Document Type : Research Articles
Authors
1
Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
2
Pharmacy Program, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Harapan Ibu, Jambi, Indonesia.
3
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Duta Wacana Christian University, Yogyakarta.
4
Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
5
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
6
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
7
Integrated Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
8
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
9
Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify the distribution of M2 macrophage and Treg in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) tumor tissue samples. The presence of these two groups of cells was further correlated to clinical stage, tumor size, the lymphatic node involvement, and metastasis. Methods: The total of 50 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) NPC tissue samples was collected retrospectively (27 samples) and prospectively (23 samples). Samples were FFPE tissue slices. Immunohistochemistry was done on the FFPE tissue slides using anti-CD-163 and anti-FoxP-3 antibodies for M2 macrophage and Treg detection, respectively. The M2 macrophage interpretation was performed by eye-balling method and the score was divided into 0 (negative), 1 (scant), 2 (focal), and 3 (abundant). The average number of Treg FOXP3+ cells in 5 high power fields (HPF) was calculated. The relationship of M2 macrophage and Treg was tested with Spearman’s correlation. The relationship between M2 macrophage and Treg with clinical stage, tumor size, node involvement and metastasis was tested by chi square, with p<0.1. Results: M2 macrophage and Treg were positive correlated (r=0.469, p<0.001). The presence of M2 macrophage and regulatory T cell (Treg) was significantly correlated to tumor size (p= 0.091 for M2 macrophage and p=0.022 for Treg) and clinical stage (p= 0.030 for M2 macrophage and p= 0.002 for Treg), but did not correlate with lymphatic node involvement and metastasis. Conclusions: In Epstein-Barr virus related NPC tumor microenvironment, the presence of M2 macrophage was correlated with Treg, and both types of the cells were correlated with tumor size and clinical stages.
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