Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Obesity and Perceived Stress in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk among Moroccan Women: A Case - Control Study

Khossossi, Hanae; Ahyayauch, Hasna; El Alami, Aicha; Aitouma, Ahlame; Mouilly, Mustapha; Zeggwagh, Naoufel Ali

doi:10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.10.3717

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Obesity and Perceived Stress in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk among Moroccan Women: A Case - Control Study

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

¹ Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Technology, Rabat, Morocco.

² Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Sports Sciences, Institute of sport professions, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.

³ Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.

⁴ Translational Oncology Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco.

10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.10.3717

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among Moroccan women. Although certain lifestyle factors like physical activity, sedentary habits, obesity, and psychological stress are suspected to play a role, evidence from North African populations remains limited. This study investigates the association between these factors and breast cancer among Moroccan women. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Rabat region involving 148 women, with 74 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases and 74 controls. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive and hormonal history, and lifestyle behaviors. Physical activity was evaluated using the validated Arabic version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, sedentary behavior was based on daily sitting time, and stress was measured using the Arabic Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: High physical activity was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, while sedentary behavior and high stress were associated with an increased risk. Women with high stress levels had a notably higher risk than those with low stress. A family history of breast cancer and using hormonal contraceptives were also independently linked to a higher risk. These findings held true even after accounting for potential confounding factors. Conclusion: This study emphasizes how lifestyle and psychosocial factors like physical activity, sedentary habits, and psychological stress play a significant role in breast cancer risk for Moroccan women. Encouraging physical activity, reducing sedentary time, and managing stress could be vital in preventing breast cancer in this population.

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