Ovarian Tumors during Pregnancy and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome: A Retrospective Analysis

Ritta, Kittiya; Luangdansakul, Wiyada; Smanchat, Buppa; Bhamarapravatana, Kornkarn; Suwannarurk, Komsun

doi:10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.4.1329

Ovarian Tumors during Pregnancy and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome: A Retrospective Analysis

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Royal Thai Air Force, Bangkok, 10220, Thailand.

² Thammasat University Patumthani Thailand, Thailand.

³ Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand.

10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.4.1329

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of ovarian tumor in pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using electronic data from Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital (BAH), Royal Thai Air Force, Thailand recorded between January 2012 and December 2022. The participants were patients diagnosed with ovarian tumors during pregnancy (OTP) within the study period. Demographic characteristics, histopathological findings, ultrasonography results and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. Results: A total of 190 OTP cases were identified among 41,842 pregnant women. One hundred twenty-six OTP cases underwent surgery during pregnancy. The mean age of the participants was 29.6 years. The prevalence of ovarian tumors was 4.5(190/41,842) in 1000 pregnancies. Malignant ovarian tumors accounted for 0.14% (2/126). Histopathological analysis revealed that germ cell ovarian tumors and common epithelial ovarian tumors were found in 50.79% (64/126) and 49.2% (62/126) of cases, respectively. Most germ cell ovarian tumors were mature cystic teratomas, which were found in 98% (63/64) of cases. One-third (32/126) of the OTP cases underwent surgery during the second and early third trimesters. Fetal loss following surgery occurred in 18.75% (6/32) of cases. Adnexectomy performed with cesarean delivery and after vaginal delivery occurred in 93 and 1 cases, respectively. Symptomatic OTP leading to emergency surgery was observed in 6.84% (13/190) of cases. Conclusion: The prevalence of OTP was 4.5 per 1,000 pregnant women. Fetal loss during surgery in pregnancy occurred in 18.75%. Mature cystic teratoma was the common histopathological finding.

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