respectively, and based on confirmation tests, final results were 196 , 72 and 1. The highest prevalences of </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">HBV and HCV were reported as 0.36% in Jiroft city and 0.1% in Rafsanjan city. Co- infection with HBV and HCV was observed in the city of Sirjan. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Blood-borne viral infections in people with low education levels were more common. The prevalence in Kerman province was low as compared to previous studies carried out in other regions of Iran. Application of standard operating procedures, with updated equipment, as well as planning for the use of molecular methods are necessary for the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, to monitor blood-transmitted infections. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53859_4de85790dbb483147454be61f6ce6c01.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Aloe-Emodin Influence on the Lysosomal Compartment of Hela Cells327332795380210.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3273ENWojciechTrybusDepartment of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.GrzegorzKrólFaculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Szturmowa 1/3, 02-678, Warsaw,, Poland.EwaTrybusDepartment of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.AnnaStachurskaDepartment of Immunohaematology,
Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Poland.AnnaKopacz- BednarskaDepartment of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.TeodoraKrólDepartment of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.Journal Article20170619 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Aloe-emodin belongs to the group of anthraquinones having extremely high biological activity. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this study was to evaluate the range of morphological and biochemical changes in HeLa cells treated with </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">aloe-emodin, especially with regard to the lysosomal compartment. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Marking of lysosomes was performed with neutral red staining for conventional light microscopy and acridine orange staining for confocal microscopy. To evaluate ctivity of lysosomal enzymes and permeability of the lysosomal membrane, spectrophotometric techniques were employed. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Aloe-emodin caused increased permeability of lysosomal membranes in HeLa cells, expressed </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">inter alia by extinction of the orange color of acridine orange (lysosomal marker) and in reduction of neutral red uptake by lysosomes. These changes are accompanied by release of cathepsins from the interior of the lysosomes with a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">simultaneous highly significant increase in their activity in the cytoplasm. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results indicate that aloe-</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">emodin can activate lysosomal pathway-dependent apoptosis in HeLa cells. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53802_33b5551406ffe414da9baf9804759ccc.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201The Correlates of Kidney Dysfunction – Tumour Nephrectomy Database (CKD-TUNED) Study: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study328132855316610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3281ENRobert JEllisKidney Disease Research Group, Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.Sharon JDel VecchioKidney Disease Research Group, Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.Keng LimNgKidney Disease Research Group, Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.Evan POwensKidney Disease Research Group, Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.UQ NHMRC Chronic Kidney Disease Centre for Research Excellence (CKD.QLD), University of Queensland School of Population Health and Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.Jeff SCoombesUQ NHMRC Chronic Kidney Disease Centre for Research Excellence (CKD.QLD), University of Queensland School of Population Health and Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.ChristudasMoraisKidney Disease Research Group, Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.Ross SFrancisKidney Disease Research Group, Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.Simon TWoodKidney Disease Research Group, Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.Glenda CGobeKidney Disease Research Group, Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.UQ NHMRC Chronic Kidney Disease Centre for Research Excellence (CKD.QLD), University of Queensland School of Population Health and Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.Journal Article20170620 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Tumour nephrectomy conveys a significant risk of adverse renal functional outcomes postoperatively, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">however there are limited strategies for predicting patients at increased risk of these outcomes. The Correlates of Kidney Dysfunction – Tumour Nephrectomy Database (CKD-TUNED) study is a prospective observational study evaluating the risk of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease in tumour nephrectomy patients. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The CKD-TUNED study involves analysis of clinical data and collection of tissue, urine and blood samples for the purposes of forming a tissue repository resource for future investigation. Recruitment began in 2013 and is expected to continue until 2023, with a projected sample size between 700-1000 subjects. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">All relevant ethics and site-specific </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">approvals have been granted and all relevant infrastructure is in place. Study methods are undergoing validation and </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">refinement. As of June 2017 there are 267 participants enrolled in the study. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">It is anticipated that this study will have the potential to identify risk factors for adverse renal functional outcomes following tumour nephrectomy, which can be used in the development of predictive models with clinical utility, and in turn improve patient outcomes. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53166_8047a0a034d2eb532f2c588330f0ac04.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Prognostic Significance of Indicators of Systemic Inflammatory Responses in Glioblastoma Patients328732915380310.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3287ENVildanKayaMedstar Antalya Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Antalya, Turkey.MustafaYıldırımBahçeşehir University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, Medicalpark Gaziantep Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.GözdeYazıcıHacettepe University, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.AyşenYeşim YalçınSuleyman Demirel University, Department of Radiation Oncology, Isparta, Turkey.NuriOrhanMedicalpark Gaziantep Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Gaziantep, Turkey.AslanGüzelBahçeşehir University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Medicalpark Gaziantep Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.Journal Article20170624 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">High-grade gliomas, with glioblastomas as the most frequently observed histologic subtype, are </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">the most common primary brain tumours in adults. It is considered that inflammatory responses play a major role in malignancies, including tumour progression. This study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the thrombocyte to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as indicators of systemic inflammatory </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">response (SIR) in glioblastoma patients. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 90 patients treated for glioblastoma were retrospectively </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">evaluated. Absolute counts were used to generate NLR and PLR. A SIR was considered to be present with an NLR ≥5 and/or PLR ≥150. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Median follow-up time was 11.3 months (range: 1-70 months). The 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 55.2% and 19.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that there was no correlation between overall survival and gender (p=0.184), comorbid disease (p = 0.30), clinical presentation (p = 0.884), or tumour </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">lateralization (p = 0.159). Multivariate analysis showed that overall survival was significantly correlated with SIR based </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">on NLR (HR: 2.41), and ECOG performance status (HR: 1.53). The prognostic factors that affected survival, other than SIR, were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (p = 0.003), and tumour localization </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(p = 0.006). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The present findings confirm that NLR based on peripheral blood counts prior to treatment can </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">be used as a prognostic factor in patients with glioblastoma. Since tumour aggression increases and survival decreases as the NLR value rises, choice of treatment modality is facilitated for glioblastoma patients. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53803_536386ad2e966470da0128013a1d841f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201BRCA1 Promoter Methylation and Expression - Associations with ER+, PR+ and HER2+ Subtypes of Breast Carcinoma329332995319810.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3293ENMohitKumarDepartment of Pathology, University Of Delhi, Delhi, India.Ram KrishnaSahuDivision of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (ICMR), I-7 Sector 39, Noida, Utter Pradesh, India.AditiGoyalDepartment of Pathology, University Of Delhi, Delhi, India.SonalSharmaDepartment of Pathology, University Of Delhi, Delhi, India.NavneetKaurDepartment of Surgery UCMS and GTB Hospital, University Of Delhi, Delhi, India.RaviMehrotraDivision of Molecular Cytology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (ICMR), I-7 Sector 39, Noida,
