Clinical Utility of Cytokeratins for Accurate Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Hepatitis C Virus High-Risk Patients

Al Haddad, Mahdi; El-Mezayen, Hatem A.; El-Kassas, Mohamed; Metwally, Fateheya; El-Sharkawy, Aml

doi:10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.4.1325

Clinical Utility of Cytokeratins for Accurate Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Hepatitis C Virus High-Risk Patients

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

¹ Department of Chemistry, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

² Department of Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

³ Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

⁴ Department of Clinical Pathology, Damietta Cancer Institute, Damietta, Egypt.

10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.4.1325

Abstract

Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver and a global health problem. It is often diagnosed at advanced stage where hopeless for effective therapies. Identification of more reliable biomarkers for early detection of HCC is urgently needed. Cytokeratins are a marker of hepatic progenitor cells and act as a key player in tumor invasion. Herein, we sought to develop a novel score based on the combination of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) with routine laboratory tests for accurate detection of HCC. Material & Methods: Serum CK18, CK 19, α-fetoprotein, albumin and platelets count were assayed in HCC patients (75), liver cirrhosis patients (55) and healthy control (20). Areas under receiving operating curve (AUCs) were calculated and used for construction on novel score. A novel score named CK-HCC = CK 19 (ng/ml)×0.001+ CK18 (ng/ml)×0.004 + AFP (U/L)×5.4 - Platelets count (×109)/L×0.003 – Albumin (g/L)×0.27–36 was developed. CK-HCC score produces AUC of 0.919 for differentiating patients with HCC from those with liver cirrhosis with sensitivity and specificity of a cut-off 1.3 (i.e., less than 1.3 the case is considered cirrhotic, whereas above 1.3 it is considered HCC. Conclusion: CK-HCC score could replace AFP during screening of HCV patients and early detection of HCC.

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