Quantification of Circulating HPV DNA as a Biomarker for Cervical pre-cancer and cancer: A Pilot Study

Gangwar, Apoorva; Raghuvanshi, Shivanjali; Bhalla, Shalini; Agarwal, Preeti; Singh, Ajay Kumar; Singh, Nisha; Kumar, Madhu; Singh, Sudhir; Nigam, Nitu; Jafa, Esha; Srivastava, Harshi

doi:10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1681

Quantification of Circulating HPV DNA as a Biomarker for Cervical pre-cancer and cancer: A Pilot Study

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

¹ Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India.

² Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow India.

³ Department of Radiotherapy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow India.

⁴ Department of CFAR, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow India.

⁵ Department of Medical Oncology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow India.

10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1681

Abstract

Background: Tumor cells release fragments of their DNA into the bloodstream, called cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) or liquid biopsy. In this study, we investigate whether human papillomavirus cell-free tumor DNA (ctHPV DNA) can be detected in patients with cervical cancer or premalignant lesions before and after treatment. We are also investigating whether ctHPV DNA levels correlate with patient or tumor characteristics and outcomes. Methods: A total of 67 cases were included, including 42 with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) and 11 with early-stage cervical cancer (ESCC), as well as 14 with premalignant lesions. Pre- and post-treatment plasma samples were tested for ctHPV DNA levels using digital droplet PCR. Results: The pretreatment ctHPV DNA was detected in 21.42%(n=09/42) cases with LACC and post treatment ctHPV DNA was detected in 16.66% (07/42) LACC cases. While circulating ctHPV DNA was not detected in ESCC and premalignant lesion cases. Higher levels of ctHPV DNA were correlated to the higher FIGO2018 stage. Conclusion: ctHPV DNA is a promising biomarker in locally advanced cervical cancer and should be further investigated for clinical use. In ESCC patients, the detection rate of ctHPV DNA is not sufficient for clinical benefit even using ddPCR, the most sensitive technologies available.

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