Document Type : Research Articles
Authors
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
2
Department of Doctor of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
3
Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
4
Cell Engineering for Cancer Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai , Thailand.
5
Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
6
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai , Thailand.
7
Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
8
Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Abstract
Objective: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by poor prognosis, high recurrence rates, and limited targeted therapies, often leading to metastasis in the brain, bones, lungs, and liver. The NF-kB signaling pathway plays a crucial role in TNBC metastasis. However, the potential of novel herbal medicines as anti-metastatic agents remains underexplored. This study investigates the effects of Atractylodes lancea (AL) crude extract on phosphorylated p65 NF-kB reduction and its impact on TNBC cell migration and invasion. Methods: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified bioactive compounds in AL crude extract. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assays on MDA-MB-231 cells at 24 and 48 hours. Sub-lethal doses from cytotoxicity assays were used to assess anti-migration and anti-invasive effects via wound healing and gelatin zymography assays, respectively. Immunoblot analysis examined epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins and NF-kB expression. Result: AL crude extract significantly inhibited TNBC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 92.11±0.01 μg/ml (24 h) and 95.80±0.01 µg/ml (48 h). Wound healing assays confirmed reduced cell migration, while gelatin zymography showed decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) enzymatic activity. Immunoblot analysis revealed increased E-cadherin expression, reduced vimentin expression, and significant suppression of phosphorylated NF-κBp65 levels. Conclusion: AL crude extract exhibits promising anti-cancer effects by modulating EMT markers, reducing cell motility, and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. These findings suggest its potential as a therapeutic agent for TNBC metastasis suppression.
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