Piperine Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Cisplatin on Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line by Inducing Cell Apoptosis

Mohamed, Manar Ali; Elgayar, Sherif Farouk; Abd Elaziz, Enas Alaa Eldin

doi:10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.9.3219

Piperine Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Cisplatin on Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line by Inducing Cell Apoptosis

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

¹ Assistant lecturer of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sphinx University, Assiut, Egypt.

² Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Al Minia, Egypt.

³ Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Al Minia, Egypt.

10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.9.3219

Abstract

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is ranked as the predominant type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, comprising roughly 90% of all oral cancer cases. Natural products have proven to be highly valuable as complementary, or adjunctive in the treatment of cancer. Piperine, a natural compound derived from Piper nigrum, demonstrates anti-proliferative and anti-neoplastic effects across various types of cancer. This study focused on assessing the cytotoxic effect of piperine in conjunction with cisplatin within the OSCC cell line. Methods: In this in-vitro study, cultured OSCC cells were divided into four groups: a control group (untreated), a group exposed solely to piperine, a group exposed solely to cisplatin, and a group receiving both piperine and cisplatin. Cell viability was determined by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay technique. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis was employed to examine cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Assessment of reactive oxygen species activity, morphological changes, and nuclear area factor measurements were carried out. Expression of the apoptotic regulator Bax was assessed through western blotting analysis. Results: Piperine has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in a concentration-dependent manner. Piperine in combination with cisplatin exhibited a synergistic effect, resulting in more pronounced inhibition of cell viability in OSCC cells compared to using piperine and cisplatin alone. Piperine and cisplatin for 24 h induced apoptosis strongly by increasing Bax protein and ROS activity. Conclusion: Combining piperine with cisplatin demonstrated a greater effectiveness in triggering apoptosis in OSCC cells compared to using cisplatin alone, allowing for a reduction.

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