Objective: This study aimed to optimize the green extraction of phenolic compounds from TSH and evaluate their antioxidant and anti-liver cancer activities. Methods: TSH was extracted using 60% ethanol and distilled water in different temperatures using a 2-level factorial design as the variables, followed by tray drying. Extracts were analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC) using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent as the response and DPPH radical scavenging assay. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). Cytotoxicity and antimigratory effects on HepG2 cells were assessed using sulforhodamine B (SRB) and wound healing assays. Result: The optimal model equation was TPC = 0.9 - 0.0064A + 0.0059B + (2.61 × 10-5)AB. Although the ethanolic extract had higher total phenolic content, but the water extract showed stronger antioxidant activity and exhibited significantly stronger cytotoxic activity (IC50 at 72 hours: 44.1±0.9 µg/mL) than ethanolic extract (408.3±9.8 µg/mL) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Migration of HepG2 cells was also significantly inhibited by the water extract in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The water extract of TSH may serve as a promising candidate for functional ingredient development and natural anti-liver cancer applications.
Baisaeng, N. (2025). Eco-friendly Extraction of Proanthocyanidin-Rich Compounds from Tamarind Seed Husk and Their Anti-Liver Cancer Activity. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 26(11), 4119-4126. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.11.4119
MLA
Baisaeng, N. . "Eco-friendly Extraction of Proanthocyanidin-Rich Compounds from Tamarind Seed Husk and Their Anti-Liver Cancer Activity", Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 26, 11, 2025, 4119-4126. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.11.4119
HARVARD
Baisaeng, N. (2025). 'Eco-friendly Extraction of Proanthocyanidin-Rich Compounds from Tamarind Seed Husk and Their Anti-Liver Cancer Activity', Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 26(11), pp. 4119-4126. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.11.4119
CHICAGO
N. Baisaeng, "Eco-friendly Extraction of Proanthocyanidin-Rich Compounds from Tamarind Seed Husk and Their Anti-Liver Cancer Activity," Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 26 11 (2025): 4119-4126, doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.11.4119
VANCOUVER
Baisaeng, N. Eco-friendly Extraction of Proanthocyanidin-Rich Compounds from Tamarind Seed Husk and Their Anti-Liver Cancer Activity. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2025; 26(11): 4119-4126. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.11.4119
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