Factors Influencing Late Presentation for Breast Cancer in the Middle East: A Systematic Review

Background: Breast cancer is the most common female type of cancer in the Middle East. A review of the evidence about the reasons people did not seek medical care has not been conducted for this region.
Methods: A systematic review was undertaken to identify the explanatory factors and assess the strength of the evidenceleading to late or delayed presentation for breast cancer in the Middle East.
Results: Electronic databases and websites were searched from 1970 to March 2011and yielded approximately 1801 studies and of which, only 10 were relevant. Of these, 6 studies met the inclusion criteria and they were either Egyptian or Iranian. All studiesemployed quantitative methods to investigate late and delayed presentation for breast cancer, and most defined the term delay in number of weeks or months. Older age and lower educational level were found to have strong effects in explaining late presentation. Having no family history of breast cancer was found to have moderatelyeffect on breast cancer late presentation.
Conclusion: Our review revealed the need to conduct research in the Middle East and our findings indicated the importance of considering older age, low educational level and a family history of cancer when planning and developing health strategies to reduce the burden of late presentation.