Background: Schistosomiasis is an infectious disease that affects more than 230 million people worldwide,according to conservative estimates. Some studies published from China and Japan reported that schistosomiasisis a risk factor for colorectal cancer in Asia where the infective species is S. japonicum. Hoqwever, there have beenonly few reports of prognosis of patients with schistosomal rectal cancer SRC. Objectives: This study aimed toanalyze differences in prognosis between SRC and non-schistosomal rectal cancer(NSRC) with current treatments.Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 30 patients with schistosomal rectal cancer who underwentlaparoscopic total mesorectal excision operation (TME) was performed. For each patient with schistosomal rectalcancer, a control group who underwent laparoscopic TME with non-schistosomal rectal cancer was matched forage, gender and tumor stage, resulting in 60 cases and controls. Results: Univariate analysis showed pathologicN stage (P=0.006) and pathologic TNM stage (P=0.047) statistically significantly correlated with disease-freesurvival (DFS). Pathologic N stage (P=0.014), pathologic TNM stage (P=0.002), and with/without schistosomiasis(P=0.026) were statistically significantly correlated with overall survival (OS). Schistosomiasis was the onlyindependent prognostic factor for DFS and OS in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The prognosis of patientswith schistosomal rectal cancer is poorer than with non-schistosomal rectal cancer.
)