Significance of Histone H3.3 (G34W)-Mutant Protein in Pathological Diagnosis of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

Miskad, Upik A; Syamsul, Futriani; Dahlan, Haslindah; Sungowati, Ni Ketut; Achmad, Djumadi; Johan, Muhammad P

doi:10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.5.1737

Significance of Histone H3.3 (G34W)-Mutant Protein in Pathological Diagnosis of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

¹ Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.

² Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia.

10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.5.1737

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to examine the expression of Histone H3.3 glycine 34 to tryptophan (G34W) mutant protein in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone (GCTB). Methods: This analytic observation research used a cross-sectional study design on 71 bone tumors. The cases involved 54 tissue samples diagnosed as GCBT. It was divided into GCTB primer (n=37), recurrent GCTB (n=5), GCTB with metastasis (n=9), and malignant GCTB (n=3). There were 17 samples mimics of GCTB also tested, including chondroblastoma (n=1), giant cell reparative granuloma (n=2), giant cell of tendon sheath (n=7), chondromyxoid fibroma (n=2), aneurysmal bone cyst (n=2), and giant cell-rich osteosarcoma (n=3). The Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of G34W-mutated protein in these bone tumors. Result: The representation H3.3 (G34W) was expressed in the nuclei of mononuclear stromal cells but not stained on osteoclast-like giant cells. This study was analyzed by the Chi-square test, Fisher’s test, specificity test, and sensitivity test. We obtained p = 0.001 for Histone H3.3 (G34W) mutant expression in GCTB vs Non-GCTB. Statistically, there was no significant difference in the expression level of Histone H3.3 (G34W) in the GCTB and its variants p-value = 0.183. We also obtained that the specificity of Histone H3.3 expression on GCTB was 100% and the sensitivity of Histone H3.3 on GCTB was 77.8%. Conclusion: Histon H3.3 mutant as a mutated driver gene in an Indonesian GCTB can assist to diagnose GCTB and compare it from other bone tumors.

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