Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Clinicopathologic and Risk Stratification Study of 255 Cases from Pakistan and Review of Literature

Purpose: To describe the clinicopathological features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) diagnosed inour section and to perform risk stratification of our cases by assigning them to specific risk categories and groupsfor disease progression based on proposals by Fletcher et al and Miettinen and Lasota. Materials and
Results:We retrieved 255 cases of GIST diagnosed between 2003 and 2014. Over 59% were male. The age range was16 to 83 years with a mean of 51 years. Over 70% occurred between 40 and 70 years of age. Average diameterof tumors was 10 cms. The stomach was the most common site accounting for about 40%. EGISTs constitutedabout 16%. On histologic examination, spindle cell morphology was seen in almost of 85% cases. CD117 was themost useful immunohistochemical antibody, positive in 98%. Risk stratification was possible for 220 cases. Basedon Fletcher’s consensus proposal, 62.3 gastric, 81.8% duodenal, 68% small intestinal, 72% colorectal and 89%EGISTs were assigned to the high risk category; while based on Miettinen and Lasota’s algorithm, about 48%gastric, 100% duodenal, 76% small intestinal, 100% colorectal and 100% EGISTs in our study were associatedwith high risk for disease progression, tumor metastasis and tumor related death. Follow up was available in95 patients; 26 were dead and 69 alive at follow up. Most of the patients who died had high risk disease andon average death occurred just a few months to a maximum of one to two years after initial surgical resection.
Conclusions: Epidemiological and morphologic findings in our study were similar to international publisheddata. The majority of cases in our study belonged to the high risk category.