Cancer Chemotherapeutic Effect of Vernonia Amygdalina Delile on Glioblastoma Brain Cancer Cell

Huda, Fathul; Bashari, Muhammad Hasan; Satria, Denny; Hermawan, Adam; Hasibuan, Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun; Dwiwina, Resti Gradia; Hermawan, Rohim

doi:10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.10.3589

Cancer Chemotherapeutic Effect of Vernonia Amygdalina Delile on Glioblastoma Brain Cancer Cell

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.

² Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.

³ Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.

⁴ Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

⁵ Medical Doctor Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.

10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.10.3589

Abstract

Objective: This study is targeted at assessing the chemotherapy factor of the ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina Delile (VAD). Methods: U87 glioblastoma cells were treated with extract and a fraction of Vernonia amygdalina Delile (VAD) was harvested from the herbarium. Cytotoxicity was evaluated to determine the IC50 through microscopic observation followed by an MTT assay. Subsequently, flow cytometry with a FACS type was employed to conduct cell cycle and apoptosis analyses. Annexin V/PI and PI markers were used to assess apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Result: The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of VAD showed promising effects as cancer chemotherapy in glioblastoma cells. The IC50 values for the extract and fraction were notably low, at 37.65 µg/ml and 10.12 µg/ml, respectively, for U87 cells. Analysis of apoptosis using FACS revealed a more pronounced apoptotic effect of the 15 µg/ml fraction of VAD on both early and late apoptosis compared to the 75 µg/ml extract of VAD. Although some differences in cell cycle properties were observed, there were no significant differences in cell cycle analysis between the extract and fraction. Conclusion: These findings underscore the efficacy of VAD’s ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction as chemotherapeutic agents against U87 cancer cells. The low IC50 values and significant induction of early apoptosis highlight the cytotoxic effects of these treatments on U87 cells.

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