Efficacy of Lenvatinib Versus Sorafenib in the Treatment of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Remitha, Ni Putu Sri Indrani; Dewi, Ni Putu Rista Pradnya; Yogananda, I Komang Chandra; Sasmana, I Gede Aswin Parisya; Kusuma, I Komang Wira Ananta; Supadmanaba, I Gede Putu; Sindhughosa, Dwijo Anargha; Mariadi, I Ketut

doi:10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.1943

Efficacy of Lenvatinib Versus Sorafenib in the Treatment of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Document Type : Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Authors

¹ Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.

² Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.

³ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Indonesia.

⁴ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Prof. Ngoerah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.

10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.1943

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Current global treatment recommendations suggest lenvatinib and sorafenib have been approved to treat unresectable HCC. Studies comparing lenvatinib versus sorafenib for unresectable HCC have shown conflicting results and no structured review has yet evaluated its efficacy and safety. This article aims to estimate the efficacy of lenvatinib and sorafenib in patients with unresectable HCC. Methods: This research was conducted using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) strategy. Literature searches were conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, and Ebsco. After quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Cochrane Risk-of-bias, also data extraction, Review Manager 5.4 and RStudio 2024.04.1 software were used for analysis of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR). Results: A total of 9 studies were included, comprising 3,821 samples. All studies were retrospective studies. Our meta-analysis showed that OS and PFS in patients receiving lenvatinib were significantly better than patients receiving sorafenib with a protective hazard ratio (HR) of 0.70 (95%CI: 0.57-0.87, p=0.001) and 0.65 (95%CI: 0.54-0.78; p < 0.00001) respectively. Moreover, in the viral patients group, lenvatinib showed similar OS compared with sorafenib (HR=1.02; 95%CI: 0.77-1.36, p=0.87). Lenvatinib exhibited better ORR (OR = 7.87; 95%CI: 2.02-30.75; p = 0.003) and DCR (OR = 1.99; 95%CI: 1.53-2.60; p < 0.00001) compared with sorafenib. Conclusion: Lenvatinib provided significant benefits in OS, PFS, ORR, and DCR compared to sorafenib in patients with unresectable HCC.

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