Document Type : Research Articles
Authors
1
Department of Urology, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania.
3
Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
4
Department of Neurological Surgery, Pulmed University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
5
Department of Natural Sciences, Osh International Medical University, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic.
6
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Normal Physiology, Osh State University, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic.
7
Scientific Research Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Southern Branch of the National Academy of Sciences, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic.
8
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify the main directions and recent advancements in personalised approaches to cancer diagnosis and treatment, based on a comprehensive analysis of current clinical and technological practices. Methods: The study employed a systematic literature review of 62 peer-reviewed publications from 2019-2025 across major scientific databases, using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: According to the analysis, the most promising diagnostic tools in personalised oncology are liquid biopsy, next-generation sequencing, and omics technologies like proteomics and metabolomics. These tools allow for molecular characterisation, early detection, and dynamic monitoring of tumour progression and response to treatment. Targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and genomic approaches showed the most promise for personalised cancer treatment among therapeutic approaches, especially when aided by pharmacogenomics and molecular profiling. It was discovered that combining artificial intelligence with imaging modalities improves outcome prediction, treatment planning, and diagnostic accuracy. The results highlight how crucial it is to integrate therapeutic and diagnostic advancements to enhance clinical judgement, patient outcomes, and the overall effectiveness of oncology healthcare. Conclusion: According to the study’s findings, applying individualised therapeutic approaches in combination with genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and imaging technologies greatly improves the accuracy, efficacy, and safety of cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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