Childhood Acute Leukemia in West Bengal, India with an Emphasis on Uncommon Clinical Features

Leukemias are the commonest childhood malignancy in West Bengal. This study was undertaken on 75children at NRS Medical College, West Bengal to determine the distribution of signs and symptoms of leukemiaand to identify unusual clinical features. After obtaining clinical history, physical examination, hematologicaland radiological investigations were performed. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL, 72%) was the commonestfollowed by acute myeloid leukaemia (AML, 18.7%). Common symptoms and signs were fever (85.3%), pallor(64%), hepatomegaly (72%), splenomegaly (60%) and lymphadenopathy (50.7%). The uncommon signs andsymptoms were abdominal pain (9.3%), joint pain (9.3%), hematemesis and malena (8%), diarrhea (5.33%),proptosis (2 cases), dysphagia, mediastinal mass and parotid swelling (1 case each). Uncommon clinicalpresentations lead to delay in diagnosis in some cases. Awareness of uncommon signs and symptoms of childhoodleukemia together with laboratory tests may help in earlier diagnosis and proper management of the patients.