Utter Pradesh, India.0000-0001-9453-1408Usha RaniSinghDepartment of Pathology, University Of Delhi, Delhi, India.SureshHedauDivision of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (ICMR), I-7 Sector 39, Noida, Utter Pradesh, India.0000-0002-9576-1341Journal Article20170707 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Introduction: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Considering the increasing trend in incidence rates, morbidity and mortality of breast cancer, there is an urgent need to identify and validate new biomarkers for early detection and better management. The purpose of the study was to investigate BRCA1 protein expression and promoter methylation of the BRCA1 gene and their association with molecular subtypes based on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 114 breast cancer tissue biopsies were collected </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">for methylation specific PCR (MSP) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Seven tissue microarrays were constructed. BRCA1 protein expression was reduced in 55/114 (48.2%) and in the majority of ER-negative tumors (73.3%) (p<0.001). Similarly BRCA1 expression was reduced in the majority of PR-negative tumors (69.2%) but </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">without statistical significance (p value=0.083). BRCA1 methylation was positive in 59.6% cases. A subset regarding ER+, PR+ and HER2+ was identified which consisted of 31.6% in which an inverse relationship between BRCA1 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">methylation and protein expression was noted. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Reduced expression was associated with ER and PR negative status which is linked with a poor prognosis. BRCA1 protein expression might thus be used as a prognostic indicator to predict treatment response to hormone therapy. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53198_74ab3d159ae216bb42ea659be59a0f4c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Astrocyte Elevated Gene 1 (AEG-1): A Promising Candidate for Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas330133055316910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3301ENMaryamSeyedmajidiDental Materials Research Center, Institute of Health, Babol University of Medical Siences, Babol, Iran.ShabnamSohanianStudents Research Committee, Institute of Health, Babol University of Medical Siences, Babol, Iran.0000-0002-1941-5519HamidAbbaszadeh BidokhtiDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Siences, Babol, Iran.DariushMoslemiDepartment of Oncology , Babol University of Medical Siences, Babol, Iran.AliBijaniNon-communicable Pediatrics Diseases Research Center, Institute of Health, Babol University of Medical Siences, Babol, Iran.Journal Article20170712 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1), also known as metadherin, is an oncogene which is overexpressed in various types of cancer, playing important roles in invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance. Hence it might be used as a therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of AEG-1 as a novel molecular marker in oral squamous cell carcinomas and establish correlations with clinicopathologic factors. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: T</span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">hirty formalin fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of OSCC cases and 30 samples of normal oral mucosa with minimal inflammation were selected and stained immunohistochemically for AEG-1. Staining intensity and </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">percentage of stained cells were scored according to nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of epithelial cells. Relationship between immunoreactivity and clinicopathologic factors were examined by T-test and Mann-Whitney. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">AEG-1 expression in OSCCs was greater than in normal oral mucosa (P<0.05). However, nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of AEG-1 was not associated with any of the clinicopathologic factors, age and gender of patients, tumor location, smoking history, tumor staging and grading, metastasis to lymph nodes and distant metastasis ( P>0.05). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The current results support some role of AEG-1 in genesis of oral squamous cell carcinomas. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53169_c6d01df7062e1ab1bc106c88acdadc12.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Utility of 5-Methylcytosine Immunohistochemical Staining to Assess Global DNA Methylation and Its Prognostic Impact in MDS Patients330733135316710.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3307ENDineshChandraDepartment of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.SeemaTyagiDepartment of Hematology,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.JasdeepSinghDepartment of Hematology,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.RoopamDekaDepartment of Hematology,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.0000-0001-9899-758XPrabhuManivannanDepartment of Pathology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.PravasMishraDepartment of Hematology,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.Hara PrasadPatiDepartment of Hematology,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.RenuSaxenaDepartment of Hematology,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.Journal Article20170717 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">DNA methylation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorders. It is reported to be an independent prognostic factor affecting overall survival (OS). Our aim was to analyze the role of global DNA methylation using an anti-5-methylcytosine (5-MC) antibody by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of bone marrow biopsy (BM Bx) specimens in MDS patients, assessing correlations with various clinical and biological prognostic factors. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Material and methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">A total of 59 MDS cases, classified as per the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 guidelines, were evaluated </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">over a period of 4 years. Clinical data were retrieved from departmental case records and anti-5-MC expression was </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">analyzed with formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections of BM Bx specimens of MDS patients and controls. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The median age at diagnosis was 52 years (15-85years). Patients were categorized into low risk (59%) and high risk (41%) according to International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). The median follow-up time was 10 months (1 to </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">37 months). We generated a methylation score (M-score) using anti-5-MC and with the derived cut-off of 30.5 from the receiver operator curve (ROC), there was a significant difference between the two groups in the percentage of BM blasts (p=0.01), WHO sub-type (p=0.01), IPSS (p=0.004), progression to AML (p=0.04) on univariate analysis. Interestingly, patients showing a high M-score (M-score ≥ 30.5) demonstrated a significantly shorter OS and progression to AML. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">However, on multivariate analysis, only BM blasts (p=0.01) and IPSS (p=0.02) remained independent variables for progression to AML and OS respectively. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Immunostaining with anti-5-MC antibody with BM Bx samples is a simple and cost effective technique to detect global methylation, a powerful tool to predict overall survival in patients with MDS. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53167_cd053b49e5e7e0f1ef2f155c13ad1e23.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Comparison of Salivary Antioxidants in Children with Primary Tooth Abscesses before and after Treatment in Comparison with Healthy Subjects331533185322610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3315ENAsgharZarbanDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.SediqeEbrahimipourDepartment of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Dental Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.Gholam-RezaSharifzadehSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.AnoushehRashed-MohasselPedodontist,
Private Practice, Mashhad, Iran.MinaBarkooiDentist, Birjand, IranJournal Article20170722 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Aim: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this study was to compare the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of children with primary molar </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">abscesses before and two weeks after extraction of the infected tooth. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Forty one children aged </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">between 3-6 years participatesd in this cross sectional study. The antioxidant activity of saliva was investigated in 20 patients with tooth abscesses affecting one of the first primary molars before and after tooth extraction in the case group and once in 21 children with no caries or dental problems in the control group. The FRAP (ferric reduction antioxidant power) method was used to measure the antioxidant power of salivary samples and TAC values were calculated. Data were analyzed with SPSS Version 16 using the paired t-test at a significance level of 0.05. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The mean antioxidant index increased in children after (509.2 ± 138.4) treatment (before 483.4 ± 183.6), but this difference was not significant (P=0.61). Also, there was no difference in the mean antioxidant index in control group (494.5±147.9) compared the study group before (P=0.83) and after (P=0.75) treatment. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Under the conditions of this study the total antioxidant capacity of saliva was not compromised in children with abscessed teeth. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53226_17bc5c2401f2a07d75ebe8c6fb0ae1ea.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Almost Complete Lack of Human Cytomegalovirus and Human papillomaviruses Genome in Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions in Shiraz, Southwest of Iran331933245319910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3319ENSaharBakhtiarizadehDepartment of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Seyed YounesHosseiniDepartment of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.RaminYaghobiTransplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.AliakbarSafaeiDepartment of Pathology,
