Gynecologic Manifestations of Leukemia in Reproductive-Age Women: Ultrasound, Cytology, and Microbiota Findings

Magzumova, Nargiza Mahkamovna; Bobomurodova, Dilnoza Turdikulovna; Akramova, Dilshoda Turdikulovna; Ahmedova, Gulmira Amanovna; Inoyatov, Khabibjan Pulatovich

doi:10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2519

Gynecologic Manifestations of Leukemia in Reproductive-Age Women: Ultrasound, Cytology, and Microbiota Findings

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

² Department of Stomatology, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

³ Department of Neurology and Medical Psychology, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

⁴ Department of Hematology, Pediatric Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Transfusiology, Center for Professional Development of Medical Workers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.7.2519

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the gynecologic and reproductive changes in women of reproductive age diagnosed with leukemia, with an emphasis on menstrual disturbances, vaginal microbiota alterations, and cytological abnormalities. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 100 female patients aged 16 - 46 years with confirmed diagnoses of acute or chronic leukemia. Clinical and gynecological examinations were performed, including cytological assessment (Pap smear), vaginal microbiological analysis, and pelvic ultrasound. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive methods and Student t-test. Results: Hyperpolymenorrhea was observed in 62% of participants, while 21% reported secondary amenorrhea. Vaginal microbiological analysis revealed Grade III–IV dysbiosis in 77.7% of patients, with dominant growth of Candida spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli. Cytological abnormalities were detected in 50% of cases, including ASCUS (40%) and LSIL (5%). In 28% of cases, leukemic blast cells were identified in cervical smears. Ultrasound findings included enlarged ovaries and uteri in 35% of patients, with evidence of solid infiltrative changes in the external genitalia and mammary glands in isolated cases. Conclusion: Leukemia in women of reproductive age is frequently associated with menstrual disorders, significant disturbances in vaginal microbiota, and cytological abnormalities, including evidence of leukemic infiltration. Early gynecological screening in such patients is essential to ensure the timely management of reproductive health complications.

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