Serum Biomarkers in Thyroid Malignancies: Evaluating Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR) and Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1) as Potential Diagnostic Biomarker

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah university, Baghdad, Iraq.

Abstract

Background: Thyroid cancer is a prevalent endocrine malignancy, and identifying reliable molecular markers is crucial. This study evaluates the diagnostic potential of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1). Materials and Methods: A total of 90 patients with thyroid disorders including malignant tumors, benign tumors, and hyperthyroidism were recruited from the Al-Amal National Hospital for Cancer Management in Baghdad (March–June 2022). Twenty-five age-matched healthy individuals served as controls. Serum levels of T3, T4, TSH, and thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured along with TSHR and VAP-1 using commercial sandwich ELISA kits. Results: Patients with thyroid cancer exhibited significantly elevated levels of T3 and T4, as well as markedly increased Tg concentrations, compared to controls. In contrast, TSH levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Notably, VAP-1 levels were significantly lower in thyroid cancer patients when compared with both healthy controls and patients with other thyroid disorders (P < 0.001), while TSHR levels did not differ significantly among the groups. Conclusion: The distinct hormonal profile observed characterized by increased T3, T4, and Tg, alongside a significant reduction in VAP-1 suggests that low serum VAP-1 may serve as a useful diagnostic marker for thyroid cancer. These findings underscore the complex interplay between thyroid function and tumor biology and warrant further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations.

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Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Volume 26, Issue 3
March 2025
Pages 995-1000

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History

  • Receive Date: 23 October 2024
  • Revise Date: 18 January 2025
  • Accept Date: 23 March 2025

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