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.JamalSarvariDepartment of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Journal Article20170723 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Breast cancer ranks as the most common cancer among women worldwide. There have been controversial reports regarding contributions of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to its development. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HPV and HCMV positivity in benign and malignant breast tumors. </span><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 150 breast cancers (invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas) and 150 non-malignant breast lesions (fibroadenomas, fibrocystic disease and adenosis) were examined. All samples were first deparafinized then subjected to commercial DNA extraction. The β-globin gene fragment was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the quality of extracted DNA. The presence of HPV and HCMV genomic DNA was determined using PCR and Real time PCR techniques, respectively. </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Results: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: small;">The mean ages of the test and control groups were 35.2 and 45 years, respectively. For HCMV, none of the malignant </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">lesions were positive and only 2 of the 150 benign samples demonstrated presence of the virus. No HPV genomic DNA was found in either malignant or benign cases. </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: small;">The results of this study indicated no relationship between HCMV or HPV infection with breast cancer development. Whether investigations in larger populations with longer follow-up might demonstrate any role remains unclear. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53199_9361b3b79cbecf7c44c0bdecbdb48c3b.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Quality of Life Determinants in Breast Cancer Patients in Central Rural India332533325317410.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3325ENNitinGanganeDepartment of Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, India.0000000301904215PravinKhairkarDepartment of Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, India.Anna-KarinHurtigEpidemiology and Global
Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, SE-901 85 Umea, Sweden.MiguelSan SebastiánEpidemiology and Global
Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, SE-901 85 Umea, Sweden.Journal Article20170725 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Introduction: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women throughout world, with incidence rates increasing in India. Improved survival in breast cancer patients has resulted in their quality of life (QOL) becoming an important issue. Identifying determinants for QOL may provide insights into how to improve their living conditions. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This study aimed to assess socio-demographic and clinical factors, as well as the role of self-efficacy, in relation to QOL </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">among women with breast cancer in rural India. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 208 female patients with infiltrating carcinoma </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of the breast participated in the study. A questionnaire was administered that included sections for socio-demographic characteristics, clinical stage of the cancer and patient delay in seeking health care. A standardized instrument to measure </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">self-efficacy was applied. To assess QOL, the WHOQOL – BREF instrument was used. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The overall mean </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">score for QOL was 59.3. For domain 1 (physical health) the mean score across all groups was 55.5, for psychological </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">health 58.2, for social relationships 63.2 and for environmental factors, 60.4. The environmental domain in QOL was negatively associated with lower education. Being divorced/widowed/unmarried had a negative association with the psychological health and social relationship dimensions, whereas higher income was positively associated with QOL </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">parameters such as psychology, social relationships and environmental factors. Self-efficacy was positively associated </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">with all four domains of QOL. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The present study demonstrated a moderate QOL in women with breast cancer in rural India. Young age, lack of education and being without a partner were negatively related to QOL, and </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">employment as casual and industrial workers, high monthly family income and higher self-efficacy were positively associated with QOL. A comprehensive public health initiative is required, including social, financial and environmental </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">support, that can provide better QOL for breast cancer survivors. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53174_fcebe73cc311803fa4a21baa56575239.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Effects of Damnacanthal and Nordamnacanthal on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Migration of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells333333415317110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3333ENGoharShaghayeghDepartment of Oral and craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Aied MAlabsiFaculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia.RolaAli-SaeedSchool of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource and Food Industry, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia.AbdulManaf AliSchool of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource and Food Industry, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia.Vui KingVincent-ChongOral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Nor HadianiIsmailFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.YFChoonOral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Rosnah BintiZainOral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Journal Article20170726 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the developed world, with one-third of people diagnosed with </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">cancer during their lifetime. Oral cancer commonly occurs involving the buccal mucosa (cheeks), tongue, floor of the mouth and lip. It is one of the most devastating and disfiguring of malignancies. </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Morinda citrifolia L.</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">, commonly known </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">as ‘noni’, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. It is native to the Pacific islands, Hawaii, Caribbean, Asia and Australia. </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">The plant displays broad curative effects in pharmacological studies. Damnacanthal (DAM) and Nordamnacanthal (NDAM), anthraquinone compounds isolated from the roots of </span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Morinda citrifolia L.</span></span></em><span style="font-size: small;">, has been used for the treatment of several chronic diseases including cancer. The objectives of this study were to evaluate cytotoxicity, morphological changes, cell death mode (apoptosis/necrosis), and cell migration induced by DAM and NDAM on the most common type of oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)cells. Anti-proliferative effects of these compounds against </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">OSCC cell lines were determined by MTT assay. The mode of cell death was analysed by phase contrast and fluorescent microscopy as well as flow cytometry. In addition, cell migration was assessed. The results showed that DAM and </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">NDAM exerted cytotoxicity against OSCC cells with IC</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">50 </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">values of 1.9 to >30 μg/ml after 72 h treatment. Maximum growth inhibition among the tested cell lines for both compounds was observed in H400 cells, and thus it was selected for further study. The study demonstrated inhibition of H400 OSCC cell proliferation, marked apoptotic morphological </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">changes, induction of early apoptosis, and inhibition of cell migration by DAM and NDAM. Therefore, this information suggests that these compounds from noni have potential for used as anti tumor agents for oral cancer therapy. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53171_d9193d3b86b6af0dc6c8c15293f5a1b9.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Synergistic Effect of Forbesione From Garcinia hanburyi in Combination with 5-Fluorouracil on Cholangiocarcinoma334333515222810.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3343ENParichartBoueroyDepartment of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care
Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.ChariyaHahnvajanawongDepartment of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care
Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.ThidarutBoonmarsLiver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care
Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Department of Parasitology, Khon Kaen University,
Khon Kaen 40002,Thailand.SunittaSaensa ArdDepartment of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care
Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.WareepornWattanawongdonDepartment of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care
Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.CharuphanKongsanthiaDepartment of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care
Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.KaninSalaoDepartment of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.SuwinWongwajanaDepartment of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.NatthineeAnantachokeCenter of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol
University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.VichaiReutrakulCenter of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.Journal Article20170809 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Chemotherapy for advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is largely ineffective; thus innovative combinations of chemotherapeutic agents and natural compounds represent a promising strategy. This study aimed to </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">investigate the synergistic effects of forbesione combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in hamster cholangiocarcinoma </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(Ham-1) cells both </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in vitro </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in vivo</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. The anti-tumor effects of 5-FU combined with forbesione </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in vitro </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">were determined using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and the effects </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in vivo </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">were assessed in transplanted Ham-1 allograph </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">models. Using ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) staining, the morphological changes of apoptotic cells was investigated. The expressions of apoptosis-related molecules after combined treatment with forbesione and 5-FU were determined using real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Forbesione or 5-FU alone inhibited proliferation </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of Ham-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner and their combination showed a synergistic proliferation inhibitory effect </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in vitro</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In vivo </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">studies, forbesione in combination with 5-FU exhibited greater inhibition of the tumor in the hamster model compared with treatment using either drug alone. Forbesione combined with 5-FU exerted stronger apoptotic </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">induction in Ham-1 cells than did single drug treatment. The combination of drugs strongly suppressed the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and procaspase-3 while enhancing the expression of p53, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), caspase-9 and caspase-3, compared with single drug treatments. These results explained the decreased expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) positive cells and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells in Ham-1 cell tumor tissues of the treated hamsters. There was no apparent systemic </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">toxicity observed in the treated animals compared with the control groups. Forbesione combined with 5-FU strongly </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">induced apoptosis in Ham-1 cells. The growth inhibitory effect of combined treatment using these two drugs was much greater than treatment with either drug alone, both </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in vitro </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in vivo</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_52228_c65b5df84a752b205f2f921129511d3d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Low Body Mass Index Is an Independent Predictive Factor after Surgical Resection in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer335333565317510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3353ENMasakiTomitaDepartment of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.TakanoriAyabeDepartment of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.KunihideNakamuraDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki,
Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.Journal Article20170811 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The effect of body mass index (BMI) on postoperative survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been controversial. We retrospectively analysed the effect of preoperative BMI on postoperative outcomes of NSCLC surgery. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Consecutive 384 NSCLC patients were enrolled. Patients were subdivided into 3 groups: low BMI group (BMI</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">), normal BMI group (BMI=18.5-24.0 kg/m</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">) and high BMI group (BMI>24.0 kg/m</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">). The </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">prognostic significance of BMI was examined retrospectively. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The 5-year survival of patients with low, normal and high BMI groups were 46.3%, 74.3% and 84.3%, respectively. The low BMI group had a poorer prognosis than the other groups (p<0.001). The survival of high BMI group had a more favorable trend than that of normal BMI group, but </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.057). On multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for cancer-specific </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">survival were male gender (p=0.0061), non-adenocarcinoma histology (p=0.0003), pN1-2 status (p=0.0007), high serum CEA level (p<0.0001) and low BMI (low vs. others: p <0.0001). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Preoperative BMI is an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC patients after surgical resection, with low BMI patients having an unfavorable prognosis. </span></span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53175_e236b8a9b4177001a009a2625d63ee27.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis for a Biomarker Panel Related to Human Esophageal Adenocarcinoma335733635317910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3357ENMajidRezaei-TaviraniFaculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SinaRezaei-TaviraniProteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.VahidMansouriProteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MohammadRostami-NejadGastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MostafaRezaei-TaviraniProteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170816 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the mostlethal cancers in the world with a very poor </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">prognosis. Identification of molecular diagnostic methods is an important goal. Since protein-protein interaction (PPI) </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">network analysis is a suitable method for molecular assessment, in the present research a PPI network related to EAC was targeted. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Material and Method: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Cytoscape software and its applications including STRING DB, Cluster ONE and ClueGO were applied to analyze the PPI network. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Result: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Among 182 EAC-related proteins which were identified, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">129 were included in a main connected component. Proteins based on centrality analysis of characteristics such as degree, betweenness, closeness and stress were screened and key nodes were introduced. Two clusters were determined </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of which only one was significant statistically. Gene ontology revealed 50 terms in three groups associated with EAC. </span></span><strong>Conclusion:</strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The findings indicate nine crucial proteins could form a candidate biomarker panel for EAC. Furthermore, an important cluster with 27 proteins related to the disease was identified. Gene ontology analysis of this cluster showed </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">main related terms to closely correspond with those for colorectal cancer. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53179_8c7330929d819f74207bb973a4282ecb.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Treatment-Related Quality of Life in Nepalese Women with Breast Cancer336533715318910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3365ENSaraswatiBhandariFaculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandAurawamonSriyuktasuthFaculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandKanaungnitPongthavornkamolFaculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandJournal Article20170817 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">To identify the level of quality of life and its predictors in Nepalese women with breast cancer while receiving chemotherapy. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This cross-sectional study with a predictive design was conducted for a conveniently selected sample of 85 Nepalese women with primary breast cancer receiving chemotherapy at outpatient clinics of three cancer hospitals of Kathmandu, Nepal. Data were collected during December 2016 and February 2017 using demographic sheets, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire and the </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">data analysis. