Poor Prognostic Clinicopathological Features of Young Women with Breast Cancer in the MF18-04 Turkish National Breast Cancer Registry Study

Cabıoğlu, Neslihan; Türkyılmaz, Zeliha; Özkurt, Enver; İğci, Abdullah; Müslümanoğlu, Mahmut; Kapkaç, Murat; Yeniay, Levent; Taşdelen, İsmet; Aksaz, Erol; Haydaroğlu, Ayfer; Alanyalı, Senem; Çelik, Varol; Gazioğlu, Ertuğrul; Gökgöz, Şehsuvar; Şenol, Kazim; Önal, Binnur; Özbaş, Serdar; Ok, Engin; Akcan, Alper; Canturk, Nuh Zafer; Koçak, Savaş; Güllüoğlu, Bahadır; Demirer, Seher; Koyuncu, Ayhan; Tükenmez, Mustafa; Girgin, Sadullah; Çolak, Taner; Velidedeoglu, Mehmet; Karadeniz, Erdem; Akçay, Müfide Nuran; Oltulu, Melda; Kebudi, Abut; Emiroğlu, Selman; Uras, Cihan; Özmen, Vahit

doi:10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.12.4407

Poor Prognostic Clinicopathological Features of Young Women with Breast Cancer in the MF18-04 Turkish National Breast Cancer Registry Study

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

¹ Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Breast Unit, Istanbul, Türkiye.

² Kırklareli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Kırklareli, Türkiye.

³ Demiroğlu Bilim University School of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Türkiye.

⁴ Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Izmir, Türkiye.

⁵ Private Practice, İzmir, Türkiye.

⁶ Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Bursa, Türkiye.

⁷ Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Izmir, Türkiye.

⁸ ONKOMER Oncology Center, Izmir, Türkiye.

⁹ Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Türkiye.

¹⁰ MAMER Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Bursa, Türkiye.

¹¹ Ankara Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Türkiye.

¹² Istanbul Arel University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.

¹³ Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Aydın, Türkiye.

¹⁴ Breast and Endocrine Surgeon, Private Practice, Ankara, Türkiye.

¹⁵ Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Kayseri, Türkiye.

¹⁶ Breast and Endocrine Surgeon, Private Practice, Izmir, Türkiye.

¹⁷ Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Kocaeli, Türkiye.

¹⁸ Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Türkiye.

¹⁹ Private Practice, Ankara, Türkiye.

²⁰ Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, İstanbul, Türkiye.

²¹ Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine and Sivas Medicana Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Sivas, Türkiye.

²² Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Diyarbakır, Türkiye.

²³ Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Antalya, Türkiye.

²⁴ Erzurum Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Erzurum, Türkiye.

²⁵ Maltepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Türkiye.

²⁶ Edirne State Hospital, Department of Surgery, Edirne, Türkiye.

²⁷ Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Türkiye.

10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.12.4407

Abstract

Objective: The role of younger age as a prognostic factor in breast cancer remains debated. Despite its association with an aggressive clinical course, there is insufficient research on its etiology. This study aimed to analyze age-related differences in breast cancer diagnosis among Turkish women. Materials and Methods: Data from 23,594 patients in the National Breast Cancer Database (NBCD) were analyzed. The demographic, clinical, and pathological characteristics of patients aged ≤40 years were compared with those >40 years. Results: The median age was 50 years (range 18–97). Among them, 4,535 patients (19%) were 40 years old or younger, with 84% of this subgroup being over 30 years old. Conversely, 19,059 patients (81%) were older than 40. Patients in the younger age group were less likely to have pathologic T1 disease (41% vs. 47%), N0 disease (49% vs. 55%), and Stage I disease (25% vs. 31%) compared to those over 40 (p<0.001). The rates of mastectomy (41% vs. 39%; p = 0.024) and axillary dissection (71% vs. 65%; p = 0.001) were higher among patients diagnosed at 40 years of age or younger. Multivariate analysis identified significant associations in younger patients, including invasive ductal carcinoma (95% CI, 1.06–1.43), estrogen receptor (ER) negativity (95% CI, 1.26–1.87), PR negativity (95% CI, 1.21–1.75), high histologic grade (95% CI, 1.43–1.87), multifocality/multicentricity (95% CI, 1.26–1.72), T3-T4 tumors (95% CI, 1.06–1.66), and axillary positivity (95% CI, 1.025-1.321). Conclusions: Breast cancer diagnosed at ≤40 years is more likely to exhibit aggressive biology, multifocality, or multicentricity presentation, and present at advanced stages. Consequently, younger patients experience higher rates of mastectomy and axillary dissection. These findings suggest a poorer prognosis, highlighting the need for more intensive therapeutic strategies in this population.

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