Background: Our aim was to identify gaps and limitations in the current literature and to make recommendationsfor future research required to address these. Materials and Methods: We reviewed occupational exposures andrelated factors associated with the risk of prostate cancer between 2000 and 2012. These included chemical,ergonomic, physical or environmental, and psychosocial factors which have been reported by epidemiologicalstudies across a range of industries. Results: The results are inconsistent from study to study and generally this isdue to the reliance upon the retrospectivity of case-control studies and prevalence (ecological) studies. Exposureassessment bias is a recurring limitation of many of the studies in this review. Conclusions: We consider thereis insufficient evidence to implicate prostate cancer risk for ergonomic, physical, environmental or psychosocialfactors, but there is sufficient evidence to implicate toxic metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). More research is required to identify specific pesticides that may be associatedwith risk of prostate cancer.
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