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The mean age of the sample was 50.2 years (SD = 11.50). Study participants reported moderate to poor quality of life (M = 33.5, SD = 23.5). Multiple regression analysis showed that age, years of education, stage, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">past breast surgery, overall symptom severity, and social support significantly explained 56.8% of the variance in </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">quality of life (R</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">= .568, F (8,76) = 12.469, p = .000). However, overall symptom severity (β = -.477, p= .000) and social support (β = .183, p = .050) were the most important predictors. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">As Nepalese women reported decreased quality of life, nurses should provide preventive and supportive services to improve the quality of life of their patients during chemotherapy. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53189_46137950b353991a726bfa7c824b2cb3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Human Papilloma Virus Genotype Distribution in Cervical lesions in Zanjan, Iran337333775318010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3373ENShahrzadAhmadiRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Alborz.HosseinGoudarziMolecular Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Alborz.AhmadJalilvandDepartment of pathology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.AbdolrezaEsmaeilzadehDepartment of
Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.Journal Article20170820 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women all over the world, and main cause is persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) strains. It has been reported that the distribution </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and prevalence of HPV types varies by geographical region, so that this is important for prevention by type-specific </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">vaccines. The aim of current study was to determine the genotype distribution of HPV using the INNO-LiPA genotyping assay in Zanjan province, North West Iran. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 112 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">samples from cases of low-grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were collected. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify DNA for genotyping. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Among the 112 samples from females (ranging from 20 to 69 years, mean age 43.8 ± 10.1) tested for HPV DNA, 50 samples were positive. Based on results of genotyping, most common HPV genotypes were HPV18 (48%) followed by HPV-6 (24%), HPV73 (16%), HPV-51(8%), HPV-31(8%), HPV-16 (8%), HPV-56 (4%), HPV-44 (4%). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">While HPV infection is the major etiological factor for cervical cancer, presence was relatively low in our survey. In the positive cases, however, HPV18 was the most common in line with many other populations. The fact that types vary among different populations must clearly be taken into account in design of vaccines for our country. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53180_f374aa4eb067a65d687a27149c2d63de.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Limited Understanding of Pap Smear Testing among Women, a Barrier to Cervical Cancer Screening in the United Arab Emirates337933875378610.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3379ENFatima AhmedAL-HammadiPrimary Health Care Sector, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.FatemaAl-TahriPrimary Health Care Sector, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.AsmaAl-AliPrimary Health Care Sector, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.Satish CNairDepartment of Academic Affairs, Tawam Hospital, College of Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.MaheraAbdulrahmanDepartment of Medical Education, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.0000-0001-6271-3776Journal Article20170821 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Global data indicate that cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Important factors that affect interventions for early diagnosis of cervical cancer include social beliefs and values and poor </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">knowledge. These may contribute to women’s participation in screening for cervical cancer and have a significant </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">impact on decisions to take preventive action. The present study was conducted with 599 women in the UAE between September 2016 and March 2017. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine knowledge about cervical cancer and screening, demographic characteristics and perceived barriers. Knowledge about the Pap smear test was limited, and awareness that they should undergo the Pap smear test every three years even with an initial negative/normal Pap smear result was abysmal. In spite of the positive attitude of the women towards the Pap smear test, almost 80% of the women surveyed had no knowledge of precancerous lesions. Having higher income (21/29, 72%, p=0.027) and more miscarriages were associated with better practice of Pap smears (19/26, 73%, p=0.010). Knowledge levels were </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">significantly higher (66.3±22.2,) that values for attitude (60.5±20.9, p= 0.03, 95% CI {0.22-11.3}, Chi-square 4.38) and practice (53.7 24.1, p= 0.001, 95% CI {6.9-18.1}, Chi-square 19.7). A well-designed health education programme on cervical cancer and benefits of screening should increase the awareness among women in UAE. One point to stress is </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">that better communication with health professionals and improvement of access to health care services should increase the rate of cervical cancer screening. </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53786_2d123fdd4f4e1bde338de328926fa573.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Cox Regression and Parametric Models: Comparison of How They Determine Factors Influencing Survival of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma338933935319010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3389ENElaheKhaksarDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Safayeh, Yazd, Iran.MohsenAskarishahiDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Safayeh, Yazd, Iran.SeyedhosseinHekmatimoghaddamDepartment of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Safayeh, Yazd, Iran.0000-0001-9859-3753HassanaliVahedian_ArdakaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Safayeh, Yazd, Iran.Journal Article20170828 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background and objectives: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The present study of survival rate of patients with non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) compared the efficiency of Cox semi-parametric vs. parametric models in determination of influencing factors. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In this retrospective cohort study, data were gathered from 190 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of NSCLC referred to Shahid Sadoughi and Shohadaye Kargar Hospitals in Yazd, Iran during 2005 to 2014. To identify and compare factors influencing the survival rate, a Cox semi-parametric model was fitted to the data. Data analysis was performed using the R software version R3.3.1, and the significance level was set at 0.05. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The average age was 64.5 years. About 40% of patients had stage 4 disease. The median survival was 8 months. After comparing the models, the more efficient was the log-normal distribution (AIC=889.3829), with which disease stage, type of therapy, and age were significant factors. Among the different types of therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy yielded higher survival rates, and increased age was associated with lower survival. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The most efficient model was a log-normal model. Implementation of optimal therapies at early stages can improve the survival of patients. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53190_a638d776fcbc412701c546185d0bfe33.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Lung Lesion Detection in CT Scan Images Using the Fuzzy Local Information Cluster Means (FLICM) Automatic Segmentation Algorithm and Back Propagation Network Classification339533995319110.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3395ENMLavanyaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai-602 105, India.P MuthuKannanDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai-602 105, India.Journal Article20170828 <br /> <span style="font-size: small;">Lung cancer is a frequently lethal disease often causing death of human beings at an early age because of uncontrolled cell growth in the lung tissues. The diagnostic methods available are less than effective for detection of cancer. Therefore an automatic lesion segmentation method with computed tomography (CT) scans has been developed. However it is very difficult to perform automatic identification and segmentation of lung tumours with good accuracy because of the existence of variation in lesions. This paper describes the application of a robust lesion detection and segmentation technique to segment every individual cell from pathological images to extract the essential features. The proposed technique based on the FLICM (Fuzzy Local Information Cluster Means) algorithm used for segmentation, with reduced false positives in detecting lung cancers. The back propagation network used to classify cancer cells is based on computer aided diagnosis (CAD). </span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53191_5535255558d034132c2f3e065c8b9971.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Cancer Mortality, Early Detection and Treatment among Adult New Zealanders: Changes in Perceptions between 2001 and 2014/5340134065319410.