Document Type : Research Articles
Authors
1
Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.
2
Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Technique, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Iraq.
3
College of Education / University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq.
4
University of Babylon, College of Science for Women, Biology Department, Iraq.
5
Department of Medical Biotechnology , College of Science , Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, Iraq.
6
College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon,51001, Iraq.
7
Clinical Pharmacy Department, Badr University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Egypt.
8
Animal Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.
Abstract
Colon cancer typically affects older adults, though it can happen at any age. Colon cancer, also known as Caco-2, is caused by multiple epigenetic alterations and involves unregulated proliferation, differentiation, and invasion of neighboring tissues. Colon cancer patients have had surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. This study investigates a new experimental method using inexpensive and environmentally friendly Egyptian plant extracts. DMSO-dissolved ginger, garlic, cinnamon, and chamomile were employed in this investigation. HPLC and GC-MS were used to analyze plant extracts. These extracts were tested for colon cancer efficacy using various methods. These methods included Caco-2 cells, MTT test, Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and ELISA. Garlic and ginger were found to be cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells. Compared to cinnamon and chamomile extracts, garlic and ginger have boosted LDH synthesis significantly. Garlic and ginger also altered autophagy genes (Bectin1, Atg5, PTEN) and Caspase-3 expression pathways on proapoptotic signaling. Garlic and ginger increased cleaved PTEN and caspase-3 and decreased Atg5 and Bectin1. Ginger and garlic caused extrinsic apoptosis and prevented Atg5 and Bectin1 phosphorylation. The average IL-8 and IL-6 levels increased significantly after 24 hours, according to ELISA. In conclusion, garlic and ginger extracts modify pro-inflammatory cytokines. Alternative herbal remedies like garlic and ginger may be effective and safe colon cancer treatments.
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