Background: Surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is beneficial for detecting early-stage HCC. The factors that influence adherence to HCC surveillance and late-stage detection have never been evaluated. We investigated the predictive factors that contribute to patients accessing regular HCC surveillance and their association with the detection of late-stage HCC at the time of diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study at Hatyai Hospital (Songkhla, Thailand) between 2014 and 2016. HCC surveillance includes performing hepatic ultrasonography with/without serum alpha-fetoprotein 6–12 months before the detection of HCC. Logistic regression analyses were conducted separately to examine the relationship between the variables and each endpoint. Results: One hundred ninety-nine HCC patients were enrolled in the study; most patients were of low socioeconomic status, 90.5% had less than a bachelor’s degree, and 69.3% of patients had a monthly income of <10,000 baths (US $312.50). Nearly all (93.5%) patients had cirrhosis, 39.7% had hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 24.6% had hepatitis C virus infection, and 24.6% had alcohol-related liver disease. The risk of HCC was recognized in 51.8% of patients, and regular HCC surveillance was achieved in 36.2% of patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a monthly income >10,000 baths (US $312.50) (odds ratio [OR], 4.566; p = 0.013), HBV infection (OR, 0.188; p = 0.001), and recognition of patients at risk of HCC (OR, 130.396; p<0.001) were independent predictive factors for adherence to HCC surveillance. Regular HCC surveillance (OR, 0.215; p = 0.003) and recognition of HBV infection (OR, 0.356; p = 0.040) were independent preventive factors for the detection of late-stage HCC at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: In Thailand, awareness of patients at risk of developing HCC and the rate of regular HCC surveillance are low. Greater awareness will enable physicians to surveil and detect HCC.
Rattanasupar, A. , Chartleeraha, S. , Akarapatima, K. and Chang, A. (2021). Factors that Affect the Surveillance and Late-Stage Detection of a Newly Diagnosed Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 22(10), 3293-3298. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3293
MLA
Rattanasupar, A. , , Chartleeraha, S. , , Akarapatima, K. , and Chang, A. . "Factors that Affect the Surveillance and Late-Stage Detection of a Newly Diagnosed Hepatocellular Carcinoma", Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 22, 10, 2021, 3293-3298. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3293
HARVARD
Rattanasupar, A., Chartleeraha, S., Akarapatima, K., Chang, A. (2021). 'Factors that Affect the Surveillance and Late-Stage Detection of a Newly Diagnosed Hepatocellular Carcinoma', Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 22(10), pp. 3293-3298. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3293
CHICAGO
A. Rattanasupar , S. Chartleeraha , K. Akarapatima and A. Chang, "Factors that Affect the Surveillance and Late-Stage Detection of a Newly Diagnosed Hepatocellular Carcinoma," Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 22 10 (2021): 3293-3298, doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3293
VANCOUVER
Rattanasupar, A., Chartleeraha, S., Akarapatima, K., Chang, A. Factors that Affect the Surveillance and Late-Stage Detection of a Newly Diagnosed Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2021; 22(10): 3293-3298. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.10.3293
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