Document Type : Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors
1
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
2
Medbury Medical Services, Warri, Nigeria.
3
Oncological and Radiological Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang Malaysia.
4
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
5
Deworm the World Initiative, Evidence Action, Abuja, Nigeria.
Abstract
Background/Objective: Cervical Cancer is the 6th most common and 3rd most deadly cancer among women. Despite the fact that the majority of the countries in Asia and Africa have a similar economy and low life expectancy, the mean age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of cervical cancer is substantially higher in Africa than in Asia. This study identified the correlates of the higher ASIR rates in Africa relative to Asia against two timelines; 2004-2009 and 2010-2017. Methods: Peer-reviewed articles published between 2004 and 2017 were selected using the PRISMA standard. Sources of articles included Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed Central, and EMBASE. Search keywords included: HPV genotypes, cervical cancer, HPV vaccine, and multiple infections in Africa and Asia. Result: Twenty-nine and seventeen full-length articles were selected from Africa and Asia, respectively. The pooled prevalence of HPV infection up to 2017 was higher in Africa (41.8%; 95% CI: 35.9, 47.7) than in Asia (24.2%; 95% CI: 16.22, 32.2) at p< 0.001. Between 2004-2009 and 2010-2017 timelines, the pooled prevalence of HPV infection decreased from 49.1% to 36.7% (OR’: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.51-1.80) in Africa and increased from 16.9% to 20.5% (OR’: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71-0.86) in Asia. However, the pooled prevalence of multiple HPV infections and non-vaccine high-risk HPV infections were higher among African women diagnosed with cancer (30.9% and 5.2%) than their Asian counterparts (21.0% and 2.0%, respectively) at p< 0.001. Additionally, the pooled prevalence of the five most prevalent high-risk HPV types in Africa were HPV16 (35.3%), HPV52 (14.2%), HPV35 (12.4%), HPV18 (10.4%), and HPV58 (10.0%), while that of Asia were HPV16 (37.3%), HPV52 (16.2%), HPV58 (14.7%), HPV33 (7.4%) and HPV18 (7.2%). Conclusion: This study suggests that the higher prevalence of HPV, multiple HPV and non-vaccine HPV infections could be responsible for the higher ASIR in Africa than in Asia.
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