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3401ENRosalinaRichardsCancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.BronwenMcNoeCancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.EllaIosuaDepartment of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.Anthony IReederCancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.RichardEganCancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.LouiseMarshCancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.LindsayRobertsonCancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.BrettMaclennanCancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.Anna TiatiaFaatoese LatuKōhatu Centre for Hauora Māori, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.RobinQuiggCancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.Anne-CathrinePetersenCancer Society Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.Journal Article20170830 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Beliefs about cancer risk and experience of early detection and treatment can impact on willingness </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">to engage with these initiatives. This study describes changes in perceptions of cancer mortality, early detection and treatment among adult New Zealanders (NZ) between two cross-sectional studies conducted in 2001 and 2014/5. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Data was collected via telephone interviews conducted by trained interviewers in 2001 (231 females and 207 males, 64% response rate) and 2014/5 (588 females and 476 males, 64% response rate). Participants were asked to identify the most common three causes of cancer mortality among women and then men. They were also asked to note their agreement or otherwise with statements about early detection and treatment of cancer. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">There was an increase in proportions of men who correctly identified prostate cancer as one of the top three causes of cancer mortality among men, and also an increase among women who correctly identified bowel cancer as one of the top three. Most participants agreed that there were benefits from early detection for cancer outcomes. Over time, there was a significant </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">decline in proportions which felt that most cancer treatment is "so terrible it is worse than death" and that alternative </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">therapy has an "equal or better chance of curing cancer." </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Internationally, there is little information available about changes in cancer perceptions over time, these findings suggest some changes in perceptions of treatment and awareness of types of cancer with the highest mortality in NZ, which should support timely engagement with early detection and treatment services. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53194_5c94cc50394c229047f7fe34f230c096.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Descriptive Epidemiology of Cancers in Togo from 2009 to 2016340734115319510.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3407ENTchinDarreDepartment of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.Tchilabalo MKpatchaDepartment of Urology, University Teaching
Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.AklessoBagnyDepartment Hepatogastroenterology, University Teaching
Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.NidainManehDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Teaching
Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.FaréGnandi-PiouDepartment of Trauma and Orthopedic, University Teaching
Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.BoyodiTchangaiDepartment of Visceral Surgery, University Teaching
Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.SassilDareDepartment of Visceral Surgery, University Teaching
Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.SolangeAdani-IféDepartment of Clinical Oncology, University Teaching
Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.AtchiWallaDepartment of Trauma and Orthopedic, University Teaching
Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.KoffiAmégborDepartment of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.GadoNapo-KouraDepartment of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.Journal Article20170831 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Cancer is a global public health problem. According to World Report on Cancer in 2000, developing countries are becoming increasingly affected. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This retrospective and descriptive 8-year study of all histological </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">confirmed cancers was conducted using data from the anatomical pathology laboratory registry of Togo’s only laboratory. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The parameters were frequency, site and histological type as well as age and gender. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We found 1,738 cancers in patients aged from 4 months to 109 years (mean, 50.4 ± 4. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.3. The most frequent localizations of the cancers were the prostate (10.3%) followed by the breast (9.9%), the stomach (8.4%) and the cervix (7.2%). In women, the median age was 47.4 ± 2.9 years, and the most common cancers were breast cancer (21.2%), followed by cervical cancer (16.3%). In men, the median age was 53.2 ± 7.3 years and the most frequent cancers were prostate cancer (18.5%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (13.2%) and stomach cancer (10.7%). In children, Burkitt’s lymphoma (41.8%), retinoblastoma (11.6%) and nephroblastoma (9.6%) were the most important cancers. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Cancers are frequent in Togo, those of the prostate, breast and cervix being most important with a worse prognosis. Emphasis should be placed on early detection and diagnosis. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53195_eeb3e320fe14f2a4e2ea8a05e80f60a0.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Unexpected Lower Expression of Oncoprotein Gankyrin in Drug Resistant ABCG2 Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cell Lines341334185320010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3413ENMaryamTaheriDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Payam Noor University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for
Stem cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.KhadijehJamialahmadiBiotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.FatemehKalaliniaBiotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Journal Article20170902 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Development of a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype to chemotherapy remains a major barrier in the treatment of cancer. </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Gankyrin </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p28</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p28GANK </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">or </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">PSMD10</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">) is an oncoprotein overexpressed in different carcinoma cell lines. The aim of this study was to compare Gankyrin expression level in MDR cells (MCF-7/ADR and MCF-7/ MX) and non-MDR counterparts (MCF-7). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Gankyrin, MDR1 (also known as </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">ABCB1</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">; the ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1) and </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">ABCG2 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(also known as </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">BCRP</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">; the human breast cancer resistance protein) mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression levels of Gankyrin. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The PCR results showed that the expression of Gankyrin was significantly lower in the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">ABCG2 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">overexpressing cell line MCF-7/MX than in non-resistanct MCF-7 cells. In contrast, there were no significant </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">differences in mRNA expression of Gankyrin in the MDR1 overexpressing cell line MCF-7/ADR in comparison with </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">MCF-7 cells. Similarly, Western blot analysis confirmed lower expression of Gankyrin protein in the MCF-7/MX cell </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">line (26% compared to controls) but not in MCF-7/ADR cells. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">These findings showed that there may be </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">a relation between down-regulation of Gankyrin and overexpression of ABCG2 but without any clear relationship with MDR1 expression in breast cancer cell lines. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53200_b1a137c9863b6ff925fb0151fcbdf489.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Vitamin D Deficiency Associated with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case- Control Study341934225378710.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3419ENZahraHeidariDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.0000-0002-2744-1143MahdiNikbakhtDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.Mohammad AliMashhadiDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.MahdiJahantighDepartment of Pathology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.NasrinMansourniaDepartment of Endocrinology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.VahidSheikhiDepartment of Pediatric Nephrology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranMohammad AliMansourniaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170916 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In recent decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased throughout the world. It is unclear whether factors such as vitamin D deficiency may have been involved in this increase. The present case-control study was conducted to examine any association between Vitamin D deficiency and thyroid cancers. