To Determine the Immune Check Point Protein Expression CTLA-4 and VISTA With Clinical and Pathological Staging of Potential Oral Malignant Lesions by Immunohistochemistry Analysis

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

1 Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute Of Dental Sciences Afiliated to TN Dr.M.G.R Medical University, Madhuranthagam, India.

2 Department of Pathology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of medical sciences and research centre, Afiliated to TN Dr.M.G.R Medical University Madhuranthagam, India.

3 Department of Biochemistry Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Affiliated to TN Dr.M.G.R Medical University Madhuranthagam, India.

Abstract

Introduction: The immune microenvironment is essential in the development of leukoplakia. Which is a potentially precancerous lesion with increased chances of evolving into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). One of the most significant co-stimulatory molecules involved in the negative regulation of T cells during carcinogenesis is the immunological check point protein V-domain Ig Suppressor of T-cell Activation (VISTA), also known as CTLA-4. The VISTA and CTLA-4 serves as a emerging new biomarker in early detection and to determine malignant potential of leucoplakia. Material and method: Tissue samples from patients with suspected oral malignant lesions were analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). We used established scoring methods to analyze the expression levels of CTLA-4 and VISTA. Clinical finding and histopathological grading were established. The association between the patterns of protein expression and the clinicopathological features was discovered by statistical analysis. Result: VISTA expression varied among the different dysplasia grade with a non-linear relationship observed between VISTA expression and the severity of dysplasia. There was a progressive rise in CTLA 4 positivity that paralleled the severity of dysplasia. Conclusion: CTLA 4 expression could serve as a helpful indicator for determining the risk of malignant transformation in oral potentially malignant disorders.

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Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 13 September 2025

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History

  • Receive Date: 25 March 2025
  • Revise Date: 01 June 2025
  • Accept Date: 01 September 2025

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