Significance of Alanine Aminotransferase Testing in Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic HBV Infection

Hepatitis B is a major public health problem world wide; more than 350 million people have chronic infection.Diagnosis of hepatitis is made by biochemical assessment of liver function. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aliver enzyme, is markedly elevated in hepatitis and with other causes of acute liver damage associated withhepatic necrosis, blood levels being elevated even before the clinical signs and symptoms of disease such asjaundice appear. HBsAg can be detected in the serum from several weeks before onset of symptoms to severalmonths after onset of acute HBV infection. The presence of HBsAg indicates that the person is potentiallyinfectious. In our study we found that 80% patients who were HBsAg positive had abnormal ALT levels, whilethe remaining 20% had normal ALT values. This is despite suffering from acute or chronic liver disease, providinga reason why some patients positive for hepatitis B have a normal ALT.