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The study </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">was conducted on 85 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer diagnosed based on fine needle aspiration biopsy as the case group and 85 healthy controls. Serum levels of vitamin D were evaluated before thyroidectomy. For each patient in the case group, one healthy euthyroid person without any thyroid nodules from the general population matched based on season, sex, age (± 1 year) and BMI (± 1) was selected. Finally, 85 pairs were obtained considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thyroid function, thyroid antibodies and serum vitamin D were assessed and thyroid sonography was performed in all participants. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In the patient group, 72 (85%) were female and 13 (15%) were male. The mean (SD) serum vitamin D level was 8.00 (±3.7) in patient group, as compared to 13.4 (±7.90) in the control group, the difference being significant (OR: 6, 95 % CI: 1.02-113.3; P=0.046). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A significant association was noted between vitamin D deficiency and differentiated thyroid cancer. Further studies with a prospective design are necessary to further define the roles of this factor. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53787_417f88c8846f5750862e936831f25d4c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201TP53 Gene Pro72Arg (rs1042522) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism as Not a Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer in the Iranian Azari Population342334275380910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3423ENMiladAsadiImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.DariushShanaehbandiImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.0000-0002-0449-0607ArminZarintanImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.NegarPedramImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.BehzadBaradaranImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.VenusZafariTuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.MasoudShirmohamadiDepartment of General and Thoracic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tabriz, Iran.ShahriyarHashemzadehTuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20170917 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The p53 protein participates critically in several cellular functions such as cell growth and DNA repair. Polymorphisms in the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">TP53 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">locus have repeatedly been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancers all over the world. Over 200 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been characterized, but one well-known example at at codon 72, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Pro72Arg </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">rs1042522</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">), has the displayed inconsistent results with regard to cancer risk. Herein, we aimed to evaluate whether </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Pro72Arg </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">rs1042522</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">TP53 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">gene might be associated with risk of colorectal cancer in the Iranian Azari population. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Blood samples were taken from 100 healthy controls and 100 colorectal cancer patients with Iranian-Azeri ethnicity. Genotyping was performed with Tetra-ARMS PCR. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The alleles of the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">TP53 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">gene </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Pro72Arg </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">SNP did not significantly differ in prevalence between patients </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and controls (P>0.05). Additionally, genotypes of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Pro72Arg </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">SNP were not significantly associated with colorectal </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">cancer risk in the studied population. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Pro72Arg </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">SNP of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">TP53 </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">gene may not be involved in the disease pathogenesis in Iranian Azari patients with colorectal cancer. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53809_7f5fbde2174fc389136d88fbb8d85fd5.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201EpCAM-based Flow Cytometric Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Gallbladder Carcinoma Cases342934375407210.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3429ENNamrata PunitAwasthiDepartment of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow-226010, India.0000-0001-8634-0302SwatiKumariDepartment of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow-226010, India.AzfarNeyazDepartment of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow-226010, India.SameerGuptaDepartment of Surgical Oncology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow-226010, India.AkashAgarwalDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226010, India.AshishSinghalDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226010, India.NuzhatHusainDepartment of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow-226010, India.0000-0003-1831-9063Journal Article20170715 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Purpose: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Liquid biopsy has entered the arena of cancer diagnostics in the past decade and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is one diagnostic component. CTCs in gallbladder cancer (GBC) have hitherto not been comprehensively analysed. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods and Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The current study focused on the diagnostic role of CTCs in 27 cases of treatment-naive GBC and 6 normal controls as well as 6 cases of cholecystitis. An EasySep kit featuring </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">negative immunomagnetic bead separation and flow cytometric detection of EpCAM positive and CD45 negative cells revealed CTCs in 25 of the 27 cases. At a cut-off point of ≥1, the CTC count discriminated GBC from controls with a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 92.6%, 91.7% and 92.3%, respectively. CTC levels in turn correlated significantly with clinico-pathological parameters of cases in terms of known prognostic indicators, with significant diagnostic potential at a cut-off point of >4, to discriminate disease stage I and II vs. III and IV GBC. With a cut-off of >3, the CTC count discriminated tumor stages I and II vs. III and IV and at >6 CTCs could discriminate metastatic vs. non metastatic GBCs with a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 55. 6%, 100.0% and 85.2, respectively. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A review of CTC in pancreatico-biliary malignancies is included. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Detection and quantification of CTCs </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for GBC diagnosis in correlation with radiological studies. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_54072_714de445c775c73e68ec566250a0515a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Dosimetric Validation of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy with Three 6MV Beam-Matched Linear Accelerators343934445378910.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3439ENSangaiahAshokkumarResearch and Development center, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.Department of Radiation Oncology, Yashoda Hospitals,Secunderabad,India.K MGaneshResearch and Development center, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.Department of Medical Physics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology,
Bengaluru, India.KRamalingamResearch and Development center, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.Department of Radiation Oncology, Yashoda Hospitals,Secunderabad,India.KKarthikeyanResearch and Development center, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.Department of Radiation Oncology, Yashoda Hospitals,Secunderabad,India.NJagadeeshkumarDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Yashoda Hospitals,Secunderabad,India.0000-0002-2406-2869Journal Article20171005 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Background: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">To avoid inconvenience to patients due to linear accelerator down time in busy radio-therapy departments, treatment plans can be switched between linear accelerators provided that all exhibit the same same dosimetric characteristics. In other words linear accelerators should be beam-matched. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Aim: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this study </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">was to evaluate the clinical significance of beam-matching using VMAT plans. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Materials and Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Dosimetric data with a 6MV beam from am Clinac 2100CD were taken as baseline values and other two units, a 2300CD and a </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Unique Performance, were factory tuned in accordance. An analysis of PDD data was performed for different field sizes to evaluate energy matching. Beam profiles for field sizes of 10×10 cm</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and 40 × 40 cm</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">at depths of 1.5 cm and 10 cm were analyzed. The relative output factor and MLC dosimetric properties were compared with each machine to determine variability among the different models. Thirty patients from our database were selected, ten each for head and neck, thorax and pelvis sites. VMAT plans were created in the Eclipse treatment planning system for a Clinac 2100 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CD for reference. and verification plans were created for each to compare point dose measurements. