Addition of Gallic Acid Overcomes Resistance to Cisplatin in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 35, PC 123, AlKhoud, Muscat, Oman.

2 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 36, PC 123, AlKhoud, Muscat, Oman.

3 Department of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 35, PC 123, AlKhoud, Muscat, Oman.

4 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 35, PC 123, AlKhoud, Muscat, Oman.

5 Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Cellular & Molecular Medicine and the Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, and the Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa; Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.

6 Department of Marine Science & Fisheries, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 34, PC 123, AlKhoud, Muscat, Oman.

7 Centre of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 34, PC 123, AlKhoud, Muscat, Oman.

8 Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 35, PC 123, AlKhoud, Muscat, Oman.

9 Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi, University, Karachi, Pakistan.

Abstract

Objective: Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women, and is often associated with drug resistance. Therefore, finding effective drugs, including naturally derived compounds, is urgently needed. Herein, we aimed to test the anti-cancer potential of gallic acid monohydrate (GA) and its congeners on cisplatin-sensitive (A2780S), and resistant (A2780CP) ovarian cancer and normal ovarian (HOSE6-3) cell lines. Methods: Cytotoxicity was assessed by AlamarBlue and CCK08 assays by exposing cells to different concentrations of cisplatin (0-21µg/mL), GA and its congeners (0-100µg/mL), and a combination of GA and cisplatin. Apoptosis was estimated by Hoechst stain and monitoring the relative RNA expression of the apoptotic effector caspase-3 using qRT-PCR. Results: GA decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner in all cell lines, with an IC50 of 19.39µg/mL (A2780S), 35.59 µg/mL (A2780CP), and 49.32µg/mL (HOSE6-3). GA displayed higher cytotoxicity than its congeners. An apoptotic rate estimation of approximately 20% and 30% was obtained in A2780S and A2780CP. While the cytotoxicity observed with cisplatin and GA was comparable, combining the two enhanced the cytotoxicity significantly, especially in the A2780CP cell line (p<0.05). Conclusion: These data suggest that GA may help overcome the resistance. Hence, the cytotoxic effects of GA, especially on chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cells merit further investigation.
 

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