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The TPR </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">20/10 for 10 × 10 cm</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2 </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">was well matched, showing no energy differences. Deviation of all point dose measurements fell </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">within ±3%. Planar dose maps all showed greater than 95% of points with a passed area γ-value less than 1. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our study evaluation of beam matching with treatment planning modeling showed good agreement fior 6 MV beams </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">across all three linear accelerators used in our clinical environment. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53789_d4734d45a302f47306e185a18d69dc80.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Genistein and Trichostatin A Induction of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene Expression, Apoptosis and Cell Growth Inhibition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG 2 Cells344534505378810.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3445ENMasumehSanaeiResearch Center for Non-communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical sciences, Jahrom, Iran.FraidoonKavoosiResearch Center for Non-communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical sciences, Jahrom, Iran.HabibehSalehiStudent of Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.Journal Article20171003Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation play important roles in determining gene<br /> expression. Hypermethylation of CpG islands of the promoter region of tumor suppressor genes can greatly influence<br /> carcinogenesis through transcriptional silencing. Acetylation of lysine in histone tails causes relaxation of chromatin,<br /> which facilitates gene transcription, while deacetylation is associated with condensed chromatin resulting in gene<br /> silencing. DNA demethylating agents such as genistein (GE) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) such as<br /> trichostatin A (TSA) may strongly reactivate silenced genes and exposure to these two agents in combination is reported<br /> to enhance estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) reactivation and induction of apoptosis. The present study was designed to<br /> evaluate the effect of these compounds on ERα gene expression, cell viability and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma<br /> (HCC) Hep G2 cells. GE exerted biphasic effects; it stimulated cell growth at a low concentration (1 μM) but inhibitory<br /> influence was noted with high concentrations (10, 20 and 40 μM). In contrast, TSA demonstrated inhibitory effects on<br /> growth at all of concentrations tested. Furthermore, GE and GE/TSA significantly induced apoptosis at all concentrations,<br /> but TSA only after 72 h. GE induced ERα re-expression and this was maximal in combined treatment groups treated<br /> with GE/TSA for 72 h.<br /> <strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT; font-size: small;">Discussion: </span></span></strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;" lang="JA">Our finding clearly indicates that GE and TSA have an inhibitory cell growth,</span></span><br /> induce apoptosis and reactivate the ERα gene expression. Conclusion: GE and TSA can significantly inhibit the growth<br /> of HCC cells and play a significant role in apoptosis and reactivation of ERα gene.https://journal.waocp.org/article_53788_67cd2c23d5bff199204ad9dec596977c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Cancer Detection in Microarray Data Using a Modified Cat Swarm Optimization Clustering Approach345134555379010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3451ENPandiMDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, India.0000-0002-1821-9727BalamuruganRDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, India.0000-0003-1348-2291SadhasivamNDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, India.Journal Article20171010 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A better understanding of functional genomics can be obtained by extracting patterns hidden in gene expression data. This could have paramount implications for cancer diagnosis, gene treatments and other domains. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Clustering may reveal natural structures and identify interesting patterns in underlying data. The main objective of </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">this research was to derive a heuristic approach to detection of highly co-expressed genes related to cancer from gene expression data with minimum Mean Squared Error (MSE). </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A modified CSO algorithm using Harmony Search (MCSO-HS) for clustering cancer gene expression data was applied. Experiment results are analyzed using </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">two cancer gene expression benchmark datasets, namely for leukaemia and for breast cancer. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Result: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">indicated MCSO-HS to be better than HS and CSO, 13% and 9% with the leukaemia dataset. For breast cancer dataset improvement was by 22% and 17%, respectively, in terms of MSE. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results showed MCSO-HS to outperform HS and CSO with both benchmark datasets. To validate the clustering results, this work was tested with </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">internal and external cluster validation indices. Also this work points to biological validation of clusters with gene ontology in terms of function, process and component. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53790_c7cfeccd3535b39712d4f01f7b8dd81c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP), APOCP's West Asia Chapter.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-7368181220171201Comparison of Diagnostic Yield of a FISH Panel Against Conventional Cytogenetic Studies for Hematological Malignancies: A South Indian Referral Laboratory Analysis of 201 Cases345734645381010.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3457ENVishalAshokDepartment of Cytogenetics, Anand Diagnostic Laboratory, Bangalore, India.RamyaRanganathanDepartment of Cytogenetics, Anand Diagnostic Laboratory, Bangalore, India.SmithaChanderDepartment of Cytogenetics, Anand Diagnostic Laboratory, Bangalore, India.SharatDamodarDepartment of Hemato-Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Center, Narayana Health Multispecialty Hospital, Bangalore, India.SunilBhatDepartment of Hemato-Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Center, Narayana Health Multispecialty Hospital, Bangalore, India.NatarajK SDepartment of Hemato-Oncology, Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Center, Narayana Health Multispecialty Hospital, Bangalore, India.Satish KumarAnumulaDepartment of Medical Oncology and Clinical Hematology, Columbia Asia Referral Hospital, Bangalore, India.Sachin SureshJadhavDepartment of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, BGS Global Gleneagles Hospitals, Bangalore, India.0000-0002-8316-4267MaheshRajashekaraiahDepartment of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, BGS Global Gleneagles Hospitals, Bangalore, India.SundareshanTSDepartment of Cytogenetics, Anand Diagnostic Laboratory, Bangalore, India.Journal Article20171011 <br /> <strong><span style="font-size: small;">Objectives: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Genetic markers are crucial fort diagnostic and prognostic investigation of hematological malignancies </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(HM). The conventional cytogenetic study (CCS) has been the gold standard for more than five decades. However, FISH (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) testing has become a popular modality owing to its targeted approach and the ability to detect abnormalities in non-mitotic cells. We here aimed to compare the diagnostic yields of a FISH </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">panel against CCS in HMs. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Samples of bone marrow and peripheral blood for a total of 201 HMs were </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">tested for specific gene rearrangements using multi-target FISH and the results were compared with those from CCS. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Exhibited a greater diagnostic yield with a positive result in 39.8% of the cases, as compared to 17.9% of cases </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">detected by CCS. Cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) benefited the most by FISH testing, which identified chromosomal aberrations beyond the capacity of CCS. FISH was least beneficial in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">where the highest concordance with CCS was exhibited. Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) demonstrated greater </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">benefit with CCS. In addition, we found the following abnormalities to be most prevalent in HMs by FISH panel testing: RUNX1 (21q22) amplification in ALL, deletion of D13S319/LAMP1 (13q14) in CLL, CKS1B (1q21) amplification in multiple myeloma and deletion of EGR1/RPS14 (5q31/5q32) in MDS, consistent with the literature. </span></span><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Conclusions: </span></strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In conclusion, FISH was found to be advantageous in only a subset of HMs and cannot completely replace CCS. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Utilization of the two modalities in conjunction or independently should depend on the indicated HM for an optimal approach to detecting chromosomal aberrations. </span></span>https://journal.waocp.org/article_53810_963f09a2cce5b34e956b62674c3580c3.pdf